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Unit 1 Science Fiction單元知識總結清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）動詞詞組
test out：檢驗；測試。
例句：They are going to test out the new robot next week.
（他們下周將測試這個新機器人。）
have an urge to：有強烈的欲望做某事。
例句：She has an urge to travel around the world.
（她有環游世界的強烈欲望。）
take over：占上風；取而代之；接管；接手。
例句：The new manager will take over the company next month.
（新經理下個月將接管公司。）
fetch：（去）拿來；（去）請來。
例句：Please fetch me a glass of water.（請給我拿一杯水來。）
dismiss：讓（某人）離開；解散；解雇；消除。
例句：The teacher dismissed the class early today.（老師今天提前下課了。）
declare：表明；宣稱；公布。
例句：The government declared a state of emergency.
（政府宣布進入緊急狀態。）
calculate：計算；核算；預測。
例句：He calculated the cost of the project carefully.
（他仔細計算了項目的成本。）
（二）介詞詞組
superior to：比…… 更好；更勝一籌。
例句：This new product is superior to the old one in quality.
（這款新產品在質量上比舊產品更勝一籌。）
conflict with：與…… 沖突或抵觸。
例句：His plan conflicts with ours.（他的計劃與我們的相沖突。）
on a … basis：根據；以…… 的方式（基準）。
例句：We should judge people on a fair basis.
（我們應該以公平的方式評判他人。）
（三）詞匯練習題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.用以上短語的正確形式填空。
The company wants to _________ the new software to see if it works well.
I ___________ learn a new language this year.
After the old director retired, a young man ___________ the department.
Could you please ___________ my dictionary from the study
The school __________ the troublemaker from school for his bad behavior.
The president ___________ his support for the new policy.
You need to ___________ the time it will take to finish the task.
This smartphone is ___________ that one in terms of performance.
His opinion ___________ mine, so we argued for a long time.
We should evaluate students ___________ their overall performance.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
他們正在測試一種新型的機器人，看它能否做家務。
我有強烈的愿望去探索宇宙的奧秘。
這家公司被一家外國企業接管了。
請去把醫生請來，病人情況很危急。
老板因為他的懶惰解雇了他。
科學家宣稱他們發現了一種新的元素。
你能計算出從這里到北京的距離嗎？
這款手表在設計上比那款更勝一籌。
他的話與事實相抵觸。
我們應該根據學生的進步來評價他們。
二、語法知識點
（一）被動語態
構成：be + 過去分詞（be 動詞有人稱、時態和數的變化）。
用法：
不知道動作的執行者是誰時使用被動語態。
例句：The window was broken yesterday.（窗戶昨天被打破了。）
強調動作的承受者，而不強調動作的執行者時使用被動語態。
例句：The book was written by Lu Xun.（這本書是魯迅寫的。）
出于禮貌、措辭圓通等方面的原因不愿說出動作的執行者時使用被動語態。
例句：Your work must be finished on time.（你的工作必須按時完成。）
不同時態的被動語態：
一般現在時：am/is/are + 過去分詞。
例句：English is spoken all over the world.（全世界都講英語。）
一般過去時：was/were + 過去分詞。
例句：The house was built ten years ago.（這座房子是十年前建造的。）
一般將來時：will be + 過去分詞 或 be going to be + 過去分詞。
例句：A new school will be built in our city next year.
（明年我們城市將建一所新學校。）
現在完成時：have/has been + 過去分詞。
例句：The project has been completed.（這個項目已經完成了。）
（二）練習題
Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice.用被動語態改寫下列句子。
They clean the classroom every day.
He wrote this novel last year.
We will finish the work next week.
They have built two bridges in this city.
Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the passive voice.用被動語態動詞的適當形式完成句子。
The computer ___________ (repair) by my father now.
Many trees ___________ (plant) in our school last spring.
A new hospital ___________ (build) in this area next month.
The book ___________ (translate) into five languages so far.
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.糾正下列句子中的錯誤。
The bike is repairing by Tom now.
The letter was wrote by my sister yesterday.
These photos will taken to the exhibition tomorrow.
The story has been tell many times.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.
結構分析：這是一個一般過去將來時的被動語態句子。“It” 是主語，指代 “a household robot”；“was going to be tested out” 是謂語部分，體現了被動和過去將來的時態；“by Larry’s wife, Claire” 表明動作的執行者 。
（二）Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.
結構分析：“Although” 引導讓步狀語從句，“it” 指代克萊爾和托尼之間的關系，“was completely innocent” 描述這種關系的性質；主句 “Claire felt guilty” 表達克萊爾的感受，體現了讓步與轉折的邏輯關系。
（三）翻譯練習題
這個新的項目將由一個年輕的團隊來測試。
盡管他沒有做錯事，但他還是感到很不安。
那座古老的建筑是在 200 年前被建造的。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
科幻主題相關詞匯：science fiction（科幻小說），alien（外星人），time travel（時間旅行），space exploration（太空探索），robot（機器人），artificial intelligence（人工智能）
人物情感與行為相關詞匯：embarrassed（尷尬的），admire（欽佩），trust（信任），persuade（說服），declare（宣稱），weep（哭泣）
其他相關詞匯：bonus（意外收獲；獎金），dignity（尊嚴），salary（薪水），appointment（預約；約會），calculate（計算），fetch（去拿來），dismiss（解散；解雇）
（二）高分句式積累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is important for us to explore the relationship between science and science fiction.（對我們來說，探索科學與科幻小說之間的關系很重要。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Science fiction can not only inspire our imagination but also promote the development of science.
（科幻小說不僅能激發我們的想象力，還能推動科學的發展。）
With + 名詞 + 現在分詞 / 過去分詞 / 介詞短語 。
例句：With the development of technology, more and more amazing science fiction works are created.
（隨著科技的發展，越來越多令人驚嘆的科幻作品被創作出來。）
What + 主語 + need/require/want is...
例句：What a good science fiction story needs is a unique plot and vivid characters.（一個好的科幻故事需要的是獨特的情節和生動的人物。）
（三）參考范文
My Imagination of Future Life
With the rapid development of science and technology, our future life will be greatly changed, just like what is described in many science fiction stories.
In the future, robots will play a more important role in our daily lives. They will not only help us with housework, such as cleaning, cooking, and washing, but also take care of the elderly and children. For example, a special robot can accompany the elderly, chat with them, and remind them to take medicine on time. With these robots, we will have more free time to do what we like.
Transportation will also become more advanced. People may use flying cars or high-speed trains that can travel through time and space. It will be very convenient for us to travel around the world or even to other planets. We can easily visit different places and experience various cultures.
In addition, artificial intelligence will be widely used in education. Smart teaching systems will be able to understand each student’s learning style and needs, and provide personalized teaching programs. Students will be able to learn more effectively and efficiently.
However, along with these wonderful changes, there may also be some problems. For example, if robots replace too many human jobs, there will be a large number of unemployed people. And the development of artificial intelligence may pose a threat to human safety if not properly controlled.
In conclusion, the future life will be full of challenges and opportunities. We should make good use of science and technology to create a better life while also being aware of and solving the potential problems.
一、詞組搭配練習題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：test out
解析：“The company wants to...the new software to see if it works well.”，公司想要對新軟件進行檢驗測試，看其是否運行良好，“test out” 表示 “檢驗；測試”，符合語境，且 “want to do sth.”（想要做某事），to 后接動詞原形，所以填 “test out”。
答案：have an urge to
解析：“I...learn a new language this year.”，句子表達 “我” 今年有強烈的學習新語言的欲望，“have an urge to” 表示 “有強烈的欲望做某事”，符合語義，所以填 “have an urge to”。
答案：took over
解析：“After the old director retired, a young man...the department.”，老主任退休后，年輕人應該是接管了部門，“take over” 表示 “接管；接手”，句子時態為一般過去時，“take” 的過去式是 “took”，所以填 “took over”。
答案：fetch
解析：“Could you please...my dictionary from the study ”，請求對方去書房把字典拿來，“fetch” 表示 “（去）拿來；（去）請來” ，“Could you please do sth.”（你能做某事嗎），please 后接動詞原形，所以填 “fetch”。
答案：dismissed
解析：“The school...the troublemaker from school for his bad behavior.”，因為不良行為，學校會讓這個搗亂者離開學校，即解雇、開除他，“dismiss” 表示 “讓（某人）離開；解散；解雇；消除”，句子時態為一般過去時，“dismiss” 的過去式是 “dismissed”，所以填 “dismissed”。
答案：declared
解析：“The president...his support for the new policy.”，總統表明、宣稱他對新政策的支持，“declare” 表示 “表明；宣稱；公布”，句子時態為一般過去時，“declare” 的過去式是 “declared”，所以填 “declared”。
答案：calculate
解析：“You need to...the time it will take to finish the task.”，需要計算完成任務所需的時間，“calculate” 表示 “計算；核算；預測”，“need to do sth.”（需要做某事），to 后接動詞原形，所以填 “calculate”。
答案：superior to
解析：“This smartphone is...that one in terms of performance.”，在性能方面，這款智能手機比那款更好，“superior to” 表示 “比…… 更好；更勝一籌”，符合語境，所以填 “superior to”。
答案：conflicted with
解析：“His opinion...mine, so we argued for a long time.”，他的觀點和 “我” 的觀點沖突，所以爭吵了很久，“conflict with” 表示 “與…… 沖突或抵觸”，句子時態為一般過去時，“conflict” 的過去式是 “conflicted”，所以填 “conflicted with”。
答案：on a...basis
解析：“We should evaluate students...their overall performance.”，我們應該根據學生的整體表現來評價他們，“on a...basis” 表示 “根據；以…… 的方式（基準）”，這里表示以整體表現為基準，所以填 “on a...basis”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：They are testing out a new type of robot to see if it can do housework.
解析：“他們正在測試” 用現在進行時 “are testing out”，“test out” 表示 “檢驗；測試”；“一種新型的機器人” 翻譯為 “a new type of robot”；“看它能否做家務” 翻譯為 “to see if it can do housework”，其中 “if” 引導賓語從句。
答案：I have an urge to explore the mysteries of the universe.
解析：“我有強烈的愿望” 用 “I have an urge to”；“探索宇宙的奧秘” 翻譯為 “explore the mysteries of the universe”，“have an urge to” 后接動詞原形。
答案：This company was taken over by a foreign enterprise.
解析：“這家公司” 翻譯為 “This company”；“被…… 接管” 用被動語態 “was taken over”，“take over” 表示 “接管”，句子時態為一般過去時的被動語態；“一家外國企業” 翻譯為 “a foreign enterprise”。
答案：Please fetch the doctor. The patient is in a critical condition.
解析：“請去把…… 請來” 用 “Please fetch”；“醫生” 翻譯為 “the doctor”；“病人情況很危急” 翻譯為 “The patient is in a critical condition” 。
答案：The boss dismissed him because of his laziness.
解析：“老板” 翻譯為 “The boss”；“解雇” 用 “dismissed”，句子時態為一般過去時；“他” 翻譯為 “him”；“因為他的懶惰” 翻譯為 “because of his laziness”，“because of” 后接名詞短語。
答案：Scientists declared that they had discovered a new element.
解析：“科學家” 翻譯為 “Scientists”；“宣稱” 用 “declared”，句子時態為一般過去時；“他們發現了一種新的元素” 翻譯為 “that they had discovered a new element”，“that” 引導賓語從句，從句動作發生在主句動作之前，所以用過去完成時。
答案：Can you calculate the distance from here to Beijing
解析：“你能…… 嗎” 用 “Can you...” 提問；“計算” 用 “calculate”；“從這里到北京的距離” 翻譯為 “the distance from here to Beijing” 。
答案：This watch is superior to that one in design.
解析：“這款手表” 翻譯為 “This watch”；“比…… 更勝一籌” 用 “is superior to”；“那款” 翻譯為 “that one”；“在設計上” 翻譯為 “in design” 。
答案：His words conflicted with the facts.
解析：“他的話” 翻譯為 “His words”；“與…… 抵觸” 用 “conflicted with”，句子時態為一般過去時；“事實” 翻譯為 “the facts” 。
答案：We should evaluate students on the basis of their progress.
解析：“我們應該” 翻譯為 “We should”；“評價學生” 翻譯為 “evaluate students”；“根據” 用 “on the basis of”；“他們的進步” 翻譯為 “their progress” 。
二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析
（一）Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice
答案：The classroom is cleaned by them every day.
解析：原句 “They clean the classroom every day.” 是一般現在時的主動語態，變為被動語態時，將原句的賓語 “the classroom” 變為主語，原句主語 “they” 變為 “by them”，be 動詞根據主語和時態變為 “is”，動詞 “clean” 變為過去分詞 “cleaned”，即 “The classroom is cleaned by them every day”。
答案：This novel was written by him last year.
解析：原句 “He wrote this novel last year.” 是一般過去時的主動語態，變為被動語態時，把 “this novel” 作為主語，“he” 變為 “by him”，be 動詞用一般過去時的 “was”，“write” 的過去分詞是 “written”，得到 “This novel was written by him last year”。
答案：The work will be finished by us next week.
解析：原句 “We will finish the work next week.” 是一般將來時的主動語態，變為被動語態時，“the work” 作主語，“we” 變為 “by us”，一般將來時的被動語態結構是 “will be + 過去分詞”，“finish” 的過去分詞是 “finished”，所以是 “The work will be finished by us next week”。
答案：Two bridges have been built by them in this city.
解析：原句 “They have built two bridges in this city.” 是現在完成時的主動語態，變為被動語態時，“two bridges” 作主語，“they” 變為 “by them”，現在完成時的被動語態結構是 “have/has been + 過去分詞”，“build” 的過去分詞是 “built”，因此是 “Two bridges have been built by them in this city”。
（二）Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the verbs in the passive voice
答案：is being repaired
解析：“The computer...(repair) by my father now.”，句子中有 “now”，表示正在進行的動作，所以用現在進行時的被動語態，結構是 “am/is/are + being + 過去分詞”，主語 “The computer” 是單數，be 動詞用 “is”，“repair” 的過去分詞是 “repaired”，所以填 “is being repaired”。
答案：were planted
解析：“Many trees...(plant) in our school last spring.”，“last spring” 表明句子時態為一般過去時，“trees” 和 “plant” 是被動關系，所以用一般過去時的被動語態，結構是 “was/were + 過去分詞”，主語 “Many trees” 是復數，be 動詞用 “were”，“plant” 的過去分詞是 “planted”，故填 “were planted”。
答案：will be built
解析：“A new hospital...(build) in this area next month.”，“next month” 表示將來的時間，句子要用一般將來時的被動語態，結構是 “will be + 過去分詞”，“build” 的過去分詞是 “built”，所以填 “will be built”。
答案：has been translated
解析：“The book...(translate) into five languages so far.”，“so far”（到目前為止）是現在完成時的標志詞，“book” 和 “translate” 是被動關系，所以用現在完成時的被動語態，結構是 “have/has been + 過去分詞”，主語 “The book” 是單數，助動詞用 “has”，“translate” 的過去分詞是 “translated”，因此填 “has been translated”。
（三）Correct the mistakes in the following sentences
答案：The bike is being repaired by Tom now.
解析：原句 “The bike is repairing by Tom now.” 錯誤，“now” 表示正在進行的動作，自行車是被修理，應該用現在進行時的被動語態，結構是 “am/is/are + being + 過去分詞”，所以要在 “is” 后加上 “being”，“repair” 變為過去分詞 “repaired”。
答案：The letter was written by my sister yesterday.
解析：原句 “The letter was wrote by my sister yesterday.” 中，“write” 的過去分詞形式錯誤，“write” 的過去式是 “wrote”，過去分詞是 “written”，一般過去時的被動語態結構是 “was/were + 過去分詞”，所以應把 “wrote” 改為 “written”。
答案：These photos will be taken to the exhibition tomorrow.
解析：原句 “These photos will taken to the exhibition tomorrow.” 錯誤，一般將來時的被動語態結構是 “will be + 過去分詞”，原句缺少 “be” 動詞，“take” 的過去分詞是 “taken”，所以要在 “will” 后加上 “be” 。
答案：The story has been told many times.
解析：原句 “The story has been tell many times.” 中，“tell” 的過去分詞形式錯誤，“tell” 的過去分詞是 “told”，現在完成時的被動語態結構是 “have/has been + 過去分詞”，所以應把 “tell” 改為 “told”。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習題答案及解析
答案：This new project will be tested out by a young team.
解析：參照 “It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire.” 的結構，“這個新的項目” 翻譯為 “This new project”；“將由…… 來測試” 用一般將來時的被動語態 “will be tested out”，“test out” 表示 “檢驗；測試”；“一個年輕的團隊” 翻譯為 “a young team” 。
答案：Although he didn't do anything wrong, he still felt very uneasy.
解析：依據 “Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.” 的結構，“盡管他沒有做錯事” 翻譯為 “Although he didn't do anything wrong”，“although” 引導讓步狀語從句；“但他還是感到很不安” 翻譯為 “he still felt very uneasy” 。
答案：That ancient building was built 200 years ago.
解析：句子表達 “那座古老的建筑” 是過去被建造的，用一般過去時的被動語態，“那座古老的建筑” 翻譯為 “That ancient building”；“被建造” 翻譯為 “was built”；“200 年前” 翻譯為 “200 years ago” 。

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