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Unit 6 When disaster strikers 知識(shí)梳理
2025-2026學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)新課標(biāo)（核心素養(yǎng)）同步大師課堂
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重點(diǎn)單詞與詞語(yǔ)
) (
知識(shí)點(diǎn)一
)
一、重點(diǎn)單詞
lost /l st/ adj. 丟失的
scared /ske d/ adj. 害怕的
shut / t/ v. 關(guān)閉
coach /k t / n. 公共馬車(chē)
shocking / k / adj. 駭人的
straight /stre t/ adv. 筆直地
flood /fl d/ n. 洪水
thick /θ k/ adj. 濃密的
smoke /sm k/ n. 煙
ash / / n. 灰燼
shower / a / n. 一陣（灑落物）
erupt / r pt/ v. 爆發(fā)
volcano /v l ke n / n. 火山
historical /h st r k l/ adj. 歷史的
hurricane / h r k n/ n. 颶風(fēng)
airline / e la n/ n. 航空公司
rainstorm / re nst m/ n. 暴風(fēng)雨
service / s v s/ n. 服務(wù)
motherland / m l nd/ n. 祖國(guó)
orchestra / k str / n. 管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)
warning / w n / n. 警告
community /k mju n ti/ n. 社區(qū)
alarm / lɑ m/ n. 警報(bào)器
increase / n kri s/ v. 增加
coast /k st/ n. 海岸
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海嘯
safety / se fti/ n. 安全
net /net/ n. 因特網(wǎng)
upcoming / pk m / adj. 即將發(fā)生的
operate / p re t/ v. 操作
drawback / dr b k/ n. 缺點(diǎn)
life-saving / la f se v / adj. 救命的
drone /dr n/ n. 無(wú)人機(jī)
iron / a n/ n. 鐵
fashion / f n/ n. 時(shí)尚
slim /sl m/ adj. 苗條的
bleed /bli d/ v. 流血
uncomfortable / n k mft bl/ adj. 不舒服的
shadow / d / n. 陰影
herself /h self/ pron. 她自己
torch /t t / n. 火炬
university / ju n v s ti/ n. 大學(xué)
courage / k r d / n. 勇氣
heroine / her n/ n. 女英雄
victim / v kt m/ n. 受害者
二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
natural disaster 自然災(zāi)害
volcanic eruption 火山爆發(fā)
earthquake /'3:0kwerk/n. 地震
tsunami /tsu:'na:mi/n. 海嘯
hurricane /'h^r k n/n. 颶風(fēng)
rainstorm /'re nst :m/n. 暴風(fēng)雨
ash / /n. 灰燼
smoke /sm k/n. 煙
flood /fl d/n. 洪水
disaster warning 災(zāi)害預(yù)警
save lives 拯救生命
get away from 逃離
leave...behind 把…… 留下
come out from the shadows 走出陰影
face...with courage 勇敢面對(duì)
in order to 為了
so as to 以便
be scared 害怕的
be shocked 震驚的
in fear 恐懼地
with hope 懷有希望地
feel brave 感到勇敢
be uncomfortable 不舒服的
lose one's life 失去生命
from side to side 左右搖晃
in heavy showers 大量地
take photos 拍照
provide information 提供信息
carry the torch 傳遞火炬
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重點(diǎn)句型
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知識(shí)點(diǎn)二
)all the time 一直
1.My mother and I were staying in a town near Pompeii.我和我的母親在龐貝城附近的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上住著。
2.That night,I was sleeping when the ground shook very hard.那天晚上，當(dāng)?shù)孛鎰×艺饎?dòng)時(shí)，我正在睡覺(jué)。
3.Just then, shocking things happened.就在那時(shí)，令人震驚的事情發(fā)生了。
4.The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers.
空氣中彌漫著煙霧，火山灰開(kāi)始紛紛揚(yáng)揚(yáng)地落下來(lái)。
5.People were trying to find their families in the dark.人們?cè)噲D在黑暗中找到他們的家人。
6.After a night of living between hope and fear, we had no thoughts of things to come.
在希望和恐懼之間度過(guò)一夜之后，我們根本沒(méi)心思去想會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情。
7.But we should always face them with courage.但我們應(yīng)該總是勇敢地面對(duì)它們。
8.As the writer Nora Ephron once said:"Above all, be the heroine of your life, not the victim."
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重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
)正如作家諾拉·伊芙倫曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“最重要的是，成為你生活中的女主角，而不是受害者。”
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知識(shí)點(diǎn)三
)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
我們?cè)撊绾伪磉_(dá) “昨天晚上 8 點(diǎn)我在看電視” 或 “當(dāng)時(shí)我在操場(chǎng)上打籃球” 這樣的意思呢？根據(jù)時(shí)間，我們可以判斷這些是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，是否可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表達(dá)呢？首先，請(qǐng)看例句：
What were you doing at 7 am yesterday
昨天早上7點(diǎn)你在做什么？
I was having breakfast.
我在吃早餐。
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，要表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，我們常使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。常和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then, at this /that time, yesterday, at... last night 等。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)除了表示 “過(guò)去某時(shí)刻 / 時(shí)段在做某事” 之外，還常常出現(xiàn)在講故事的語(yǔ)境中，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
Alice was sitting with her sister by the river.
艾麗斯正和姐姐坐在河邊。
They were having a tea party in the garden.
他們正在花園里舉行茶會(huì)。
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)句子中的謂語(yǔ)部分由 “was /were + 動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞” 構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)相似，只是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中的 am /is/are 變成了 was /were。由此同學(xué)們可以推斷，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式變化也與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一樣。請(qǐng)看下表：
肯定 否定 一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答 特殊疑問(wèn)句
I was reading a book at that time. I was not (wasn't) reading a book at that time. Were you reading a book at that time Yes, I was. / No, I was not (wasn't). What were you doing at that time
We were having a party at nine last night. We were not (weren't) having a party at nine last night. Were you having a party at nine last night Yes, we were. / No, we were not (weren't). What were you doing at nine last night
You were sleeping then. You were not (weren't) sleeping then. Were you sleeping then Yes, I was / we were. /No, I was not (wasn't) / we were not (weren't). What were you doing then
She was sitting with her sister by the river. She was not (wasn't) sitting with her sister by the river. Was she sitting with her sister by the river Yes, she was. / No, she was not (wasn't). What was she doing with her sister by the river
They were playing basketball at 4 pm yesterday. They were not (weren't) playing basketball at 4 pm yesterday. Were they playing basketball at 4 pm yesterday Yes, they were. / No, they were not (weren't). What were they doing at 4 pm yesterday
那么，如何區(qū)別并準(zhǔn)確使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)呢？試比較：
Laura was reading a novel at eight o'clock last night.
昨晚 8 點(diǎn) Laura 在看小說(shuō)。
Laura read a novel last night.
昨晚 Laura 看了一本小說(shuō)。
通過(guò)以上兩個(gè)例句可以看出：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)雖然都表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，但是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。
通過(guò)前面的例句，我們知道過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常和at... yesterday morning, at that time, at... last night 等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其實(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以和 when, while, as 引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用，形成復(fù)合句。請(qǐng)看例句：
One day, when Henry was working in a restaurant, a snake suddenly appeared.
一天，當(dāng) Henry 正在餐館里工作時(shí)，一條蛇突然鉆了出來(lái)。
While people were waiting for the traffic lights, a car suddenly appeared round the corner.
就在人們等待紅綠燈的時(shí)候，一輛汽車(chē)突然從拐角處駛出。
As the doctors were checking him, the pain got worse.
二天，醫(yī)生給他做檢查時(shí)，疼痛加劇了。
下面，讓我們來(lái)分析 when 和 while 引導(dǎo)的從句與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的幾種情況。
when 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)既可以指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可以指時(shí)間段；while 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)只指時(shí)間段。因此，在 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；而在 while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：
They arrived while we were having dinner. 我們吃飯的時(shí)候他們到了。
這句話還可以寫(xiě)成：They arrived when we were having dinner.
由 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，如果主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的時(shí)候另一個(gè)動(dòng)作 (突然) 發(fā)生了，強(qiáng)調(diào)后一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的突然性。請(qǐng)看例句：
We were talking when the teacher came in. 我們正在講話，老師 (突然) 進(jìn)來(lái)了。
該句也可以用 while 表達(dá)，但與用 when 表達(dá)有細(xì)微的區(qū)別.
請(qǐng)注意體會(huì)： While we were talking, the teacher came in. 我們正在講話的時(shí)候，老師進(jìn)來(lái)了。(只表明老師進(jìn)來(lái)的事實(shí)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)突然性)
當(dāng)主句和從句的動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用 while 引導(dǎo)。例如：
They were singing while we were dancing.
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重點(diǎn)知識(shí)
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知識(shí)點(diǎn)四
)他們?cè)诔瑁覀冊(cè)谔琛?br/>1、My mother was so scared. 我媽媽嚇壞了。
scared adj. 害怕的, 恐懼的，嚇壞的；常用的結(jié)構(gòu)為:
①be scared of sth. “害怕某物”
She’s scared of snakes. 她害怕蛇。
②be scared to do sth. “害怕做某事”
She is scared to go out at night. 她晚上不敢出門(mén)。
③be scared that“擔(dān)心”。
I am scared that he won’t come again. 我害怕他不會(huì)再來(lái)了。
scared 強(qiáng)調(diào)由外部原因引起的害怕或恐懼。恐懼的程度最輕
afraid 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自身感覺(jué)。偏向于長(zhǎng)期被恐懼的事物所影響
【辨析】
2、It turned day into night. 白天變成了黑夜。
turn. . . into. . . 把……變成……
【拓展】 常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):
When heated, ice can turn into water.
加熱時(shí),冰可以變成水。
Little lies may turn into big lies.
小謊言的慢慢積累也許就是彌天大謊。
3、The air was thick with smoke and ash began to fall in heavy showers. 空氣中彌漫著濃煙,火山灰開(kāi)始像陣雨一樣飄落下來(lái)。
thick adj. 濃密的;混濁的
【拓展】
【拓展】
thick用作形容詞,其反義詞是thin。
There’s thick ice on the lake.
湖面上結(jié)了厚厚的冰。
He had thick black hair.
他有著濃密烏黑的頭發(fā)。
4、China is one of many countries with disaster warning systems.中國(guó)是許多擁有災(zāi)害預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的國(guó)家之一。
warning n. 警告,警示；其動(dòng)詞為warn。
This doctor issued a warning against eating any fast food.
這位醫(yī)生發(fā)出警告說(shuō)不要吃任何快餐。
The warning signs on the road indicate a sharp turn ahead.
路上的警告標(biāo)志表明前方有一個(gè)急轉(zhuǎn)彎。
5、In communities,loud alarms go off. 在社區(qū),響亮的警報(bào)響起。
go off 發(fā)出巨響
【拓展】
You mustn’t go off on your own. 你們禁止單獨(dú)離開(kāi)。
The candle is going off. 蠟燭要熄滅了。
The alarm clock is going off. 鬧鐘響了。
This bag of milk has gone off. 這袋牛奶已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
6、Warning times for storms in China have been increased to 42 minutes,with more than 90% being correct. 中國(guó)的風(fēng)暴預(yù)警時(shí)間增加到42分鐘,正確率超過(guò)90%。
increase v. 增加;增大;提高
1)作名詞時(shí),意為“增大;增長(zhǎng)”;
People’s knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine is on the increase.
人們?cè)谥嗅t(yī)方面的知識(shí)正在增長(zhǎng)。
2)作動(dòng)詞時(shí),意為“增長(zhǎng);提高;增大”。
Maybe it’s a good idea to increase your activity for keeping your health.
為了保持健康,增加你的活動(dòng)量也許是個(gè)好主意。
【拓展】
on the increase 正在增長(zhǎng)
increase to增長(zhǎng)到 (接具體的數(shù)字,指增長(zhǎng)后的數(shù)量)
increase by增長(zhǎng)了 (接倍數(shù)、百分比等,指增幅))
7、During the 2021 Shanghai Fashion Week, a young, slim and confident woman with an iron leg drew everyone’s attention. 在2021上海時(shí)裝周上,一位年輕、苗條、自信的鐵腿女郎吸引了所有人的目光。
slim adj. 苗條的,修長(zhǎng)的；作形容詞;其反義詞為fat,意為“肥胖的”。
The young woman is tall and slim.
那個(gè)年輕女子個(gè)子高挑,身材苗條。
This dress makes me look fat.
這衣服我穿著顯胖。
8、But the disaster broke her dream. 但是這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難打破了她的夢(mèng)想。
break one’s dream 打破某人的夢(mèng)想；break的過(guò)去式為broke。
Losing the competition broke her dream of becoming a famous athlete.
輸?shù)舯荣惔蚱屏怂蔀橹\(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想。
The sudden financial crisis broke his dream of starting his own business.
突如其來(lái)的金融危機(jī)打破了他創(chuàng)業(yè)的夢(mèng)想。
【拓展】
9、It wasn’t comfortable, and her leg often bled. 這很不舒服,她的腿經(jīng)常流血。
bleed v. 流血,出血;也可以作名詞,意為“出血”。
Are you okay Sir, you’re bleeding.
你還好嗎 先生,你流血了。
She slowly bled to death.
她慢慢地失血死去。
10、People’s curious eyes made her even more uncomfortable. 人們好奇的目光使她更加不安。
uncomfortable意為“不舒服的”,作形容詞,其反義詞是comfortable,意為“舒服的”。
I was sitting in an extremely uncomfortable position.
我坐著的姿勢(shì)難受極了。
My room is small. However, it’s comfortable.
我的房間 (很)小。但它 (很)舒服。
【拓展】
uncomfortable的比較級(jí)為 more uncomfortable,最高級(jí)為 most uncomfortable
11、To her surprise, she received lots of encouraging words. 令她吃驚的是,她收到了許多鼓勵(lì)的話。
encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的,振奮人心的
encouraging意為“令人鼓舞的,振奮人心的”,作形容詞,經(jīng)常用來(lái)修飾物,常在句中作表語(yǔ)或名詞的定語(yǔ)。
encouraged作形容詞,主語(yǔ)通常是人,常在句中作表語(yǔ)。
encourage作動(dòng)詞,意為“鼓勵(lì)”,常用的搭配:encourage sb. to do sth. “鼓勵(lì)某人做某事”
We received some encouraging news about the school play, and it made everyone excited.
我們收到了有關(guān)學(xué)校話劇的一些鼓舞人心的消息,大家都很興奮。
Her parents encouraged her to study hard.
她的父母鼓勵(lì)她好好學(xué)習(xí)。
【拓展】以-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的常見(jiàn)同詞根形容詞
exciting令人興奮的 excited感到興奮的
relaxing使人放松的 relaxed放松的
interesting有趣的 interested感興趣的
surprising令人吃驚的 surprised吃驚的

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