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Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle單元知識總結(jié)清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）動詞詞組
make up one’s mind：下定決心。
例句：She made up her mind to lose weight and started exercising regularly.
（她下定決心減肥，開始定期鍛煉。）
shave off：剃掉；刮去。
例句：He shaved off his beard before the important interview.
（在重要面試前，他剃掉了胡子。）
feel pessimistic：感到悲觀。
例句：After failing the exam again, he began to feel pessimistic about his future.（再次考試失敗后，他開始對自己的未來感到悲觀。）
in response to：回答；答復(fù)；作為對…… 的回應(yīng)。
例句：The company took immediate action in response to the customers' complaints.（公司立即采取行動回應(yīng)客戶的投訴。）
take control of：控制；掌管。
例句：We should learn to take control of our emotions.
（我們應(yīng)該學(xué)會控制自己的情緒。）
stress out：焦慮不安；心力交瘁。
例句：Working long hours every day stressed him out.
（每天長時間工作使他心力交瘁。）
rely on：依賴；依靠；信賴。
例句：Don't rely on others too much; you should be independent.
（不要過度依賴他人，你應(yīng)該獨(dú)立。）
skip meals：不吃飯；跳過用餐時間。
例句：Skipping meals is bad for your health.（不吃飯對你的健康有害。）
（二）介詞詞組
straight away：立即；馬上。
例句：Please come to my office straight away.（請馬上來我的辦公室。）
be composed of：由…… 組成（或構(gòu)成）的。
例句：Our class is composed of 40 students.（我們班由 40 名學(xué)生組成。）
（三）詞匯練習(xí)題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短語的正確形式填空。
She finally ___________ to quit her job and start her own business.
The barber suggested that he ___________ his long hair.
___________ the teacher's question, the students raised their hands to answer.
You can't always ___________ your parents; you need to learn to take care of yourself.
He ___________ because of the heavy workload and tight deadline.
The medical team ___________ five doctors and ten nurses.
If you ___________ too often, you may suffer from stomach problems.
After the failure, he ___________ about his chances of success.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
聽到這個消息后，他立刻出發(fā)去了現(xiàn)場。
這個組織由來自不同國家的志愿者組成。
你應(yīng)該學(xué)會控制自己的時間，不然會很忙碌。
她依賴朋友幫她做決定。
面對困難，我們不能感到悲觀，要積極應(yīng)對。
他下定決心要在一個月內(nèi)提高英語成績。
為了保持健康，不要經(jīng)常不吃飯。
作為對觀眾熱情的回應(yīng)，演員又唱了一首歌。
二、語法知識點(diǎn)
（一）動詞不定式的用法
作主語：動詞不定式作主語時，常用 it 作形式主語，真正的主語（動詞不定式）后置，避免句子頭重腳輕。
例句：To learn a new language is difficult. = It is difficult to learn a new language.（學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言很難。）
作賓語：跟在一些及物動詞后作賓語。
例句：I want to have a healthy lifestyle.（我想要一種健康的生活方式。）
常見的接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：want, hope, decide, plan, attempt, learn 等。
作表語：說明主語的內(nèi)容或目的。
例句：My goal is to keep fit.（我的目標(biāo)是保持健康。）
作定語：放在被修飾詞之后，作后置定語。
例句：He has many things to do every day.（他每天有很多事情要做。）
作狀語：可表示目的、結(jié)果、原因等。
例句：He got up early to catch the first bus.
（目的狀語，他早起是為了趕上第一班公交車。）
He is too young to go to school.（結(jié)果狀語，他太小了，不能上學(xué)。）
I'm glad to hear the good news.（原因狀語，聽到這個好消息我很高興。）
（二）練習(xí)題
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the infinitive.用不定式的正確形式完成句子。
It is important ___________ (eat) a balanced diet for good health.
She decided ___________ (take) up a new hobby, like painting.
My dream is ___________ (become) a doctor and help people.
We went to the park ___________ (play) football.
He was too tired ___________ (work) any longer.
Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive.用不定式改寫下列句子。
Reading books makes me happy.（用 it 作形式主語改寫）
She likes singing songs in her free time.（用動詞不定式作賓語改寫）
The meeting's purpose is discussing the new plan.（用動詞不定式作表語改寫）
The man who is standing there is my teacher.（用動詞不定式作定語改寫）
Because she was ill, she didn't go to school.（用動詞不定式作原因狀語改寫）
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子主干是 “These bad habits could lead to more serious ones”，“if left unchecked” 是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式為 “if they are left unchecked”，作條件狀語；“when they become adults” 是時間狀語從句。
（二）There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: ‘We are what we repeatedly do.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“There is a famous saying” 是存在句，“based on the philosophy of Aristotle” 是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾 “saying”；“We are what we repeatedly do” 是直接引語，其中 “what we repeatedly do” 是表語從句。
（三）翻譯練習(xí)題
這些不良行為，如果不及時糾正，可能會影響你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活。
有一句古老的諺語：“羅馬不是一天建成的。”
良好的飲食習(xí)慣，如果保持下去，會讓你擁有健康的身體。
四、單元書面表達(dá)寫作指導(dǎo)
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
健康生活相關(guān)詞匯：healthy lifestyle（健康生活方式），balanced diet（均衡飲食），regular exercise（定期鍛煉），good habits（好習(xí)慣），physical and mental health（身心健康）
不良習(xí)慣相關(guān)詞匯：bad habits（不良習(xí)慣），tobacco abuse（吸煙成癮），alcohol abuse（酗酒），skip meals（不吃飯），overspending（過度消費(fèi)），staying up late（熬夜）
行為動作相關(guān)詞匯：form a habit（養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣），change a habit（改變習(xí)慣），take control of（控制），rely on（依賴），make up one’s mind（下定決心）
結(jié)果感受相關(guān)詞匯：feel energetic（感覺精力充沛），reduce stress（減輕壓力），suffer from（遭受），improve health（改善健康）
（二）高分句式積累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is necessary for us to form good habits for a healthy lifestyle.
（對我們來說，為了健康的生活方式養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣是有必要的。）
As the saying goes,...
例句：As the saying goes, “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”（正如諺語所說：“早睡早起使人健康、富有和聰明。”）
Not only... but also...
例句：Doing regular exercise not only keeps us physically fit but also makes us mentally relaxed.（定期鍛煉不僅能讓我們身體健康，還能讓我們精神放松。）
The more..., the more...
例句：The more you pay attention to your diet, the healthier you will be.
（你越關(guān)注飲食，就會越健康。）
（三）參考范文
How to Develop a Healthy Lifestyle
Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about their health. A healthy lifestyle is of great importance to everyone. Here are some suggestions on how to develop a healthy lifestyle.
Firstly, we should form good eating habits. It is essential to have a balanced diet, which includes enough fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins. Avoid eating too much junk food or sugary drinks, and don't skip meals. For example, having a nutritious breakfast every morning can provide us with energy for the whole day.
Secondly, regular exercise is necessary. We can choose activities that we enjoy, such as running, swimming, or cycling. Exercise not only helps us keep fit but also reduces stress and improves our mood. We should try to exercise at least three times a week for about 30 minutes each time.
Thirdly, getting enough sleep is crucial. Lack of sleep can make us feel tired and affect our health and work efficiency. We should go to bed early and get up early, and try to get 7 - 8 hours of sleep every night.
Finally, we should also pay attention to our mental health. We can relax by listening to music, reading books, or spending time with friends and family. When we feel stressed, we should learn to take control of our emotions and find appropriate ways to relieve stress.
In conclusion, developing a healthy lifestyle requires our continuous efforts. By following these suggestions, we can enjoy a healthy and happy life.
一、詞組搭配練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：made up her mind
解析：“She finally...to quit her job and start her own business.”，句子表達(dá)她最終下定決心辭職創(chuàng)業(yè)，“make up one’s mind” 表示 “下定決心”，結(jié)合語境，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，所以 “make” 變?yōu)?“made”，根據(jù)主語 “She”，one’s 變?yōu)?“her” 。
答案：shave off
解析：“The barber suggested that he...his long hair.”，理發(fā)師建議他剃掉長發(fā)，“shave off” 表示 “剃掉；刮去”，“suggest that sb. (should) do sth.” 是虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)，should 可省略，所以此處用動詞原形 “shave off” 。
答案：In response to
解析：“...the teacher's question, the students raised their hands to answer.”，學(xué)生舉手回答是對老師問題的回應(yīng)，“in response to” 表示 “作為對…… 的回應(yīng)”，句首字母大寫 。
答案：rely on
解析：“You can't always...your parents; you need to learn to take care of yourself.”，句子意思是不能總是依賴父母，要學(xué)會照顧自己，“rely on” 表示 “依賴；依靠”，“can't” 是情態(tài)動詞，后接動詞原形 。
答案：stressed out
解析：“He...because of the heavy workload and tight deadline.”，由于工作量大、截止日期緊，他應(yīng)該是感到焦慮不安，“stress out” 表示 “焦慮不安；心力交瘁”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，所以 “stress” 變?yōu)?“stressed” 。
答案：is composed of
解析：“The medical team...five doctors and ten nurses.”，句子說明醫(yī)療隊(duì)的人員構(gòu)成，“be composed of” 表示 “由…… 組成（或構(gòu)成）的”，句子時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語 “The medical team” 是單數(shù)，所以 “be” 動詞用 “is” 。
答案：skip meals
解析：“If you...too often, you may suffer from stomach problems.”，不吃飯?zhí)l繁會引發(fā)胃病，“skip meals” 表示 “不吃飯；跳過用餐時間”，if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，所以此處用動詞原形 。
答案：felt pessimistic
解析：“After the failure, he...about his chances of success.”，失敗后他對成功的機(jī)會感到悲觀，“feel pessimistic” 表示 “感到悲觀”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，所以 “feel” 變?yōu)?“felt” 。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：He set off for the scene straight away after hearing the news.
解析：“聽到這個消息后” 翻譯為 “after hearing the news”；“立刻” 用 “straight away”；“出發(fā)去” 是 “set off for”；“現(xiàn)場” 翻譯為 “the scene”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，“set” 的過去式還是 “set” 。
答案：This organization is composed of volunteers from different countries.
解析：“這個組織” 翻譯為 “This organization”；“由…… 組成” 用 “be composed of”，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用 “is”；“來自不同國家的志愿者” 翻譯為 “volunteers from different countries” 。
答案：You should learn to take control of your time, or you will be very busy.
解析：“你應(yīng)該” 翻譯為 “You should”；“學(xué)會做某事” 是 “l(fā)earn to do sth.”；“控制” 用 “take control of”；“你的時間” 翻譯為 “your time”；“不然” 用 “or”；“會很忙碌” 翻譯為 “will be very busy”，用一般將來時 。
答案：She relies on her friends to help her make decisions.
解析：“她” 翻譯為 “She”；“依賴” 用 “rely on”，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，一般現(xiàn)在時中 “rely” 變?yōu)?“relies”；“朋友” 翻譯為 “friends”；“幫她做決定” 翻譯為 “to help her make decisions”，用動詞不定式作目的狀語 。
答案：In the face of difficulties, we can't feel pessimistic; we should actively deal with them.
解析：“面對困難” 翻譯為 “In the face of difficulties”；“不能感到悲觀” 用 “can't feel pessimistic”；“要積極應(yīng)對” 翻譯為 “should actively deal with them”，“them” 指代 “difficulties” 。
答案：He made up his mind to improve his English grades within a month.
解析：“他” 翻譯為 “He”；“下定決心” 用 “make up one’s mind”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，“make” 變?yōu)?“made”，根據(jù)主語 “He”，one’s 變?yōu)?“his”；“提高英語成績” 翻譯為 “improve his English grades”；“在一個月內(nèi)” 翻譯為 “within a month” 。
答案：Don't skip meals often in order to keep healthy.
解析：“不要經(jīng)常不吃飯” 用 “Don't skip meals often”，否定祈使句以 “Don't” 開頭；“為了保持健康” 翻譯為 “in order to keep healthy”，用動詞不定式作目的狀語 。
答案：In response to the audience's enthusiasm, the actor sang another song.
解析：“作為對…… 的回應(yīng)” 用 “In response to”，句首字母大寫；“觀眾的熱情” 翻譯為 “the audience's enthusiasm”；“演員” 翻譯為 “the actor”；“又唱了一首歌” 翻譯為 “sang another song”，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時，“sing” 的過去式是 “sang” 。
二、語法知識點(diǎn)練習(xí)題答案及解析
（一）Complete the sentences with the correct form of the infinitive
答案：to eat
解析：“It is important...(eat) a balanced diet for good health.”，“It is + adj. + to do sth.” 是固定句型，it 作形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動詞不定式，所以此處填 “to eat”，表示為了身體健康，吃均衡的飲食很重要 。
答案：to take
解析：“She decided...(take) up a new hobby, like painting.”，“decide” 是常見的接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞，“decide to do sth.” 表示 “決定做某事”，所以填 “to take”，即她決定開始一項(xiàng)新愛好 。
答案：to become
解析：“My dream is...(become) a doctor and help people.”，動詞不定式作表語說明主語 “dream” 的內(nèi)容，“to become a doctor and help people”（成為一名醫(yī)生并幫助人們）是夢想的具體內(nèi)容，所以填 “to become” 。
答案：to play
解析：“We went to the park...(play) football.”，“去公園” 的目的是 “踢足球”，動詞不定式作目的狀語，所以填 “to play” 。
答案：to work
解析：“He was too tired...(work) any longer.”，“too...to...” 結(jié)構(gòu)表示 “太…… 而不能……”，是動詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語的一種固定用法，所以填 “to work”，表示他太累了不能再工作 。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using the infinitive
答案：It makes me happy to read books.
解析：原句 “Reading books makes me happy.” 中，用 it 作形式主語，真正的主語 “to read books” 后置，構(gòu)成 “It + 謂語 + 賓語 + 真正主語” 結(jié)構(gòu)，即 “ It makes me happy to read books” 。
答案：She likes to sing songs in her free time.
解析：原句 “She likes singing songs in her free time.” 中，“l(fā)ike” 后可接動名詞或動詞不定式作賓語，將 “singing” 改為 “to sing”，得到 “ She likes to sing songs in her free time” 。
答案：The meeting's purpose is to discuss the new plan.
解析：原句 “The meeting's purpose is discussing the new plan.” 中，將動名詞 “discussing” 改為動詞不定式 “to discuss” 作表語，說明會議的目的，即 “The meeting's purpose is to discuss the new plan” 。
答案：The man to stand there is my teacher.
解析：原句 “The man who is standing there is my teacher.” 中，將定語從句 “who is standing there” 改為動詞不定式短語 “to stand there” 作后置定語修飾 “the man”，得到 “The man to stand there is my teacher” 。
答案：She didn't go to school to be ill.
解析：原句 “Because she was ill, she didn't go to school.” 中，用動詞不定式作原因狀語，將 “Because she was ill” 改為 “to be ill”，并調(diào)整語序，即 “She didn't go to school to be ill” 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習(xí)題答案及解析
答案：These bad behaviors, if not corrected in time, may affect your study and life.
解析：參照 “These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“這些不良行為” 翻譯為 “These bad behaviors”；“如果不及時糾正” 用 “if not corrected in time”，是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式為 “if they are not corrected in time”；“可能會影響” 翻譯為 “may affect”；“你的學(xué)習(xí)和生活” 翻譯為 “your study and life” 。
答案：There is an old saying: “Rome was not built in a day.”
解析：依據(jù) “There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: ‘We are what we repeatedly do.’” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“有一句古老的諺語” 翻譯為 “There is an old saying”；直接引用諺語 “Rome was not built in a day” 。
答案：Good eating habits, if maintained, will give you a healthy body.
解析：仿照 “These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.” 的結(jié)構(gòu)，“良好的飲食習(xí)慣” 翻譯為 “Good eating habits”；“如果保持下去” 用 “if maintained”，是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式為 “if they are maintained”；“會讓你擁有健康的身體” 翻譯為 “will give you a healthy body” 。

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