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高中英語中兩種形式的同根副詞
英語副詞中，有一類很特殊，存在兩種形式：一種與對應形容詞同形；另一種在形容詞后加 -ly。二者同根同源，但在語義、場景和語法功能上有微妙關鍵差異。
1. close；closely
close 接近(指距離)
The two boats came close to each other in the harbor.
兩艘船在港口里彼此靠得很近。
closely 仔細地，密切地
She watched the experiment closely to record every detail.
她仔細地觀察實驗，記錄下每一個細節。
2. deep；deeply
deep 深(指實際深度)
The well is very deep. We need a long rope to get water.
這口井很深，我們需要一根長繩子來打水。
deeply 深刻地,深沉地
He was deeply moved by the touching story.
他被這個感人的故事深深打動了。
3. direct；directly
direct 徑直地（側重于空間或距離上不繞彎、不偏離方向 ）
The plane flew direct from New York to London without any stops.
這架飛機從紐約直飛倫敦，中途沒有停靠。
directly 直接地（方式）；坦率地；馬上；立刻
a. 表示方式上的直接
You should answer the question directly instead of beating around the bush.
你應該直接回答問題，而不是拐彎抹角。
b. 表示時間上的“馬上；立刻”
I'll call you back directly when I finish this meeting.
開完這個會，我立刻給你回電。
4. dead；deadly
dead完全地；絕對
The old man was dead tired after a day's hard work.
經過一天的辛苦勞作，老人完全累壞了。
deadly 非常；極其；死一般地。
He was deadly serious about the decision and wouldn't tolerate any jokes regarding it.
他對這個決定極其嚴肅認真，不容許任何關于此事的玩笑。
5. fair；fairly
fair 公平地；公正地；合理地
You should treat everyone fair.你應該公平地對待每個人。
fairly 相當；頗；還算
She speaks English fairly well.她英語說得相當好。
6. free；freely
free （免費地）
You can download this software for free from the official website.
你可以從官方網站免費下載這個軟件。
freely（自由地）
In this open-minded society, people can freely express their opinions without fear of being punished.
在這個思想開放的社會里，人們可以自由地表達自己的觀點，不用擔心受到懲罰。
7. hard；hardly
hard 努力地（常表示在體力或腦力上付出較大的力氣去做某事 ）；猛烈地（如雨下得大、風刮得大等）
He works hard to support his family.他努力工作來養家糊口。
It's blowing hard outside. You'd better stay indoors.外面風刮得很大，你最好待在室內。
hardly 幾乎不（表示否定，強調程度極低 ）
I can hardly understand what he is saying.我幾乎聽不懂他在說什么。
8. high；highly
high 高
The kite flew high in the sky.風箏在天空中飛得很高。
highly 高度地
She is highly regarded in the company for her excellent work.
她因為出色的工作在公司里受到高度評價。
9. late；lately
late 晚地；遲地（描述時間上超過預定的或正常的時間 ）
He was late for school again this morning.他今天早上上學又遲到了。
lately 最近；近來（用于描述過去不久到現在的一段時間
Lately, she has been spending a lot of time in the library.
最近，她一直在圖書館里待很長時間。
10. last；lastly
last最后；上一次，最近一次
Who spoke last 誰最后發言的？
I saw him last week.我上周見過他。
lastly最后；終于（用于列舉）
Firstly, we need to prepare the ingredients. Secondly, we start cooking. Lastly, we serve the dish.首先，我們需要準備食材。其次，我們開始烹飪。最后，我們上菜。
11. near；nearly
near 在附近；靠近（描述空間上的距離短 ）
There is a supermarket near my house.我家附近有一家超市。
nearly 幾乎；差不多（表示接近某個數量、程度或情況 ）
The movie is nearly over. Let's wait a few more minutes.電影快結束了，我們再等幾分鐘。
12. just；justly
just剛剛；正好；僅僅；只是；剛才
I've just had lunch.我剛吃過午飯。
The shoes fit me just right.這雙鞋我穿著正合適。
He is just a child.他只是個孩子。
justly 公正地；正當地；合理地
Everyone deserves to be treated justly, regardless of their background or status.
每個人都應該受到公平待遇，無論他們的背景或地位如何。
13. wide；widely
wide 寬闊
The river is very wide at this point.這條河在這個地方很寬。
widely 廣泛地
His ideas are widely accepted by people all over the world.
他的觀點被全世界的人廣泛接受。
14. slow；slowly
slow：緩慢地（多用于口語，尤其在祈使句中）
Walk slow—there’s ice on the ground. 慢點走 —— 地上有冰。
slowly：緩慢地（更正式，多用于書面語或正式語境）
The sun set slowly behind the mountains. 太陽緩緩地落到山后。
15. most；mostly
most：最；極其（常與形容詞或副詞連用，表程度或最高級）
This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。
mostly：主要地；多半地（強調 “大部分情況”）
The town’s population is mostly elderly. 這個小鎮的人口主要是老年人。
【即時訓練】
請用括號內的詞填空，補全句子
1. The scientists are __________ (close, closely) monitoring the progress of the experiment.
2. The two friends stood __________ (close, closely) to share the umbrella in the rain.
3. The well is dug __________ (deep, deeply) enough to reach the groundwater.
4. She __________ (deep, deeply) regrets not taking the opportunity to study abroad.
5. The bus goes __________ (direct, directly) from the station to the airport.
6. He looked at me __________ (direct, directly) and said, “I don’t believe you.”
7. After the long hike, we were __________ (dead, deadly) asleep within minutes.
8. The __________ (dead, deadly) silence in the room made everyone uncomfortable.
9. The judge promised to treat both parties __________ (fair, fairly).
10. The movie is __________ (fair, fairly) good, but not as great as the reviews say.
11. The museum offers __________ (free, freely) entry on weekends.
12. Children should be allowed to __________ (free, freely) express their creativity.
13. He __________ (hard, hardly) slept last night because of the noise.
14. If you work __________ (hard, hardly) enough, you’ll achieve your goals.
15. The balloon rose __________ (high, highly) into the sky until it disappeared.
16. The actor is __________ (high, highly) respected for his dedication to charity.
17. __________ (late, lately), I’ve been trying to learn how to play the guitar.
18. He stayed up __________ (late, lately) to finish writing his essay.
19. __________ (last, lastly), I want to thank my family for their constant support.
20. Who was the __________ (last, lastly) person to leave the classroom yesterday
21. The new café is __________ (near, nearly) my office, so I often go there for lunch.
22. We’re __________ (near, nearly) done with the project—just one more task left.
23. The teacher __________ (just, justly) punished the student for cheating.
24. I’ve __________ (just, justly) received a message from my sister.
25. The news spread __________ (wide, widely) across the country within hours.
26. She opened the window __________ (wide, widely) to let in some fresh air.
27. __________ (slow, slowly) does it—there’s no need to rush.
28. The cat __________ (slow, slowly) crept toward the mouse, waiting for the right moment.
29. The team is __________ (most, mostly) made up of students from the local university.
30. (2025·全國一卷) __________ (most, mostly) famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.
答案
1. closely 2. close 3. deep 4. deeply 5. direct 6. directly7. dead 8. deadly 9. fair 10. fairly 11. free 12. freely 13. hardly 14. hard 15. high 16. highly 17. Lately 18. late 19. Lastly 20. last 21. near 22. nearly 23. justly 24. just 25. widely 26. wide 27. Slow 28. slowly 29. mostly 30. Most
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