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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
初中英語語法：被動語態
一般現在時的被動語態
知識點1.
英語語態有主動語態和被動語態兩種。主語是動作的執行者，叫主動語態。
如： We clean the classroom. 我們打掃教室。
·主語是動作的承受者，叫被動語態。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被（我們）打掃。
知識點2.
被動語態的構成：助動詞be +及物動詞的過去分詞+（by+賓語）
·其中by意為“被……；由……”，表動作的執行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那個男孩打破的。
·be有人稱、數和時態的變化，其肯定式、否定式、疑問式的變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world （疑問式） Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
知識點3.
被動語態的結構：
肯定句：主語+ am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞 +(by+人代賓格 )+ 其他
eg .English is studied (by us ) every day.
否定句：主語+ am / is / are + not + 動詞的過去分詞 +(by+人代賓格 )+ 其他
eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.
疑問句：am / is / are + not +主語+ 動詞的過去分詞 +(by+人代賓格 )+ 其他
eg.Is English not studied (by us ) every day.
特殊疑問句：What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主語+動詞的過去分詞+ 其他
知識點4.
被動語態的用法：
·在沒有指明動作的執行者或者不知道動作執行者的情況下可用被動語態。
如：This coat is made of cotton.這件大衣是棉制的。
·要強調動作的承受者而不是執行者時，用被動語態。
如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行車被偷了。
知識點5.
主、被動語態的轉換：
主動語態：主語+及物動詞謂語動詞+賓語（+其它）
被動語態：主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+賓語（+其它）
注意：
1. 主動、被動互轉時，時態不變，但有人稱和數的變化。
·主動句的主語是代詞的主格形式，變成被動態by的賓語時，要用賓格形式。
·主動句的賓語是代詞的賓格形式，變成被動時，要轉換為主格。
如： (1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
2. 含有情態動詞的被動語態:情態動詞 + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 +（by+賓語）
如：The work can be done. 這項工作很容易做。
Other planets may be visited in the future. 將來其他的星球也會有人登陸。
3. 主動句中的賓語補足語如果是不帶to的不定式，在變被動句時，要加上to .使役動詞make/ have/ let sb do sth 及感官動詞see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth
如：they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them).
→ a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them).
一般過去時的被動語態
知識點1.
一般過去時的被動語態的概念及構成:
一般過去時的被動語態表示過去某一時間的被動動作或過去經常性、習慣性的被動動作，由“主語 + was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 + by + 動作執行者”構成，無需說明動作執行者時可省去“by + 動作執行者”。句中主語就是原主動語態的賓語，動作執行者就是原主動語態的主語。was, were的使用由主語的單復數形式而定，主語為第三人稱單數名詞、代詞或I時用was, 主語為復數名詞、代詞they或you時用were。如：
This bridge was built in October last year. 這座橋是去年十月份建的。
These cakes were made by my mother last night. 這些蛋糕是我媽媽昨天晚上做的。
The girl said she was often beaten by her brother. 女孩說她經常被她兄弟打。
知識點2．
一般過去時的被動語態句型的變換方法
一般過去時被動語態句型變換應圍繞was, were進行，否定形式應在其后加not, 一般疑問句形式應將其提至句首，特殊疑問句形式應將一般疑問句置于特殊疑問詞后面，反意疑問句形式應保留was / were。如：
His computer was not stolen by thieves last night. 他的電腦昨天晚上沒有被小偷偷走。
Was your homework finished in time yesterday evening 昨天晚上你及時完成家庭作業了嗎？
When was your letter written The day before yesterday 你的信是什么時候寫的？前天嗎？
Why was this problem not worked out by you 為什么你沒有解出這道試題？
Your bike was not repaired last night, was it 你的自行車昨晚沒有被修理，是嗎？
知識點3
一般過去時的被動語態疑問句的回答方法
一般過去時的被動語態的一般疑問句形式肯定回答用“Yes, ... was / were.”，否定回答用“No, ... wasn’t / weren’t.”; 特殊疑問句應抓住特殊疑問詞進行回答，可用簡略方法，也可用完整方法; 反意疑問句也應用“Yes, ... was / were.”或“No, ... wasn’t / weren’t.”進行回答。如：
—Was your office cleaned yesterday afternoon 你的辦公室昨天下午打掃了嗎？
—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 是的，打掃了。/ 不，沒有打掃。
—Were your rooms painted again last week 你的房間上周重新粉刷了嗎？
—Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t. 是的，重新粉刷了。/ 不，沒有重新粉刷。
—When was your brother sent to work in Beijing 你兄弟是什么時候被派到北京去工作的？
—Last year. / He was sent to work in Beijing last year. 去年。/ 他是去年被派到北京工作的。
—Where was the party held last Sunday 上周日聚會在哪兒舉行的？
—At home. / It was held at home. 在家里。/ 在家里舉行的。
—Your debt was paid off at last, wasn’t it 你所欠的債最終被還清了，是嗎？
—Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 是的，被還清了。/ 不，沒有被還清。
總結：
1.一般過去時的被動語態的構成：
句式 構成
肯定句 主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定句 主語+was/were+not+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他
一般疑問句 Was/Were +主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他？
特殊疑問句 疑問詞+was/were+主語+及物動詞的過去分詞+其他？
2.特殊形式的被動語態：make,let,與have, 感官動詞，help,動詞原形作賓補，被動語態要加to
一般將來時的被動語態
知識點1.
語態的概念
語態是表示主語和動詞之間的主動關系或被動關系的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者（施動者），被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者（受動者）。
知識點2．
一般將來時態的被動語態的基本結構的構成：
1．一般將來時態的被動語態的肯定式為：主語+shall / will + be done。(shall 用于第一人稱，will用于各種人稱) 如：
We shall / will be punished if we break the rule.
如果我們違反規定，我們將要受到懲罰。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
這部新電影將在下周四上映。
2．一般將來時態的被動語態的否定式為：主語+shall / will + not + be done.（可縮寫成shan’t或won’t）如：
The meeting won’t be held tomorrow.
明天不再舉行會議。
The exhibition won’t be put off till next week.
展覽會將不會推遲到下周。
3．一般將來時態的被動語態的一般疑問句句式：shall / will+主語+be done。（回答用yes或no）如：
Won’t water be turned into ice, if it is below freezing temperature
如果氣溫在冰點之下，水難道不會變成冰嗎？
---Will the work be finished at once ---Yes, it will.
---這項工作會立刻被完成嗎？ ---是的，立刻就完成。
4．一般將來時態的被動語態的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞 + shall / will + 主語 + be done。如：
When will these books be published
這些書將在什么時候被出版？
知識點3
一般將來時態的被動語態的其他結構構成：
1．主語+be going to +be done
Some old buildings are going to be put down.
一些舊的樓房將被推倒。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
這個問題將不在明天的會議上被討論。
---Are these trees going to be cut down？---Yes，they are.
---這些樹將被砍倒嗎？---是的，將被砍倒
2．主語+be to +be done
The meeting is to be held on April 10.
會議將于四月十日舉行。
The machines are not to be repaired tonight.
今晚將不會修理這些機器。
---Are new textbooks to be published next week？---No, they aren’t.
新教科書將在下周出版嗎？不，不是。
知識點4
一般將來時態的被動語態的用法：
1．一般將來時態的被動語態的同它的主動語態一樣，強調表示根據計劃或安排將要發生的被動性動作。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
這部新電影將在下周四上映。
A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing.
好多運動員將被邀請到北京來。
2．在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般現在時的被動語態代替一般將來時的被動語態。如：
When the dam is completed, the Changjiang River will be controlled.
當大壩竣工時，長江將得到控制。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足夠的時間，我將去日本度假。
3．表示有固定性條件就有規律性被動結果，常用shall / will be done結構。如：
Heated to 100·c, water will be turned into steam.
加熱到100度時，水將會變成蒸汽。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在課堂上講話，你將會被懲罰。
總結：
1.一般將來時的被動語態的構成：
肯定句式：
主語+ will +be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by+動作執行者）
be going to
否定形式：
will not
主語+ isn’t going to be+及物動詞的過去分詞（+by+動作的執行者）
aren’t going to
2.注意：
1.短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體，在變為被動語態時，不可丟掉構成短語動詞的介詞或副詞。
Eg. At last they put out the fire.他們最后把火撲滅了。
At last the fire was put out. 火最后被撲滅了。
2.帶有復合賓語的句子在變為被動結構時，（賓語補足語相應變成主語補足語）注意：主動語態中，若賓語補足語為不帶to 的不定式，在變為被動語態時必須帶to
Eg. Everybody called her Big Sister
She was called Big Sister by everybody
The engineer made the robot clean the room.
The robot was made to clean the room
鞏固練習
1. We are told that a new car factory _____ here next year.
A. will set up B. will be set up C. would set up D. would be set up
2. The 2008 Olympic Games _____ in Beijing; several big changes _____ in the capital city.
A. is held; will make B. will be held; will make
C. will be held; will be made D. is held; make
3. You _____ to take so much luggage with you on the plane.
A. will be allowed B. will allow C. won’t be allowed D. won’t allow
4. You _____ around our school this afternoon. Now, please have a good rest.
A. are shown B. were shown C. are going to be shown D. will show
5. Can you tell me by whom the talk _____ tomorrow
A. will give B. will be given C. give D. be given
6. These films ______ until tomorrow morning.
A. can't develop B. aren't developing C. won't be developed D. won't develop
7. Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
8. —A party is going to ______ tonight. Would you like to go with me
—I’d like to, but I have to look after my sick mother.
9. organize B. have been organized C. be organizing D. be organized
10. The water will be further polluted unless some measures ______.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
11. If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the sports meet ______ in the playground of our school.
A. is holding B. will hold C. will be held D. is to be holding
12. The problem ______ in the coming meeting.
A. is discussed B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. will be discussed
13. The mistakes in the exercises will ______ the teacher.
A.cross B.be crossing C.be crossed by D.cross by
14. If city noises ______ from increasing，people ______ shout to be heard even at dinner.
A.are not kept；will have to B.are not kept；have
C.do not keep；will have to D.do not keep；have to
15. The sports meeting ______ .
A.is put off B.is to put off C.is to be put off D.puts off
16. I need one more stamp before my collection ______.
A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed
17. The work ______ soon.
A. will be finished B. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes
答案：1-5BCCCB 6-10CBDB 11-15CDCAC 16-17DA
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