資源簡介 仁愛新版八上 單元語法同步講義(學生版)Unit 5 Exploring Amazing Places第10講:動詞不定式 to do的用法語法考點概念:1. 動詞不定式的基本構成是由“ ”構成,是非謂語動詞的一種。這里的to 是不定式符號,本身沒有詞義,有時可以省略不要。2. 在句子中不能單獨作謂語,也沒有 和 的變化,其否定結構是“ ”3. 在句子中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、表語等。【考點01】動詞不定式在句子中的功能:功能 用法 例句作主語 常用it作形式主語,而將不定式后置。 常見句型結構: ① 對某人來說做某事是......的 ② 做某事花費某人多長時間 獨自在這兒游泳很危險。 他花費了一個小時完成作業。作賓語 一般只作某些動詞的賓語 我決定去大理旅游。作賓語 補足語 在使役動詞make, let, have和感官動詞hear, see, watch等后面,省略 李老師讓我們做練習。作狀語 一般在句中作 狀語 我每天早晨早起是為了趕早班公共汽車。作定語 常放在所修飾的 后面作后置定語 你有要做的事嗎 作表語 常位于be動詞后,通常是對系動詞前面的名詞進行解釋說明。 結構: 我今天的工作是打掃房間。與疑問詞構成不定式短語 “ ” 在句中可作主語、表語、賓語等 她真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。【考點02】動詞不定式的用法:1.后跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語的動詞(短語):如: (開始), (選擇), (決定), (嘗試;努力), (希望), (期待;期望), (同意), (承諾;答應), (發生), (拒絕), (學習;學會), (似乎;好像), (自愿做;志愿), (失敗;未能), (想要;喜歡), (想要), (詢問;要求), (告訴;講述), (允許), (警告), (鼓勵), (強迫), (邀請), (教;教授), (建議), (盡某人最大努力)等。2.在使役動詞和一些感官動詞后用不定式作賓補,這時要省略to。這些詞有:一感( )、二聽( )、三讓( )、四看( )。但變被動語態時,to要還原。3.在①為什么不做某事: ;②最好(不要)做某事: ;③讓我們做某事: ,這三個結構中,動詞不定式要省略 。如:①為什么不出去散步呢 ②你最好乘公共汽車去。4.在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而把不定式移至形容詞或名詞后,構成“ ”結構。如:我發現解決這個問題很難。5.既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式的動詞:(1)既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式作賓語,且意義差別不大的動詞有: (喜歡), (愛;喜歡), (討厭;憎恨), (開始), 等。如:你喜歡踢足球嗎 (2)既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式作賓語,但意義差別很大的動詞(短語)有:① 忘記做過某事(已做) 忘記去做某事(未做) ② 停止做某事 停下來去做(其他)某事③ 需要做某事(被動含義) 需要去做某事(主動含義)④ 嘗試做某事 盡力做某事⑤ 意味著做某事 打算做某事 ⑥ 對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)對做過的事感到后悔(已做)如:他停止看電視,開始讀英語。他看了一個小時的電視。八點鐘他停下(看電視)去做作業。(二)同步練習一、寫出下列漢語對應的詞組。1. 想要做某事2. 拒絕做某事3. 忘記做某事4. 需要做某事5. 努力做某事6. 學習做某事7. 喜歡做某事8. 同意做某事9. 幫助做某事10. 希望做某事11. 決定做某事12. 開始做某事13. 建議做某事14. 建議做某事15. 要求做某事16. 盡某人的最大努力做某事二、用括號內所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Mary wants (be)an engineer when she grows up.Sam expects (see)the scary tigers in the zoo.Mona loves (watch) comedies very much.Don't forget (close)the windows when you leave.It seems to rain soon.I remember (put)my homework in my schoolbag last night. But I can't find it now.Where would you like (go),Shanghai or Beijing They decided (build)a new school in the village.My grandfather teaches me how (plant) vegetables.The students asked their teacher what (do) next.When they saw the teacher walk into the classroom, they stopped (talk) at once.Is it necessary (learn) a foreign language.Do you have anything (say) for yourself It's spring now. It's time (plant) trees.Let's (have) a rest, shall we The speaker spoke too quickly for us (understand).I really don't know what (do) next.You'd better (try) this medicine.I am free this afternoon. why not (go)shopping He is the last one (leave) the office everyday.20. They didn't help us (clean)the classroom yesterday.三、單項選擇。( )1.I am ready ________ you with your English homework.A.help B.helping C.to help( )2.The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest.all; to have B.no one; havingC.none; to have D.nobody; having( )3.Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.A.to not swim B.not to swim C.to swim( )4.It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside.A.to go B.not go C.not to go D.don’t go( )5.He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English.A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.improved( )6. —Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans A.what to wear; to wear B.what to wear; wearC.how to wear; to wear D.how to wear; wear( )7. —What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave.A.what B.how C.where D.when( )8. —Do you have any plans for the coming new year —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China.A.make B.making C.to make D.made( )9.It took my sister three hours ________ her book report.A.finish B.finishing C.to finish( )10.My mother offered ________ us to the museum.A.take B.to take C.taking( )11.Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.tells( )12.The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong.A.teaches B.teach C.to teaching D.to teach( )13.—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line.—How great he is!A.pass B.passing C.to pass( )14.Children are not allowed ________ in the hall.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running( )15.— What were you doing at 5:00 yesterday, Tim —I was making some signs________ around the school.to put up B. puts up C. putting up D. put up( )16. — It's so sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.— Well, we can do what we can________ them.to protect B. protect C. protecting D. to protecting( )17.________ to take care of animals, he volunteered________ at the animal hospital on weekends.Learning; to work B. To learn; to workLearning; working D. To learn;working( )18. We can make a fire________the room warm so that we can sleep well.to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept( )19. We’ d better wash hands before meals ________healthy.keep B. keeping C. to keeping D. to keep( )20. What are you going to do ________make your study a great success next term to help B. helping C. help D. helped( )21.You’ re expected ________silent when you’ re in the library.keeping B. to kept C. to keep D. to keeping( )22. New Year’ s Day is coming. It's a time ________resolutions.A. make B. to make C. finish D. to finish( )23. — Why do you look unhappy, Bob — My father promised ________me a new mobile phone today, but he forgot it.buy B. buying C. to buy( )24. The police warns the drivers ________slowly on snowy days.not drive B. to walk C. to drive( )25. My parents always expect me ________hard.to study B. study C. studying D. studied( )26. — Would you please tell me ________this computer — Yes. Let me show you.what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. who to use( )27. Don't forget ________the windows before you leave the classroom.to close B. closing C. closed D. close( )28. When he failed ________at a traffic light, he knew he broke the road rules.stopping B. to stopping C. stop D. to stop( )29. Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard, so we usually regard them ________ our friends easily.study; for B. to study; for C. study; as D. to study; as( )30. I'm not sure how ________to the party.goes B. going C. go D. to go四、讀下面的這封信,并用所給單詞的正確形式填空。Dear Li Wei,How are you I have some great news 1. (tell)you.Next month,I'm going to visit Mount Huangshan.I plan 2. (take)the train and 3. book)a train ticket and a hotel room online.But now I don't have enough money.In order 4. (not be)short of money,I'll take Xiao Ya's advice 5. (make)money by selling flowers.How will you spend your holiday I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Lingling仁愛新版八上 單元語法同步講義(教師版)Unit 5 Exploring Amazing Places第10講:動詞不定式 to do的用法語法考點概念:1. 動詞不定式的基本構成是由“to+動詞原形”構成,是非謂語動詞的一種。這里的to 是不定式符號,本身沒有詞義,有時可以省略不要。2. 在句子中不能單獨作謂語,也沒有人稱和數的變化,其否定結構是“not to do”3. 在句子中可以作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、表語等。【考點01】動詞不定式在句子中的功能:功能 用法 例句作主語 常用it作形式主語,而將不定式后置。 常見句型結構: ①It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.; 對某人來說做某事是......的 ②It takes (sb.)+時間段+to do sth. 做某事花費某人多長時間 To swim here alone is very dangerous.= It ’s very dangerous to swim here alone. 獨自在這兒游泳很危險。 It takes him one hour to finish the homework. 他花費了一個小時完成作業。作賓語 一般只作某些動詞的賓語 I decided to go on a trip to Dali. 我決定去大理旅游。作賓語 補足語 在使役動詞make, let, have和感官動詞hear, see, watch等后面,省略to Miss Li made us do Exercise. 李老師讓我們做練習。作狀語 一般在句中作目的、結果、原因狀語 I get up early every morning to catch the early bus. 我每天早晨早起是為了趕早班公共汽車。作定語 常放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后面作后置定語 Do you have anything to do 你有要做的事嗎 作表語 常位于be動詞后,通常是對系動詞前面的名詞進行解釋說明。 結構:be + to do My job today is to clean the room. 我今天的工作是打掃房間。與疑問詞構成不定式短語 “疑問詞+to do” 在句中可作主語、表語、賓語等 She really didn’t know what to do next. 她真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。【考點02】動詞不定式的用法:1.后跟不定式作賓語或賓語補足語的動詞(短語):如:begin/start(開始), choose(選擇), decide(決定), try(嘗試;努力), hope/wish(希望), expect(期待;期望), agree(同意),promise(承諾;答應), happen(發生), refuse(拒絕), learn(學習;學會), seem(似乎;好像), volunteer(自愿做;志愿), fail(失敗;未能), (would)like/love(想要;喜歡), want(想要), ask(詢問;要求), tell(告訴;講述), allow(允許), warn(警告), encourage(鼓勵), force(強迫), invite(邀請), teach(教;教授), advise(建議), try one’s best(盡某人最大努力)等。2.在使役動詞和一些感官動詞后用不定式作賓補,這時要省略to。這些詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(observe, see, watch, notice)。但變被動語態時,to要還原。3.在①為什么不做某事:Why not+動詞原形 ;②最好(不要)做某事:had better (not)+動詞原形;③讓我們做某事:Let’s+動詞原形,這三個結構中,動詞不定式要省略to。如:①Why not go out for a walk 為什么不出去散步呢 ②You’d better go by bus.你最好乘公共汽車去。4.在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而把不定式移至形容詞或名詞后,構成“主語+動詞+it(形式賓語)+賓語補足語(形容詞/名詞)+不定式(真正的賓語)”結構。如:I found it difficult to solve the problem.我發現解決這個問題很難。5.既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式的動詞:(1)既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式作賓語,且意義差別不大的動詞有:like(喜歡), love(愛;喜歡), hate(討厭;憎恨), begin/start(開始), 等。如:Do you like playing/to play football 你喜歡踢足球嗎 (2)既能接動詞不定式又能接v.-ing形式作賓語,但意義差別很大的動詞(短語)有:①forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事(已做)forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做) ②stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下來去做(其他)某事③need doing sth. 需要做某事(被動含義) need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動含義)④try doing sth. 嘗試做某事try to do sth. 盡力做某事⑤mean doing sth. 意味著做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事 ⑥regret to do sth. 對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regret doing sth. 對做過的事感到后悔(已做)如:He stopped watching TV and began to read English.他停止看電視,開始讀英語。He watched TV for an hour. At 8:00 he stopped to do his homework.他看了一個小時的電視。八點鐘他停下(看電視)去做作業。(二)同步練習一、寫出下列漢語對應的詞組。1.want/would like to do sth想要做某事2.refuse to do sth拒絕做某事3.forget to do sth忘記做某事4.need to do sth 需要做某事5.try to do sth努力做某事6.learn to do sth學習做某事7.like to do sth喜歡做某事8.agree to do sth同意做某事9.help to do sth幫助做某事10.hope/wish to do sth希望做某事11.decide to do sth決定做某事12.begin/start to do sth開始做某事13.advise to do sth建議做某事14.choose to do sth建議做某事15.ask to do sth要求做某事16.try one’s best to do sth盡某人的最大努力做某事二、用括號內所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.Mary wants to be (be)an engineer when she grows up.【解析】句意:瑪麗長大后想成為一名工程師。“want to do sth.” 是固定搭配,意為 “想要做某事”,故填 to be。Sam expects to see (see)the scary tigers in the zoo.【解析】句意:薩姆期待在動物園里看到嚇人的老虎。“expect to do sth.” 表示 “期待做某事”,不定式作賓語,故填 to see。Mona loves to watch / watching (watch) comedies very much.【解析】句意:莫娜非常喜歡看喜劇。“love to do sth.” 或 “love doing sth.” 均表示 “喜歡做某事”,前者側重一次性動作,后者側重習慣性動作,此處均可,故填 to watch 或 watching。Don't forget to close (close)the windows when you leave.It seems to rain soon.【解析】句意:離開時別忘了關窗戶,好像很快要下雨了。“forget to do sth.” 指 “忘記去做某事(未做)”,符合 “未關窗” 的語境,故填 to close。I remember putting (put)my homework in my schoolbag last night. But I can't find it now.【解析】句意:我記得昨晚把作業放進書包了,但現在找不到了。“remember doing sth.” 表示 “記得做過某事(已做)”,符合 “昨晚已放” 的語境,故填 putting。Where would you like to go (go),Shanghai or Beijing 【解析】句意:你想去哪里,上海還是北京?“would like to do sth.” 是固定句型,意為 “想要做某事”,故填 to go。They decided to build (build)a new school in the village.【解析】句意:他們決定在村子里建一所新學校。“decide to do sth.” 表示 “決定做某事”,不定式作賓語,故填 to build。My grandfather teaches me how to plant (plant) vegetables.【解析】句意:爺爺教我如何種蔬菜。“疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構作賓語,“how to plant” 表示 “如何種植”,故填 to plant。The students asked their teacher what to do (do) next.【解析】句意:學生們問老師接下來做什么。“疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構作賓語,“what to do” 表示 “做什么”,故填 to do。When they saw the teacher walk into the classroom, they stopped talking (talk) at once.【解析】句意:當他們看到老師走進教室時,立刻停止了說話。“stop doing sth.” 指 “停止正在做的事”,符合 “停止說話” 的語境,故填 talking。Is it necessary to learn(learn) a foreign language.【解析】句意:學一門外語有必要嗎?“It's necessary to do sth.” 是固定句型,意為 “做某事是必要的”,不定式作真正主語,故填 to learn。Do you have anything to say(say) for yourself 【解析】句意:你有什么要為自己說的嗎?不定式 “to say” 作后置定語,修飾不定代詞 “anything”,表示 “要說的事情”,故填 to say。It's spring now. It's time to plant(plant) trees.【解析】句意:現在是春天,到種樹的時候了。“It's time to do sth.” 是固定句型,意為 “到做某事的時間了”,故填 to plant。Let's have(have) a rest, shall we 【解析】句意:我們休息一下,好嗎?“Let's do sth.” 是祈使句結構,意為 “讓我們做某事”,動詞用原形,故填 have。The speaker spoke too quickly for us to understand(understand).【解析】句意:演講者說得太快,我們聽不懂。“too...for sb. to do sth.” 表示 “太…… 以至于某人不能做某事”,不定式作結果狀語,故填 to understand。I really don't know what to do(do) next.【解析】句意:我真的不知道接下來做什么。“疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構作賓語,“what to do” 表示 “做什么”,故填 to do。You'd better try(try) this medicine.【解析】句意:你最好試試這種藥。“had better do sth.” 是固定搭配,意為 “最好做某事”,動詞用原形,故填 try。I am free this afternoon. why not go(go)shopping 【解析】句意:我今天下午有空,為什么不去購物呢?“why not do sth.” 用于提建議,意為 “為什么不做某事呢”,動詞用原形,故填 go。He is the last one to leave(leave) the office everyday.【解析】句意:他每天都是最后一個離開辦公室的人。不定式 “to leave” 作后置定語,修飾 “the last one”,表示 “最后一個要做…… 的人”,故填 to leave。20. They didn't help us clean / to clean(clean)the classroom yesterday.【解析】句意:他們昨天沒幫我們打掃教室。“help sb. (to) do sth.” 表示 “幫助某人做某事”,to 可省略,故填 clean 或 to clean。三、單項選擇。( C )1.I am ready ________ you with your English homework.A.help B.helping C.to help【解析】句意:我很樂意幫助你完成英語作業。考查非謂語動詞。be ready to do sth“樂意做某事”,為固定短語。故選C。( C )2.The students were all tired, but ________ of them stopped ________ a rest.all; to have B.no one; havingC.none; to have D.nobody; having【解析】句意:學生們都很累,但沒有一個人停下來去休息。考查不定代詞和動詞不定式。all“全部”;no one“沒有人”,不與of連用;none“沒有人或物”,可以與of連用;nobody“沒有人”,不與of連用。第一空后有of,用none;stop to do指停下來去做另外一件事情,stop doing指停止做某事,此處指停下來去休息,故填to have。故選C。( B )3.Mr Li asks the students ________ in the river, because it’s too dangerous.A.to not swim B.not to swim C.to swim【解析】句意:李老師叫學生們不要在河里游泳,因為太危險了。考查非謂語動詞。根據“because it’s too dangerous.”可知在河里游泳太危險了,所以是不讓學生去,用結構ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。故選B。( C )4.It’s windy and cold outside, so we decided ________ outside.A.to go B.not go C.not to go D.don’t go【解析】句意:外面刮風又冷,所以我們決定不出去。考查非謂語動詞。decide (not) to do sth.意為“決定(不)做某事”,固定搭配,可知空格處用帶to的不定式。根據“it’s windy and cold outside”可知,很冷,所以決定不出去,空格處的不定式應用否定形式。故選C。( C )5.He practised as often as he could ________ his spoken English.A.improve B.improving C.to improve D.improved【解析】句意:他盡可能經常練習來提高他的英語口語。考查非謂語動詞。根據“his spoken English.”可知,他訓練的目的是為了提高口語,故用動詞不定式表達目的狀語。故選C。( B )6. —Millie, I don’t know________. Can you give me some advice —Why not ________ this red shirt and that pair of jeans A.what to wear; to wear B.what to wear; wearC.how to wear; to wear D.how to wear; wear【解析】句意:——米莉,我不知道穿什么。你能給我一些建議嗎?——為什么不穿這件紅色的襯衫和那條牛仔褲呢?考查疑問詞+不定式和固定搭配。what to wear穿什么;how to wear怎么穿。第一空根據“Why not…this red shirt and that pair of jeans ”可知,此處是詢問穿什么衣服,應用what to wear;第二空why not do sth“為什么不做某事?”,應用動詞原形wear。故選B。( D )7. —What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow —I haven’t got the ticket, so I don’t know ________to leave.A.what B.how C.where D.when【解析】句意:——明天你將幾點乘飛機去北京?——我還沒買飛機票,所以我不知道什么時候離開。考查特殊疑問詞辨析。what什么;how怎樣;where在哪里;when什么時候。根據“What time will you go to Beijing by plane tomorrow ”及“I haven’t got the ticket”可知,此處應是說不知道離開的時間。故選D。( C )8. —Do you have any plans for the coming new year —Yes. It’s necessary for us ________ resolutions for the Dragon Year of China.A.make B.making C.to make D.made【解析】句意:——你對即將到來的新年有什么計劃嗎?——有的。我們有必要為中國的龍年立下決心。考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處為“it is+形容詞+for sb. to do sth.”結構,意為“對于某人來說做某事是……的”,所以C項符合。故選C。( C )9.It took my sister three hours ________ her book report.A.finish B.finishing C.to finish【解析】句意:我妹妹花了3個小時完成她的讀書報告。考查it句型。此處是It takes sb some time to do sth“花費某人時間做某事”,應用不定式作真正的主語。故選C。( B )10.My mother offered ________ us to the museum.A.take B.to take C.taking【解析】句意:我的媽媽主動提出帶我們去博物館。考查非謂語動詞。offer to do sth.表示“主動提出做某事”。故選B。( B )11.Don’t forget _________ Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.A.tell B.to tell C.telling D.tells【解析】句意:見到林濤時,別忘了告訴他比賽的事。考查非謂語動詞。根據“Lin Tao about the match when you meet him.”可知,考查forget to do sth“忘記去做某事”,表示“事情還未做”,應該填“to tell”。故選B。( D )12.The purpose of the discussion is ________ children how to tell right from wrong.A.teaches B.teach C.to teaching D.to teach【詳解】句意:討論的目的是教孩子們如何明辨是非。考查非謂語動詞。根據“The purpose of the discussion is...”可知討論的目的是教孩子們如何明辨是非,故此處用動詞不定式作表語。故選D。( C )13.—Li Lei is the first ________ the finishing line.—How great he is!A.pass B.passing C.to pass【解析】句意:——李雷是第一個通過終點線的人。——他真棒啊!考查非謂語動詞。根據“the first...”可知此處用動詞不定式作定語。故選C。( C )14.Children are not allowed ________ in the hall.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running【解析】句意:孩子們不被允許在大廳里跑。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語be not allowed to do sth.“不被允許做某事”可知,空格處應用動詞不定式to run。故選C。( A )15.— What were you doing at 5:00 yesterday, Tim —I was making some signs________ around the school.to put up B. puts up C. putting up D. put up【解析】句意:—— 蒂姆,昨天 5 點你在做什么?—— 我在制作一些指示牌,準備在學校周圍張貼。考查非謂語動詞。句中 “制作指示牌” 的目的是 “張貼”,需要用不定式 to put up 作目的狀語,說明動作的目的。B 是動詞第三人稱單數形式,不符合語境;C 是現在分詞,通常表伴隨動作;D 是動詞原形或過去式,此處不表示目的。故選 A。( A )16. — It's so sad to think of pandas and other animals in danger.— Well, we can do what we can________ them.to protect B. protect C. protecting D. to protecting【解析】句意:—— 想到熊貓和其他瀕危動物真讓人難過。—— 嗯,我們可以做我們能做的來保護它們。考查非謂語動詞。“做我們能做的” 的目的是 “保護它們”,需用不定式 to protect 作目的狀語,表動作的目的。B 是動詞原形,不能直接接在句末表目的;C 是現在分詞,表伴隨;D 結構錯誤,不定式后接動詞原形。故選 A。( B )17.________ to take care of animals, he volunteered________ at the animal hospital on weekends.Learning; to work B. To learn; to workLearning; working D. To learn;working【解析】句意:為了學習照顧動物,他自愿周末在動物醫院工作。考查非謂語動詞。第一個空,“學習照顧動物” 是 “自愿工作” 的目的,需用不定式 To learn 作目的狀語;第二個空,volunteer to do sth. 是固定搭配,意為 “自愿做某事”,因此用 to work。A 中第一個空是現在分詞(表伴隨),不符合目的;C 和 D 中第二個空錯誤(volunteer 后接不定式)。故選 B。( A )18. We can make a fire________the room warm so that we can sleep well.to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept【解析】句意:我們可以生火來保持房間溫暖,這樣我們就能睡個好覺。考查非謂語動詞。“生火” 的目的是 “保持房間溫暖”,需用不定式 to keep 作目的狀語,說明動作的目的。B 是現在分詞,表伴隨或主動;C 是動詞原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;D 是過去式,不符合語境。故選 A。( D )19. We’ d better wash hands before meals ________healthy.keep B. keeping C. to keeping D. to keep【解析】句意:我們最好飯前洗手來保持健康。考查非謂語動詞。“洗手” 的目的是 “保持健康”,需用不定式 to keep 作目的狀語。A 是動詞原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;B 是現在分詞,表伴隨;C 結構錯誤(不定式后接動詞原形)。故選 D。( A )20. What are you going to do ________make your study a great success next term to help B. helping C. help D. helped【解析】句意:為了幫助你的學習下學期取得巨大成功,你打算做什么?考查非謂語動詞。句中 “做什么” 的目的是 “幫助學習成功”,需用不定式 to help 作目的狀語。B 是現在分詞,表伴隨;C 是動詞原形,不能直接接在句中表目的;D 是過去式,不符合語境。故選 A。( C )21.You’ re expected ________silent when you’ re in the library.keeping B. to kept C. to keep D. to keeping【解析】句意:當你在圖書館時,你被期望保持安靜。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語 be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事” 可知,空格處應用動詞不定式 to keep。A 是現在分詞,不符合搭配;B 中 to 后接過去式錯誤;D 中 to 后接動名詞錯誤。故選 C。( B )22. New Year’ s Day is coming. It's a time ________resolutions.A. make B. to make C. finish D. to finish【解析】句意:新年快到了,是制定決心的時候了。考查非謂語動詞。根據固定句型 It's a time to do sth.“是做某事的時候了” 可知,空格處應用動詞不定式;結合句意 “制定決心”(make resolutions),而非 “完成決心”,因此用 to make。A 是動詞原形,不符合句型;C、D 搭配或詞義不符。故選 B。( C )23. — Why do you look unhappy, Bob — My father promised ________me a new mobile phone today, but he forgot it.buy B. buying C. to buy【解析】句意:—— 鮑勃,你為什么看起來不高興?—— 我爸爸答應今天給我買一部新手機,但他忘了。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語 promise to do sth.“承諾做某事”(表示動作未做)可知,空格處應用動詞不定式 to buy。A 是動詞原形,不符合搭配;B 是動名詞,promise doing sth. 表示 “承諾做過某事”,與語境 “未做” 不符。故選 C。( C )24. The police warns the drivers ________slowly on snowy days.not drive B. to walk C. to drive【解析】句意:警察警告司機們在雪天慢點開車。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語 warn sb. to do sth.“警告某人做某事” 可知,空格處應用動詞不定式;結合句意 “慢點開車”(drive slowly),而非 “走路”,因此用 to drive。A 結構錯誤(應為 not to drive);B 詞義不符。故選 C。( A )25. My parents always expect me ________hard.to study B. study C. studying D. studied【解析】句意:我的父母總是期望我努力學習。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語 expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事” 可知,空格處應用動詞不定式 to study。B 是動詞原形,C 是動名詞,D 是過去式,均不符合搭配。故選 A。( B )26. — Would you please tell me ________this computer — Yes. Let me show you.what to use B. how to use C. when to use D. who to use【解析】句意:—— 你能告訴我怎樣使用這臺電腦嗎?—— 可以,我給你演示一下。考查 “疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構。根據答語 “我給你演示” 可知,問句是詢問 “使用電腦的方式”,應用 how to use(怎樣使用)。A 表示 “用什么”,C 表示 “何時用”,D 表示 “誰來用”,均與語境不符。故選 B。( A )27. Don't forget ________the windows before you leave the classroom.to close B. closing C. closed D. close【解析】句意:離開教室前別忘了關窗戶。考查非謂語動詞。forget to do sth. 表示 “忘記去做某事(動作未做)”,forget doing sth. 表示 “忘記做過某事(動作已做)”。結合句意 “離開前關窗”(動作未做),應用 to close。B 表示 “已關過”,與語境不符;C、D 不符合搭配。故選 A。( D )28. When he failed ________at a traffic light, he knew he broke the road rules.stopping B. to stopping C. stop D. to stop【解析】句意:當他在紅綠燈處未能停車時,他知道自己違反了交通規則。考查非謂語動詞。根據短語 fail to do sth.“未能做某事” 可知,空格處應用動詞不定式 to stop。A 是動名詞,B 結構錯誤,C 是動詞原形,均不符合搭配。故選 D。( D )29. Our teachers often encourage us ________ hard, so we usually regard them ________ our friends easily.study; for B. to study; for C. study; as D. to study; as【解析】句意:我們的老師經常鼓勵我們努力學習,所以我們通常很容易把他們當作朋友。考查非謂語動詞及固定搭配。第一空:根據短語 encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓勵某人做某事”,應用 to study;第二空:根據短語 regard...as...“把…… 當作……”,應用 as。A、C 第一空錯誤;B 第二空搭配錯誤(應為 as)。故選 D。( D )30. I'm not sure how ________to the party.goes B. going C. go D. to go【解析】句意:我不確定怎樣去派對。考查 “疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構。疑問詞 how 后接不定式(to do)作賓語,構成 how to go “怎樣去”。A 是第三人稱單數形式,B 是動名詞,C 是動詞原形,均不符合結構。故選 D。四、讀下面的這封信,并用所給單詞的正確形式填空。Dear Li Wei,How are you I have some great news 1.to tell(tell)you.Next month,I'm going to visit Mount Huangshan.I plan 2.to take(take)the train and 3.book(book)a train ticket and a hotel room online.But now I don't have enough money.In order 4.not to be(not be)short of money,I'll take Xiao Ya's advice 5.to make(make)money by selling flowers.How will you spend your holiday I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Lingling1.【解析】句意:我有一些好消息要告訴你。此處需用不定式作后置定語,修飾名詞 “news”,表示 “要告訴的消息”,“tell” 用不定式形式 “to tell”。2.【解析】句意:我計劃乘火車。“plan to do sth.” 是固定搭配,意為 “計劃做某事”,不定式作賓語,故 “take” 用不定式 “to take”。3.【解析】句意:并且計劃在網上訂火車票和酒店房間。此處與前文 “plan to take the train” 構成并列關系,“plan to do sth.” 中不定式符號 “to” 可省略,故 “book” 用原形。4.【解析】句意:為了不缺錢。“in order to do sth.” 表示 “為了做某事”,否定形式為 “in order not to do sth.”,故填 “not to be”。5.【解析】句意:我會采納小雅的建議,通過賣花賺錢。此處用不定式作目的狀語,說明 “采納建議” 的目的是 “賺錢”,故 “make” 用不定式 “to make”。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源列表 仁愛新版八上 語法第10講:動詞不定式 to do的用法(學生版) .docx 仁愛新版八上 語法第10講:動詞不定式 to do的用法(教師版) .docx 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫