資源簡介

Unit 6 At one with nature
明晰目標(biāo)——構(gòu)建單元體系
［核心單詞］
sheet region therefore
shallow prevent harmony design
harm agriculture replace material
priority beauty barrier living
narrow climate inside publish
expert branch rent limited
benefit pleasant energy system
［重點短語］ be covered in, be home to, from the bottom to the top, go to so much/the trouble to do/of doing sth., turn...into, plenty of, prevent...from..., wash away, in harmony with, provide...for, pass down, allow sb. to do sth., be at one with, in doubt, reflect on， lead to
［重點句型］1.無生命名詞作主語
2.“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義
［單元語法］定語從句（3）
［寫作任務(wù)］ 概要寫作
主題引領(lǐng)——話題語基培優(yōu)
［Landforms］
waterway n.水路；航道
basin n.盆地;凹地
valley n.山谷；溪谷
falls/waterfall n.瀑布
channel n.海峽
desert n.沙漠；荒漠
plain n.平原
range n.山脈
grassland n.草原
［Culture］
sustainable adj.可持續(xù)的
dynasty n.朝代
phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象
consequence n.后果
transition n.變遷
local customs 當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗
folk tradition 民間傳統(tǒng)
traditional culture 傳統(tǒng)文化
［Climate］
lightning n.閃電
thunder n.雷
smog n.煙霧
frost n.霜
rainy season 雨季
air quality 空氣質(zhì)量
global warming 全球變暖
climate change 氣候變化
［Agriculture］
sow v.播種
seed n.種子
grain n.谷物
terrace n.梯田
crop n.莊稼；作物
weed n.& v.（除）雜草
harvest v.收割
the 24 solar terms 二十四節(jié)氣
話題佳句
1.When man is happy, he is in harmony with himself and his environment.
人類幸福之時，便為人類自身和諧生活且與環(huán)境和諧共處之時。
2.Only by changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.
我們只有改變對待環(huán)境的方式，才能與環(huán)境和諧相處。我們只有拯救環(huán)境，才能拯救我們自己。
3.If we don't take action to protect the environment on which we are relying, we will have to face an increasingly awful situation.
如果我們不采取措施保護(hù)我們賴以生存的環(huán)境，我們將不得不面對越來越糟糕的情況。
Period 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
〈教材助讀+語基默寫〉見分冊本
精讀課文 語篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Longji Rice Terraces' bright future.
B. The functions of Longji Rice Terraces.
C. The introduction to Longji Rice Terraces.
D. The reasons for building Longji Rice Terraces.
[答案]C
Activity 2 Structure and Clues
[答案]seasons； history； areas； prevent； nature； waterways； value； attract
Activity 3 Reading for Details
1．How does the author develop paragraph 1
A. By listing the facts. B. By comparing the facts.
C. By vividly describing the scenes. D. By painting the beautiful colours.
[答案]C
2．Why does the author mention modern technology in the last paragraph
A. To show the terraces are out of date.
B. To show the terraces are still valuable.
C. To show the terraces are kept better.
D. To show why the terraces are abandoned.
[答案]B
3．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A. Modern technology helps people there produce more rice.
B. People there still value the ancient growing methods.
C. Many visitors go there to learn how to grow rice.
D. The young people there like to create great wonders.
[答案]B
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A. To show how to grow rice.
B. To encourage people to make terraces.
C. To introduce Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups in Guangxi.
D. To show how people worked in harmony with nature to create the Longji Rice Terraces.
[答案]D
Activity 4 Structural Analysis
Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.（Para.5）
［分析］ 本句為主從復(fù)合句。“Although modern... crops”為_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 從句；“for whom traditions hold much value”為“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的_ _ 從句。
［翻譯］ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]讓步狀語； 定語； 雖然現(xiàn)代技術(shù)可以幫助生產(chǎn)更多的農(nóng)作物，但這些梯田對當(dāng)?shù)厝藖碚f仍舊意義重大，他們是把傳統(tǒng)看得很重的人。
Activity 5 Grammar Filling for the passage
The Longji Rice Terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people in Guangxi. 1. （start） in the Yuan Dynasty, work on the terraces took hundreds of years, until its 2. （complete） in the early Qing Dynasty. Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom 3. the very top. So why did these people go to so much trouble 4. （turn） the entire mountains into terraces Firstly, they could increase the areas in 5. they could grow rice. Secondly, the flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed 6. . The terraces are 7. （clever） designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other. During the 8. （rain） season, rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces along these waterways. This knowledge of agriculture 9. （pass） down through families. Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder 10. （create） by people and nature working together.
[答案]
1．Starting
2．completion
3．to
4．to turn
5．which
6．a(chǎn)way
7．cleverly
8．rainy
9．is passed
10．created
Activity 6 Discussion
1．In order to live in harmony with nature, what should we do
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]We should adapt to local condition and make use of nature in an environment-friendly way.
2．What can we learn from the local Zhuang and Yao people
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]We should learn to use the land wisely and live in harmony with nature. Besides, their diligence and love for nature are what we should learn.
自查語基 知能落實
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯·識記
選出與單詞對應(yīng)的漢語釋義
A.陡的，陡峭的
B.霜
C.蒸氣
D.包，裹
E.朝代
F.莊稼，作物
G.土壤
H.梯田
1．wrap v.
2．frost n.
3．terrace n.
4．dynasty n.
5．steep adj.
6．soil n.
7．vapour n.
8．crop n.
[答案]
1．D
2．B
3．H
4．E
5．A
6．G
7．C
8．F
Ⅱ.核心詞匯·練通
根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確的單詞
1．a(chǎn) _ _ _ _ of ice 一層冰
[答案]sheet
2．the Asia-Pacific _ _ _ _ _ _ 亞太地區(qū)
[答案]region
3．This house is smaller and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ cheaper.這所房子小一點，所以價格也就便宜一些。
[答案]therefore
4．a(chǎn) _ _ _ _ _ _ dish 一個淺盤
[答案]shallow
5．_ _ _ _ _ _ the spread of the disease防止這種疾病的傳播
[答案]prevent
6．_ _ _ _ _ _ a car 設(shè)計一輛汽車
[答案]design
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯·用活
根據(jù)提示寫出相應(yīng)的單詞
1．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n．完成，結(jié)束→complete v．完成；結(jié)束 adj.完全的，徹底的→completely adv.完全地；全部地；徹底地
[答案]completion
2．_ _ _ _ _ _ n．融洽相處，和諧→harmonious adj.（關(guān)系）友好和睦的，和諧的；協(xié)調(diào)的
[答案]harmony
3．_ _ v．傷害，損害→harmful adj.有害的→（反義詞）harmless adj.無害的
[答案]harm
4．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的
[答案]agriculture
Ⅳ.重點短語·再現(xiàn)
根據(jù)語境及漢語提示填入合適的短語
1．High mountains, trees and houses _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （被覆蓋在……中） snow, showing us a beautiful scene.
[答案]are covered in
2．As we all know, rainforests _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （是……的棲息地） a wide range of animals and plants.
[答案]are home to
3．This building's height _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （從底部到頂部） is almost 30 metres, and the width is from 8 to 12 metres.
[答案]from the bottom to the top
4．Why did Yu Gong _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （不辭辛苦去） remove the mountains, Taihang and Wangwu
[答案]go to so much/the trouble to
5．By taking action and not giving up, you can _ _ your dreams _ _ （把……變?yōu)椋?reality, no matter how big or small they may seem.
[答案]turn； into
6．There are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （大量的） places for bicycle parking and most streets in the city centre have a bicycle path.
[答案]plenty of
7．His back injury may _ _ _ _ _ _ him _ _ （阻止） playing in tomorrow's game, which makes him very disappointed.
[答案]prevent； from
8．After a heavy rain, the flood caused severe damage and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （沖走） much of the soil.
[答案]washed away
9．Only when we learn to live _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （與……和諧相處） nature can we stop being a threat （威脅） to wildlife.
[答案]in harmony with
10．This hotel always _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a shoe-cleaning service _ _ （為……提供……） guests for nothing.
[答案]provides； for
11．Our traditional culture like Peking Opera should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （傳承） from one generation to the next.
[答案]passed down
Ⅴ.重點句型·呈現(xiàn)
根據(jù)課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1．無生命名詞作主語
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （夏天見證群山變得翠綠） with growing rice.（Para.1）
[答案]Summer sees the mountains turn bright green
2．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句
Building the terraces therefore meant that they could increase _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （他們可以種植水稻的面積）.（Para.3）
[答案]the areas in which they could grow rice
3．the way （+in which/that）+定語從句
But perhaps what is most significant is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （人們工作的方式） in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.（Para.4）
[答案]the way in which people have worked
創(chuàng)意課堂 點面突破
1 go to so much/the trouble to do/of doing sth.費盡周折/不辭辛苦做某事
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P83）So why did these people go to so much trouble to turn the entire mountains into terraces 那么，這些人為什么要費盡周折地把群山變成梯田呢？
（1）in trouble 處于困境之中 ask for trouble自找麻煩；自尋煩惱 get into trouble陷入困境 （2）have trouble/difficulty （in） doing sth.做某事有困難 take the trouble to do sth.不辭辛勞地做某事
【單句語法填空/完成句子】
（1） Our English teacher always takes the trouble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （listen）carefully to his students' questions, ensuring that he can provide the most helpful answers.［應(yīng)用文寫作之人物介紹］
（2） （譯林必修一U4）She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She told me she had trouble _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （concentrate） in class.
（3） 希望我的粗心大意沒有給你帶來太多的麻煩。
I hope my carelessness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信］
[答案]
（1） to listen
（2） concentrating
（3） hasn't brought/caused you too much trouble/hasn't put you to too much trouble
2 prevent v．阻擋，防止
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P83）The flat terraces catch the rainwater and prevent the soil from being washed away.
平坦的梯田可以接住雨水，防止土壤被沖走。
（1） （2）prevention n.防止，預(yù)防
【單句語法填空/語段填空/完成句子】
（1） [（2024·浙江卷1月）]But this highly informed, self-educated， and admirable person prevented me _ _ _ _ （do） so.
（2） The best _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of sandstorms is planting trees. In northern China, people _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ sandstorms by doing so for years. （prevent）
（3） 為了保持河流和湖泊清潔并防止水被污染,我們必須采取措施保護(hù)它們。
In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , we must do something to protect them.［應(yīng)用文寫作之環(huán)境保護(hù)］
[答案]
（1） doing
（2） prevention；have prevented
（3） prevent/stop/keep water from being polluted
（1）在主動語態(tài)中“keep...from...”中的from不可省略，“prevent...from...”和“stop...from...”中的from可省略；
（2）在被動語態(tài)中，這幾個短語中的from都不可省略。
3 harmony n.融洽相處，和諧
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P84）But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
但也許最有意義的是人們用與自然和諧相處的方式建造這些梯田，種植水稻。
（1）in harmony with與……和諧相處；與……協(xié)調(diào)一致 out of harmony with與……不和諧；與……不協(xié)調(diào)一致 （2）harmonious adj. 和諧的
【單句語法填空/完成句子】
（1） We gradually realize that honesty will contribute to building a warm and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （harmony） society.
（2） 這項運動對孩子們很有好處，因為它可以教孩子們?nèi)绾闻c他人融洽地合作。
The sport is great for kids, for it can teach them _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]
（1） harmonious
（2） how to work in harmony with others
4 design v.設(shè)計；制訂；計劃；謀劃；構(gòu)思 n.設(shè)計；圖案；布局；安排；意圖
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P84）The terraces are cleverly designed, with hundreds of waterways that connect with each other.
梯田設(shè)計巧妙，數(shù)百條水道相互連接。
（1）be designed for sb./sth.為某人/某事而設(shè)計 be designed to do sth.目的是做某事；被設(shè)計用于做某事 （2）by design=on purpose 故意地,蓄意地 （3）designer n. 設(shè)計者,設(shè)計師
【單句語法填空/完成句子】
（1） Many columns of the English newspaper are specially designed _ _ senior high school students to enrich our boring campus life.
（2） I'm terribly sorry to say that I have hurt your feelings, but I didn't do it design.［應(yīng)用文寫作之道歉信］
（3） 我寫信是邀請您參加我們?yōu)榱藥椭鷮χ袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)文化感興趣的國際學(xué)生而設(shè)計的活動。
I'm writing to invite you to join us in the activity _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ［應(yīng)用文寫作之邀請信］
[答案]
（1） for
（2） by
（3） （which is） designed to help the international students interested in traditional Chinese culture
5 harm v.& n.傷害，損害
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P84）These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
這些梯田也為鳥類和魚類提供了一個完美的環(huán)境，它們中的一些以傷害水稻作物的昆蟲為食。
（1）do harm to sb./sth.=do sb./sth. harm對某人/某物有害 （2）harmful adj.有害的 be harmful to...對……有害 harmless adj.無害的 be harmless to...對……無害
【同義替換】
Green tourism doesn't harm our environment and will be a new way for us to enjoy the world.
→Green tourism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our environment and will be a new way for us to enjoy the world.
→Green tourism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our environment and will be a new way for us to enjoy the world.
→Green tourism _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ our environment and will be a new way for us to enjoy the world.
[答案]does no harm to； is harmless to； isn't harmful to
6 無生命名詞作主語
【經(jīng)典例句】（教材P82）Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
夏天，隨著水稻的生長，群山變得翠綠。
無生命名詞作主語是一種擬人的手法，用來增添語言色彩，可分為以下幾類： （1）以時間、地點等名詞作主語，常用see、witness、find等動詞作謂語； （2）表示生理、心理狀態(tài)的名詞或表示某種遭遇的名詞（如word、anger、courage等）作主語，用fail、desert、escape等動詞作謂語； （3）具有行為和動作意義的名詞作主語，常用remind、make、let、lead、send、drive等動詞作謂語。
【完成句子】
（1） 上周五下午,我們學(xué)校和德國姐妹學(xué)校在操場上進(jìn)行了一場足球友誼比賽。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ between our school and the German sister school on the playground. ［應(yīng)用文寫作之報道］
（2） 非常感謝你的慷慨幫助，我無法用語言表達(dá)。
I am so grateful to your generous help and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .［應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信］
（3） 當(dāng)他不得不和她說話時，他的勇氣突然消失了，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己連一個字也說不出來。
When he had to speak to her, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , and he found himself unable to say a single word. ［讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫］
[答案]
（1） Last Friday afternoon saw a friendly football match
（2） words fail me
（3） his courage suddenly escaped him
課堂微練 即時檢驗
Ⅰ.品句填詞
1．It is really a hard job to d_ _ _ _ a perfect railway in that vast desert.
[答案]esign
2．This is a safe measure to p_ _ _ _ _ _ people who are cut off from society from being cheated by false information.
[答案]revent
3．In the morning, I woke up to find the ground outside covered with a _ _ _ _ （大片） of white snow.
[答案]sheet
4．With the development of industry and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （農(nóng)業(yè)）, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.
[答案]agriculture
5．Different _ _ _ _ _ _ （地區(qū)） have different accents, which makes it difficult for people to understand each other.
[答案]regions
6．I know that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （因此） I'm writing to invite you to an art show.
[答案]therefore
7．[（2023·浙江卷1月）]The term “hutong”, originally meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan D_ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]ynasty
8．It is found that people are more creative following the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （完成） of a tedious task.
[答案]completion
9．There is no doubt that watching TV too much does h_ _ to teenagers' eyesight.
[答案]arm
10．As we all know， the only way for us to survive is to live in h_ _ _ _ _ _ with nature.
[答案]armony
Ⅱ.詞塊運用
1．The region _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （是……的棲息地） some of the world's endangered animals, including tigers and Asian elephants.
[答案]is home to
2．The organization aims to recycle used materials and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （變廢為寶）.
[答案]turn waste into wealth
3．We must make sure that economic development is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （與……相協(xié)調(diào)） environmental protection.
[答案]in harmony with
4．Chinese kung fu is a very important and unique form of Chinese culture, which has been _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （傳承） from generation to generation.
[答案]passed down
5．There is no need to worry—you've got _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （大量的） time to prepare for the contest.
[答案]plenty of
Ⅲ.根據(jù)漢語提示并使用本部分句式結(jié)構(gòu)完成下面的小短文
With the aim of sustainable development, 1. （近來全世界見證了生態(tài)旅游的興起；無生命名詞作主語）. By being exposed to natural areas, tourists can have a pleasant experience to get close to nature. Ecotourism can provide positive experiences for both visitors and locals. Ecotourism is a true eco-friendly trip, 2. （生態(tài)旅游有利于當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句）. We have only one planet. 3. （與自然和諧相處；動詞-ing作主語） contributes to the protection of the planet.
[答案]
1．the whole world has seen the rise of ecotourism recently
2．in which ecotourism benefits the economic development of local communities
3．Living in harmony with nature
課后鞏固 多維提能
［基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固練］
維度一 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動詞的形式變換
1．Environmental problems are getting worse and worse, which will be _ _ _ _ _ _ （harm） to people's health and well-being.
[答案]harmful
2．The idea of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （harmony） relationship between humans and wetlands is becoming a reality in China.
[答案]harmonious
3．Tai Chi, marked with slow and gentle movements, is created for self-protection, strengthening of body and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （prevent） of diseases.
[答案]prevention
4．Thanks to the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （agriculture） development, farmers are leading a happy life in this area.
[答案]agricultural
5．The large factory _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in 2024, whose _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ meant plenty of job chances for the local people.（complete）
[答案]was completed； completion
維度二 固定用法和搭配
1．The company will provide benefits _ _ employees, including health insurance and retirement plans.
[答案]for
2．The book, designed _ _ young adults, turned out to be popular with the elderly.
[答案]for
3．There are plenty opportunities for kids to exchange thoughts and the communication will help them develop social skills.
[答案]of
4．Shangri-la, a place of mystery and beauty, is indeed an ideal world where people live in perfect harmony _ _ nature.
[答案]with
5．Humans pass _ _ their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education, which is essential for the development and progress of society.
[答案]down
維度三 完成句子
1．過去的十年見證了海洋物種的急劇下降，所以現(xiàn)在是我們提高海洋保護(hù)意識的時候了。（無生命名詞作主語）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in marine species, so it is high time that we raised our awareness of ocean protection.
[答案]The past ten years saw/witnessed a sharp decline
2．在許多情況下，你說話的方式比你說的內(nèi)容更重要。［the way（+in which/that）+定語從句］
In many situations, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is far more important than what you say.
[答案]the way （in which/that） you say something
3．她不辭辛苦地練習(xí)英語寫作，這就是她的作文這么好的原因。
She _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , which is why her composition is so good.
[答案]goes to the trouble to practice English writing
維度四 融合教材·主題探究
【改編自人教選必一U3】
A Summer Where the Sun Never Sleeps
I wake up to the sound of the wind buffeting the cloth of my tent. Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling whether it is morning or night is impossible. I'm above the Arctic Circle, where in summer the sun never sets. Checking my watch， I see that it is 7：30 a．m. I leave my tent and walk over to the mountain edge. Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. I'm in the remote far north of Sweden in Sarek National Park, a place with no roads or towns．
A Land of Mountains and Ice
Sarek's mountains used to be covered by vast sheets of ice. Around 9，000 years ago, this ice melted, leaving behind about 100 glaciers. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer were the Sami people, who made this territory their home. Getting here is quite difficult, so apart from the Sami very few people have ever seen Sarek. In 1909, Sarek was made a national park in order to keep the land in its natural state. Though the Sami are allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park, no one else can live here, and all new development is banned within park boundaries. At the far side of the valley, an ancient Sami cottage is visible. Close by, there are a few reindeer feeding on grass．
1．Why does the author say “telling whether it is morning or night is impossible”
A. Because the wind is too strong.
B. Because it is summer above the Arctic Circle.
C. Because the watch is broken.
D. Because the sun is shining too brightly.
2．Why was Sarek made a national park
A. Because Sarek's mountains were covered by vast sheets of ice.
B. Because there were varieties of rare animals.
C. Because the government hoped to keep Sarek in its natural state.
D. Because the Sami people made this territory their home.
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to paragraph 2
A. The Sami people arrived at Sarek's mountains earlier than reindeer.
B. In 1990, Sarek was made a national park.
C. All new development is banned within park boundaries.
D. The Sami are not allowed to continue their traditional way of life in the park.
4．Where would you most likely read this passage
A. A science article. B. A travel journal.
C. A travel brochure. D. A news report.
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．C
4．B
［綜合能力提升練］
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
[（2025·煙臺一中高一期末）]A
When I was growing up,my grandparents bought a second home in a small forest in Arkansas and would bring me there every single summer. I would spend a lot of time outside there following my grandfather around while he did yard work. We would collect cool-looking rocks and refill the hummingbird feeders.
I always remember my grandparents calling me over to the window when a deer family was in the yard or a few hummingbirds were at the feeders so that I could watch them. I would explore around in the yard by myself sometimes to look for interesting rocks and if I was lucky, I would find a turtle （龜）. If I did find a turtle, my grandfather would put it in the kiddy pool for me to observe for a few minutes. I was always amazed by these creatures. After I finished observing the turtle, my grandfather would pick it up and return it to the bush where I found it. I would watch in amazement as it slowly stuck its legs out and went back.
I always felt very at peace at my grandparents' home. It was quiet and full of interesting natural things I never got to see in Illinois. They disturbed the land around them as little as possible and didn't see it as a nuisance （討厭的東西）， but rather a beautiful view.
As Aldo Leopold, an American scientist, puts it, we should take time to enjoy and observe the natural world around us. When we do this,we find it brings us happiness and has a great value beyond just that of resources. Protection of the natural world is important because we are dependent upon it for life. We cannot worsen such a bountiful provider at such a speed because it will never return to anything like what it once was.
Whenever I get lost in the lights and noises in this forest of cement （水泥） high-rises,the memories will calm me down and make me smile.
1．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 2
A. His interest in rocks and animals.
B. His connection with the natural world.
C. His daily activities during the summer vacation.
D. His close relationship with Grandparents.
2．Why did the author feel peaceful at Grandparents' home
A. Because of the company of his grandfather.
B. Because of the time spent in the small forest.
C. Because of the undisturbed natural environment.
D. Because of the interesting hummingbirds and the turtle.
3．What does the underlined part in paragraph 4 refer to
A. Nature. B. Illinois.
C. The small forest. D. Grandparents' home.
4．What can we infer about the author from the passage
A. He is living in a city at present.
B. He always gets lost in the forest.
C. He grows up with his grandparents.
D. He feels sad about the disappearing forest.
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．A
[解析]
1．段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者在窗前看鹿、蜂鳥,尋找有趣的小石塊,找到龜并觀察龜,然后看著龜被放歸自然。因此本段主要談?wù)摰氖亲髡吲c自然世界的聯(lián)系。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“It was quiet and...around them as little as possible”可知,祖父母盡可能少地打擾周圍的土地,他們家是有趣而安靜的,因此作者感到平靜。
3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Protection of the natural world...anything like what it once was.”可知,保護(hù)自然世界很重要,因為我們的生命都依賴它,我們不能以這樣的速度使這樣一個慷慨的供應(yīng)者變得更糟,因為它永遠(yuǎn)不會恢復(fù)到以前的樣子。由此可推知，畫線部分指代上文中提到的the natural world。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,每當(dāng)作者迷失在高樓林立的城市的燈光和喧囂中時,回憶會讓作者冷靜下來。由此可推知，作者現(xiàn)在生活在城市里。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在成長過程中,在祖父母家里觀察周圍的自然世界的美好回憶。
[（2025·遼寧七校協(xié)作體高一月考）]B
The sun rises over the Cordillera mountain ranges in the Philippines, lighting up the beautiful terraced rice fields. Rows of terraces wrap around the mountainsides from the ground to the very mountaintops, as far as the eye can see. Built with stone walls at least 1,000 years old, possibly 2,000 years， they are maintained by the ancient tradition and the lifestyle of the local Ifugao people. But life here is changing， and with it comes threat to this World Heritage （遺產(chǎn)） Site.
Young people are influenced by modern media and no longer want to work such long hours. More educational opportunities mean that many choose to make a life outside of the villages and rice fields. Roads are being built, allowing trucks bearing agricultural goods and buses bringing more tourists to and fro. More tourists mean the need for more water and food, and the production of more waste and pollution. Ugly tall buildings, rather than beautiful traditional wooden homes, spring up in some villages.
Can these changes be managed so that the terraces continue to produce rice, and remain a beautiful part of our world heritage？Jimmy Padchanan, an official of the village of Mayoyao, said in an interview, “We are combining the old societies with the new， while maintaining many of our values.” He and the local people were confident that they would keep the best of the new and the strength of the past to protect the terraces, which are described as “a living cultural landscape of breathtaking beauty”.
5．What do we know about the Cordillera terraces from paragraph 1
A. They are often lit up at night.
B. They are covered with various crops.
C. They are built at the foot of the mountain.
D. They are maintained in old ways.
6．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to
A. The changing life. B. The maintenance of terraces.
C. The ancient tradition. D. The lifestyle of local people.
7．Which problem are the Cordillera terraces facing nowadays
A. Young people pay too much attention to media.
B. Many youths left the area.
C. Tourists cause safety concerns.
D. Agricultural land is largely taken up.
8．According to the passage, what will the local people do in the future
A. Stop the modernization of the region.
B. Open mind to new ideas.
C. Have a mix of old and new.
D. Involve more development in the area.
[答案]
5．D
6．A
7．B
8．C
[解析]
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Built with stone walls ... the local Ifugao people.”可知，此地的階梯稻田保存著傳統(tǒng)的方式。
6．代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But life here is changing， and with it comes threat to this World Heritage Site.”可知，it指代上文中提到的“l(fā)ife here is changing”，即一直在改變的生活。
7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Young people are influenced by...the villages and rice fields.”可知，科迪勒拉階梯稻田面臨的問題是很多年輕人離開了此地，去外地發(fā)展。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“He and the local people ... to protect the terraces”可推知，在未來，此地的居民在接受新事物的同時，也會保持著階梯稻田的傳統(tǒng)方式。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。隨著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展以及旅游業(yè)的繁榮，科迪勒拉山脈的伊富高地區(qū)的階梯稻田被破壞，威脅著這一文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)。但是當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T和居民相信，他們在發(fā)展的同時也能夠保護(hù)好傳統(tǒng)。
Ⅱ.完形填空
[（2025·湖北新高考聯(lián)考協(xié)作體高一期末）]Last night my husband and I were walking when we saw a man bending over on the ground, crushing （碾碎） something with a rock. He was so focused on his task that he didn't 1 at anyone passing by. We kept 2 him and wondered what he could be doing. I thought he was crushing stones to make something, but why would he do that
Finally, we decided to go up and ask him. He was crushing pieces of leftover （剩余的） bread that he had collected to 3 food for the birds that come here early in the morning. The large pieces of bread would be difficult for the birds to eat 4 he crushed them into powder （粉末）. Every afternoon, after coming home from his 5 as a driver, he 6 the villas （鄉(xiāng)間別墅）, collecting 7 bread from all his roommates. He then eats a quick meal and comes here, and 8 the next 1 to 2 hours carefully crushing each piece and makes a nice pile for the birds. He has been doing this for the last 3 to 4 years, which 9 us a lot. When we told him that we 10 an interest in this, he felt amazed, since for him it wasn't a big 11 . When we asked him what encouraged him to do this act of 12 , he said, “It's just something small I do, so that the leftover bread doesn't go into the 13 and the birds get food.” We shared his story with the hope that it would remind us to be 14 of leftovers and that it might 15 someone to start something similar in their own area.
1．A. make up B. look up C. get up D. pick up
2．A. reminding B. greeting C. noticing D. bothering
3．A. deliver B. prepare C. cook D. waste
4．A. and B. or C. but D. so
5．A. shelter B. job C. yard D. campus
6．A. breaks into B. goes around C. cleans up D. takes over
7．A. delicious B. sweet C. fresh D. leftover
8．A. pays B. takes C. spends D. costs
9．A. delighted B. moved C. calmed D. discouraged
10．A. took B. occupied C. flashed D. became
11．A. content B. deal C. error D. present
12．A. kindness B. trust C. respect D. bravery
13．A. well B. park C. factory D. rubbish
14．A. confident B. aware C. proud D. afraid
15．A. order B. beg C. encourage D. persuade
[答案]
1．B
2．C
3．B
4．D
5．B
6．B
7．D
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．B
12．A
13．D
14．B
15．C
[解析]
1．根據(jù)上文“He was so focused on his task”可知,男人專注于自己的事情,所以沒有抬頭看（look up）任何經(jīng)過的人。
2．根據(jù)下文“wondered what he could be doing”可知,作者他們想知道那個男人在干什么,所以就一直注意（notice）他。
3．根據(jù)上文“He was crushing pieces of leftover bread that he had collected”和下文food for the birds可知,男人碾碎他收集來的剩面包是為了給清晨來這里的鳥兒準(zhǔn)備（prepare）食物。
4．上文“The large pieces of bread would be difficult for the birds to eat”和下文“he crushed them into powder”之間為因果關(guān)系。
5．根據(jù)上文“Every afternoon, after coming home from”和下文as a driver可知,他的工作（job）是司機。
6．根據(jù)上文crushing pieces of leftover bread及下文“the villas, collecting bread from all his roommates”可知,他下班后在別墅周圍轉(zhuǎn)一圈（go around）,收集剩（leftover）面包。
7．參見上題解析。
8．根據(jù)下文“the next 1 to 2 hours carefully crushing each piece”可知,他花費（spend）時間碾碎面包。
9．根據(jù)上文“He has been doing this for the last 3 to 4 years”可知,能夠持之以恒地做一件小事,這很令人敬佩與感動（move）。
10．根據(jù)上文“We kept him and wondered what he could be doing.”可知,作者和丈夫?qū)δ腥怂龅氖虑楹芨信d趣。take an interest in意為“對……感興趣”。
11．根據(jù)下文“It's just something small I do”可知,男人覺得自己做的并不是一件至關(guān)重要的事兒（deal）。
12．根據(jù)上文“He was crushing pieces of...come here early in the morning.”可知,男人為鳥兒準(zhǔn)備食物,所以這是一種善良（kindness）的行為。
13．根據(jù)上文“so that the leftover bread doesn't go into”和下文“and the birds get food”可知,剩余的面包成了鳥兒的食物,就不會被扔進(jìn)垃圾（rubbish）里。
14．根據(jù)上文“it would remind us to be”和下文of leftovers可知,作者和丈夫分享了男人的故事,是希望這個故事能提醒大家也要注意剩飯剩菜。be aware of意為“注意到”。
15．根據(jù)下文“someone to start something similar in their own area”可知,作者和丈夫希望這個故事能鼓勵（encourage）他人也進(jìn)行類似的善意之舉。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者和丈夫外出散步時,發(fā)現(xiàn)一個男人正把收集來的剩面包碾碎,當(dāng)作給鳥兒準(zhǔn)備的食物的故事。
Ⅲ.語法填空
A sand storm often takes place in the northern China, 1. is a kind of natural disaster. China usually experiences this kind of weather between February and May, while March and April see the most frequent and the 2. （strong） sand storms. It becomes a very important environmental problem. It does lots of harm 3. the society as well as the environment. Firstly, the strong wind destroys soil and plant cover by 4. （bury） fields with sand and dust. Secondly, by leaving too much dust in the air it will 5. （serious） pollute the air. Thirdly, a sand storm will have 6. bad effect on transportation. The dust in the air makes traffic and aircraft movements more difficult. And when the sand buries the roads, the traffic will 7. （block）. When plants in the farmland are buried, food supply will lose.
Sand storms are another 8. （punish） nature gives to mankind. We should not only take effective measures 9. （stop） them, but also draw some 10. （lesson） from them. We should not develop the economy （經(jīng)濟） at the cost of the natural environment.
[答案]
1．which
2．strongest
3．to
4．burying
5．seriously
6．a(chǎn)
7．be blocked
8．punishment
9．to stop
10．lessons
[解析]
1．考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指物，應(yīng)用which。
2．考查形容詞最高級。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，and連接并列兩項；根據(jù)上文中的the most frequent可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級形式。
3．考查固定搭配。do harm to...為固定搭配，意為“對……造成損害”。
4．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，介詞by后應(yīng)用動名詞形式。
5．考查副詞。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，修飾動詞pollute。
6．考查冠詞。 have a bad effect on...為固定搭配，意為“對……產(chǎn)生不良影響”。
7．考查被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，block與主語traffic之間為被動關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且空前有will，應(yīng)填be blocked。
8．考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞作表語。
9．考查非謂語動詞。take measures to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“采取措施做某事”。
10．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。draw lessons from...為固定搭配，意為“從……中吸取教訓(xùn)”，此處應(yīng)用lesson的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在中國經(jīng)常發(fā)生的沙塵暴造成的危害，告誡我們不應(yīng)該以犧牲環(huán)境為代價發(fā)展經(jīng)濟。
Period 2 Using language
定語從句（3） “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句
要義詳析 探究語法
一、 關(guān)系代詞的確定
感知經(jīng)典
（1）（教材P84）This forms clouds from which rain falls down onto the mountain terraces once again.
這就形成了云，雨又從云中落下，落到山上的梯田里。
（2）（教材P84）Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value. 雖然現(xiàn)代技術(shù)可以幫助生產(chǎn)更多的農(nóng)作物，但這些梯田對當(dāng)?shù)厝藖碚f仍舊意義重大，他們是把傳統(tǒng)看得很重的人。
（3）（教材P85）There are hundreds of waterways, along which rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. 這里有數(shù)百條水道，雨水沿著這些水道順著山脈流入梯田里。
明悉規(guī)則
“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時關(guān)系代詞用whom，不可以用who或that；先行詞指物時關(guān)系代詞用which，不可以用that。但如果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，尤其是在口語中。
二、介詞的選取
感知經(jīng)典
（1）（教材P82）These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to whom Guangxi is home.
這些梯田是由當(dāng)?shù)氐膲炎搴同幾迦嗣耖_辟的，廣西就是他們的故鄉(xiāng)。
（2）（人教必修一U5）Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past. 書面漢語也已成為聯(lián)系中國現(xiàn)在與過去的一個重要手段。
（3）The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River.
亞馬孫河是這片熱帶雨林名字的由來，全長約6 400千米——約比長江長100千米。
明悉規(guī)則
1.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選取主要看以下三方面：
（1）根據(jù)定語從句修飾先行詞的習(xí)慣來確定介詞；
（2）根據(jù)定語從句中某些詞或短語的習(xí)慣搭配來確定介詞；
（3）根據(jù)上下文要表達(dá)的具體意思來確定介詞。
2.當(dāng)定語從句中的動詞短語含有不可拆分的介詞時，該介詞不能放在關(guān)系代詞前面。常見的這類動詞短語有l(wèi)ook at、 look into、 listen to、 hear from、 look after、 break into等。
三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的特殊用法
感知經(jīng)典
（1）（教材P84）But perhaps what is most significant is the way in which（=that） people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.
但也許最有意義的是人們用與自然和諧相處的方式建造這些梯田，種植水稻。
（2）（教材P84）These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.
這些梯田也為鳥類和魚類提供了一個完美的環(huán)境，它們中的一些以傷害水稻作物的昆蟲為食。
（3）Great changes have taken place in the city in which（=where） I was born.
我出生的那個城市已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
（4）Look at the building, the roof of which（= whose roof） is white.
看那座建筑, 它的屋頂是白色的。
（5）There are two buildings, the larger of which stands nearly a hundred feet high.
這里有兩座建筑物，較大的那座幾乎有100英尺高。
明悉規(guī)則
1.the way作先行詞，后接定語從句時，若關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語，則用in which/that，可省略。
2.“代詞（all/each/one/many/much/some/none/both）/數(shù)詞+of+which/whom”通常在定語從句中作主語，說明整體中的一部分。
3.“介詞+which”在定語從句中，可作時間、地點和原因狀語，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when、where和why。
4.“the+名詞+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)定語從句時,of which/whom充當(dāng)定語，修飾前面的名詞，整個結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“whose+名詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
5.“the+形容詞比較級/最高級+of+which/whom”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。
課堂微練 即時檢驗
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．[（2023·新高考全國卷Ⅰ）]So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at _ _ _ _ I was sure to fail
[答案]which
2．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 60% of _ _ _ _ are sold abroad.
[答案]which
3．Many young people, most of _ _ are volunteers, have taken part in the activities to support the Olympics.
[答案]whom
4．There are many good websites on _ _ _ _ you can check out the latest information, including news, entertainment, technology, and more.
[答案]which
5．The historic building is as much part of our culture as traditional Chinese paintings, which we always take great pride.
[答案]in
6．The newly-built library, the walls of _ _ _ _ are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us.
[答案]which
7．Would you be kind enough to help the boy _ _ whom Chinese is really hard to learn
[答案]for
8．Wind power is an ancient source of energy which we may return in the near future.
[答案]to
9．My father is the first person to _ _ I will turn for help when I meet difficulties.
[答案]whom
10．She is looking forward to the day on _ _ _ _ her daughter will win the gold medal in the Olympics.
[答案]which
Ⅱ.語法與寫作（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句合并下列句子）
1．He is a man of great experience. Much can be learned from him.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]He is a man of great experience, from whom much can be learned.
2．I joined the voluntary organization on that day. I will never forget the day.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]I will never forget the day on which I joined the voluntary organization.
3．I have bought two books recently. Neither of them interests my brother.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]I have bought two books recently, neither of which interests my brother.
4．I would like to thank my English teacher. I would have never passed the college entrance examination without her.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]I would like to thank my English teacher, without whom I would have never passed the college entrance examination.
5．In the Chinese class, our teacher often creates an environment. We are given the opportunity to solve problems by ourselves in the environment.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]In the Chinese class, our teacher often creates an environment in which we are given the opportunity to solve problems by ourselves.
課后鞏固 多維提能
［基礎(chǔ)知識鞏固練］
維度一 單句語法填空
1．Maria has written two novels, both of _ _ _ _ have been made into television series since 2024.
[答案]which
2．Radar has many military uses, one of _ _ _ _ is to provide information useful for navigation.
[答案]which
3．The artist's goal was to combine Western principles of art with Chinese spirit—a point which the two could meet.
[答案]at
4．Soon children in the camp had many new friends, _ _ whom they shared interesting stories happily.
[答案]with
5．The children, all of _ _ had played the whole day long, were tired and ready for bed.
[答案]whom
6．Creating an atmosphere which employees feel part of a team is important to a boss.
[答案]in
7．Yesterday, my friend and I caught a lot of fish, the _ _ _ _ _ _ （big） of which was twenty pounds.
[答案]biggest
8．The two things which they felt very proud were their daughter's polite behavior and excellent academic performance.
[答案]of
9．Thank you for your help，_ _ _ _ _ _ which we couldn't have finished the task on time.
[答案]without
10．The reason _ _ which I am writing to apply for the volunteer job is that I have the following advantages.
[答案]for
11．The day which we will win the final victory will come.
[答案]on
12．The woman whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.
[答案]to
13．This is the farm which my father grows fruit and vegetables.
[答案]on
14．There is a big window _ _ _ _ _ _ which I can see the railway station.
[答案]through
15．I have some American friends _ _ whom I have learned much about the American customs.
[答案]from
16．I wanted to find someone with _ _ I could share my travel experience.
[答案]whom
17．The scientist _ _ _ _ whom we are talking has gone abroad．
[答案]about
18．There is a table in the house which there are some bananas.
[答案]on
維度二 語法與寫作（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”完成句子）
1．學(xué)生們應(yīng)該積極參加那些能夠讓他們獲得社會知識的慈善活動。
Students should take an active part in charitable activities _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]from which they can gain social knowledge
2．[（2023·全國乙卷滿分作文）]我感到非常自豪,我和父母一起分擔(dān)家務(wù),從中我了解到父母每天做家務(wù)是多么困難。
I felt so proud that I shared housework with my parents, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ that how difficult it is for parents to do housework every day.
[答案]from which I learned
3．屋頂在大火中被毀的這座建筑現(xiàn)已修復(fù)。
The building， _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ， has been repaired.
[答案]the roof of which/of which the roof was destroyed in the big fire
4．這支籃球隊有20名隊員，其中最年輕的16歲。
The basketball team has 20 members, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]the youngest of whom is 16 years old
5．據(jù)報道，在我的家鄉(xiāng)正在建設(shè)的兩所學(xué)校將于明年開學(xué)。
It is reported that two schools, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in my hometown, will open next year.
[答案]both of which are being built
6．我認(rèn)為你總是生氣的原因可能是學(xué)習(xí)上的巨大壓力。
I think the reason _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ may be the great pressure of study.
[答案]for which you are always angry
7．父親從國外回來的那一天是這個男孩一生中最幸福的一天。
The day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is the happiest day in the boy's life.
[答案]on which his father returned from abroad
8．畢業(yè)以后，他回到那個他長大的小鎮(zhèn)上。
After graduation， he returned to the small town _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]in which he grew up
9．我還記得我們第一次去上海的那一天。
I still remember the day _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the first time.
[答案]on which we went to Shanghai
10．我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上完成的時代。
We are living in an age _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ on computers.
[答案]in which many things can be done
維度三 語篇填空（用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”填空）
The famous film tells a story of an American high school girl who woke up one day to find that her father was a king. Before she knew she was a princess, she was the most unpopular girl in school. Things changed when she knew she was a princess. She no longer had peace at the school 1. she studied. She was frightened by those who only wanted to make a fool of her or use her. It turned out that the only people 2. she could depend were those who had always stood by her in the days 3. she was unpopular. There were many moments 4. she wanted to run away from this life, but in the end she was encouraged by her father's letter and she was able to lead the life of a real princess. The film is a really good film 5. one can learn a lot.
[答案]
1．in which
2．on whom
3．during which
4．a(chǎn)t which
5．from which
［綜合能力提升練］
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
[（2025·棗莊薛城區(qū)、滕州高一期中）]A
Farmers in Italy's famous Tuscany area are struggling to save grape and olive （橄欖） crops influenced by a heatwave and dry conditions. A lack of rainfall since spring has even influenced plants that traditionally grow well in hot and dry weather.
In San Casciano in Val di Pesa, near Florence, olive trees line the hillsides. But farmers say the dry soil is preventing the trees from producing the usual production of fruit.
Tuscany is famous around the world for its olive oil and wine from grapes. Growers in the area say dry, hot weather always has a great influence on the crops and harms production. But this year's heat and lack of water happened during an important time, when the flowers were changing to the fruit. Without water, many flowers fell to the ground before they could produce fruits. This year's oil production could be cut by up to 60 percent.
Olive growers have decided to change some of their farming methods. They have used a new watering method to make up for the lack of rainfall and hot temperatures. The method works with a pipe placed under the trees to drop water little by little.
The influences of weather change have harmed production and plants, but they have also created new areas in Italy where crops can be grown. A few years ago, olive farms were mainly found in hot and dry areas such as Sicily. Now, areas such as Valle d'Aosta in the far north of Italy—which is famous for its snow sport holiday places and mountains—can produce their own oil.
Climate change is also influencing wine crops in Tuscany. In Chianti, for example, September is normally the month for the yearly grape harvest. But with continued high temperatures, many grapes are ripening （成熟） earlier than expected. Apart from the drop in grapes caused by the current heatwave, wine growers also have to deal with other serious weather events. An ice storm recently harmed 40 percent of grapes in the area.
1．What was the reason for the drop in oil production this year
A. The dry weather lasted a longer time.
B. The fruit dropped to the ground before harvest.
C. The dry weather happened in a special period.
D. It was uncommon for the crops to experience dry weather.
2．Which of the following is a good influence of the dry weather
A. It increases the planting areas of crops.
B. It encourages better farming methods.
C. It improves the taste of crops.
D. It attracts more tourists to the area.
3．What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph
A. The influences of poor grapes on red wine.
B. The harm brought by an ice storm to grapes.
C. The production of grapes dropped because of dry weather.
D. The influences of bad weather on grapes.
4．Which is the best title for the passage
A. Farmers in Italy Are Expecting Some Rain
B. New Ways Are Introduced to Fight Against Dry Weather
C. Dry Weather Influences Italy's Famous Grape & Olive Crops
D. More Areas in Italy Are Fit for Crops Because of Warming Climate
[答案]
1．C
2．A
3．D
4．C
[解析]
1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But this year's heat and...before they could produce fruits.”可知,今年橄欖油產(chǎn)量下降是因為干燥的天氣發(fā)生在一個特殊的時期。
2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“The influences of weather change...where crops can be grown.”及第五段最后一句所舉的例子可知,干燥天氣的好的影響是增加了作物的種植面積。
3．段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容，特別是“Climate change is also influencing wine crops in Tuscany.”可知,本段主要介紹了惡劣天氣對葡萄的影響。
4．標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Farmers in Italy's famous Tuscany...by a heatwave and dry conditions.”及下文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹了干燥的天氣影響了意大利著名的葡萄和橄欖作物。C項最適合作文章標(biāo)題。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了炎熱和干燥天氣對意大利的葡萄和橄欖作物的影響。
[（2025·鞍山一中高一期末考試）]B
In January 2023, Rio Verde Foothills, a desert community in Arizona, found itself in a bad situation:The water supply was cut off.
The community is made up of about 2,000 homes. For years, many in the community have depended on water trucked in from the nearby city of Scottsdale, which gets its water from the Colorado River. But the river is drying up. Scottsdale says it has to save water for its own. Now people in Rio Verde Foothills must find a solution.
Some experts say the solution is to bring water from outside the state. One idea is to build a desalination （海水淡化） plant on Mexico's Sea of Cortez. The plant will take away salt from the water and supply that water to Arizona through a 200-mile pipeline （管道）.Supporters say this can provide fresh water for about ten years.
Environmentalists say the desalination project will harm the planet in several ways. Some of the salt taken out of the Sea of Cortez might end up back in the ocean, harming wildlife. The pipeline will be harmful to land where people and animals live. And the desalination process uses lots of power. This will create greenhouse gases, which are causing the conditions that have led to Arizona's water problems.
Margaret Wilder, a professor at the University of Arizona,says the government should focus on reducing water demand （需求） rather than increasing supply. That means taking water-saving measures and controlling how many homes are built in the desert.“We need to start asking questions when people present us with unproblematic solutions to the water problem,” says Wilder.
People in Tucson,Arizona,have found a solution to the city's water shortage:rainwater. Thousands of households are collecting it and using it for cooking,for drinking, and for watering. Government leaders have taken notice. The city now requires publicly built roads to collect rainwater. Tucson also helps residents pay for equipment that collects rainwater for home use.
5．Why did Scottsdale cut off the water supply to Rio Verde Foothills
A. The locals wasted plenty of fresh water.
B. Mexico's Sea of Cortez was polluted.
C. More and more people moved to the community.
D. The water level of the Colorado River had fallen.
6．What do the environmentalists think of the desalination project
A. It won't solve the water shortage.
B. It can improve people's well-being.
C. It can't meet the community's needs.
D. It might be bad for the environment.
7．What does Margaret Wilder probably suggest
A. Increasing the water supply. B. Taking action to save water.
C. Making the most of rainwater. D. Planting trees on the river banks.
8．Where is this passage likely from
A. Newspaper. B. Guidebook. C. Diary. D. Novel.
[答案]
5．D
6．D
7．B
8．A
[解析]
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“For years, many in the...the river is drying up.”可推知,斯科茨代爾市切斷供水是因為科羅拉多河的水位下降了,供水不足。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知,環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為海水淡化項目可能對地球環(huán)境有害。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，瑪格麗特·懷爾德認(rèn)為,政府應(yīng)把重點放在減少用水需求上,而不是增加供水上,即應(yīng)采取行動節(jié)約用水。
8．文章出處題。本文第一段便簡明扼要地說明了時間、地點及事件,再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,下文圍繞第一段的主要信息展開。由此可知,本文是一篇新聞報道,文章可能選自報紙。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。科羅拉多河逐漸干涸,這導(dǎo)致里奧貝爾德山麓社區(qū)供水中斷，當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽で蠼鉀Q方案。
[（2025·滕州月考）]C
Nature works like a big clock. Everything is arranged in order and interconnected. Every part has its place and its role. Take the wolf for example. As meat-eaters, wolves regulate the number of plant-eaters so that they do not reproduce too many. All animals and plants are closely related in a system.
The wolves remind me of a story from my childhood when my grandfather gave me an old clock. The first thing I did was take the clock apart to find out how it worked. Even though I was sure that I knew how to put it back together in working order, I couldn't do it. After I rebuilt it, there were a few parts left over and a grandfather who was not in the best of moods. In the wild, wolves play the role of such parts. If we remove them, not only do the enemies of sheep and cattle disappear, but the system of nature also begins to run differently, so differently that rivers change course and many local bird species （物種） die out.
And things can also go wrong when a species is added. For example, the introduction of a nonnative fish leads to a great decrease in the local deer population. Because of a fish The earth's ecosystems, it seems, are a bit too complex （復(fù)雜的） for us to draw up simple rules of cause and effect. Even protection work can have unexpected results. Who knew, for example, that recovering crane （鶴） populations in Europe would affect the production of Iberian ham
So it's high time we took a good look at the interconnections between species both large and small. It's important for us to realize that even small interventions （干預(yù)） can have huge influences, and we'd do better to keep our hands off everything in nature that we do not have to touch.
9．What does the underlined word “regulate” mean in paragraph 1
A. Control. B. Count. C. Record. D. Increase.
10．What does the author want to show with the story in paragraph 2
A. Curiosity kills the cat. B. Every part matters.
C. Clocks are hard to rebuild. D. Grandfather's love lasts.
11．Why can things also go wrong when a species is added
A. Local species will disappear soon.
B. Rules of cause and effect are simple in nature.
C. The interconnections in nature are complex.
D. Protection projects are too hard to complete.
12．What does the author suggest people do
A. Pay more attention to small animals.
B. Stay away from protection work.
C. Take a new look at meat-eaters.
D. Think twice before stepping in.
[答案]
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．D
[解析]
9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“As meat-eaters, wolves...do not reproduce too many.”可知，狼會控制食草動物的數(shù)量，這樣就會避免食草動物的過度繁殖，畫線詞與A項意義相近。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可推知，作者通過拆解鬧鐘卻無法復(fù)原的故事，類比了如果移除自然界中的某個物種（如狼），就會導(dǎo)致整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)失衡。因此，作者想要表達(dá)的是自然界中的每個部分都很重要，不應(yīng)該被隨意移除或改變。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“And things can also go wrong...in the local deer population.”以及“The earth's ecosystems, it seems...draw up simple rules of cause and effect.”可知，地球上的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)非常復(fù)雜，添加新物種可能會破壞原有的生態(tài)平衡，導(dǎo)致意想不到的結(jié)果，即自然界的相互聯(lián)系是復(fù)雜的。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It's important for us to realize...we do not have to touch.”可推知，作者認(rèn)為即使是微小的干預(yù)也可能對自然界產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，因此建議人們在介入之前要三思。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了大自然就像一個巨大的鐘表在運作。每樣?xùn)|西都排列整齊，相互聯(lián)系。作者建議人們在干預(yù)自然界之前要三思而后行。
Ⅱ.七選五
[（2025·安徽阜南高一期中）]A simple and common way to water plants is to hold a garden pipe （管子） and let the water fall down directly on the plants and soil. This is a good choice that does not waste water. It can also help prevent plant disease. But a garden pipe is not the only way to water your plants.
The Time and Way of Watering
1. This lets the water go deep into the soil before the weather gets too hot. If you water the plants late in the day, the water will just evaporate （蒸發(fā)） from the surface. If you water the plants in the evening, the plants stay too wet overnight.
How you water the plants is just as important as when you water them. If you water the soil quickly every day, it does not help the roots, which can spread over 30 centimeters into the soil. Water the soil less often, but deep. Be careful when watering very dry soil because the water will just run off without getting into the soil.2.
Collect and Reuse Water
One way to help keep costs low for watering plants is to use used water. Instead of emptying water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants.3. You can also catch and use rainwater.
Choose Plants
Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants' sunlight needs.4. Drought-resistant （抗旱的） plants should not be overwatered when you are trying to keep thirstier plants watered.
It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants are likely to be resistant to drought.5. After that, they can live on just rainwater except during times of extreme heat.
A.Put more pipes around the plants.
B.But watering needs should be considered, too.
C.Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.
D.They just need watering for the first two years.
E.The best time to water your plants is in the morning.
F.Growing plants in containers usually needs much water.
G.Water your plants slowly and make sure the water is taken in by earth.
[答案]
1．E
2．G
3．C
4．B
5．D
[解析]
1．根據(jù)下文“This lets the water go deep...the plants stay too wet overnight.”可知,空處是在說明給植物澆水的最佳時間是早上，E項符合語境。
2．根據(jù)上文“If you water the soil quickly every day, it does not help the roots”可知,上文建議不要每天快速澆水,空處為本段最后一句,此處說明應(yīng)該慢慢澆水,確保水被泥土吸收。G項符合語境。
3．根據(jù)上文“One way to help keep costs low...and reuse it to water plants.”可知,本段的建議是把用過的水拿來給植物澆水,C項說明這么做的注意事項,承接上文，符合語境。
4．根據(jù)上文“Most gardeners just...sunlight needs.”以及下文“Drought-resistant plants...keep thirstier plants watered.”可知,空處與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折,指出要考慮澆水的需要，B項符合語境。
5．根據(jù)上文“It is also best to use...to be resistant to drought.”可知，本地植物可能抗旱,D項承接上文,且D項中的They指代上文中的These plants。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些給植物澆水的注意事項。
Ⅲ.語法填空
[（2025·常州高級中學(xué)高一期中）]It has been nearly seven years since a group of volunteers grew flowers on What Cheer Flower Farm in Rhode Island, with 1. simple goal: get flowers into the hands of anyone in need. Best of all, each one of the tens of thousands of flowers that the farm grows and 2. （deliver） is completely free of charge.
What Cheer Flower Farm was founded by three Rhode islanders 3. often gave away flowers from their own gardens and wanted the idea to grow. The farm 4. （regular） brings joy to people at local hospitals, wishing them a quick 5. （recover）.A volunteer from the farm says,“Seeing the 6. （satisfy） smiles on people's faces who weren't expecting it is great.”
The farm's flower beds lie in an industrial neighborhood that once 7. （house） a knife factory. In May, the non-profit （非營利機構(gòu)） was awarded a ＄500,000 grant from Environmental Protection Agency for its continued efforts 8. （bring） life to the once polluted land.
“Not only do we give this space back 9. the neighborhood,”says Erin Achenbach, a director,“but we are also an eco-friendly spot with the ability to help local insect and bird 10. （population）,and that'll only make people's lives better.”What Cheer Flower Farm indeed can cheer people up!What's good about a flower is that it doesn't need anything else. Your only job,when someone gives you flowers, is to enjoy them.
[答案]
1．a(chǎn)
2．delivers
3．who/that
4．regularly
5．recovery
6．satisfied
7．housed
8．to bring
9．to
10．populations
[解析]
1．考查冠詞。此處表示泛指,且simple的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。
2．考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文“that the farm grows and”可知，此處是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,在從句中空處和 grows并列，應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
3．考查定語從句。空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在從句中作主語,先行詞是three Rhode islanders,應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who/that。
4．考查副詞。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞 brings。
5．考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的a及語境可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞作wishing的賓語。
6．考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞smiles,表示“滿意的”。
7．考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據(jù)空前的once可知,此處表示過去發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用一般過去時。house在此處為動詞,意為“給……提供場地”。
8．考查非謂語動詞。空處應(yīng)用動詞不定式作后置定語，修飾efforts。
9．考查介詞。give...back to...意為“把……還給……”，為固定搭配。
10．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。population意為“（統(tǒng)稱）某領(lǐng)域的生物、族群”時為可數(shù)名詞,此處表示昆蟲和鳥類種群，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了位于羅得島的一家農(nóng)場種植鮮花并免費贈送給有需要的人。
Period 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
〈教材助讀+語基默寫〉見分冊本
精讀課文 語篇理解
Activity 1 Reading for Main Idea
What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Amazing gardening. B. History about gardening.
C. The benefits of gardening. D. British enthusiasm for gardening.
[答案]D
Activity 2 Reading for Details
1．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A. Different from people in other countries， the British people's fingers are green.
B. All the British people have their own gardens.
C. Around half the population spend most of their free time gardening.
D. Lots of Br

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