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Unit 5 Poems單元知識總結清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）常見詞組
folk music：民間音樂。
例句：I like listening to folk music, especially the ones from my hometown.
（我喜歡聽民間音樂，尤其是家鄉的民間音樂。）
nursery rhyme：童謠；兒歌。
例句：My grandmother used to sing nursery rhymes to me when I was a child.（我小時候，奶奶常給我唱童謠。）
core values：核心價值觀。
例句：Respecting others is one of the core values in our society.
（尊重他人是我們社會的核心價值觀之一。）
golden wedding：金婚。
例句：They celebrated their golden wedding anniversary last year.
（他們去年慶祝了金婚紀念日。）
racial prejudice：種族偏見。
例句：We should fight against racial prejudice and promote equality.
（我們應該反對種族偏見，促進平等。）
sow the seeds：播種；播下種子。
例句：These experiences sowed the seeds of his love for literature.
（這些經歷播下了他熱愛文學的種子。）
correspond with：相一致；符合；相當于；通信。
例句：His actions don't correspond with his words.（他的言行不一致。）
be made up of：由…… 組成（構成）。
例句：This team is made up of five members from different countries.
（這個團隊由來自不同國家的五名成員組成。）
（二）詞匯練習題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短語的正確形式填空。
My mother often tells me stories while singing ___________.
Honesty and kindness are important __________ that we should all follow.
The old couple will have their ___________ next month.
We must take action to eliminate ________ and build a harmonious world.
Hard work and perseverance can help us ___________ of success.
His explanation didn't ___________ the facts we knew.
A computer ___________ many different parts.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
這首民間音樂充滿了濃郁的地方特色。
孩子們喜歡唱童謠，因為它們簡單有趣。
我們的國家是由多個民族組成的。
你應該和你的筆友保持通信。
歧視他人源于無知和偏見。
老師的鼓勵在他心中播下了自信的種子。
二、語法知識點
（一）定語從句
定義：在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞（who, whom, whose, which, that）和關系副詞（when, where, why） 。
關系代詞的用法：
who：指人，在從句中作主語。
例句：The man who is standing there is my teacher.
（站在那里的那個人是我的老師。）
whom：指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略。
例句：The girl (whom) we met yesterday is very friendly.
（我們昨天遇到的那個女孩很友好。）
whose：指人或物，在從句中作定語。
例句：This is the book whose cover is blue.
（這就是那本封面是藍色的書。）
which：指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。
例句：The bike which is broken needs to be repaired.
（那輛壞了的自行車需要修理。）
that：指人或物，在從句中作主語或賓語。
例句：The movie that we saw last night was very interesting.
（我們昨晚看的電影非常有趣。）
關系副詞的用法：
when：指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。
例句：I still remember the day when I joined the club.
（我仍然記得我加入俱樂部的那一天。）
where：指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。
例句：This is the place where we met for the first time.
（這就是我們第一次見面的地方。）
why：指原因，在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有 “reason”。
例句：Do you know the reason why he was late
（你知道他遲到的原因嗎？）
（二）練習題
Join the following sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs.
用關系代詞或副詞連接下列句子。
The book is very interesting. I bought the book yesterday.
The girl is my sister. She is wearing a red dress.
I will never forget the day. I met my best friend on that day.
The school is far away from here. I studied in the school ten years ago.
Can you tell me the reason You were late for school this morning for the reason.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.糾正下列句子中的錯誤。
The man whom is talking to my father is a doctor.
This is the house where I lived in last year.
I like the songs which they are popular.
The reason why he gave us was not true.
The girl whose mother is a teacher study very hard.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Poetry plays with sounds, words, and grammar. That makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.
結構分析：前一句描述詩歌在聲音、詞匯和語法方面的特點，后一句中 “that” 指代前一句內容，“make + 賓語 + 賓補” 結構，“difficult to write” 和 “very interesting to read” 為賓補，說明詩歌創作的難度和閱讀的趣味性 。
（二）In Chinese classical poetry, the form is very important: the correct number of lines and the number of characters in each line. Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.
結構分析：先總述中國古典詩歌形式的重要性，冒號后具體說明形式重要性的體現，后一句進一步闡述詩歌在節奏和韻律方面的特點。
（三）翻譯練習題
小說通過文字塑造人物形象，這使得它讀起來引人入勝。
在英語詩歌中，押韻和節奏很重要，它們賦予詩歌音樂般的品質。
現代詩歌打破傳統形式，這讓詩人有更多創作自由。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
詩歌類型相關詞匯：nursery rhyme（童謠），list poem（清單詩），sonnet（十四行詩），free verse（自由詩），cinquain（五行詩），haiku（俳句）
詩歌特點相關詞匯：rhyme（押韻），rhythm（節奏），imagery（意象），literary devices（文學手法），descriptive language（描寫性語言），vivid（生動的）
情感與表達相關詞匯：sorrow（悲傷），joy（喜悅），sympathy（同情），convey feelings（傳達情感），express oneself（表達自己）
其他相關詞匯：compose poetry（創作詩歌），recite（背誦），appreciate（欣賞），translation（翻譯）
（二）高分句式積累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is meaningful for us to learn and appreciate different forms of poetry.
（對我們來說，學習和欣賞不同形式的詩歌是有意義的。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Poetry can not only convey rich emotions but also reflect the social and cultural background.（詩歌不僅能傳達豐富的情感，還能反映社會文化背景。）
With + 名詞 + 現在分詞 / 過去分詞 / 介詞短語 。
例句：With the development of literature, more and more forms of poetry come into being.（隨著文學的發展，越來越多的詩歌形式應運而生。）
What + 主語 + need/require/want is...
例句：What a good poem needs is beautiful language and deep meaning.
（一首好詩所需要的是優美的語言和深刻的內涵。）
（三）參考范文
My Love for Poetry
Poetry is a wonderful form of literature that has the power to touch people's hearts. It uses beautiful words, vivid images, and unique rhythms to express various feelings and ideas.
I have a deep love for poetry, especially Chinese classical poetry. In Chinese classical poetry, the form is very important. For example, in Tang poems, the number of lines and characters in each line often follows certain rules, and the poems are full of beautiful rhythms and rhymes. Li Bai's poems, with their romantic style, can always take me to a wonderful world. His description of nature and friendship makes me feel the beauty of life. Du Fu's poems, on the other hand, reflect the social reality and people's suffering at that time, which makes me understand history better and feel the poet's deep sympathy for the people.
Modern poetry also attracts me a lot. It breaks the traditional forms, giving poets more freedom to express themselves. Through modern poetry, I can feel the poets' unique views on life and the world.
In my opinion, reading and writing poetry are great ways to improve our language ability and emotional intelligence. It allows us to express our innermost feelings and thoughts. I hope more people can fall in love with poetry and enjoy the beauty it brings.
一、詞組搭配練習題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：nursery rhymes
解析：“My mother often tells me stories while singing...”，根據語境，媽媽講故事時唱的通常是童謠，“nursery rhyme” 表示 “童謠；兒歌”，這里應用復數形式 “nursery rhymes”，表示多種童謠。
答案：core values
解析：“Honesty and kindness are important...that we should all follow.”，誠實和善良屬于人們應遵循的重要價值觀，“core values” 表示 “核心價值觀”，符合句子邏輯。
答案：golden wedding
解析：“The old couple will have their...next month.”，老夫婦即將迎來的是金婚，“golden wedding” 表示 “金婚”，是固定搭配。
答案：racial prejudice
解析：“We must take action to eliminate...and build a harmonious world.”，為構建和諧世界要消除的是種族偏見，“racial prejudice” 表示 “種族偏見”，符合語境。
答案：sow the seeds
解析：“Hard work and perseverance can help us...of success.”，努力和毅力能夠幫助我們為成功播下種子，“sow the seeds” 表示 “播種；播下種子”，“help sb. do sth.” 結構中，動詞用原形，所以填 “sow the seeds”。
答案：correspond with
解析：“His explanation didn't...the facts we knew.”，他的解釋與我們知道的事實不一致，“correspond with” 表示 “相一致；符合”，“didn't” 后接動詞原形，故填 “correspond with”。
答案：is made up of
解析：“A computer...many different parts.”，句子表達計算機由許多不同部件組成，“be made up of” 表示 “由…… 組成（構成）” ，主語 “A computer” 是單數，一般現在時中 be 動詞用 “is”，所以填 “is made up of”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：This folk music is full of rich local characteristics.
解析：“這首民間音樂” 翻譯為 “This folk music”，“folk music” 表示 “民間音樂”；“充滿” 常用 “be full of” 表達；“濃郁的地方特色” 翻譯為 “rich local characteristics”。
答案：Children like singing nursery rhymes because they are simple and interesting.
解析：“孩子們” 翻譯為 “Children”；“喜歡做某事” 用 “like doing sth.”，“唱童謠” 即 “singing nursery rhymes”，“nursery rhymes” 表示 “童謠；兒歌”；“因為” 用 “because” 引導原因狀語從句，從句中 “它們” 指代童謠，用 “they”，“簡單有趣” 翻譯為 “simple and interesting”。
答案：Our country is made up of many ethnic groups.
解析：“我們的國家” 翻譯為 “Our country”；“由…… 組成” 用 “be made up of”，主語是單數，be 動詞用 “is”；“多個民族” 翻譯為 “many ethnic groups”。
答案：You should correspond with your pen pal.
解析：“你應該” 翻譯為 “You should”，“should” 后接動詞原形；“和…… 通信” 用 “correspond with”；“你的筆友” 翻譯為 “your pen pal”。
答案：Discriminating against others stems from ignorance and prejudice.
解析：“歧視他人” 常用 “Discriminating against others”，這里用動名詞短語作主語；“源于” 可翻譯為 “stems from”；“無知和偏見” 翻譯為 “ignorance and prejudice”，雖然原詞組中 “racial prejudice” 強調種族偏見，但在此句語境下，“prejudice” 可表示廣義的偏見 。
答案：The teacher's encouragement sowed the seeds of confidence in his heart.
解析：“老師的鼓勵” 翻譯為 “The teacher's encouragement”；“播下…… 的種子” 用 “sowed the seeds of”，句子時態為一般過去時，“sow” 的過去式是 “sowed”；“自信” 翻譯為 “confidence”；“在他心中” 翻譯為 “in his heart”。
二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析
（一）Join the following sentences using relative pronouns or adverbs
答案：The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
解析：先行詞是 “the book”，指物，在從句 “I bought the book yesterday” 中作賓語，所以可用關系代詞 “which” 或 “that” 引導定語從句，將兩句合并為 “The book which/that I bought yesterday is very interesting”。
答案：The girl who/that is wearing a red dress is my sister.
解析：先行詞是 “the girl”，指人，在從句 “She is wearing a red dress” 中作主語，因此可用關系代詞 “who” 或 “that” 引導定語從句，得到 “The girl who/that is wearing a red dress is my sister”。
答案：I will never forget the day when I met my best friend.
解析：先行詞是 “the day”，指時間，在從句 “I met my best friend on that day” 中作時間狀語，所以用關系副詞 “when” 引導定語從句，合并為 “I will never forget the day when I met my best friend”。
答案：The school where I studied ten years ago is far away from here.
解析：先行詞是 “the school”，指地點，在從句 “I studied in the school ten years ago” 中作地點狀語，故用關系副詞 “where” 引導定語從句，即 “The school where I studied ten years ago is far away from here”。
答案：Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school this morning
解析：先行詞是 “the reason”，在從句 “You were late for school this morning for the reason” 中作原因狀語，所以用關系副詞 “why” 引導定語從句，句子為 “Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school this morning ” 。
（二）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：The man who is talking to my father is a doctor.
解析：原句中 “whom” 使用錯誤，先行詞 “the man” 在從句 “is talking to my father” 中作主語，指人作主語時關系代詞應用 “who” 或 “that”，所以將 “whom” 改為 “who”。
答案：This is the house where I lived last year. 或 This is the house which/that I lived in last year.
解析：原句中 “where” 和 “in” 重復使用錯誤。“where” 在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于 “in which”，所以可去掉 “in”，用 “where” 引導；或者保留 “in”，用關系代詞 “which” 或 “that” 引導，此時 “in which/that” 在從句中作賓語 。
答案：I like the songs which are popular.
解析：原句中 “they” 多余，“which” 引導定語從句修飾 “the songs”，在從句 “are popular” 中作主語，所以應去掉 “they” 。
答案：The reason that/which he gave us was not true.
解析：先行詞 “the reason” 在從句 “he gave us” 中作賓語，此時關系詞應用 “that” 或 “which”，而 “why” 在定語從句中作原因狀語，不能作賓語，所以將 “why” 改為 “that” 或 “which” 。
答案：The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.
解析：原句中 “study” 形式錯誤，主語 “The girl” 是第三人稱單數，一般現在時中謂語動詞 “study” 應變為第三人稱單數形式 “studies” 。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習題答案及解析
答案：Novels create characters through words, which makes them fascinating to read.
解析：仿照 “Poetry plays with sounds, words, and grammar. That makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.” 的結構，“小說通過文字塑造人物形象” 翻譯為 “Novels create characters through words”；“這使得” 用 “which makes”，“which” 指代前面整個句子內容；“讀起來引人入勝” 翻譯為 “fascinating to read”，使用 “make + 賓語 + 賓補” 結構 。
答案：In English poetry, rhyme and rhythm are very important, and they give poetry a musical quality.
解析：參考 “In Chinese classical poetry, the form is very important: the correct number of lines and the number of characters in each line. Poetry often follows special patterns of rhythm and rhyme.” 的結構，先闡述 “在英語詩歌中，押韻和節奏很重要”，翻譯為 “In English poetry, rhyme and rhythm are very important”；然后說明 “它們賦予詩歌音樂般的品質”，翻譯為 “and they give poetry a musical quality” 。
答案：Modern poetry breaks traditional forms, which gives poets more creative freedom.
解析：依據 “Poetry plays with sounds, words, and grammar. That makes poetry difficult to write but very interesting to read.” 的結構，“現代詩歌打破傳統形式” 翻譯為 “Modern poetry breaks traditional forms”；“這讓” 用 “which gives”，“which” 指代前面句子內容；“詩人有更多創作自由” 翻譯為 “poets more creative freedom”，使用 “give + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語” 結構 。

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