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Unit 3 Sea Exploration 單元知識總結清單
一、詞組搭配
（一）重點詞組
set sail：起航；開航。
例句：The ship will set sail for Europe tomorrow.
（這艘船明天將起航前往歐洲。）
in a league of one’s own：獨領風騷。
例句：In the field of modern art, this artist is in a league of her own.
（在現代藝術領域，這位藝術家獨領風騷。）
withdraw from：退出；撤回。
例句：He decided to withdraw from the competition due to injury.
（他因受傷決定退出比賽。）
in hand：在手頭；可供使用。
例句：We have enough funds in hand to complete the project.
（我們手頭有足夠的資金來完成這個項目。）
press conference：記者招待會；新聞發布會。
例句：The president will hold a press conference next week.
（總統將于下周舉行新聞發布會。）
be at the mercy of：任由…… 擺布；受…… 支配。
例句：Small boats are often at the mercy of the rough sea.
（小船常常任由洶涌的大海擺布。）
a mixture of：…… 的混合；結合體；混合物。
例句：This dish is a mixture of vegetables and meat.
（這道菜是蔬菜和肉的混合。）
reach out across the sea：跨洋交流；跨海探索。
例句：Countries should reach out across the sea to promote trade cooperation.（各國應跨洋交流以促進貿易合作。）
in return：作為回報；作為交換。
例句：She helped me with my study, and I gave her a book in return.
（她幫我學習，作為回報我送了她一本書。）
a sight to behold：壯觀的景象；引人注目的景象。
例句：The waterfall is a sight to behold.（瀑布是一道壯觀的景象。）
（二）詞匯練習題
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above.
用以上短語的正確形式填空。
The explorers ___________ on a journey to discover new lands.
Our team is ___________ in terms of innovation and creativity.
The company had to _________ the market because of fierce competition.
Make sure you have all the necessary documents ________ before the meeting.
The prime minister will hold a ___________ to announce the new policy.
Fishermen are always ___________ the weather.
His painting is ___________ different styles and techniques.
Nations should ___________ to strengthen cultural exchanges.
She gave me a hand when I was in trouble, and I thanked her _________.
The sunrise over the ocean is ___________.
Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above.
用上面的短語把下面的句子翻譯成英語。
這艘古老的帆船明天將起航前往神秘的島嶼。
在音樂創作方面，這位天才音樂家獨領風騷。
由于資金短缺，他們不得不撤回投資。
我們手頭有足夠的證據證明他的清白。
明星將在酒店舉行記者招待會。
那些貧困地區的人們受惡劣天氣的支配。
這部電影是喜劇與悲劇的混合體。
各國應加強跨洋交流，共同應對海洋問題。
他幫我搬運行李，我請他吃飯作為回報。
夜晚的城市燈光是一道引人注目的景象。
二、語法知識點
（一）動詞不定式
用法：
作主語：動詞不定式作主語時，常用 it 作形式主語，真正的主語（動詞不定式）后置，結構為 “It + be + 形容詞 / 名詞 + to do sth.”。
例句：It is important to protect the ocean environment.
（保護海洋環境很重要。）
作表語：位于系動詞之后，說明主語的內容。
例句：My dream is to become a marine biologist.
（我的夢想是成為一名海洋生物學家。）
作賓語：跟在及物動詞之后。
例句：I want to explore the deep sea.（我想去探索深海。）
作賓語補足語：常見于 “動詞 + 賓語 + 不定式” 結構中，補充說明賓語的動作或狀態。
例句：The teacher encourages us to think independently.
（老師鼓勵我們獨立思考。）
作定語：放在被修飾詞之后，與被修飾詞存在邏輯上的動賓關系或主謂關系。例句：She has a lot of work to do.（她有很多工作要做。）
作狀語：可表示目的、結果、原因等。
例句：He came here to study marine life.（他來這里是為了研究海洋生物。）（目的狀語）；
He is too young to join the navy.（他年齡太小，不能加入海軍。）（結果狀語）；
I’m glad to hear the good news about sea exploration.（聽到有關海洋探索的好消息我很高興。）（原因狀語）
注意事項：動詞不定式的否定形式是在 to 前加 not；當兩個或多個不定式并列時，第二個及以后的不定式符號 to 可以省略 。
（二）練習題
Identify the function of the infinitives in the following sentences.找出下列句子中不定式的作用。
To see the ocean with my own eyes is my dream.（ ）
His goal is to sail around the world.（ ）
We plan to visit the aquarium this weekend.（ ）
The captain ordered the crew to lower the sails.（ ）
She has nothing to worry about.（ ）
He got up early to catch the first bus to the port.（ ）
Rewrite the following sentences using it as the formal subject.用它作正式主語改寫下列句子。
To study marine biology requires a lot of knowledge.
To protect the sea from pollution is our responsibility.
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.用括號中動詞的正確形式完成句子。
I hope ___________ (join) the sea exploration team in the future.
The teacher told us ___________ (not waste) water from the sea.
They are making preparations ___________ (set) sail next month.
三、重要句式句型分析
（一）Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.
結構分析：句子主語是 “Trade and curiosity”（貿易和好奇心），謂語動詞是 “have formed”（構成），賓語是 “the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements”（人類最偉大成就的基礎） 。
（二）Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
結構分析：“Although” 引導讓步狀語從句 “China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433”，表示盡管中國在 1433 年后停止了進一步的遠航；主句是 “these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries”，說明陸路和海路在之后的幾個世紀里仍是不同文化間交流的活躍通道。
（三）翻譯練習題
勇氣和決心常常構成成功的基礎。
盡管他退出了比賽，但他的精神激勵著許多年輕人。
這些古老的航海路線在過去幾個世紀一直是東西方貿易的重要通道。
四、單元書面表達寫作指導
（一）重要詞匯詞組搭配積累
海洋探索相關詞匯：sea exploration（海洋探索），marine research（海洋研究），deep-sea exploration（深海探索），underwater exploration（水下探索），oceanographic expedition（海洋考察）
海洋生物相關詞匯：marine life（海洋生物），sea creatures（海洋生物；海洋生物），endangered species（瀕危物種），coral reef（珊瑚礁），whale（鯨魚），dolphin（海豚）
海洋環境相關詞匯：ocean environment（海洋環境），marine pollution（海洋污染），plastic pollution（塑料污染），oil spill（石油泄漏），climate change（氣候變化）
貿易與交流相關詞匯：trade route（貿易路線），cultural exchange（文化交流），economic cooperation（經濟合作），strengthen bonds（加強聯系）
（二）高分句式積累
It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
例句：It is necessary for us to take measures to protect the ocean.
（對我們來說，采取措施保護海洋是必要的。）
Not only...but also...
例句：Sea exploration can not only satisfy our curiosity but also bring us valuable resources.（海洋探索不僅能滿足我們的好奇心，還能為我們帶來寶貴的資源。）
With + 名詞 + 現在分詞 / 過去分詞 / 介詞短語 。
例句：With the development of technology, more advanced equipment is used in sea exploration.（隨著技術的發展，更先進的設備被用于海洋探索。）
There is no doubt that...
例句：There is no doubt that protecting the sea is of great significance to our future.（毫無疑問，保護海洋對我們的未來意義重大。）
（三）參考范文
My View on Sea Exploration
With the development of science and technology, sea exploration has become an increasingly important topic. There is no doubt that sea exploration brings us many benefits, but it also causes some problems.
On one hand, sea exploration is of great significance. It not only satisfies our curiosity about the unknown ocean but also helps us discover new resources. For example, there are probably vast amounts of valuable minerals under the sea, which can meet the growing needs of the world’s population. Moreover, through sea exploration, we can better understand the marine ecosystem, which is crucial for protecting marine life. Scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change, allowing us to take action to protect our planet.
On the other hand, sea exploration also has some negative impacts. More exploration means more pollution. Oil spills and plastic pollution have killed many sea creatures and even affected our tap water. Mining for resources in the sea, especially in the Arctic, will further damage the fragile marine environment. Overfishing is another serious problem, which may lead to the extinction of some species.
In my opinion, we should strike a balance between sea exploration and protection. We need to develop more environmentally friendly exploration technologies to reduce pollution. At the same time, strict laws and regulations should be made to limit excessive exploitation. Only in this way can we ensure the sustainable development of sea exploration and the long - term health of the ocean.
一、詞組搭配練習題答案及解析
（一）Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the phrases above
答案：set sail
解析：“The explorers...on a journey to discover new lands.”，句子表達探險家們開啟發現新大陸的旅程，“set sail” 表示 “起航；開航”，符合語境，此處為一般現在時描述客觀計劃，所以填 “set sail”。
答案：in a league of its own
解析：“Our team is...in terms of innovation and creativity.”，說明團隊在創新和創造力方面獨樹一幟，“in a league of one’s own” 表示 “獨領風騷”，主語 “Our team” 是單數，所以 one’s 用 its，填 “in a league of its own” 。
答案：withdraw from
解析：“The company had to...the market because of fierce competition.”，由于激烈競爭公司不得不退出市場，“withdraw from” 表示 “退出；撤回”，“had to” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “withdraw from”。
答案：in hand
解析：“Make sure you have all the necessary documents...before the meeting.”，強調確保會議前手頭有所有必要文件，“in hand” 表示 “在手頭；可供使用”，所以填 “in hand”。
答案：press conference
解析：“The prime minister will hold a...to announce the new policy.”，總理舉行的用于宣布新政策的活動是記者招待會，“press conference” 表示 “記者招待會；新聞發布會”，所以填 “press conference”。
答案：at the mercy of
解析：“Fishermen are always...the weather.”，漁民的作業受天氣影響大，“be at the mercy of” 表示 “任由…… 擺布；受…… 支配”，所以填 “at the mercy of”。
答案：a mixture of
解析：“His painting is...different styles and techniques.”，描述他的畫是不同風格和技巧的融合，“a mixture of” 表示 “…… 的混合；結合體；混合物”，所以填 “a mixture of”。
答案：reach out across the sea
解析：“Nations should...to strengthen cultural exchanges.”，國家間為加強文化交流應進行跨洋互動，“reach out across the sea” 表示 “跨洋交流；跨海探索”，“should” 后接動詞原形，所以填 “reach out across the sea”。
答案：in return
解析：“She gave me a hand when I was in trouble, and I thanked her...”，她幫忙后 “我” 作為回報感謝她，“in return” 表示 “作為回報；作為交換”，所以填 “in return”。
答案：a sight to behold
解析：“The sunrise over the ocean is...”，海上日出是壯觀的景象，“a sight to behold” 表示 “壯觀的景象；引人注目的景象”，所以填 “a sight to behold”。
（二）Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases above
答案：The ancient sailing ship will set sail for the mysterious island tomorrow.
解析：“這艘古老的帆船” 翻譯為 “The ancient sailing ship”；“將起航前往” 用 “will set sail for”，“set sail” 表示 “起航”；“神秘的島嶼” 翻譯為 “the mysterious island”；“明天” 是 “tomorrow”。
答案：This talented musician is in a league of his own in music composition.
解析：“這位天才音樂家” 翻譯為 “This talented musician”；“在音樂創作方面” 翻譯為 “in music composition”；“獨領風騷” 用 “is in a league of his own”，主語是男性，所以用 his。
答案：They had to withdraw from the investment due to a shortage of funds.
解析：“他們” 翻譯為 “They”；“不得不” 用 “had to”；“撤回投資” 翻譯為 “withdraw from the investment”，“withdraw from” 表示 “撤回”；“由于資金短缺” 翻譯為 “due to a shortage of funds”。
答案：We have enough evidence in hand to prove his innocence.
解析：“我們” 翻譯為 “We”；“手頭有” 用 “have...in hand”；“足夠的證據” 翻譯為 “enough evidence”；“證明他的清白” 翻譯為 “prove his innocence”。
答案：The star will hold a press conference at the hotel.
解析：“明星” 翻譯為 “The star”；“將舉行” 翻譯為 “will hold”；“記者招待會” 翻譯為 “a press conference”；“在酒店” 翻譯為 “at the hotel”。
答案：The people in those poor areas are at the mercy of the bad weather.
解析：“那些貧困地區的人們” 翻譯為 “The people in those poor areas”；“受…… 支配” 用 “are at the mercy of”；“惡劣天氣” 翻譯為 “the bad weather”。
答案：This movie is a mixture of comedy and tragedy.
解析：“這部電影” 翻譯為 “This movie”；“是…… 的混合體” 翻譯為 “is a mixture of”；“喜劇與悲劇” 翻譯為 “comedy and tragedy”。
答案：Countries should reach out across the sea to jointly address ocean problems.
解析：“各國” 翻譯為 “Countries”；“應加強跨洋交流” 翻譯為 “should reach out across the sea”；“共同應對” 翻譯為 “jointly address”；“海洋問題” 翻譯為 “ocean problems”。
答案：He helped me carry my luggage, and I treated him to dinner in return.
解析：“他幫我搬運行李” 翻譯為 “He helped me carry my luggage”；“我請他吃飯” 翻譯為 “I treated him to dinner”；“作為回報” 翻譯為 “in return”。
答案：The city lights at night are a sight to behold.
解析：“夜晚的城市燈光” 翻譯為 “The city lights at night”；“是一道引人注目的景象” 翻譯為 “are a sight to behold”。
二、語法知識點練習題答案及解析
（一）Identify the function of the infinitives in the following sentences
答案：作主語
解析：“To see the ocean with my own eyes is my dream.” 中，“To see the ocean with my own eyes” 位于句首，直接充當句子的主語，表示 “親眼看到大海” 這個行為是 “我的夢想”，所以此處動詞不定式作主語。
答案：作表語
解析：“His goal is to sail around the world.” 里，“is” 是系動詞，“to sail around the world” 在系動詞后，說明主語 “His goal”（他的目標）的具體內容是 “環游世界”，因此動詞不定式作表語。
答案：作賓語
解析：“We plan to visit the aquarium this weekend.” 中，“plan” 是及物動詞，“to visit the aquarium this weekend” 跟在其后，是 “plan” 這個動作的對象，即 “計劃” 要做的事情，所以動詞不定式作賓語 。
答案：作賓語補足語
解析：“The captain ordered the crew to lower the sails.” 符合 “動詞 + 賓語 + 不定式” 結構，“ordered” 是謂語動詞，“the crew” 是賓語，“to lower the sails” 補充說明賓語 “the crew”（船員）要執行的動作，所以動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
答案：作定語
解析：“She has nothing to worry about.” 中，“to worry about” 放在 “nothing” 之后，“nothing” 是 “worry about” 邏輯上的賓語，即 “擔心的事情”，修飾 “nothing”，所以動詞不定式作定語。
答案：作目的狀語
解析：“He got up early to catch the first bus to the port.” 中，“to catch the first bus to the port” 表明 “got up early”（早起）的目的是 “趕上第一班去港口的公交車” ，所以動詞不定式作目的狀語。
（二）Rewrite the following sentences using it as the formal subject
答案：It requires a lot of knowledge to study marine biology.
解析：原句 “To study marine biology requires a lot of knowledge.” 中，動詞不定式 “To study marine biology” 作主語，用 it 作形式主語時，將真正的主語（動詞不定式）后置，原句謂語動詞 “requires” 不變，調整為 “It requires a lot of knowledge to study marine biology”。
答案：It is our responsibility to protect the sea from pollution.
解析：原句 “To protect the sea from pollution is our responsibility.” 中，“To protect the sea from pollution” 是主語，用 it 作形式主語后，將其移至句末，系動詞 “is” 和表語 “our responsibility” 位置不變，變為 “It is our responsibility to protect the sea from pollution”。
（三）Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
答案：to join
解析：“I hope...(join) the sea exploration team in the future.” 中，“hope” 是及物動詞，常用搭配 “hope to do sth.”（希望做某事），所以填 to join，表示 “希望加入海洋探索團隊”。
答案：not to waste
解析：“The teacher told us...(not waste) water from the sea.”，“tell” 常用結構為 “tell sb. to do sth.”（告訴某人做某事），其否定形式是在 to 前加 not，即 “tell sb. not to do sth.”（告訴某人不要做某事），所以填 not to waste，意為 “老師告訴我們不要浪費海水”。
答案：to set
解析：“They are making preparations...(set) sail next month.”，“make preparations to do sth.” 表示 “為做某事做準備”，這里表示為下個月起航做準備，所以填 to set。
三、重要句式句型分析翻譯練習題答案及解析
答案：Courage and determination often form the foundation of success.
解析：參照 “Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements.” 的結構，“勇氣和決心” 翻譯為 “Courage and determination” 作主語；“常常構成” 翻譯為 “often form”；“成功的基礎” 翻譯為 “the foundation of success” 。
答案：Although he withdrew from the competition, his spirit inspired many young people.
解析：依據 “Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.” 的結構，“盡管他退出了比賽” 翻譯為 “Although he withdrew from the competition”，“although” 引導讓步狀語從句；“但他的精神激勵著許多年輕人” 翻譯為 “his spirit inspired many young people” 作主句 。
答案：These ancient sea routes have been important channels for trade between the East and the West for the past few centuries.
解析：結合相關句式結構，“這些古老的航海路線” 翻譯為 “These ancient sea routes” 作主語；“在過去幾個世紀一直是” 用現在完成時 “have been”；“東西方貿易的重要通道” 翻譯為 “important channels for trade between the East and the West” 。

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