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廣東省深圳市紅山中學2024-2025學年高三上學期二模考試英語試題
一、閱讀理解A
（2024·深圳模擬）Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you.
·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines.
·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（裝飾） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries.
·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor.
·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking.
1．Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true
A．They are only native to Sri Lanka.
B．They enjoy great popularity among Westerners.
C．They smell pleasant, like fried nuts.
D．They play an important role in South Indian cuisine.
2．Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries
A．Mint and Basil. B．Basil and Shiso.
C．Curry leaves and Basil. D．Mint and Shiso.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook. B．An academic paper.
C．A botanical magazine. D．A commercial poster.
二、閱讀理解B
（2024·深圳模擬）For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (貧困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.
Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry (兒童口腔學) when a journey to his father's home — Balsabo in Brazil — converted his initial plan. "All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."
With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By posing a contrast. B．By reporting an event.
C．By assuming a situation. D．By making an appeal.
5．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with local s lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
6．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and creative. D．Charitable and dedicated.
7．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
三、閱讀理解C
（2024·深圳模擬）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world's foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. "What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in." His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he's set his sights on Qatar.
Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar's financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn't all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar's hot climate, Foster's team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to "reinvent the tall building." The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通風), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (鋁) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鰭), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a "low- scale master plan." They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
8．According to Foster's concept, what should tall buildings be like
A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical.
9．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A．They will function as a global financial center.
B．They are expected to be Qartar's tallest building.
C．They are Foster's most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D．They have four blocks with the same style and height.
10．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar's hot climate
A．Replacing the glass with "marine-grade" aluminum.
B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
11．What's the goal of "low- scale master plan"
A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue.
四、閱讀理解D
（2024·深圳模擬）The development of bigger brains has long been considered a characteristic of our species' increased intelligence and subsequent dominance (主宰) on this planet. The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.
The precise timing of that post-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until now. A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DeSilva's group calculated that human brains had remained roughly the same size in average volume, about 1,450 cubic centimeters, for roughly the past 150,000 years. That average rapidly dropped by around 10%, or up to 150 cubic centimeters, over the course of the last few millennia.
DeSilva's group found that not only did the human brain size shrink in general, but also it decreased relative to our body size, suggesting that brain size reduction isn't just a byproduct of our shrinking bodies.
Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering. DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.
The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.
"Like, computers used to be the size of a room, and now they fit in your pocket, so it is important not to relate brain size to smarts." DeSilva said.
12．What can be known about the human brain size
A．Our brain volume has been keeping increasing.
B．The size of human brain has dropped to 150 cubic centimeters.
C．Until now, the accurate timing of brain shrink is no longer mysterious.
D．Fossils and sample data are used to figure out the exact brain shrink period.
13．Which is not the reason for brain shrinkage
A．Appearance of agriculture. B．Decreased body size.
C．Developed human society. D．Improved brain mechanism.
14．What is DeSilva and his group's view on the reduction of human brain size
A．A smaller human brain is less smarter.
B．The reduction of human brain size is just a coincidence.
C．It is a result of brain's adjustment to social development.
D．The shrinkage of human brain relaxed us the need to store information.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons for a smarter brain.
B．Brain's mysteries to be revealed.
C．The precise timing of brain shrink.
D．Brain sizes changing circumstantially.
五、根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
（2024·深圳模擬）Short-form videolso known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels.　16． 　 However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.
The phenomenon known as "TikTok Brain" arises from the app's short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain's pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.　17． 　 They stimulated the brain's reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.　18． 　
According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前額葉皮質) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.　19． 　 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children's attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.　20． 　 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok's feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
六、閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
（2024·深圳模擬）My little niece was wandering through the garden in her home. Her father collected rare and precious plants, which he 21． with great care.
My niece was 22． by a plant full of blooming flowers. She approached it and admired its unique beauty. Suddenly she 23． that the plant was in a pile of filth(污穢). She could not put up with the 24． of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She figured out a plan to clean the plant. She 25． the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its 26． in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great 27． .
Later her father came to the garden and noticed the uprooted plant, which had lain 28． in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to 29． her achievement. "I have cleaned it, Daddy," she reported 30． .
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil provided the best 31． to grow that plant. On hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the 32． soil for each plant. 33． , God provides each of us with the best 34． required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be 35． and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21．A．attended to B．brought up C．looked out D．fed on
22．A．caught B．attacked C．attracted D．shocked
23．A．recalled B．recognized C．noticed D．concluded
24．A．shortage B．presence C．presentation D．composition
25．A．pulled B．picked C．held D．pushed
26．A．flowers B．roots C．leaves D．branches
27．A．project B．deal C．operation D．deed
28．A．boiling B．bathing C．breathing D．dying
29．A．confirm B．check C．exhibit D．assess
30．A．happily B．coldly C．fearfully D．patiently
31．A．shelter B．medicine C．agency D．medium
32．A．same B．right C．dirty D．loose
33．A．Moreover B．Similarly C．Rather D．Nevertheless
34．A．environment B．style C．neighborhood D．opportunity
35．A．invisible B．disorganized C．improper D．unpleasant
七、第二節(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
（2024·深圳模擬）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
As the popularity of traditional hanfu clothing rises,more young entrepreneurs are embracing the opportunity　36． 　(introduce)this cultural heritage to a wider audience.
Yang Ting,　37． 　95s-bom entrepreneur (創業者)and her friend QiQi,　38． 　used to work as teachers,embarked on a new journey by opening a hanfu dressing and makeup boutique (時裝精品小店)in the busy pedestrian street of the Grand Tang Dynasty Ever Bright City in Xi'an.
Yang explained that the process of dressing up in hanfu and having makeup done is not　39． 　(complicate). It begins with selecting the desired style of clothing, followed by　40． 　(consult)with makeup artists for the perfect look,which typically takes about an hour.
Since its opening in March 2023, their boutique　41． 　 (become)a hot spot, attracting hundreds of visitors　42． 　(day). The visitors, who gather to experience the charm of dressing up in ancient hanfu clothes,　43． 　(be)not only from different parts of China but also from countries such as South Korea, Japan, Russia, Nigeria, and Brazil.
Despite facing challenges in the early stages due to their lack　44． 　experience in operations.Yang and her co-partner kept on,gradually　45． 　(expand)their business.
Today,their hanfu dressing and makeup boutique has expanded 1o two stores,boasting a collection of nearly a thousand outfits.(Adapted from CHINADAJLY2024/04/11)
八、第一節應用文寫作(滿分15分)
46．（2024·深圳模擬）假定你是李華，上個月你們班在井岡山進行了五天的研學活動。請你給美國朋友 Simon 寫一封郵件分享這次研學之旅，內容包括：
1.研學經歷和見聞；
2.你的感想。
參考詞匯：研學 learning trip
注意：
1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Dear Simon,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
九、第二節讀后續寫(滿分25分)
47．（2024·深圳模擬）閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
"No, little girl. You can't get in without the money." Jeffrey, the bus driver, told a little girl who wanted to get on the bus but only had a few pennies. She must have been around seven years old, and he wasn't in the mood to deal with unaccompanied children that day.
"Please, sir. I want to visit my grandmother," the little girl begged. "Then go ask your parents for the money and come back next time," Jeffrey replied and gestured with his hand for the girl to get out. She finally left the bus with her shoulders lowered. Jeffrey saw her sit down at the bus stop and drove off.
He finished his route and went home for the lunch, greeting his wife, Greta, and sitting down on the couch to rest. When he browsed his Facebook posts, an image caught his attention. A picture was shared of the little girl he had just turned away a few hours earlier. The word "Missing" was written on top of the image. He learned that the girl had disappeared a day ago, and her parents were desperately trying to find her.
"Dear! What have I done " he asked himself, standing up and going to the front door. When Greta asked where he was going, Jeffrey said, "Greta! Quick! Call 911 and this number," showing her the picture of the girl. "I saw this girl at a bus stop earlier, and I turned her away because she didn't have enough money. I'm going to find her, but please make those calls." Having told her where the bus stop was, he went out.
Jeffrey rushed to his car, speeding to the bus stop. Hopefully, the girl was smart enough to stay in one place. He couldn't believe how careless he had been earlier. She was a little girl all alone. As he drove to the bus stop, Jeffrey vowed to be more careful in the future, especially when it came to children.
注意：
1. 續寫詞數應為150左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Finally, Jeffrey saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；科普類；應用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四種可用于食物和藥物的烹飪香草。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
1．細節理解題。根據"Curry leaves"所在段落"They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines."（它們是南印度菜肴的主要成分，其使用方法與月桂葉在西方菜肴中的使用方法相同。）可知它們在南印度菜肴中起到很大的作用。故選D。
2．細節理解題。根據"Shiso"所在段落"Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir-fries."（無論是紅葉還是綠葉，它都有多種用途：拌沙拉、泡綠茶或添加到炒菜中。）以及"Mint"所在段落中"Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir-fries."（薄荷葉柔軟翠綠，可用于烹飪和多種藥用目的，常用于薄荷茶等飲品以及越南和泰國炒菜等菜肴。）可知Mint和Shiso都可以用于茶飲和炒菜。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據第一段"Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in smll amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you."（烹飪香草是一種芳香植物，適合食用，少量使用可為菜肴增添美味。大多數草藥都可以在食物中找到，同時也有藥用價值。下面為你介紹四種草藥。）可知文章介紹了幾種香草的特點和用途，因此內容適合出現在植物雜志中。故選C。
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了巴西牙醫Felipe Rossi創建了非政府組織Porsorriso，致力于為貧困地區的低收入人群提供免費的口腔治療服務。盡管面臨資金和運營挑戰，Rossi及其團隊仍堅持幫助需要的人，傳遞健康微笑，增強當地民眾的自信。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
4．推理判斷題。根據第一段"For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (貧困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.(對我們中的一些人來說，去牙醫那里做例行檢查是一件很平常的事情。但對世界上許多人來說，尤其是那些生活在貧困地區的人來說，改善牙齒和檢查牙齒根本是不可能的。巴西牙醫費利佩·羅西致力于幫助改變這種狀況)"可知，文章開頭通過對比一些人定期去牙醫處進行常規檢查，而世界上很多人尤其是貧困地區的人們無法進行牙科治療和牙齒檢查的情況，引出了文章的主題，即巴西牙醫Felip e Rossi致力于幫助改變這種情況。因此，作者通過提出對比來引入文章的主題。故選A。
5．細節理解題。根據第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的當地人都能得到牙科護理，因此，很多人的牙齒都變形了，甚至掉了牙，導致很多人不敢張嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回憶道。‘一種渴望在我心中扎根。也就是說，用我的技能給患有牙病的人帶來健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi在巴西的Balsabo地區看到當地人沒有機會接受牙科治療，很多人因此牙齒變形或甚至失去牙齒，這激發了他提供牙科治療的決心；由此可知，是當地人缺乏牙科護理的情況促使Felipe為巴西人提供牙科治療。故選C。
6．推理判斷題。根據第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的當地人都能得到牙科護理，因此，很多人的牙齒都變形了，甚至掉了牙，導致很多人不敢張嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回憶道。‘一種渴望在我心中扎根。也就是說，用我的技能給患有牙病的人帶來健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi想要利用自己的技能為遭受牙科問題的人們帶來健康的笑容，這表明他具有慈善精神。在最后一段中"As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.(盡管目標崇高，Felipe承認Porsorriso正在‘掙扎著生存'，因為提供牙科治療的巨大成本和他們必須舉行的持續籌款活動以保持非政府組織的正常運作。‘雖然這很有挑戰性，但它確實給當地人帶來了健康的牙齒，并重新樹立了信心。無論我們面臨什么困難，我們都將繼續這一變革行動。'斐利貝帶著強烈的意志說)"可知，他承認Porsorriso的生存很困難，但他們將繼續進行這項改變性的行動，無論他們將面臨什么困難，這表明他具有奉獻精神。故選D。
7．細節理解題。根據第四段"Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.(贊助通常由兩家私人公司提供。個人也可以通過‘微笑團結'計劃捐款，他們可以選擇每月的捐款數額。Porsorriso還定期舉行籌款活動，為全國各地提供免費牙科服務)"可知，Porsorriso是由企業和個人提供經濟支持。故選C。
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；說明文；社會文化類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了建筑師Lord Norman Foster和他設計的卡塔爾Lusail Towers的背景和特點。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
8．細節理解題。根據第一段""What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in."("我們所做的是創造一種來自真實需求的認同感，"Foster說。"這不是一個時髦的想法，而是來自我們所處的現實。")"可知，根據Foster的概念，高層建筑應該是實用的。故選D。
9．細節理解題。根據第二段"Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings.(Foster設計的Lusail Towers目前接近完工，預計將達到301米的高度，有望成為卡塔爾最高建筑。)"可知，Lusail Towers有望成為卡塔爾最高的建筑，故選B。
10．細節理解題。根據第三段"The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通風), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (鋁) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.(該設計結合了先進的遮陽和通風，而塔樓的表面涂有"海洋級"鋁，包裹著建筑物，保護玻璃免受強烈的陽光照射，同時保持視野，仍然讓自然光進入。)"可知，給塔涂上一層非常規材料可以解決卡塔爾炎熱氣候帶來的挑戰。故選B。
11．推理判斷題。根據最后一段"According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.(根據Foster的說法，廣場的地面特征將在將該地區轉變為未來充滿活力的公共空間的目標中發揮重要作用。)"可知，小規模總體規劃的目標是為未來提供一個充滿活力的公共空間，故選C。
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．C
15．D
【知識點】細節理解題；說明文；科普類；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關于人類大腦大小隨著環境變化的研究以及背后的原因。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和主旨大意題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
12．細節理解題。根據第二段"A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.(根據6月份發表在《生態與進化前沿》雜志上的一項研究，由德西爾瓦領導的一組研究人員使用化石和現代樣本數據的混合來證實，這種灰質的喪失發生在3000到5000年前)"可知，化石和樣本數據被用來計算確切的腦萎縮時期。故選D。
13．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段"Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering.(許多人類學家解釋說，這些變化與大約1萬年前農業活動的出現以及全球從狩獵和采集的轉變相吻合)"以及倒數第二段"The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.(研究人員認為，也許在過去的幾千年里，我們需要保持一個大的大腦來記錄有關食物、社會關系和我們的環境的信息，因為我們可以將信息存儲在我們社交圈和群體的其他成員身上。我們對書籍、個人設備和互聯網的使用可能會加強這一趨勢)"可知，體型減小不是大腦萎縮的原因。故選B。
14．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段"DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.(DeSilva的研究小組指出，北非、中東和南美古代文明的繁榮時期，他們認為這些復雜的社會可能在縮小中發揮了作用)"可知，DeSilva和他的團隊認為人類大腦體積縮小是大腦適應社會發展的結果。故選C。
15．主旨大意題。根據第一段"The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.(在過去200萬年的進化中，我們的腦容量增加了近四倍。但越來越多的證據表明，我們的大腦最近以一種意想不到的方式發生了變化：在上一個冰河時代結束后的某個時候，它們的體積縮小了)"結合文章主要介紹了關于人類大腦大小隨著環境變化的研究以及背后的原因。可知，這篇文章的主旨是大腦大小隨環境變化。故選D。
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．E；19．C；20．D
【知識點】七選五；社會文化類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了短視頻對兒童和青少年大腦發展的影響。
備選項的中文意思：
A. 有些甚至根本不包含文字內容。
B. TikTok 的推送內容在設計上就容易讓人上癮。
C. 但它要到 25 歲左右才會完全成熟。
D. 使用屏幕時間管理工具來管理短視頻是有幫助的。
E. 短期記憶和集中注意力的能力會受到影響。
F. 研究揭示，這些視頻是經過個性化篩選后推送給用戶的。
G. 它們是簡短且引人注意的視頻，既有趣又容易讓人上癮。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。2. 首先快速瀏覽一遍幾個備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。七選五空出的是整個句子，而這些句子與句子之間，必然有一種聯系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性，從而選擇正確的答案。考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。4. 看選項，找出與空前空后句中心詞同義，近義或相關性的詞語。實現關鍵詞的對接，先易后難，各個突破。此外要通過句子的邏輯關系或句子的標點來判斷該句在文章的位置。5. 解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞，連詞等。如表示轉折關系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通讀全文。將所選項放入空白處，通讀一遍，看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。
16．根據下文"However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.(然而，越來越多的人擔心看太多短片會影響孩子的大腦)"中"However"可知，上下文有轉折關系，下文講短視頻的問題：會影響孩子的大腦"，G項"They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它們是簡短且引人注意的視頻，既有趣又容易讓人上癮。)"講短視頻的魅力，與下文構成轉折關系。故選G。
17．上文"A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一項研究調查了短視頻對青少年大腦的影響)"提到一個關于短視頻對青少年大腦的影響的研究，F項"It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.( 研究揭示，這些視頻是經過個性化篩選后推送給用戶的。)"承接上文，說明研究的結果，句中"It"指代上文"A study"，上下文語意連貫。故選F。
18．上文"Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒體平臺可能會對年輕用戶閱讀習慣的養成造成很大傷害)"指出社交媒體平臺對閱讀習慣的養成的影響，E項"Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期記憶和集中注意力的能力會受到影響。)"承接上文，說明其具體影響：影響短期記憶和集中注意力的能力，上下文語意連貫。故選E。
19．下文"This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(這種延遲發育使年輕人更容易受到short的影響)"中提到"This delayed development"，根據指代關系，上文會明確其指代的具體內容，C項"But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到 25 歲左右才會完全成熟。)"和上文"The prefrontal cortex (前額葉皮質) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前額葉皮層負責注意力、自我控制、記憶和學習靈活性)"告知，下文的"延遲發育"指的是"前額葉皮層的延遲發育"。故選C。
20．上文"To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(為了解決這個問題，父母可以和他們的孩子就潛在的風險進行開誠布公的交流)"提出解決問題的一個辦法：父母和孩子進行交流。D項"It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.(使用屏幕時間管理工具來管理短視頻是有幫助的。)"給出另一個辦法，建議使用屏幕時間管理工具。下文"Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.(此外，鼓勵體育活動和戶外活動對于發展平衡的生活方式也至關重要)"提出第三個建議：鼓勵體育活動和戶外活動。所以，D項與上下文構成并列關系，就如果解決問題給出切實可行的建議。故選D。
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知識點】名詞辨析；形容詞的詞義辨析；動詞的詞義辨析；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了小女孩好心辦了壞事，在看到美麗的花長在污泥中后，她把花從泥土中拔起，清洗了根部的泥土，差點讓花死掉，而父親教育她污泥恰是種植這株植物的最佳培養基。上帝實際上也為我們每個人提供了最佳的精神成長環境，雖然有時這種環境并不令人愉快。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義，最后對選項進行對比分析，選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文，把握大意。在開始答題之前，應先通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖，把握文章的整體思路，為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析，逐一排查。對于每一個空，要仔細分析所給的選項，逐一排查，選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下，完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等，要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文，理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案，這時需要結合上下文，理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析，確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多，如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時，要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
21．句意：她的父親收集了很多珍貴的稀有植物，他非常細心地照料這些植物。A. attended to照料；B. brought up撫養；C. looked out小心；D. fed on以……為食。此處which引導非限制性定語從句，對先行詞rare and prized plants作補充說明，先行詞在從句中作空處謂語的賓語，再結合下文"with great care"可知，她的父親應該是細心地照料這些珍貴的稀有植物。故選A。
22．句意：女孩被一株開滿嬌嫩花朵的植物所吸引。A. caught捕捉；B. attacked攻擊；C. attracted吸引；D. shocked（使）震驚。根據下文"She approached it and admired its striking beauty."可知，女孩走過去欣賞這株美麗的植物，因此是被它吸引。故選C。
23．句意：突然，她注意到這株植物長在一堆污泥中。A. recalled回憶起；B. recognized辨認出；C. noticed注意到；D. concluded得出結論。根據下文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可推知，植物長在一堆污泥中是女孩走近后注意到的情況。故選C。
24．句意：她不能容忍這樣美麗的花上存在泥土。A. shortage缺少；B. presence存在；C. presentation展示；D. composition組成。根據上文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可知，植物長在一堆污泥中，因此女孩是覺得花上不應該存在泥土。故選B。
25．句意：她用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來，用自來水沖洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干凈。A. pulled拔出；B. picked采，摘；C. held握著；D. pushed推。根據下文"the plant with all her might from the dirt"可推知，她是用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來。故選A。
26．句意：她用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來，用自來水沖洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干凈。A. flowers花；B. roots根；C. leaves葉子；D. branches樹枝。根據上文"She ___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt"和常識可知，從泥土里出來的植物根部會有泥土，因此是用自來水沖洗根部。故選B。
27．句意：然后，她把植物放在一塊干凈的石頭上便離開了，她為自己做了一件好事而自豪。A. project項目；B. deal交易；C. operation操作；D. deed行為。根據上文"She___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its___6___ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away."可知，女孩想辦法清除了這株植物上的泥土，由此推之，她會覺得自己為植物做了件好事，do a good deed是固定短語，意為"做一件好事"。故選D。
28．句意：后來，她的父親來到花園，發現了那棵被連根拔起的植物，它已經在烈日下奄奄一息了。A. boiling（使）沸騰；B. bathing洗澡；C. breathing呼吸；D. dying死亡。根據下文"The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant"可知，被連根拔起的植物在烈日下快死了。故選D。
29．句意：他的小女兒跑過來展示她的成就。A. confirm確認；B. check檢查；C. exhibit展示；D. assess評估。根據上文"proud that she had done a great___7___"可知，女孩對自己做的事情感到很驕傲，因此會向父親展示自己的成就。故選C。
30．句意："爸爸，我把它清理干凈了。"她高興地說。A. happily高興地；B.coldly冷淡地；C. fearfully可怕地；D. patiently耐心地。根據上文"I have cleaned it, Daddy"可知，女孩認為自己清理了這株植物上的污泥，是做了正確的事情，卻不知道自己犯了錯誤，因此是高興地說話。故選A。
31．句意：父親告訴她，她的處理方法幾乎殺死了那株植物，并告訴她污穢的泥土是種植那株植物的最佳培養基。A. shelter庇護所；B. medicine藥物；C. agency機構；D. medium培養基。根據上文"the filthy soil"和下文"to grow that plant"可推知，污穢的泥土應該是種植該植物的最佳培養基。故選D。
32．句意：一個好的園丁會為每種植物混合合適的土壤。A. same相同的；B. right合適的；C. dirty臟的；D. loose松的。根據上文"A great gardener"可推知，好的園丁熟知植物的習性，會為植物混合合適的土壤。故選B。
33．句意：同樣，上帝也為我們每個人提供最佳的精神成長環境。A. Moreover此外；B. Similarly類似地；C. Rather相反地；D. Nevertheless然而。根據上文"A great gardener mixes the___12___ soil for each plant."和下文"God provides each of us with the best___14___ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth."可知，作者從園丁培育植物談到上帝培育人的精神成長，兩者有相似之處，應用Similarly"類似地"來銜接。故選B。
34．句意：同樣，上帝也為我們每個人提供最佳的精神成長環境。A. environment環境；B. style風格；C. neighbourhood街區；D. opportunity機會。根據上文"soil for each plant"可推知，此處是類比，土壤之于植物，正如環境之于人。故選A。
35．句意：但它可能看起來不愉快，我們甚至可能向上帝抱怨我們的困難。A. invisible看不見的；B. disorganized混亂的；C. improper不適當的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根據下文"we may even complain to God about our difficulty"可知，我們可能會向上帝抱怨我們的困難，因此指它可能看起來不愉快。故選D。
【答案】36．to introduce；37．a；38．who；39．complicated；40．consulting；41．has become；42．daily；43．are；44．in；45．expanding
【知識點】不定冠詞；關系代詞引導定語從句的用法；動詞不定式；新聞報道類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文（新聞報道）。文章主要報道了關于年輕創業者楊婷和她的朋友琪琪在西安開設漢服梳妝打扮精品小店的故事，介紹了她們的業務內容、小店的發展情況以及吸引的游客群體等。
【點評】考查語法填空。本題考點涉及動詞不定式，冠詞，定語從句，形容詞，非謂語動詞，時態，主謂一致，副詞以及介詞等多個知識點的考查。要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。語法填空實用解題策略如下。一、分析句子結構。在面對語法填空題時，首先要做的是分析句子的結構。觀察句子中的主語、謂語、賓語等主要成分，以及是否有從句、非謂語動詞等復雜結構。通過理解句子結構，可以更好地把握填空處所需的詞性和功能。二、確定詞性變化。根據句子結構和語境，確定填空處所需的詞性。然后，根據語法規則，考慮所需的詞性是否需要進行變化，如名詞的單復數、動詞的時態和語態、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級等。確保所填詞匯在語法上與句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢記固定搭配。英語中存在大量的固定搭配和短語，這些搭配在語法填空題中經常出現。因此，需要牢記常見的固定搭配和短語，以便在解題時能夠迅速識別并正確填空。四、注意時態語態。時態和語態是英語語法填空的重要考點。在解題時，要注意根據句子的語境和上下文，判斷所需動詞的時態和語態。同時，也要注意時態和語態的一致性，確保所填詞匯與句子的時態和語態相符。五、理解上下文語境。語境對于語法填空題的解答至關重要。通過理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空處所需的詞匯和語法結構。因此，在解題時，要仔細閱讀句子的前后文，把握句子的整體意義，以便更好地填空。六、利用常識和邏輯。在某些情況下，可以利用常識和邏輯來解答語法填空題。例如，根據常識判斷所填詞匯是否符合常理，或者根據邏輯判斷所填詞匯是否與前后的句子內容相符合。通過利用常識和邏輯，可以更加準確地填空。
36．句意：隨著傳統漢服的流行度日益提升，越來越多的年輕創業者正抓住這一機遇，將這份文化遺產介紹給更廣泛的受眾。 introduce， 介紹/引進/提出/采用，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞opportunity，此處表示"做某事的機會"，the opportunity to do sth，固定搭配，符合語境，故空處應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填to introduce。
37．句意：楊婷，一位95后創業者，與她的朋友琪琪（兩人曾是教師）在西安大唐不夜城繁華的步行街上開設了一家漢服梳妝打扮精品小店，開啟了一段新的旅程。此處泛指"一位95后創業者"，且空后95s以輔音音素發音開頭，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
38．句意：楊婷，一位95后創業者，與她的朋友琪琪（兩人曾是教師）在西安大唐不夜城繁華的步行街上開設了一家漢服梳妝打扮精品小店，開啟了一段新的旅程。空處在句中引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Yang Ting and her friend QiQi，指人，且在非限制性定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導非限制性定語從句。故填who。
39．句意：楊婷解釋說，穿上漢服并進行梳妝打扮的過程并不復雜。complicate， 使復雜化/使難懂/使卷入，動詞。空處在句中做表語，空處表示"復雜的"，complicated，形容詞，符合語境。故填complicated。
40．句意：它始于挑選心儀的服飾款式，隨后是與化妝師溝通以打造出完美的妝容，整個過程通常需要大約一個小時。consult，咨詢/請教/商量，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中做介詞by的賓語，應用動名詞形式。故填consulting。
41．句意：自2023年3月開業以來，她們的小店已成為一個熱門景點，每日吸引著數百名游客。become，變成，動詞。空處為句子的謂語，根據句中時間狀語since its opening in March 2023可知，謂語時態為現在完成時，結構為has/have+過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語their boutique為單數，故助動詞應用has。故填has become。
42．句意：自2023年3月開業以來，她們的小店已成為一個熱門景點，每日吸引著數百名游客。day，日子/天，可數名詞。空處在句中作狀語修飾動詞attracting，空處表示"每日地"，daily，副詞，符合語境。故填daily。
43．句意：這些游客聚集在此，是為了體驗穿上古代漢服所帶來的魅力。他們不僅來自中國的各個地區，還來自韓國、日本、俄羅斯、尼日利亞和巴西等國家。空處為主句的謂語，根據時態呼應原則以及 gather可知，主句謂語時態為一般現在時，根據主謂一致原則，主語the visitors為復數，故be動詞應用are。故填are。
44．句意：盡管在初期階段由于缺乏運營經驗而面臨挑戰，但楊婷和她的合作伙伴堅持不懈，逐步擴大了她們的業務。此處表示"缺乏..."，lack in，固定短語，符合語境。故填in。
45．句意：盡管在初期階段由于缺乏運營經驗而面臨挑戰，但楊婷和她的合作伙伴堅持不懈，逐步擴大了她們的業務。expand，擴散/蔓延/擴展，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中作狀語，此處表示由主句所產生的自然而然的結果，用現在分詞形式做結果狀語。故填expanding。
46．【答案】Dear Simon,
I can't wait to share my recent adventure with you. Last month, our class embarked on a five-day learning trip to Jinggang Mountain. It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening.
Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes. Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication.
The highlight was meeting the descendants of these heroes. Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real. It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity.
This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. I now appreciate the value of perseverance and the importance of our national heritage.
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知識點】文字式應用文
【解析】【分析】本題是一篇應用文寫作，要求考生以李華的身份給美國朋友 Simon寫信分享班級的井岡山研學之旅。寫作背景：李華的班級于上個月在井岡山進行了五天的研學活動。內容包括：1. 闡述寫作目的；2. 闡述研學經歷和見聞；3. 闡述自己的感悟。注意：1. 時態為一般過去時；2.注意不要遺漏寫作要點，詳略得當，可適當拓展，突出寫作重點；3. 注意語句表達規范流暢，邏輯正確，條理清晰，語義連貫；4. 不能使用真實的名稱；5. 寫作詞數為80個左右。本題對于考生的綜合能力要求較高，要求考生有很強的謀篇布局的能力和組織要點的能力。需要注意緊扣文章主題，給出的要點都需要包括。寫作時注意準確運用時態，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關系。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使作文顯得更有檔次。【點評】本篇書面表達表達上要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用了一定數量的句式結構，讓句子表達更加生動傳神，同時使用了較多的高級詞匯和固定短語，提高了文章的檔次，體現了對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力。例如： It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening. （運用了not...but...連接的并列結構）；Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes.（運用了介詞短語做時間狀語）； Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication. （運用了省略了that/which引導的定語從句）；Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real.（運用了現在分詞短語作狀語）； It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity. （運用了where引導的定語從句）； This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. （運用了that引導的同位語從句）。
47．【答案】 Finally, he saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot. Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. He inquired about her name and why she had left home. "I was going to Grandma's house. My mom wouldn't let me go." Sarah replied, swinging one of her feet and looking at the concrete floor. "Your parents are searching for you, and they'll be here soon," he assured her, and the little girl gave him a small smile.
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached them. A woman got out of the vehicle and rushed toward Sarah. The little girl got up and ran to her, yelling, "Mommy!" The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.
【知識點】文字式記敘文；讀后續寫
【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達是讀后續寫。通過閱讀文章可知，該篇記敘文以人物為線索展開，講述了公交車司機Jeffrey一開始拒絕讓沒有錢的小女孩上車，后來他在Facebook上看到女孩失蹤的消息，意識到自己的錯誤并努力將她找回的故事。段落續寫：由第一段首句內容"最后，他看見一個小小的身影坐在原地的長凳上。"可知，第一段可描寫Jeffrey抵達公交站并發現小女孩仍然坐在那里的情形以及他對自己行為的反思。由第二段首句內容"幾分鐘后，警察和另一輛車靠近了他們。"可知，第二段可描寫小女孩與她的父母團聚的感人瞬間，以及他們對Jeffrey的感謝及Jeffrey的變化。續寫線索：車站看到小姑娘——感到欣慰——安慰小姑娘——女孩與父母團聚——女孩父母感謝——Jeffrey的變化。寫作時要注意準確運用時態，上下文意思要連貫，符合句際間和段際間的邏輯關系，盡量使用自己熟悉的詞匯及句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型來提升文章的檔次。【點評】1. 本篇書面表達表達上要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用了一定數量的句式結構，讓句子表達更加生動傳神，同時使用了較多的高級詞匯和固定短語，提高了文章的檔次，體現了對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力。 例如： Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. （運用了動詞不定式做原因狀語）；Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. （運用了現在分詞短語作狀語）； He inquired about her name and why she had left home. （運用了why引導的賓語從句）； The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. （運用了how引導的賓語從句）； Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. （運用了what引導的賓語從句）；From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.（運用了who&that引導的定語從句以及because引導的原因狀語從句）。
2. 讀后續寫步驟如下
（1）精讀文章，確定文章線索。每篇文章都有各自獨特的寫作思路，通過精讀文章，找到該篇文章的寫作線索，比如是以時間為線索還是以空間為線索等，這樣有利于考生"順藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔細審題，明確續寫要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有對此短文續寫的具體要求，如字數限制、使用幾處下劃線關鍵詞語、續寫段落的首句提示，這樣考生能做到"心中有數"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩續寫思路。根據文章后面的要求，再次快速回讀短文，抓住文章的思路，結合段首的提示語，最終確定續寫段落的思路，同時結合文章劃線詞語提示，確定續寫段落的內容。
（4）擬寫草稿，修改錯詞病句。在確定了思路和內容之后，最關鍵的就是結合提示語或者文中劃線的關鍵詞語擬寫草稿。擬寫時，注意句子結構的多樣性、語言的豐富性，并通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用，使上下文連貫。
（5）標出續寫部分中使用到的原材料中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語。這一點可以幫助考生檢查關鍵詞語的使用情況并根據情況做出修改。最后在謄寫文字時，務必做到字跡工整與清晰。
3. 在做此類試題時，讀到適當的位置，可以短暫停頓，根據已讀部分文章的脈絡，對文章進行發散思維，設想可能的幾種結尾；經常實施微型化訓練，也就是對所讀文章的某一段落進行設想。根據某段落的首句提示，結合文章的上文對該段進行合理設想，推斷該段可能要講述的內容。
1 / 1廣東省深圳市紅山中學2024-2025學年高三上學期二模考試英語試題
一、閱讀理解A
（2024·深圳模擬）Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in small amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you.
·Curry leaves The curry tree is native to India and Sri Lanka The leaves are dark green and shiny, releasing a pleasant nut- like scent when they are fried in oil. They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines.
·Shiso Shiso is a Japanese herb with a unique flavor, whose green leaves are often used as a garnish（裝飾） for traditional Japanese dishes. Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir- fries.
·Basil Basil has shiny, deep green, pointed leaves and a sweet- and- savory flavor, which is used in both fresh and dried forms to flavor dishes ranging from Italian sauces to meat dishes to Asian curries. When cooking, add it towards the end to maintain flavor.
·Mint Mint has a delicately sweet flavor and creates a distinct cooling feeling due to the menthol（薄荷醇） in the herb. Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir- fries While dried mint is used in tea making, fresh mint is the preferred form of the herb for cooking.
1．Which of the following statement about Curry leaves is true
A．They are only native to Sri Lanka.
B．They enjoy great popularity among Westerners.
C．They smell pleasant, like fried nuts.
D．They play an important role in South Indian cuisine.
2．Which herbs can be used both in tea drinks and stir- fries
A．Mint and Basil. B．Basil and Shiso.
C．Curry leaves and Basil. D．Mint and Shiso.
3．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A biology textbook. B．An academic paper.
C．A botanical magazine. D．A commercial poster.
【答案】1．D
2．D
3．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；科普類；應用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四種可用于食物和藥物的烹飪香草。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
1．細節理解題。根據"Curry leaves"所在段落"They are a main component of South Indian cuisine, used in the same way as bay leaves are in Western cuisines."（它們是南印度菜肴的主要成分，其使用方法與月桂葉在西方菜肴中的使用方法相同。）可知它們在南印度菜肴中起到很大的作用。故選D。
2．細節理解題。根據"Shiso"所在段落"Whether red or green, it can be used in various other ways: mixed into salads, put into green tea, or added to stir-fries."（無論是紅葉還是綠葉，它都有多種用途：拌沙拉、泡綠茶或添加到炒菜中。）以及"Mint"所在段落中"Used for cooking and a variety of medicinal purposes, mint has soft, bright green leaves that are commonly used in drinks like mint tea, as well as dishes like Vietnamese and Thai stir-fries."（薄荷葉柔軟翠綠，可用于烹飪和多種藥用目的，常用于薄荷茶等飲品以及越南和泰國炒菜等菜肴。）可知Mint和Shiso都可以用于茶飲和炒菜。故選D。
3．推理判斷題。根據第一段"Culinary herbs are fragrant plants which are fit to eat and used in smll amounts to add favor to dishes. Most herbs are found in food and also have medicinal uses. There are four herbs for you."（烹飪香草是一種芳香植物，適合食用，少量使用可為菜肴增添美味。大多數草藥都可以在食物中找到，同時也有藥用價值。下面為你介紹四種草藥。）可知文章介紹了幾種香草的特點和用途，因此內容適合出現在植物雜志中。故選C。
二、閱讀理解B
（2024·深圳模擬）For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (貧困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.
Growing up in USA, Felipe Rossi had just obtained the Bachelor of Medicine Degree and was about to start a master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry (兒童口腔學) when a journey to his father's home — Balsabo in Brazil — converted his initial plan. "All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."
With the support of his parents, Felipe formed an NGO (non-government organization) called Porsorriso to give free oral treatments to individuals with low incomes who require cleaning. fillings, crowns, restoration work and more. His team is composed of approximately 30 registered volunteers who go with him to poor towns and villages in Brazil.
Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.
As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.
4．How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A．By posing a contrast. B．By reporting an event.
C．By assuming a situation. D．By making an appeal.
5．What motivated Felipe to offer dental treatments to Brazilians
A．The support from his parents.
B．The passion for dental health.
C．The encounter with local s lacking dental care.
D．The professional skills and knowledge from college.
6．Which of the following can best describe Felipe Rossi
A．Hopeful and diligent. B．Faithful and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and creative. D．Charitable and dedicated.
7．What do we know about Porsorriso
A．It gives free oral treatments to anyone in need.
B．It is cooperated by Felipe Rossi and the local authority.
C．It is financially supported by corporations and individuals.
D．It holds regular fundraisers to educate people about dental care.
【答案】4．A
5．C
6．D
7．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了巴西牙醫Felipe Rossi創建了非政府組織Porsorriso，致力于為貧困地區的低收入人群提供免費的口腔治療服務。盡管面臨資金和運營挑戰，Rossi及其團隊仍堅持幫助需要的人，傳遞健康微笑，增強當地民眾的自信。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
4．推理判斷題。根據第一段"For some of us, going to the dentist for routine check-ups is a thing of the ordinary. But for many people around the world, especially those in impoverished (貧困的) areas, having dental improvement and their teeth checked simply isn't possible. A Brazilian dentist Felipe Rossi has devoted himself to helping changing that situation.(對我們中的一些人來說，去牙醫那里做例行檢查是一件很平常的事情。但對世界上許多人來說，尤其是那些生活在貧困地區的人來說，改善牙齒和檢查牙齒根本是不可能的。巴西牙醫費利佩·羅西致力于幫助改變這種狀況)"可知，文章開頭通過對比一些人定期去牙醫處進行常規檢查，而世界上很多人尤其是貧困地區的人們無法進行牙科治療和牙齒檢查的情況，引出了文章的主題，即巴西牙醫Felip e Rossi致力于幫助改變這種情況。因此，作者通過提出對比來引入文章的主題。故選A。
5．細節理解題。根據第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的當地人都能得到牙科護理，因此，很多人的牙齒都變形了，甚至掉了牙，導致很多人不敢張嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回憶道。‘一種渴望在我心中扎根。也就是說，用我的技能給患有牙病的人帶來健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi在巴西的Balsabo地區看到當地人沒有機會接受牙科治療，很多人因此牙齒變形或甚至失去牙齒，這激發了他提供牙科治療的決心；由此可知，是當地人缺乏牙科護理的情況促使Felipe為巴西人提供牙科治療。故選C。
6．推理判斷題。根據第二段""All locals didn't have access to dental care, and consequently, many of them suffered deformed teeth or even loss of teeth, leading to many people not daring to laugh with mouth open." Felipe Rossi recalled. "A desire was planted in my heart. That is, to use my skills to bring healthy smiles to people suffering from dental problems."(‘并不是所有的當地人都能得到牙科護理，因此，很多人的牙齒都變形了，甚至掉了牙，導致很多人不敢張嘴笑。'Felipe Rossi回憶道。‘一種渴望在我心中扎根。也就是說，用我的技能給患有牙病的人帶來健康的微笑。')"可知，Felipe Rossi想要利用自己的技能為遭受牙科問題的人們帶來健康的笑容，這表明他具有慈善精神。在最后一段中"As noble as its objective is, Felipe admits that Porsorriso is "struggling to survive" because of the huge cost of providing dental work and the constant fundraising events they have to hold to keep the NGO in normal functioning. "Challenging as it is, it did bring healthy teeth as well as renewed confidence to the locals. We will continue this transformative act whatever difficulties we will face". Felipe said with a strong will.(盡管目標崇高，Felipe承認Porsorriso正在‘掙扎著生存'，因為提供牙科治療的巨大成本和他們必須舉行的持續籌款活動以保持非政府組織的正常運作。‘雖然這很有挑戰性，但它確實給當地人帶來了健康的牙齒，并重新樹立了信心。無論我們面臨什么困難，我們都將繼續這一變革行動。'斐利貝帶著強烈的意志說)"可知，他承認Porsorriso的生存很困難，但他們將繼續進行這項改變性的行動，無論他們將面臨什么困難，這表明他具有奉獻精神。故選D。
7．細節理解題。根據第四段"Sponsorship is generally provided by two private companies. Individuals may also make donations through the ‘Smile Solidarity' program, where they can choose monthly amounts to contribute. Porsorriso also holds regular fundraisers to afford the cost of providing free dental services around the country.(贊助通常由兩家私人公司提供。個人也可以通過‘微笑團結'計劃捐款，他們可以選擇每月的捐款數額。Porsorriso還定期舉行籌款活動，為全國各地提供免費牙科服務)"可知，Porsorriso是由企業和個人提供經濟支持。故選C。
三、閱讀理解C
（2024·深圳模擬）Lord Norman Foster, renowned as one of the world's foremost architects, has devoted decades to redefining the concept of tall buildings. "What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in." His masterpiece includes iconic structures such as the HSBC building in Hong Kong. Now, he's set his sights on Qatar.
Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings. Lusail Towers are intended to serve as a center for Oatar's financial institutions, with four distinctive blocks, two standing at 70 stories and two at 50 stories.
But the construction itself wasn't all plain sailing. To address the unique challenges presented by Oatar's hot climate, Foster's team had to depart from the materials commonly used in skyscrapers in cooler countries—— part of what Foster called a decades- long quest to "reinvent the tall building." The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通風), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (鋁) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light. Central to the project are special shading fins (鰭), which not only optimize views and natural lighting for occupants but reduce solar radiation by 70% compared to traditional all- glass towers.
While the towers are ready to become a recognizable landmark for Lusail, Foster believes that a city's skyline reflects what lies beneath the surface. It was crucial to integrate the towers into a "low- scale master plan." They are strategically positioned on top of a subway line and at the end of a commercial avenue linking the waterfront to the nearby football stadium. According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.
8．According to Foster's concept, what should tall buildings be like
A．Creative. B．Identical. C．Fashionable. D．Practical.
9．What can we learn about the Lusail Towers
A．They will function as a global financial center.
B．They are expected to be Qartar's tallest building.
C．They are Foster's most renowned iconic masterpiece.
D．They have four blocks with the same style and height.
10．What was the solution to the challenges caused by Qatar's hot climate
A．Replacing the glass with "marine-grade" aluminum.
B．Coating the tower with an unconventional material.
C．Reducing the views and natural lighting with shading fins.
D．Protecting the glass from natural light and solar radiation.
11．What's the goal of "low- scale master plan"
A．To link the waterfront to the football stadium.
B．To create a remarkable plaza for the citizens.
C．To offer a dynamic public space for the future.
D．To connect a subway and a commercial avenue.
【答案】8．D
9．B
10．B
11．C
【知識點】推理判斷題；細節理解題；說明文；社會文化類
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了建筑師Lord Norman Foster和他設計的卡塔爾Lusail Towers的背景和特點。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。
8．細節理解題。根據第一段""What we've done is create a sense of identify draw n from real needs," Foster said. "It's not a fashionable idea, but generated from the realities we were in."("我們所做的是創造一種來自真實需求的認同感，"Foster說。"這不是一個時髦的想法，而是來自我們所處的現實。")"可知，根據Foster的概念，高層建筑應該是實用的。故選D。
9．細節理解題。根據第二段"Currently nearing completion and set to reach a height of 301 meters, Foster's Lusail Towers are ready to claim the title of Oatar's tallest buildings.(Foster設計的Lusail Towers目前接近完工，預計將達到301米的高度，有望成為卡塔爾最高建筑。)"可知，Lusail Towers有望成為卡塔爾最高的建筑，故選B。
10．細節理解題。根據第三段"The design combines advanced shading with ventilation (通風), while the towers' surfaces are coated with "marine- grade" aluminum (鋁) that wraps around the buildings, protecting the glass from strong sunlight while maintaining the views and still letting in natural light.(該設計結合了先進的遮陽和通風，而塔樓的表面涂有"海洋級"鋁，包裹著建筑物，保護玻璃免受強烈的陽光照射，同時保持視野，仍然讓自然光進入。)"可知，給塔涂上一層非常規材料可以解決卡塔爾炎熱氣候帶來的挑戰。故選B。
11．推理判斷題。根據最后一段"According to Foster, the ground features of the plaza will play a significant role in the objective of transforming the area into a lively public space for the future.(根據Foster的說法，廣場的地面特征將在將該地區轉變為未來充滿活力的公共空間的目標中發揮重要作用。)"可知，小規模總體規劃的目標是為未來提供一個充滿活力的公共空間，故選C。
四、閱讀理解D
（2024·深圳模擬）The development of bigger brains has long been considered a characteristic of our species' increased intelligence and subsequent dominance (主宰) on this planet. The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.
The precise timing of that post-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until now. A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. DeSilva's group calculated that human brains had remained roughly the same size in average volume, about 1,450 cubic centimeters, for roughly the past 150,000 years. That average rapidly dropped by around 10%, or up to 150 cubic centimeters, over the course of the last few millennia.
DeSilva's group found that not only did the human brain size shrink in general, but also it decreased relative to our body size, suggesting that brain size reduction isn't just a byproduct of our shrinking bodies.
Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering. DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.
The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.
"Like, computers used to be the size of a room, and now they fit in your pocket, so it is important not to relate brain size to smarts." DeSilva said.
12．What can be known about the human brain size
A．Our brain volume has been keeping increasing.
B．The size of human brain has dropped to 150 cubic centimeters.
C．Until now, the accurate timing of brain shrink is no longer mysterious.
D．Fossils and sample data are used to figure out the exact brain shrink period.
13．Which is not the reason for brain shrinkage
A．Appearance of agriculture. B．Decreased body size.
C．Developed human society. D．Improved brain mechanism.
14．What is DeSilva and his group's view on the reduction of human brain size
A．A smaller human brain is less smarter.
B．The reduction of human brain size is just a coincidence.
C．It is a result of brain's adjustment to social development.
D．The shrinkage of human brain relaxed us the need to store information.
15．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Reasons for a smarter brain.
B．Brain's mysteries to be revealed.
C．The precise timing of brain shrink.
D．Brain sizes changing circumstantially.
【答案】12．D
13．B
14．C
15．D
【知識點】細節理解題；說明文；科普類；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關于人類大腦大小隨著環境變化的研究以及背后的原因。
【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節理解題和主旨大意題兩種題型。細節理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節理解題時，要根據題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。
12．細節理解題。根據第二段"A group of researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.(根據6月份發表在《生態與進化前沿》雜志上的一項研究，由德西爾瓦領導的一組研究人員使用化石和現代樣本數據的混合來證實，這種灰質的喪失發生在3000到5000年前)"可知，化石和樣本數據被用來計算確切的腦萎縮時期。故選D。
13．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段"Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering.(許多人類學家解釋說，這些變化與大約1萬年前農業活動的出現以及全球從狩獵和采集的轉變相吻合)"以及倒數第二段"The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our use of books, personal devices and the Internet.(研究人員認為，也許在過去的幾千年里，我們需要保持一個大的大腦來記錄有關食物、社會關系和我們的環境的信息，因為我們可以將信息存儲在我們社交圈和群體的其他成員身上。我們對書籍、個人設備和互聯網的使用可能會加強這一趨勢)"可知，體型減小不是大腦萎縮的原因。故選B。
14．細節理解題。根據倒數第三段"DeSilva's group point to booming eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they think may have played a role in the shrinkage.(DeSilva的研究小組指出，北非、中東和南美古代文明的繁榮時期，他們認為這些復雜的社會可能在縮小中發揮了作用)"可知，DeSilva和他的團隊認為人類大腦體積縮小是大腦適應社會發展的結果。故選C。
15．主旨大意題。根據第一段"The last two million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime following the end of the last Ice Age.(在過去200萬年的進化中，我們的腦容量增加了近四倍。但越來越多的證據表明，我們的大腦最近以一種意想不到的方式發生了變化：在上一個冰河時代結束后的某個時候，它們的體積縮小了)"結合文章主要介紹了關于人類大腦大小隨著環境變化的研究以及背后的原因。可知，這篇文章的主旨是大腦大小隨環境變化。故選D。
五、根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
（2024·深圳模擬）Short-form videolso known as Shorts, have gained great popularity, particularly on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels.　16． 　 However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.
The phenomenon known as "TikTok Brain" arises from the app's short and addictive videos. Similar to candy, these videos generate rapid dopamine (多巴胺) releases, stimulating the brain's pleasure center. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.　17． 　 They stimulated the brain's reward centers more intensely than random videos.
Our brains process visual information faster than text, which explains why videos tend to outperform text-based content online. Due to their underdeveloped reading skills, children are more easily to become addicted to visual stimuli. Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.　18． 　
According to Jessica Griffin, a professor of child psychology, Shorts affect the developing brains of children and teenagers. The prefrontal cortex (前額葉皮質) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.　19． 　 This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.
In conclusion, the constant exposure to fast-paced and stimulating content in Shorts can impact children's attention. To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.　20． 　 Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.
A. Some even do not include text at all.
B. TikTok's feed is created addictive by design.
C. But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
D. It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.
E. Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.
F. It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.
G. They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.
【答案】16．G；17．F；18．E；19．C；20．D
【知識點】七選五；社會文化類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了短視頻對兒童和青少年大腦發展的影響。
備選項的中文意思：
A. 有些甚至根本不包含文字內容。
B. TikTok 的推送內容在設計上就容易讓人上癮。
C. 但它要到 25 歲左右才會完全成熟。
D. 使用屏幕時間管理工具來管理短視頻是有幫助的。
E. 短期記憶和集中注意力的能力會受到影響。
F. 研究揭示，這些視頻是經過個性化篩選后推送給用戶的。
G. 它們是簡短且引人注意的視頻，既有趣又容易讓人上癮。
【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題技巧如下：1. 看首段，跳過空格快速通讀全篇，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在，首段的末句對于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義。2. 首先快速瀏覽一遍幾個備選答案，先確定哪個選項適合放在文章的什么位置。3. 精讀空格前后兩句，利用各種銜接手段選擇正確的選項填入空格。七選五空出的是整個句子，而這些句子與句子之間，必然有一種聯系，因此我們可以通過選項中某個名詞或動詞跟空前或空后的一致性或者相關性來確定這兩個句子之間有一種關聯性，從而選擇正確的答案。考查對上下文的理解及推理判斷能力。4. 看選項，找出與空前空后句中心詞同義，近義或相關性的詞語。實現關鍵詞的對接，先易后難，各個突破。此外要通過句子的邏輯關系或句子的標點來判斷該句在文章的位置。5. 解題的關鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。尤其要注意代詞，連詞等。如表示轉折關系的but，though, however 等。6. 做完后，通讀全文。將所選項放入空白處，通讀一遍，看看是否與上下文構成語義及邏輯上的直接關系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。
16．根據下文"However, there's a growing concern that watching too many Shorts can affect children's brains.(然而，越來越多的人擔心看太多短片會影響孩子的大腦)"中"However"可知，上下文有轉折關系，下文講短視頻的問題：會影響孩子的大腦"，G項"They're brief attention-grabbing videos that can be entertaining and addictive.(它們是簡短且引人注意的視頻，既有趣又容易讓人上癮。)"講短視頻的魅力，與下文構成轉折關系。故選G。
17．上文"A study was conducted to investigate the impact of Shorts on the teenage brains.(一項研究調查了短視頻對青少年大腦的影響)"提到一個關于短視頻對青少年大腦的影響的研究，F項"It revealed that these videos are personalized, selected and fed to users.( 研究揭示，這些視頻是經過個性化篩選后推送給用戶的。)"承接上文，說明研究的結果，句中"It"指代上文"A study"，上下文語意連貫。故選F。
18．上文"Remarkably, social media platforms can do a lot harm to the development of reading habits among younger users.(值得注意的是，社交媒體平臺可能會對年輕用戶閱讀習慣的養成造成很大傷害)"指出社交媒體平臺對閱讀習慣的養成的影響，E項"Short-term memory and the ability to concentrate are affected.(短期記憶和集中注意力的能力會受到影響。)"承接上文，說明其具體影響：影響短期記憶和集中注意力的能力，上下文語意連貫。故選E。
19．下文"This delayed development makes young individuals more easily influenced by Shorts.(這種延遲發育使年輕人更容易受到short的影響)"中提到"This delayed development"，根據指代關系，上文會明確其指代的具體內容，C項"But it does not fully mature until around the age of 25.(但它要到 25 歲左右才會完全成熟。)"和上文"The prefrontal cortex (前額葉皮質) is responsible for attention, self-control, memory, and learning flexibility.(前額葉皮層負責注意力、自我控制、記憶和學習靈活性)"告知，下文的"延遲發育"指的是"前額葉皮層的延遲發育"。故選C。
20．上文"To address this issue, parents can have open conversations with their children about the potential risks.(為了解決這個問題，父母可以和他們的孩子就潛在的風險進行開誠布公的交流)"提出解決問題的一個辦法：父母和孩子進行交流。D項"It is helpful to use screen time management tools for Shorts.(使用屏幕時間管理工具來管理短視頻是有幫助的。)"給出另一個辦法，建議使用屏幕時間管理工具。下文"Furthermore, encouraging physical activities and outdoor experiences is also crucial to develop a balance d lifestyle.(此外，鼓勵體育活動和戶外活動對于發展平衡的生活方式也至關重要)"提出第三個建議：鼓勵體育活動和戶外活動。所以，D項與上下文構成并列關系，就如果解決問題給出切實可行的建議。故選D。
六、閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
（2024·深圳模擬）My little niece was wandering through the garden in her home. Her father collected rare and precious plants, which he 21． with great care.
My niece was 22． by a plant full of blooming flowers. She approached it and admired its unique beauty. Suddenly she 23． that the plant was in a pile of filth(污穢). She could not put up with the 24． of dirt with such fantastic flowers.
She figured out a plan to clean the plant. She 25． the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its 26． in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away. She then placed the plant on a clean stone and went away, proud that she had done a great 27． .
Later her father came to the garden and noticed the uprooted plant, which had lain 28． in the baking sun. His little daughter ran over to 29． her achievement. "I have cleaned it, Daddy," she reported 30． .
The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant and told her that the filthy soil provided the best 31． to grow that plant. On hearing that, the girl felt guilty that the plant had suffered by her cleaning.
A great gardener mixes the 32． soil for each plant. 33． , God provides each of us with the best 34． required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth. But it may appear to be 35． and we may even complain to God about our difficulty.
21．A．attended to B．brought up C．looked out D．fed on
22．A．caught B．attacked C．attracted D．shocked
23．A．recalled B．recognized C．noticed D．concluded
24．A．shortage B．presence C．presentation D．composition
25．A．pulled B．picked C．held D．pushed
26．A．flowers B．roots C．leaves D．branches
27．A．project B．deal C．operation D．deed
28．A．boiling B．bathing C．breathing D．dying
29．A．confirm B．check C．exhibit D．assess
30．A．happily B．coldly C．fearfully D．patiently
31．A．shelter B．medicine C．agency D．medium
32．A．same B．right C．dirty D．loose
33．A．Moreover B．Similarly C．Rather D．Nevertheless
34．A．environment B．style C．neighborhood D．opportunity
35．A．invisible B．disorganized C．improper D．unpleasant
【答案】21．A；22．C；23．C；24．B；25．A；26．B；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．D；32．B；33．B；34．A；35．D
【知識點】名詞辨析；形容詞的詞義辨析；動詞的詞義辨析；故事閱讀類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了小女孩好心辦了壞事，在看到美麗的花長在污泥中后，她把花從泥土中拔起，清洗了根部的泥土，差點讓花死掉，而父親教育她污泥恰是種植這株植物的最佳培養基。上帝實際上也為我們每個人提供了最佳的精神成長環境，雖然有時這種環境并不令人愉快。
【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義，最后對選項進行對比分析，選出正確選項。完形填空旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文，把握大意。在開始答題之前，應先通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大致內容。這樣有助于理解作者的意圖，把握文章的整體思路，為后續的填空選擇提供正確的方向。二、仔細分析，逐一排查。對于每一個空，要仔細分析所給的選項，逐一排查，選出最符合文意的答案。通常情況下，完形填空中會有幾個空白需要填寫形容詞、副、名詞等，要注意所填的詞要與句子前后內容相符。三、結合上下文，理解語義。有時候僅從一個空所在的句子很難確定正確的答案，這時需要結合上下文，理解整體的語義環境。通過對前后的語境分析，確定一個合理的答案。四、注意語法結構。完形填空中涉及的語法知識較多，如時態、語態、詞性等。在選擇答案時，要仔細考慮語法結構是否正確。
21．句意：她的父親收集了很多珍貴的稀有植物，他非常細心地照料這些植物。A. attended to照料；B. brought up撫養；C. looked out小心；D. fed on以……為食。此處which引導非限制性定語從句，對先行詞rare and prized plants作補充說明，先行詞在從句中作空處謂語的賓語，再結合下文"with great care"可知，她的父親應該是細心地照料這些珍貴的稀有植物。故選A。
22．句意：女孩被一株開滿嬌嫩花朵的植物所吸引。A. caught捕捉；B. attacked攻擊；C. attracted吸引；D. shocked（使）震驚。根據下文"She approached it and admired its striking beauty."可知，女孩走過去欣賞這株美麗的植物，因此是被它吸引。故選C。
23．句意：突然，她注意到這株植物長在一堆污泥中。A. recalled回憶起；B. recognized辨認出；C. noticed注意到；D. concluded得出結論。根據下文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可推知，植物長在一堆污泥中是女孩走近后注意到的情況。故選C。
24．句意：她不能容忍這樣美麗的花上存在泥土。A. shortage缺少；B. presence存在；C. presentation展示；D. composition組成。根據上文"that the plant was in a pile of filth"可知，植物長在一堆污泥中，因此女孩是覺得花上不應該存在泥土。故選B。
25．句意：她用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來，用自來水沖洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干凈。A. pulled拔出；B. picked采，摘；C. held握著；D. pushed推。根據下文"the plant with all her might from the dirt"可推知，她是用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來。故選A。
26．句意：她用盡力氣把植物從泥土里拔出來，用自來水沖洗根部，直到所有的泥土都被洗干凈。A. flowers花；B. roots根；C. leaves葉子；D. branches樹枝。根據上文"She ___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt"和常識可知，從泥土里出來的植物根部會有泥土，因此是用自來水沖洗根部。故選B。
27．句意：然后，她把植物放在一塊干凈的石頭上便離開了，她為自己做了一件好事而自豪。A. project項目；B. deal交易；C. operation操作；D. deed行為。根據上文"She___5___ the plant with all her might from the dirt and washed its___6___ in running tap water till all traces of dirt were washed away."可知，女孩想辦法清除了這株植物上的泥土，由此推之，她會覺得自己為植物做了件好事，do a good deed是固定短語，意為"做一件好事"。故選D。
28．句意：后來，她的父親來到花園，發現了那棵被連根拔起的植物，它已經在烈日下奄奄一息了。A. boiling（使）沸騰；B. bathing洗澡；C. breathing呼吸；D. dying死亡。根據下文"The father showed her how her treatment had nearly killed the plant"可知，被連根拔起的植物在烈日下快死了。故選D。
29．句意：他的小女兒跑過來展示她的成就。A. confirm確認；B. check檢查；C. exhibit展示；D. assess評估。根據上文"proud that she had done a great___7___"可知，女孩對自己做的事情感到很驕傲，因此會向父親展示自己的成就。故選C。
30．句意："爸爸，我把它清理干凈了。"她高興地說。A. happily高興地；B.coldly冷淡地；C. fearfully可怕地；D. patiently耐心地。根據上文"I have cleaned it, Daddy"可知，女孩認為自己清理了這株植物上的污泥，是做了正確的事情，卻不知道自己犯了錯誤，因此是高興地說話。故選A。
31．句意：父親告訴她，她的處理方法幾乎殺死了那株植物，并告訴她污穢的泥土是種植那株植物的最佳培養基。A. shelter庇護所；B. medicine藥物；C. agency機構；D. medium培養基。根據上文"the filthy soil"和下文"to grow that plant"可推知，污穢的泥土應該是種植該植物的最佳培養基。故選D。
32．句意：一個好的園丁會為每種植物混合合適的土壤。A. same相同的；B. right合適的；C. dirty臟的；D. loose松的。根據上文"A great gardener"可推知，好的園丁熟知植物的習性，會為植物混合合適的土壤。故選B。
33．句意：同樣，上帝也為我們每個人提供最佳的精神成長環境。A. Moreover此外；B. Similarly類似地；C. Rather相反地；D. Nevertheless然而。根據上文"A great gardener mixes the___12___ soil for each plant."和下文"God provides each of us with the best___14___ required for optimum (最佳) spiritual growth."可知，作者從園丁培育植物談到上帝培育人的精神成長，兩者有相似之處，應用Similarly"類似地"來銜接。故選B。
34．句意：同樣，上帝也為我們每個人提供最佳的精神成長環境。A. environment環境；B. style風格；C. neighbourhood街區；D. opportunity機會。根據上文"soil for each plant"可推知，此處是類比，土壤之于植物，正如環境之于人。故選A。
35．句意：但它可能看起來不愉快，我們甚至可能向上帝抱怨我們的困難。A. invisible看不見的；B. disorganized混亂的；C. improper不適當的；D. unpleasant不愉快的。根據下文"we may even complain to God about our difficulty"可知，我們可能會向上帝抱怨我們的困難，因此指它可能看起來不愉快。故選D。
七、第二節(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
（2024·深圳模擬）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
As the popularity of traditional hanfu clothing rises,more young entrepreneurs are embracing the opportunity　36． 　(introduce)this cultural heritage to a wider audience.
Yang Ting,　37． 　95s-bom entrepreneur (創業者)and her friend QiQi,　38． 　used to work as teachers,embarked on a new journey by opening a hanfu dressing and makeup boutique (時裝精品小店)in the busy pedestrian street of the Grand Tang Dynasty Ever Bright City in Xi'an.
Yang explained that the process of dressing up in hanfu and having makeup done is not　39． 　(complicate). It begins with selecting the desired style of clothing, followed by　40． 　(consult)with makeup artists for the perfect look,which typically takes about an hour.
Since its opening in March 2023, their boutique　41． 　 (become)a hot spot, attracting hundreds of visitors　42． 　(day). The visitors, who gather to experience the charm of dressing up in ancient hanfu clothes,　43． 　(be)not only from different parts of China but also from countries such as South Korea, Japan, Russia, Nigeria, and Brazil.
Despite facing challenges in the early stages due to their lack　44． 　experience in operations.Yang and her co-partner kept on,gradually　45． 　(expand)their business.
Today,their hanfu dressing and makeup boutique has expanded 1o two stores,boasting a collection of nearly a thousand outfits.(Adapted from CHINADAJLY2024/04/11)
【答案】36．to introduce；37．a；38．who；39．complicated；40．consulting；41．has become；42．daily；43．are；44．in；45．expanding
【知識點】不定冠詞；關系代詞引導定語從句的用法；動詞不定式；新聞報道類；記敘文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文（新聞報道）。文章主要報道了關于年輕創業者楊婷和她的朋友琪琪在西安開設漢服梳妝打扮精品小店的故事，介紹了她們的業務內容、小店的發展情況以及吸引的游客群體等。
【點評】考查語法填空。本題考點涉及動詞不定式，冠詞，定語從句，形容詞，非謂語動詞，時態，主謂一致，副詞以及介詞等多個知識點的考查。要求考生在理解細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，并結合相關語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。語法填空實用解題策略如下。一、分析句子結構。在面對語法填空題時，首先要做的是分析句子的結構。觀察句子中的主語、謂語、賓語等主要成分，以及是否有從句、非謂語動詞等復雜結構。通過理解句子結構，可以更好地把握填空處所需的詞性和功能。二、確定詞性變化。根據句子結構和語境，確定填空處所需的詞性。然后，根據語法規則，考慮所需的詞性是否需要進行變化，如名詞的單復數、動詞的時態和語態、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級等。確保所填詞匯在語法上與句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢記固定搭配。英語中存在大量的固定搭配和短語，這些搭配在語法填空題中經常出現。因此，需要牢記常見的固定搭配和短語，以便在解題時能夠迅速識別并正確填空。四、注意時態語態。時態和語態是英語語法填空的重要考點。在解題時，要注意根據句子的語境和上下文，判斷所需動詞的時態和語態。同時，也要注意時態和語態的一致性，確保所填詞匯與句子的時態和語態相符。五、理解上下文語境。語境對于語法填空題的解答至關重要。通過理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空處所需的詞匯和語法結構。因此，在解題時，要仔細閱讀句子的前后文，把握句子的整體意義，以便更好地填空。六、利用常識和邏輯。在某些情況下，可以利用常識和邏輯來解答語法填空題。例如，根據常識判斷所填詞匯是否符合常理，或者根據邏輯判斷所填詞匯是否與前后的句子內容相符合。通過利用常識和邏輯，可以更加準確地填空。
36．句意：隨著傳統漢服的流行度日益提升，越來越多的年輕創業者正抓住這一機遇，將這份文化遺產介紹給更廣泛的受眾。 introduce， 介紹/引進/提出/采用，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中作后置定語修飾名詞opportunity，此處表示"做某事的機會"，the opportunity to do sth，固定搭配，符合語境，故空處應用動詞不定式作后置定語。故填to introduce。
37．句意：楊婷，一位95后創業者，與她的朋友琪琪（兩人曾是教師）在西安大唐不夜城繁華的步行街上開設了一家漢服梳妝打扮精品小店，開啟了一段新的旅程。此處泛指"一位95后創業者"，且空后95s以輔音音素發音開頭，應用不定冠詞a。故填a。
38．句意：楊婷，一位95后創業者，與她的朋友琪琪（兩人曾是教師）在西安大唐不夜城繁華的步行街上開設了一家漢服梳妝打扮精品小店，開啟了一段新的旅程。空處在句中引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Yang Ting and her friend QiQi，指人，且在非限制性定語從句中作主語，應用關系代詞who引導非限制性定語從句。故填who。
39．句意：楊婷解釋說，穿上漢服并進行梳妝打扮的過程并不復雜。complicate， 使復雜化/使難懂/使卷入，動詞。空處在句中做表語，空處表示"復雜的"，complicated，形容詞，符合語境。故填complicated。
40．句意：它始于挑選心儀的服飾款式，隨后是與化妝師溝通以打造出完美的妝容，整個過程通常需要大約一個小時。consult，咨詢/請教/商量，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中做介詞by的賓語，應用動名詞形式。故填consulting。
41．句意：自2023年3月開業以來，她們的小店已成為一個熱門景點，每日吸引著數百名游客。become，變成，動詞。空處為句子的謂語，根據句中時間狀語since its opening in March 2023可知，謂語時態為現在完成時，結構為has/have+過去分詞，根據主謂一致原則，主語their boutique為單數，故助動詞應用has。故填has become。
42．句意：自2023年3月開業以來，她們的小店已成為一個熱門景點，每日吸引著數百名游客。day，日子/天，可數名詞。空處在句中作狀語修飾動詞attracting，空處表示"每日地"，daily，副詞，符合語境。故填daily。
43．句意：這些游客聚集在此，是為了體驗穿上古代漢服所帶來的魅力。他們不僅來自中國的各個地區，還來自韓國、日本、俄羅斯、尼日利亞和巴西等國家。空處為主句的謂語，根據時態呼應原則以及 gather可知，主句謂語時態為一般現在時，根據主謂一致原則，主語the visitors為復數，故be動詞應用are。故填are。
44．句意：盡管在初期階段由于缺乏運營經驗而面臨挑戰，但楊婷和她的合作伙伴堅持不懈，逐步擴大了她們的業務。此處表示"缺乏..."，lack in，固定短語，符合語境。故填in。
45．句意：盡管在初期階段由于缺乏運營經驗而面臨挑戰，但楊婷和她的合作伙伴堅持不懈，逐步擴大了她們的業務。expand，擴散/蔓延/擴展，動詞。空處為非謂語且在句中作狀語，此處表示由主句所產生的自然而然的結果，用現在分詞形式做結果狀語。故填expanding。
八、第一節應用文寫作(滿分15分)
46．（2024·深圳模擬）假定你是李華，上個月你們班在井岡山進行了五天的研學活動。請你給美國朋友 Simon 寫一封郵件分享這次研學之旅，內容包括：
1.研學經歷和見聞；
2.你的感想。
參考詞匯：研學 learning trip
注意：
1.寫作詞數應為80個左右；
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Dear Simon,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Simon,
I can't wait to share my recent adventure with you. Last month, our class embarked on a five-day learning trip to Jinggang Mountain. It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening.
Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes. Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication.
The highlight was meeting the descendants of these heroes. Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real. It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity.
This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. I now appreciate the value of perseverance and the importance of our national heritage.
Do you have similar experience Looking forward to your story.
Best regards,
Li Hua
【知識點】文字式應用文
【解析】【分析】本題是一篇應用文寫作，要求考生以李華的身份給美國朋友 Simon寫信分享班級的井岡山研學之旅。寫作背景：李華的班級于上個月在井岡山進行了五天的研學活動。內容包括：1. 闡述寫作目的；2. 闡述研學經歷和見聞；3. 闡述自己的感悟。注意：1. 時態為一般過去時；2.注意不要遺漏寫作要點，詳略得當，可適當拓展，突出寫作重點；3. 注意語句表達規范流暢，邏輯正確，條理清晰，語義連貫；4. 不能使用真實的名稱；5. 寫作詞數為80個左右。本題對于考生的綜合能力要求較高，要求考生有很強的謀篇布局的能力和組織要點的能力。需要注意緊扣文章主題，給出的要點都需要包括。寫作時注意準確運用時態，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關系。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使作文顯得更有檔次。【點評】本篇書面表達表達上要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用了一定數量的句式結構，讓句子表達更加生動傳神，同時使用了較多的高級詞匯和固定短語，提高了文章的檔次，體現了對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力。例如： It was not more than just a journey but a profound history lesson and a spiritual awakening. （運用了not...but...連接的并列結構）；Upon walking through the lush forests, we visited the sites of historical battles and the humble living quarters of our revolutionary heroes.（運用了介詞短語做時間狀語）； Each place we explored was a testament to their unwavering courage and dedication. （運用了省略了that/which引導的定語從句）；Their stories breathed life into the history books, making the sacrifices of the past vivid and real.（運用了現在分詞短語作狀語）； It was humbling to stand in the places where history unfolded and to understand the true meaning of resilience and unity. （運用了where引導的定語從句）； This trip was a reminder that our peace today is built upon the sacrifices of the past. （運用了that引導的同位語從句）。
九、第二節讀后續寫(滿分25分)
47．（2024·深圳模擬）閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。
"No, little girl. You can't get in without the money." Jeffrey, the bus driver, told a little girl who wanted to get on the bus but only had a few pennies. She must have been around seven years old, and he wasn't in the mood to deal with unaccompanied children that day.
"Please, sir. I want to visit my grandmother," the little girl begged. "Then go ask your parents for the money and come back next time," Jeffrey replied and gestured with his hand for the girl to get out. She finally left the bus with her shoulders lowered. Jeffrey saw her sit down at the bus stop and drove off.
He finished his route and went home for the lunch, greeting his wife, Greta, and sitting down on the couch to rest. When he browsed his Facebook posts, an image caught his attention. A picture was shared of the little girl he had just turned away a few hours earlier. The word "Missing" was written on top of the image. He learned that the girl had disappeared a day ago, and her parents were desperately trying to find her.
"Dear! What have I done " he asked himself, standing up and going to the front door. When Greta asked where he was going, Jeffrey said, "Greta! Quick! Call 911 and this number," showing her the picture of the girl. "I saw this girl at a bus stop earlier, and I turned her away because she didn't have enough money. I'm going to find her, but please make those calls." Having told her where the bus stop was, he went out.
Jeffrey rushed to his car, speeding to the bus stop. Hopefully, the girl was smart enough to stay in one place. He couldn't believe how careless he had been earlier. She was a little girl all alone. As he drove to the bus stop, Jeffrey vowed to be more careful in the future, especially when it came to children.
注意：
1. 續寫詞數應為150左右;
2. 請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。
Finally, Jeffrey saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Finally, he saw a tiny figure sitting on the bench at the spot. Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. He inquired about her name and why she had left home. "I was going to Grandma's house. My mom wouldn't let me go." Sarah replied, swinging one of her feet and looking at the concrete floor. "Your parents are searching for you, and they'll be here soon," he assured her, and the little girl gave him a small smile.
A few minutes later, the police and another car approached them. A woman got out of the vehicle and rushed toward Sarah. The little girl got up and ran to her, yelling, "Mommy!" The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.
【知識點】文字式記敘文；讀后續寫
【解析】【分析】本篇書面表達是讀后續寫。通過閱讀文章可知，該篇記敘文以人物為線索展開，講述了公交車司機Jeffrey一開始拒絕讓沒有錢的小女孩上車，后來他在Facebook上看到女孩失蹤的消息，意識到自己的錯誤并努力將她找回的故事。段落續寫：由第一段首句內容"最后，他看見一個小小的身影坐在原地的長凳上。"可知，第一段可描寫Jeffrey抵達公交站并發現小女孩仍然坐在那里的情形以及他對自己行為的反思。由第二段首句內容"幾分鐘后，警察和另一輛車靠近了他們。"可知，第二段可描寫小女孩與她的父母團聚的感人瞬間，以及他們對Jeffrey的感謝及Jeffrey的變化。續寫線索：車站看到小姑娘——感到欣慰——安慰小姑娘——女孩與父母團聚——女孩父母感謝——Jeffrey的變化。寫作時要注意準確運用時態，上下文意思要連貫，符合句際間和段際間的邏輯關系，盡量使用自己熟悉的詞匯及句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型來提升文章的檔次。【點評】1. 本篇書面表達表達上要點齊全，上下文連貫，使用了一定數量的句式結構，讓句子表達更加生動傳神，同時使用了較多的高級詞匯和固定短語，提高了文章的檔次，體現了對英語書面表達熟練的駕馭能力。 例如： Jeffery felt relieved and delighted to see the girl staying safe and sound. （運用了動詞不定式做原因狀語）；Trying to calm himself, Jeffery decided to talk to her gently. （運用了現在分詞短語作狀語）； He inquired about her name and why she had left home. （運用了why引導的賓語從句）； The police officers approached Jeffrey and he told them the entire story and how he regretted not letting her on the bus, so he came to find her. （運用了how引導的賓語從句）； Sarah's parents thanked him for what he had done. （運用了what引導的賓語從句）；From then on, Jeffrey helped anyone short on cash who got on his bus, and he always watched out for the kids that were alone because they needed someone like him to do the right job.（運用了who&that引導的定語從句以及because引導的原因狀語從句）。
2. 讀后續寫步驟如下
（1）精讀文章，確定文章線索。每篇文章都有各自獨特的寫作思路，通過精讀文章，找到該篇文章的寫作線索，比如是以時間為線索還是以空間為線索等，這樣有利于考生"順藤摸瓜"。
（2）仔細審題，明確續寫要求。一般短文后面的"注意"都有對此短文續寫的具體要求，如字數限制、使用幾處下劃線關鍵詞語、續寫段落的首句提示，這樣考生能做到"心中有數"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩續寫思路。根據文章后面的要求，再次快速回讀短文，抓住文章的思路，結合段首的提示語，最終確定續寫段落的思路，同時結合文章劃線詞語提示，確定續寫段落的內容。
（4）擬寫草稿，修改錯詞病句。在確定了思路和內容之后，最關鍵的就是結合提示語或者文中劃線的關鍵詞語擬寫草稿。擬寫時，注意句子結構的多樣性、語言的豐富性，并通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用，使上下文連貫。
（5）標出續寫部分中使用到的原材料中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語。這一點可以幫助考生檢查關鍵詞語的使用情況并根據情況做出修改。最后在謄寫文字時，務必做到字跡工整與清晰。
3. 在做此類試題時，讀到適當的位置，可以短暫停頓，根據已讀部分文章的脈絡，對文章進行發散思維，設想可能的幾種結尾；經常實施微型化訓練，也就是對所讀文章的某一段落進行設想。根據某段落的首句提示，結合文章的上文對該段進行合理設想，推斷該段可能要講述的內容。
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