資源簡介 高中英語語法精講精練(2)—— 定語從句引入語 2一、學習目標 2二、高考考查與學習要點 2(一)考查方式 2(二)學習要點 2三、定語從句判斷 2(一)核心概念: 2(二)識別定從練習 3四、引導詞(關系詞)及用法規則 3如何選用定語從句的關系詞 3(一)關系代詞:找準 “橋梁”,連接先行詞和從句 4(二)關系副詞:明確 “時間、地點、原因”,讓從句更清晰 5(三)as 的用法:特殊搭配和 “正如” 含義要記牢 7五、定語從句分類及區別 10(一)限制性和非限制性定語從句 10(二)as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區分 13(三)要點歸納:“非限定”使用須知 15六、重點規則 16(一)that/which/who 的特殊用法 16(二)“介詞 + 關系代詞” 結構 18(三)特殊先行詞 26七、主謂一致 27(一)基礎用法及例句解析 28(二)特殊情形及易混點 28(三)主謂一致練習題 29八、基礎練習 30(一)填空題(根據句意填入合適的關系詞) 30(二)句子轉換題(用定語從句合并句子) 30九、提升練習:近五年真題 + 改編題 + 模擬題 31(一)2025 年真題 31(二)2024 年真題 32(三)2023 年真題 33(四)2022 年真題改編 33(五)2021 年真題改編 34(六)模擬題 34引入語從初中到高中,英語中的定語從句是我們要重點攻克的語法點之一。它能讓我們的句子更豐富、表達更精準。接下來,我們就一步步學習定語從句中關系代詞、關系副詞以及 as 的用法,這些內容既承接初中基礎,又為高中深入學習打基礎。一、學習目標能夠明確理解定語從句定義、語法功能,快速識別定語從句,劃分主從句界限。掌握關系詞分類、一般用法和特殊用法特殊用法,了解關系詞省略條件及 that 與 which 的用法差異等。會使用定語從句造句與改寫,在寫作中恰當使用以豐富句式。能夠在閱讀中應用,借助定語從句理解閱讀長難句。二、高考考查與學習要點(一)考查方式語法填空:重點考查關系詞的選擇,需根據先行詞性質和從句成分判斷。閱讀理解:作為長難句的重要組成部分,用于修飾名詞或代詞,需準確拆分從句與主句關系以理解文意。書面表達:恰當運用可豐富句式結構,提升表達檔次。(二)學習要點精準分析先行詞在從句中的成分(主語、賓語、狀語等),以此確定關系詞。牢記特殊用法規則,如 that 與 which 的選用差異、as 的固定搭配、“介詞 + 關系代詞” 結構中介詞的確定等。針對性練習寫作中定語從句的運用,避免出現關系詞冗余、成分殘缺等錯誤。三、定語從句判斷(一)核心概念:修飾名詞或代詞的從句,相當于形容詞。三要素:先行詞:被修飾的名詞 / 代詞關系詞:連接主句和從句(that/which/who 等)功能:在從句中作主語、賓語、狀語等真題例句(2024 年全國甲卷語法填空):They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment that they want.(先行詞:the treatment;關系詞:that;從句修飾 “治療方式”,說明是 “他們想要的治療”)(二)識別定從練習指出句中定語從句的先行詞、關系詞及關系詞在從句中的成分,劃出從句部分The man who is wearing a red jacket is my uncle.This is the school where I studied for six years.She gave me a dictionary which I keep to this day.The reason why he was late is still unknown.My sister, whose hobby is painting, won first prize in the competition.參考答案1. 先行詞:the man;關系詞:who;成分:在從句中作主語;從句是:who is wearing a red jacket2. 先行詞:the school;關系詞:where;成分:在從句中作地點狀語;從句是:where I studied for six years3. 先行詞:a dictionary;關系詞:which;成分:在從句中作賓語;從句是:which I keep to this day4. 先行詞:the reason;關系詞:why;成分:在從句中作原因狀語;從句是:why he was late5. 先行詞:my sister;關系詞:whose;成分:在從句中作定語;從句是:whose hobby is painting四、引導詞(關系詞)及用法規則如何選用定語從句的關系詞 1. 首先分清主句和定語從句2. 確定定語從句的先行詞3. 把先行詞帶回到定語從句中去,看其在定語從句中做什么語法成分(主語,賓語,定語或狀語)4. 若先行詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語則選擇關系代詞,在從句中做狀語,則選擇關系副詞。(一)關系代詞:找準 “橋梁”,連接先行詞和從句在定語從句里,關系代詞就像一座橋梁,把先行詞和從句連接起來,而且它在從句中還會充當一定的成分。先解答以下例句,再參考解題過程,最后總結到表格中The girl ______ is singing is my friend.解題:首先找到先行詞是 “the girl”,指人。再看關系詞在從句 “______ is singing” 中作主語,根據關系代詞用法,指人且作主語,所以填 who/that。The old man ______ you helped yesterday is very grateful.解題:先行詞是 “the old man”,指人。關系詞在從句 “you helped ______ yesterday” 中作賓語,指人作賓語可用 whom/who/that,且可省略,所以填 whom/who/that(可省略)。The book ______ cover is red is very interesting.解題:先行詞是 “the book”,指物。關系詞在從句中修飾 “cover”,表示 “書的封面”,作定語,表所屬關系,所以填 whose。This is the pen ______ I bought yesterday.解題:先行詞是 “the pen”,指物。關系詞在從句 “I bought ______ yesterday” 中作賓語,指物作賓語可用 which/that,且可省略,所以填 which/that(可省略)。The boy ______ is playing football is my brother.解題:先行詞是 “the boy”,指人。關系詞在從句 “______ is playing football” 中作主語,指人作主語可用 who/that,所以填 who/that。知識點小結關系代詞 指代對象 從句中成分 真題例句(2023 年新高考 2 卷)who 人 主語 / 賓語(不作介賓) The girl who is talking to the teacher is my sister.whom 人 賓語 The man (whom) you met yesterday is a doctor.which 物 主語 / 賓語 The car which is red belongs to Tom.that 人 / 物 主語 / 賓語 This is the museum that we visited last week.whose 人 / 物 定語 The house whose windows are open is mine.練習The woman ______ is sitting under the tree is my aunt.The student ______ the teacher praised yesterday is very hard-working.This is the book ______ I borrowed from the library last week.The girl ______ mother is a doctor studies very well.The flowers ______ are in the vase were bought this morning.答案及解析答案:who/that解析:先行詞是 the woman(人),在從句中作主語,所以可用 who 或 that 引導定語從句。答案:whom/who/that(可省略)解析:先行詞是 the student(人),在從句中作賓語,可用 whom、who、that 引導,且可以省略。答案:which/that(可省略)解析:先行詞是 the book(物),在從句中作賓語,可用 which 或 that 引導,也可省略。答案:whose解析:先行詞是 the girl(人),從句中需要表示 “…… 的” 作定語來修飾 mother,所以用 whose,表所屬關系。答案:which/that解析:先行詞是 the flowers(物),在從句中作主語,可用 which 或 that 引導定語從句。(二)關系副詞:明確 “時間、地點、原因”,讓從句更清晰關系副詞和關系代詞不同,它在從句中作的是狀語,分別對應時間、地點和原因。where 對應地點,說明 “在哪個地方”;when 對應時間,說明 “在哪個時間”;why 對應原因,通常和 “reason” 搭配,說明 “為什么”。先解答以下例句,再參考解題過程,最后總結到表格中I love the city ______ I grew up.解題:先行詞是 “the city”,指地點。關系詞在從句 “I grew up ______” 中作地點狀語,說明 “在這個城市長大”,所以填 where/in which。I will never forget the day ______ we met for the first time.解題:先行詞是 “the day”,指時間。關系詞在從句 “we met for the first time ______” 中作時間狀語,說明 “在這一天相遇”,所以填 when/in which。Do you know the reason ______ he was late 解題:先行詞是 “the reason”,指原因。關系詞在從句 “he was late ______” 中作原因狀語,說明 “遲到的原因”,所以填 why/for which。This is the park ______ we had a good time last weekend.解題:先行詞是 “the park”,指地點。關系詞在從句 “we had a good time ______ last weekend” 中作地點狀語,說明 “在公園玩得開心”,所以填 where/in which。I still remember the time ______ we spent together.解題:先行詞是 “the time”,指時間。但關系詞在從句 “we spent ______ together” 中作 spent 的賓語,不是狀語,所以填 which/that(可省略)。關系副詞與關系代詞的核心區別:關系副詞在從句中作狀語,而關系代詞作主語或賓語。判斷時關系詞時需先分析關系詞在從句中所作成分。知識點小結關系副詞 指代對象 從句中成分 真題例句(2024 年全國甲卷)where 地點名詞 地點狀語 This is the school where I studied.when 時間名詞 時間狀語 I remember the day when we first met.why 原因名詞(reason) 原因狀語 The reason why he was late is clear.練習I still remember the city ______ I was born.Do you know the year ______ the People's Republic of China was founded The reason ______ he was absent from the meeting is unknown.This is the park ______ we often have a picnic on weekends.I can't forget the time ______ we spent together in the countryside.答案及解析答案:where/in which解析:先行詞是 the city(地點名詞),在從句中作地點狀語,所以用 where,也可轉換為 in which(“在城市里” 用 in the city)。答案:when/in which解析:先行詞是 the year(時間名詞),在從句中作時間狀語,用 when,也可轉換為 in which(“在某年” 用 in the year)。答案:why/for which解析:先行詞是 the reason(原因名詞),在從句中作原因狀語,用 why,也可轉換為 for which(“…… 的原因” 用 for the reason)。答案:where/in which解析:先行詞是 the park(地點名詞),在從句中作地點狀語,用 where,也可轉換為 in which(“在公園里” 用 in the park)。答案:which/that(可省略)解析:先行詞是 the time(時間名詞),但在從句中作 spent 的賓語,不是作狀語,所以用 which 或 that 引導,也可省略。(三)as 的用法:特殊搭配和 “正如” 含義要記牢as 在定語從句中的用法比較特殊,我們可以分兩種情況來記。一種是在限制性定語從句中,當先行詞被 the same、such、so 等詞修飾時,要用 as,比如 “such a clever boy as everyone likes”,這里 as 指代先行詞,在從句中作成分。另一種是在非限制性定語從句中,as 有 “正如” 的意思,能指代整個主句的內容,且位置靈活,句首、句中、句末都能放,像 “As we all know, the earth is round”,就表示 “正如我們都知道的”。1. 限制性定語從句中as的用法在限制性定語從句中,如果先行詞被the same, such, as, so 等詞修飾時,定語從句應由as引導。此時 as 既可以指人,也可以指物,在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語,as作賓語不可省略。1.He is such a teacher as we respect.2.I like the same book as you do.3.It is so big a stone as no man can lift.1.1 the same...as 結構該結構中,as 指代先行詞,強調 “與…… 同樣的”,而非 “同一個”。例句:This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 這支筆和我昨天丟的那支一樣。并非同一支,as 在從句中作賓語。1.2 such...as 結構此結構中,such 修飾先行詞,as 引導定語從句,指代先行詞,在從句中可作成分。例句:We need such materials as can stand high temperature. 我們需要能耐高溫的這種材料as 在從句中作主語1.3 as...as 結構用于比較結構中,第二個 as 引導定語從句,指代先行詞。例句:She is as kind a girl as you can wish to meet. 她是你能希望遇到的那種善良的女孩。as 在從句中作賓語2. 非限制性定語從句中as的用法as 在非限制性定語從句中,指代整個主句的內容,在從句中可作主語、賓語或表語,意為 “正如、正像”,常與一些固定短語搭配,且位置靈活,可位于句首、句中或句末。2.1 常見固定搭配固定搭配 例句 as 在從句中所作成分as we know (正如我們所知) As we know, English is widely used in the world. 賓語as is known to all (眾所周知) As is known to all, the sun rises in the east. 主語as often happens (正如經常發生的那樣) He was late for school, as often happens. 主語as we expected (正如我們所預料的) He passed the exam, as we expected. 賓語as has been mentioned (正如已提及的) As has been mentioned, safety is the most important. 主語as may be imagined (正如可以想象的那樣) The journey was long, as may be imagined. 主語as we all can see (正如我們都能看到的) As we all can see, the environment is getting better. 賓語as is often the case (情況常常是這樣) He was absent, as is often the case. 主語2.2 位置特點a.位于句首:As has been said before, practice makes perfect.(正如之前所說,熟能生巧)b.位于句中:The experiment, as we had hoped, was a success.(正如我們所希望的,這個實驗成功了)c.位于句末:He was not against the plan, as I could see from his expression.(他不反對這個計劃,這從我能從他的表情看出來,as 在從句中作賓語)知識點小結用法場景 真題示例(2023 年全國乙卷)限制性定語從句(the same...as, such...as) He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.非限制性定語從句(表 “正如”) As we all know, the earth is round.3. 針對性練習This is such a difficult problem ______ no one can solve.______ is reported in the newspaper, a new school will be built here.He wore the same hat ______ he had on yesterday.She is a kind girl, ______ everyone likes.______ often happens, people with good intentions may do bad things.______ has been mentioned, we need to work together.The task was difficult, ______ may be imagined.答案及解析答案:as解析:本題考查 such...as 結構,as 引導限制性定語從句,指代先行詞 a difficult problem,在從句中作 solve 的賓語,所以填 as。答案:As解析:從句位于句首,且表示 “正如報紙上報道的那樣”,as 可位于句首引導非限制性定語從句,有 “正如” 的含義,故填 As。答案:as解析:此處為 the same...as 結構,as 引導定語從句,指代 hat,強調 “與…… 同樣的”,所以填 as。答案:as解析:本句是非限制性定語從句,as 指代 a kind girl,在從句中作 likes 的賓語,且有 “正如大家都喜歡的那種” 的含義,填 as。答案:As解析:“as often happens” 是固定搭配,意為 “正如經常發生的那樣”,as 引導非限制性定語從句,位于句首,所以填 As。答案:As解析:“as has been mentioned” 是固定搭配,意為 “正如已提及的”,as 引導非限制性定語從句,位于句首,故填 As。答案:as解析:“as may be imagined” 是固定搭配,意為 “正如可以想象的那樣”,as 引導非限制性定語從句,位于句末,指代前面 “任務很難” 這一內容,所以填 as。五、定語從句分類及區別(一)限制性和非限制性定語從句區別維度 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句意義 對先行詞起限定作用,不可或缺,去掉后句意不完整 對先行詞起補充說明作用,去掉后句意仍完整位置與逗號 緊跟先行詞,無逗號分隔 與先行詞之間有逗號分隔,可置于句中或句末先行詞 多為名詞或代詞(具體人 / 物) 可指名詞、代詞,或整個主句內容可修飾對象 僅修飾先行詞(單個名詞 / 代詞) 可修飾先行詞或整個主句引導詞 可用 that和why,關系代詞作賓語時可省略 不可用 that和why(但可用for which),關系詞不可省略真題例句 2023 新高考 2 卷:They talked about the persons and things that they remembered. 2024 新課標 Ⅰ 卷:The Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse, which guides visitors through twelve regions, offers over 300 plant species.1. 意義及句意完整性解析限制性定語從句:例句:The students who are from Class 1 will take part in the competition.解析:從句 “who are from Class 1” 限定先行詞 “the students”,明確是 “一班的學生”,若去掉從句,“The students will take part in the competition” 句意不明確,不知道是哪些學生,因此該從句不可或缺。非限制性定語從句:例句:My brother, who is a doctor, works in Beijing.解析:從句 “who is a doctor” 補充說明先行詞 “my brother” 的職業,去掉從句后,“My brother works in Beijing” 句意仍完整,不影響基本意思表達。2. 位置與逗號解析限制性定語從句:例句:This is the house where I lived ten years ago.解析:從句緊跟先行詞 “the house”,兩者之間無逗號分隔,緊密相連,體現限定關系。非限制性定語從句:例句:We visited the Great Wall, which is one of the wonders of the world.解析:從句與先行詞 “The Great Wall” 之間有逗號分隔,從句位于句末,對進行補充說明先行詞。3. 先行詞及修飾對象解析限制性定語從句:例句:I like books that are written by Mo Yan.解析:先行詞是 “books”(具體事物),從句僅修飾 “books”,限定是 “莫言寫的書”。非限制性定語從句:例句:He failed the exam, which made his parents angry.解析:先行詞是前面整個主句 “He failed the exam”,從句修飾整個主句內容,說明這件事帶來的結果。4. 引導詞解析限制性定語從句:例1:The reason why/for which he was late is that he missed the bus.(可用 why或者for which)例2:This is the pen (that) I bought yesterday.(關系代詞作賓語可省略)非限制性定語從句:例1:The reason, for which he was late, is not clear.(不可用 why,需用 for which)例2:She has a new car, which is very expensive.(關系詞 which 不可省略)5. 練習The girl ______ is wearing a red dress is my sister.(限制性,用適當引導詞)My hometown, ______ is in the south of China, is very beautiful.(非限制性,用適當引導詞)This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.(限制性,用適當引導詞)He passed the exam, ______ surprised all of us.(非限制性,用適當引導詞)I know the boy ______ you are talking about.(限制性,用適當引導詞,可省略)The book, ______ I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.(非限制性,用適當引導詞)答案及解析答案:who/that解析:此句為限制性定語從句,先行詞 “the girl” 指人,在從句中作主語,可用 who 或 that 引導,無逗號分隔,從句起限定作用。答案:which解析:本句是非限制性定語從句,先行詞 “my hometown” 指物,從句與先行詞之間有逗號分隔,引導詞不可用 that,故用 which,從句起補充說明作用。答案:that解析:這是限制性定語從句,先行詞 “film” 被最高級 “the best” 修飾,根據規則,只能用 that 引導,從句緊跟先行詞,無逗號。答案:which解析:此句為非限制性定語從句,引導詞指代前面整個主句 “He passed the exam”,說明這件事讓大家驚訝,用 which 引導,不可用 that,且與主句之間有逗號。答案:whom/who/that(可省略)解析:這是限制性定語從句,先行詞 “the boy” 指人,在從句中作介詞 “about” 的賓語,可用 whom、who、that 引導,且可以省略,從句無逗號分隔。答案:which解析:本句是非限制性定語從句,先行詞 “the book” 指物,引導詞在從句中作賓語,不可用 that,故用 which,從句與先行詞之間有逗號,起補充說明作用。(二)as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區分1. 相同點as 和 which 在引導非限制性定語從句時,存在一些核心共同點,主要體現在從句類型、指代內容以及位置使用這幾個方面,具體如下:共同點分類 具體說明 as 例句 which 例句均可指代主句整體內容 能指代主句描述的整個事件或情況 在從句中可作主語、賓語等成分。 As surprised us, he passed the exam easily.(作主語) He succeeded, as we all expected.(作賓語) He missed the train, which made him late for work.(作主語) The plan worked out well, which we hadn’t thought of.(作賓語)均可用于句中或句末 兩者都可在句中(主句中間)或句末(主句之后)使用。 The project, as you know, will be finished next month.(句中) He is a good leader, as his team members often say.(句末) The story, which I read last week, is very moving.(句中) She won the competition, which made her family proud.(句末)2. 不同點as 和 which 引導非限制性定語從句時,在位置分布、指代內容和固定搭配等方面存在明顯差異。as 常表 “正如”,位置靈活且多與固定短語搭配;which 表 “這 / 這件事”,位置受限且無固定搭配。不同點維度 as which2.1 位置分布 可位于句首、句中或句末。 僅可位于句中或句末,不能用于句首。例句 As we all know, the sun rises in the east.(句首) The plan, as you suggested, works well.(句中) He is a genius, as his achievements show.(句末) The bridge, which was built last year, is very strong.(句中) She won the prize, which made her parents happy.(句末)2.2 指代內容 多表示預料中、符合常規的情況,只指代整體。 可指代或說明整句,多為意外情況,也可修飾說明主句中的部分內容(具體事物)。例句 He studies hard, as is usual.(指代整體,符合常規) He fell ill suddenly, which was unexpected.(修飾整句,意外情況) I bought a new phone, which has a good camera.(部分內容)2.3 固定搭配 常與 see/know/expect 等動詞搭配(如 as we know) 無固定搭配,需根據句意判斷指代內容。例句 As is often the case, he was late.(固定搭配) The meeting was put off, which annoyed everyone.(無固定搭配)3. as和which區分練習______ is reported in the news, the new policy will take effect next month.He succeeded in the exam, ______ was beyond our expectation.The actress won the award, ______ we all hoped.She was late for work, ______ often happens when it rains heavily.The old castle, ______ stands on the hill, has a history of 500 years.______ everyone can see, the environment in this city has improved greatly.He told a lie to his parents, ______ made them very disappointed.The book, ______ I bought last year, has been translated into several languages.答案及解析答案:As解析:空格位于句首,且句子表達 “正如新聞中報道的那樣”,as 在非限制性定語從句中可置于句首,有 “正如” 的含義,常與 “is reported” 等搭配,符合 as 的用法特征,故填 As。而 which 引導非限制性定語從句時不能位于句首,因此排除 which。答案:which解析:此處指代 “他考試成功” 這件事,且這件事是 “超出我們預期” 的,帶有意外的意味。which 在非限制性定語從句中可指代主句內容,常用于表達客觀結果或意外情況,無 “正如” 的含義,所以填 which。as 通常用于表達預期內的情況,不符合此處語境。答案:as解析:句中 “we all hoped” 表明這是大家預期之內的事,as 在非限制性定語從句中可表達 “正如…… 所希望的”,符合這種帶有預期的語境,故填 as。which 一般不用于此類表達預期的情況。答案:as解析:“often happens” 表示 “正如經常發生的那樣”,as 有 “正如” 的意思,常與 “often happens” 搭配,用于描述常見的、符合常規的情況,所以此處填 as。which 沒有這種搭配用法。答案:which解析:先行詞是 “the old castle”,指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,指代主句中的具體事物(部分內容),且無 “正如” 的含義,這種情況下用 which 引導非限制性定語從句,故填 which。as 在此處不符合語境。答案:As解析:空格位于句首,“everyone can see” 表示 “正如每個人都能看到的”,as 可置于句首引導非限制性定語從句,表達 “正如”,符合用法要求,所以填 As。which 不能用于句首引導此類從句。答案:which解析:指代 “他向父母撒謊” 這件事,導致的結果是 “讓父母很失望”,這是一種客觀結果,且無 “正如” 的意味,which 適合用于這種表達客觀結果的語境,故填 which。as 不用于此類情況。答案:which解析:先行詞是 “the book”,關系詞在從句中作賓語,指代主句中的具體事物,整個句子只是對書的情況進行補充說明,無 “正如” 的含義,這種情況下用 which,所以填 which。as 在此處沒有合適的語義和用法支撐。(三)要點歸納:“非限定”使用須知1. 從句中所有的關系詞都不可省略2. 從句通常不能用that引導3. 在“非限定”中, 指人的關系代詞作賓語時, 只能用賓格whom, 不能用who替換, 也不能省略。4. 從句不能用why引導, 要用 for which 代替why5. 從句置于句首時, 不能用which引導; 而要用關系代詞 as 引導 (as可放主句前, 也可放主句后)六、重點規則(一)that/which/who 的特殊用法1. 只能用 that 的情況用法場景 例句先行詞為不定代詞(all,everything,anything,nothing,something,little,much,none,few,the one 等) All that we need is time.(2023 全國甲卷)先行詞被all,any,few,every,no,little,much,some等修飾時。先行詞被序數詞、最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數詞或形容詞最高級時 This is the best film that I’ve ever seen.(2023 全國甲卷)先行詞既有人又有物 They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.(2023 新高考 2 卷)先行詞被 the only, the very (正是,恰是), the last修飾 This is the only book that I need.主句以 who/which 開頭的疑問句 Who is the girl that is standing there 2. 只能用 which 的情況用法場景 例句引導非限制性定語從句 She bought a new bike, which cost 2000 yuan.(2023 浙江 1 月卷改編)介詞后指物 This is the house in which I lived.先行詞是 that What’s that which you have in your hand 3. 只能用 who 的情況用法場景 例句先行詞為指人的不定代詞 (someone, those 等) Those who break the law must be punished.there be 句型中先行詞指人 There is a boy who wants to join our club.非限制性定語從句中指人作主語 Li Ming, who is my friend, will study abroad.4. 練習All ______ we need is time.(2023 全國甲卷)She bought a new bike, ______ cost 2000 yuan.(2023 浙江 1 月卷改編)Those ______ want to go please sign here.This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.(2023 全國甲卷)Everything ______ he said at the meeting was true.The first thing ______ we should do is to protect the environment.My father and his factory ______ you visited last week are very famous.This is the very book ______ I have been looking for.Which is the car ______ was made in Germany The novel, ______ is popular among teenagers, was written by a young writer.Is there anyone ______ knows the answer to this question There is a student ______ wants to see you.Zhang Wei, ______ is our monitor, will take part in the competition.What’s that ______ is flying in the sky 參考答案:that解析:先行詞為不定代詞 all,只能用 that。which解析:非限制性定語從句,指物用 which。who解析:先行詞 those 指人,只能用 who。that解析:先行詞被最高級修飾,用 that。that解析:先行詞為不定代詞 everything,根據規則只能用 that 引導定語從句。that解析:先行詞被序數詞 the first 修飾,符合只能用 that 的情況,所以填 that。that解析:先行詞既有人(my father)又有物(his factory),這種情況下只能用 that 引導定語從句。that解析:先行詞被 the very 修飾,按照規則只能用 that,因此此處填 that。that解析:主句以 which 開頭的特殊疑問句,定語從句中關系詞只能用 that,所以填 that。which解析:本句是非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞 the novel(指物),非限制性定語從句中指物只能用 which,故填 which。who解析:先行詞 anyone 是指人的不定代詞,根據只能用 who 的規則,此處填 who。who解析:這是 there be 句型,先行詞 a student 指人,所以用 who 引導定語從句。who解析:本句是非限制性定語從句,先行詞 Zhang Wei 指人且在從句中作主語,非限制性定語從句中指人作主語只能用 who,故填 who。that解析:先行詞是指示代詞 that,這種情況下定語從句只能用 that 引導,所以填 that。(二)“介詞 + 關系代詞” 結構1. 核心構成與適用對象“介詞 + 關系代詞” 結構由 “介詞 + whom/which/whose” 構成,用于引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。具體適用對象如下:指人:使用 “介詞 + whom”指物:使用 “介詞 + which”表所屬關系(人 / 物):使用 “介詞 + whose”(可轉換為 “the + 名詞 + of+whom/which”)2 介詞選擇的依據2.1 根據定語從句中動詞的固定搭配介詞需與從句中的謂語動詞構成固定短語,常見搭配如 talk with、depend on、refer to 等。真題例句(2023 年 1 月浙江卷):The man with whom I talked is my teacher.(talk with sb. 搭配)模擬例句:This is the student to whom the teacher referred yesterday.(refer to 搭配)2.2 根據先行詞的習慣搭配介詞需符合先行詞的常用介詞搭配,如 on the farm、in the house、at the time 等。模擬例句:The farm on which they worked ten years ago has changed a lot.(on the farm 搭配)真題例句(改編):Do you remember the day on which we visited the museum (on the day 搭配)2.3 根據句子的具體語義介詞需根據句意表達的邏輯關系選擇,如 with(用)、through(通過)、without(沒有)等。模擬例句:The pen with which he is writing now was bought yesterday.(with 表示 “使用工具”)真題例句(改編):He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see outside.(through 表示 “通過”)2.4 介詞選擇的依據練習題The scientist ______ whom we often turn for help is very kind.This is the factory ______ which my father has worked for 20 years.I will never forget the day ______ which I joined the Party.The house ______ which the windows face south is mine.He is the boy ______ whom I lent my bike yesterday.There are 50 students in our class, two-thirds ______ whom are girls.The tool ______ which he is working is called a hammer.The reason ______ which he was late was that he missed the bus.The book ______ which I got a lot of information was written by a famous writer.The man ______ whom the teacher is talking is our monitor's father.答案及解析答案:to解析:本題考查根據動詞固定搭配選擇介詞。“turn to sb. for help” 是固定短語,意為 “向某人求助”,所以此處應填 to。答案:in解析:本題依據先行詞的習慣搭配選介詞。“in the factory” 表示 “在工廠里”,是常見搭配,因此填 in。答案:on解析:“on the day” 為固定搭配,指在具體的某一天,所以此處用介詞 on。答案:of解析:句意為 “窗戶朝南的那座房子是我的”,“the windows of the house” 表示 “房子的窗戶”,這里用 “of which” 來體現所屬關系,故填 of。答案:to解析:“lend sth. to sb.” 是固定短語,意為 “把某物借給某人”,所以此處填 to。答案:of解析:本題考查 “數詞 + of + 關系代詞” 結構。“two-thirds of the students” 表示 “三分之二的學生”,這里用 “of whom” 指代 “of the students”,故填 of。答案:with解析:根據句子語義,“with the tool” 表示 “用這個工具”,所以用介詞 with。答案:for解析:“the reason for...” 表示 “…… 的原因”,“for which” 可與 “why” 轉換,此處填 for。答案:from解析:“get information from the book” 意為 “從這本書中獲取信息”,依據此語義,應填 from。答案:with解析:“talk with sb.” 是固定短語,意為 “和某人交談”,所以此處填 with。與關系副詞的轉換規則3.1 核心轉換邏輯關系副詞本質上是 “介詞 + 關系代詞” 的簡化形式,二者在從句中均作狀語,可根據先行詞性質和語境相互替換。轉換公式為:關系副詞 = 介詞 + which(where/when/why 分別對應不同介詞)。3.2 分類型轉換規則及例句where 與 “介詞 + which” 的轉換適用先行詞:表示具體地點的名詞(school, city, house 等)或抽象地點的名詞(situation, case, point 等)。介詞選擇:根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣,常用 in/on/at/under 等。真題例句(2023 年新高考 1 卷):原句:This is the school where I studied.轉換句:This is the school in which I studied.(in 與 school 搭配)模擬例句(抽象地點):原句:We reached a point where we had to make a decision.轉換句:We reached a point at which we had to make a decision.(at 與 point 搭配)模擬例句(具體地點):原句:The table where we put the books is new.轉換句:The table on which we put the books is new.(on 與 table 搭配)when 與 “介詞 + which” 的轉換適用先行詞:表示時間的名詞(day, year, moment, period 等)。介詞選擇:根據時間表達的習慣搭配,常用 in/on/at/during 等。時間表達的介詞差異時間類型 常用介詞 例句(轉換形式)具體日期(day) on the day on which we met(我們相遇的那天)月份 / 年份 in the year in which he was born(他出生的年份)時刻(moment) at the moment at which the bell rang(鈴聲響起的時刻)時間段(period) during the period during which we worked(我們工作的那段時間)真題例句(2023 年全國甲卷改編):原句:I remember the day when we first met.轉換句:I remember the day on which we first met.(on 與具體日期 day 搭配)模擬例句(時間段):原句:The year when he was born was 1990.轉換句:The year in which he was born was 1990.(in 與年份 year 搭配)模擬例句(時間點):原句:The moment when the bell rang made us excited.轉換句:The moment at which the bell rang made us excited.(at 與 moment 搭配)why 與 “介詞 + which” 的轉換適用先行詞:僅用于表示原因的名詞reason。介詞固定搭配:只能用 for,構成 “for which”。真題例句(2023 年北京卷改編):原句:The reason why he was late is clear.轉換句:The reason for which he was late is clear.(for 與 reason 固定搭配)模擬例句:原句:Do you know the reason why she refused the invitation 轉換句:Do you know the reason for which she refused the invitation 4. 練習題This is the city ______ I was born.I’ll never forget the month ______ we traveled to Paris.Is there any reason ______ you changed your mind The park ______ we often play basketball is near our school.Do you remember the moment ______ we first saw each other He explained the case ______ he had to leave early.The period ______ we worked together was very happy.This is the house ______ Lu Xun once lived.The reason ______ he gave up the plan is still unknown.The point ______ we disagreed was about the budget.答案及解析答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞為 city(具體地點),“在城市里” 用 in the city,故可用 where 或 in which,均在從句中作地點狀語。答案:when(或 in which)解析:先行詞為 month(時間),“在月份里” 用 in the month,因此可用 when 或 in which,在從句中作時間狀語。答案:why(或 for which)解析:先行詞為 reason(原因),固定搭配 for the reason,故可用 why 或 for which,在從句中作原因狀語。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞為 park(具體地點),“在公園里” 用 in the park,因此用 where 或 in which,作地點狀語。答案:when(或 at which)解析:先行詞為 moment(時間點),“在某一時刻” 用 at the moment,故可用 when 或 at which,作時間狀語。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞為 case(抽象地點),表示 “在這種情況下” 用 in the case,因此用 where 或 in which,作地點狀語。答案:when(或 during which)解析:先行詞為 period(時間段),“在期間” 用 during the period,故可用 when 或 during which,作時間狀語。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞為 house(具體地點),“在房子里” 用 in the house,因此用 where 或 in which,作地點狀語。答案:why(或 for which)解析:先行詞為 reason(原因),固定搭配 for the reason,故可用 why 或 for which,作原因狀語。答案:where(或 on which)解析:先行詞為 point(抽象地點),表示 “在這一點上” 用 on the point,因此用 where 或 on which,作地點狀語。5. 特殊用法4.1 “介詞 + whose” 的轉換形式當定語從句中需要表達所屬關系時,“whose + 名詞” 結構可與 “the + 名詞 + of+whom/which” 進行轉換,兩種形式語義一致,僅結構不同。真題例句(2024 年北京卷):原句:The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.轉換句:The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us.模擬例句(指人):原句:The boy whose father is a doctor won the competition.轉換句:The boy the father of whom is a doctor won the competition.4.2 介詞不可前置的固定短語動詞當定語從句中的謂語動詞與介詞構成不可分割的固定短語(即短語動詞)時,介詞不能提前至關系代詞之前,需保留在動詞之后,此時關系代詞可省略(指物用 which/that,指人用 who /whom/ that)。常見短語動詞:look for(尋找)、look after(照顧)、take care of(照顧)、belong to(屬于)、depend on(依賴)等。正確例句:This is the patient(whom/who/that)we are looking after.錯誤例句:This is the patient after whom we are looking.真題拓展:The old man(whom)we take care of lives alone.(不可改為 The old man of whom we take care lives alone.)4.3 “代詞 / 數詞 + of + 關系代詞” 結構該結構用于表示 “部分與整體” 的關系,其中代詞(some/most/all 等)或數詞(half/one-third 等)指代整體中的一部分,關系代詞指代整體(指人用 whom,指物用 which)。真題例句(2024 年全國二卷改編):He wrote many books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.(half 指代 many books 中的一部分)模擬例句(指人):There are 50 students in our class, most of whom are from cities.(most 指代 50 students 中的大部分)拓展用法:I have three brothers, none of whom is a teacher.(none 表示 “三者及以上都不”)4.4 特殊練習題The girl ______ mother is a doctor won the first prize.(用 “介詞 + whose” 或轉換形式填空)This is the bag(______)I am looking for.(填寫關系代詞,注意介詞是否前置)He has many hobbies, ______ reading is his favorite.(用 “代詞 + of + 關系代詞” 填空)The company ______ my father works is very large.(用 “介詞 + which” 填空)We are in a situation ______ we have to work hard.(用 where 或 “介詞 + which” 填空)The old man ______ we take care of is over 90 years old.(填寫關系代詞,注意介詞位置)I have two dictionaries, ______ one is English-Chinese.(用 “數詞 + of + 關系代詞” 填空)The book ______ cover is blue is mine.(用 “介詞 + whose” 或轉換形式填空)The time ______ we stayed in Beijing was wonderful.(用 “介詞 + which” 填空)There are 100 workers in the factory, ______ 40 are women.(用 “數詞 + of + 關系代詞” 填空)答案及解析答案:whose(或 the mother of whom)解析:表示所屬關系,“the girl's mother” 可轉換為 “the mother of the girl”,故可用 whose 或 the mother of whom。答案:which/that(或不填)解析:look for 為固定短語動詞,介詞 for 不可前置,關系代詞指代 the bag(物),可用 which/that,也可省略。答案:among which解析:表示 “在眾多愛好中”,among 指 “在三者及以上之中”,關系代詞 which 指代 many hobbies,故填 among which。答案:in which解析:“在公司工作” 為 work in the company,介詞 in 與先行詞 company 搭配,故填 in which。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞 situation 為抽象地點,“在這種情況下” 用 in the situation,故可用 where 或 in which。答案:whom/who/that(或不填)解析:take care of 為固定短語動詞,介詞 of 不可前置,關系代詞指代 the old man(人),可用 whom/who/that,也可省略。答案:of which解析:表示 “兩本字典中的一本”,“one of the two dictionaries” 轉換為 “one of which”,故填 of which。答案:whose(或 the cover of which)解析:“書的封面” 可表達為 whose cover 或 the cover of which,均表示所屬關系。答案:during which解析:先行詞為 time(時間段),“在這段時間期間” 用 during the time,故填 during which。答案:of whom解析:表示 “100 名工人中的 40 名”,關系代詞 whom 指代 100 workers(人),故填 of whom。6. 轉換注意事項:介詞不可省略在 “介詞 + 關系代詞” 結構中,介詞是構成狀語的必要成分,必須保留,不可遺漏,否則會導致句子成分殘缺。錯誤示例:This is the university which I graduated.(缺少介詞 from)正確示例:This is the university from which I graduated.(graduate from 為固定搭配)真題驗證(2023 年浙江 1 月卷改編):The man with whom I talked is my teacher.(with 不可省略,因 talk with 為固定搭配)(三)特殊先行詞1. 抽象地點的特殊處理當先行詞為表示抽象地點的名詞(如 case, situation, point, stage, position、scene、spot、condition、circumstance、state、phase、level 等)時,定語從句需用 where 或 “介詞 + which” 引導,不可用 that/which,此時 where 在從句中作抽象意義上的 “地點狀語”。例句解析:We have reached a stage where(at which) we must make a choice.(stage 為抽象地點,at the stage 為固定搭配)The novel describes a scene where(in which)people fought for freedom.(scene 表示 “情景”,in the scene 為搭配)真題示例(2023 年全國乙卷):We are in a situation where we need to make a decision immediately.易混對比:This is the stage which/that we built last year.(此處 stage 為具體 “舞臺”,作從句賓語,可用 which/that)The spot which/that we visited yesterday is a famous park.(spot 此處指具體 “地點”,作賓語用 which/that)2. the way 充當先行詞作從句的方式狀語當先行詞為 the way,且在定語從句中作方式狀語時,定語從句的引導詞有三種形式:that、in which 或省略引導詞,三者語義一致,可互換使用。2.1 核心用法:① 用 that 引導:The way that he solved the problem is very clever.② 用 in which 引導:The way in which she speaks English is beautiful.③ 省略引導詞:This is the way we learn grammar.2.2真題拓展:The way(that/in which)he treats his parents is worth praising.(2024 年某省模擬題改編)2.3 易混提示:若 the way 在從句中作主語或賓語,則需用 that/which 引導,不可省略。例句:The way that/which he explained yesterday is wrong.(the way 在從句中作賓語)3. 特殊先行詞習題I don’t like the way ______ he talks to his mother.(用合適的引導詞填空,作方式狀語)We have come to a point ______ we must accept his advice.(抽象地點先行詞)The way ______ he proposed at the meeting was practical.(the way 作賓語)This is the position ______ you can get a good view of the city.(抽象地點先行詞)She didn’t understand the situation ______ we had to give up.(抽象地點先行詞)The novel sets a scene ______ people live in harmony with nature.(抽象地點先行詞)We are in a condition ______ we have to work day and night.(抽象地點先行詞)The phase ______ children learn to walk is very important.(抽象地點先行詞)答案及解析答案:that(或 in which,或不填)解析:先行詞為 the way,在從句中作方式狀語,可用 that、in which 或省略引導詞。答案:where(或 at which)解析:先行詞 point 為抽象地點,“在這一點上” 用 at the point,故用 where 或 at which。答案:that/which解析:the way 在從句中作 proposed 的賓語,需用 that/which 引導,不可省略。答案:where(或 from which)解析:先行詞 position 為抽象地點,“從這個位置” 用 from the position,故用 where 或 from which。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞 situation 為抽象地點,“在這種情況下” 用 in the situation,因此用 where 或 in which。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞 scene 為抽象地點,“在這個情景中” 用 in the scene,所以用 where 或 in which。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞 condition 為抽象地點,“在這種條件下” 用 in the condition,故用 where 或 in which。答案:where(或 in which)解析:先行詞 phase 為抽象地點,“在這個階段” 用 in the phase,因此用 where 或 in which。七、主謂一致定語從句的謂語動詞在人稱和數上需與先行詞保持一致,即謂語動詞的單復數形式由先行詞的單復數決定。(一)基礎用法及例句解析1. 核心規則:無論關系詞在從句中作何成分,謂語動詞的單復數均由先行詞的單復數確定。例句 1(先行詞為單數):The boy who is standing there is my brother.(先行詞 the boy 為單數,從句謂語用 is)例句 2(先行詞為復數):The books which are on the desk are mine.(先行詞 the books 為復數,從句謂語用 are)2. 真題示例2024 年全國甲卷:He is one of the students who are good at English.(先行詞為 students,復數,故用 are)(二)特殊情形及易混點1. 先行詞被 “one of + 復數名詞” 修飾此時先行詞為復數名詞,從句謂語用復數。例句:This is one of the novels that were written by Lu Xun.(先行詞為 novels,復數,謂語用 were)2. 先行詞被 “the only one of + 復數名詞” 修飾此時先行詞為 the only one(單數),從句謂語用單數。例句:He is the only one of the boys who has won the prize.(先行詞為 the only one,單數,謂語用 has)3. 先行詞為不定代詞(all, everything 等)不定代詞作先行詞時,從句謂語通常用單數(all 指人時可用復數)。例句 1:Everything that is worth doing is worth doing well.(everything 為單數,謂語用 is)例句 2:All who are present agree with me.(all 指人,復數,謂語用 are)4. 先行詞為集合名詞集合名詞表示整體時謂語用單數,表示個體時用復數,定語從句謂語需與之匹配。例句:The team which is from Beijing won the game.(team 表示整體,謂語用 is)對比:The team who are wearing red shirts are from Shanghai.(team 表示隊員個體,謂語用 are)(三)主謂一致練習題He is one of the teachers who ______ (know) French.This is the only one of the rooms that ______ (be) free now.Everything that ______ (happen) in the world is interesting.The family who ______ (live) next door are from England.I know a girl who ______ (be) good at playing the piano.These are the books which ______ (belong) to our school library.He is the only student who ______ (have) passed the exam.All that ______ (be) needed is time.答案及解析答案:know解析:先行詞為 teachers(復數),“one of + 復數名詞” 結構中,從句謂語與復數先行詞一致,故用 know。答案:is解析:先行詞為 the only one(單數),“the only one of + 復數名詞” 結構中,從句謂語與單數先行詞一致,故用 is。答案:happens解析:先行詞為 everything(不定代詞,單數),從句謂語用單數,故用 happens。答案:live解析:先行詞 the family 此處表示 “家人”(個體),復數概念,從句謂語用復數,故用 live。答案:is解析:先行詞 a girl(單數),從句謂語與先行詞一致,故用 is。答案:belong解析:先行詞 the books(復數),從句謂語用復數,故用 belong。答案:has解析:先行詞為 the only student(單數),“the only + 單數名詞” 結構中,從句謂語用單數,故用 has。答案:is解析:先行詞 all 此處指代事物(單數概念),從句謂語用單數,故用 is。八、基礎練習(一)填空題(根據句意填入合適的關系詞)This is the park ______ we visited last weekend.The girl ______ is standing at the door is my cousin.I still remember the day ______ we first met.This is the reason ______ he refused to attend the meeting.The book, ______ cover is blue, belongs to my teacher.We met a student ______ father is a famous scientist.He told us a story ______ made everyone laugh.This is the same bike ______ I lost last month.(二)句子轉換題(用定語從句合并句子)She has a friend. He is a doctor.I will never forget the day. I joined the club on that day.This is the house. Lu Xun once lived in this house.答案及解析(一)填空題that/which解析:先行詞是 “the park”(物),關系詞在從句中作賓語,可用 that 或 which,也可省略。who/that解析:先行詞是 “the girl”(人),關系詞在從句中作主語,可用 who 或 that。when解析:先行詞是 “the day”(時間),關系詞在從句中作時間狀語,用 when。why解析:先行詞是 “the reason”(原因),關系詞在從句中作原因狀語,用 why。whose解析:關系詞在從句中作定語,修飾 “cover”,表示 “書的封面”,用 whose。whose解析:先行詞是 “a student”,關系詞表示 “學生的父親”,用 whose。that/which解析:先行詞是 “a story”(物),關系詞在從句中作主語,用 that 或 which。as解析:固定結構 “the same...as”,表示 “和…… 一樣的”,用 as。(二)句子轉換題She has a friend who is a doctor.解析:先行詞 “a friend”(人),關系詞在從句中作主語,用 who。I will never forget the day when I joined the club.解析:先行詞 “the day”(時間),關系詞在從句中作時間狀語,用 when。This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.解析:先行詞 “the house”(地點),關系詞在從句中作地點狀語,用 where。九、提升練習:近五年真題 + 改編題 + 模擬題(一)2025 年真題(2025 年全國高考一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.答案:which解析:非限制性定語從句,先行詞是 Go, or weiqi in Chinese(圍棋),指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,用 which。(2025 年全國高考二卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, ______ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free - range, and central heating doesn’t exist.答案:where解析:非限制性定語從句,先行詞是 the countryside of Zhejiang, China(中國浙江的農村),指地點,關系詞在從句中作地點狀語,用 where。(2025 年 1 月浙江首考)Tanya is also looking beyond special - occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ______ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer - term rental period.答案:which解析:非限制性定語從句,先行詞是 less formal clothing(較休閑的服裝),指物,關系詞在從句中作 package 的賓語,用 which。(2025 高考北京卷)However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ______ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024.答案:which解析:非限制性定語從句,先行詞是 1.3 billion tons of food waste,指物,關系詞在從句中作主語,用 which。(2025 北京卷)I live next door to a couple ______ children often make a lot of noise.答案:whose解析:先行詞是 a couple,關系詞在從句中作 children 的定語,表示 “這對夫婦的”,用 whose。(二)2024 年真題The environment is facing serious problems, ______ affect everyone’s life.(2024 年北京卷)答案:which解析:非限制性從句,指代 problems,用 which。We live in a world ______ different cultures coexist.(2024 年北京卷)答案:where解析:先行詞 world 表抽象地點,用 where。This is the museum ______ we visited last week.(2024 年浙江首考卷)答案:that/which解析:先行詞 museum 指物,從句缺賓語。He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ______ were published in the 1990s.(2024 年全國二卷改編)答案:which解析:介詞后指物,用 which。______ is known to all, English is important.(2024 年全國一卷)答案:As解析:非限制性從句,表 “正如”,放句首用 as。(三)2023 年真題The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.(2023 年北京卷改編)答案:why解析:先行詞 reason 表原因,用 why。The books on the desk, ______ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.(2023 年全國甲卷)答案:whose解析:covers 與 books 是所屬關系,用 whose。They talked about the persons and things ______ they remembered.(2023 年新高考 2 卷)答案:that解析:先行詞既有人又有物,用 that。This is the best film ______ I’ve ever seen.(2023 年全國乙卷)答案:that解析:先行詞被最高級修飾,用 that。She bought a new bike, ______ cost 2000 yuan.(2023 年 1 月浙江卷)答案:which解析:非限制性從句,指物用 which。(四)2022 年真題改編The man ______ we talked to is my teacher.(改編自 2022 年全國甲卷)答案:whom/who/that解析:先行詞 the man 指人,從句中作賓語。This is the place ______ I was born.(改編自 2022 年全國乙卷)答案:where解析:先行詞 the place 表地點,用 where。I’ll never forget the day ______ we met.(改編自 2022 年新高考 1 卷)答案:when解析:先行詞 the day 表時間,用 when。This is the only book ______ I need.(改編自 2022 年浙江卷)答案:that解析:先行詞被 the only 修飾,用 that。He failed the exam, ______ made his parents angry.(改編自 2022 年北京卷)答案:which解析:非限制性從句,指代主句內容,用 which。(五)2021 年真題改編The girl ______ father is a doctor is my classmate.(改編自 2021 年全國甲卷)答案:whose解析:表所屬關系,用 whose。This is the house ______ I lived in last year.(改編自 2021 年全國乙卷)答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the house 指物,從句中作賓語。______ is reported, the project will be completed next year.(改編自 2021 年新高考 2 卷)答案:As解析:非限制性從句,表 “正如”,用 as。I have a friend ______ likes playing football.(改編自 2021 年浙江卷)答案:who/that解析:先行詞 a friend 指人,從句中作主語。The pen ______ I bought yesterday is lost.(改編自 2021 年北京卷)答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the pen 指物,從句中作賓語。(六)模擬題I. 請使用恰當的關系詞填空The boy ______ is standing there is my brother.答案:who/that解析:先行詞 the boy 指人,從句中作主語。This is the bag ______ I bought last week.答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the bag 指物,從句中作賓語。The city ______ we visited is very beautiful.答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the city 指物,從句中作賓語。I know a girl ______ can speak three languages.答案:who/that解析:先行詞 a girl 指人,從句中作主語。The book ______ cover is red is mine.答案:whose解析:表所屬關系,用 whose。I’ll never forget the year ______ we lived in the countryside.答案:when解析:先行詞 the year 表時間,用 when。This is the reason ______ he didn’t come to the meeting.答案:why解析:先行詞 the reason 表原因,用 why。The hotel ______ we stayed was very clean.答案:where解析:先行詞 the hotel 表地點,用 where。He told me a story ______ was very interesting.答案:that/which解析:先行詞 a story 指物,從句中作主語。The girl ______ you met yesterday is my sister.答案:whom/who/that解析:先行詞 the girl 指人,從句中作賓語。This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.答案:that解析:先行詞被最高級修飾,用 that。She has a brother ______ is a teacher.答案:who/that解析:先行詞 a brother 指人,從句中作主語。The house ______ windows face south is mine.答案:whose解析:表所屬關系,用 whose。I remember the day ______ I first came to this school.答案:when解析:先行詞 the day 表時間,用 when。The man ______ we are talking about is a famous writer.答案:whom/who/that解析:先行詞 the man 指人,從句中作賓語。This is the factory ______ my father works.答案:where解析:先行詞 the factory 表地點,用 where。He bought a new car, ______ cost him a lot of money.答案:which解析:非限制性從句,指物用 which。______ we all know, the sun rises in the east.答案:As解析:非限制性從句,表 “正如”,用 as。This is the same book ______ I lost last week.答案:as解析:the same...as 結構,用 as。He is such a kind man ______ everyone likes.答案:as解析:such...as 結構,用 as。The students ______ are from Class One are very clever.答案:who/that解析:先行詞 the students 指人,從句中作主語。The desk ______ leg is broken is mine.答案:whose解析:表所屬關系,用 whose。I’ll never forget the time ______ we spent together.答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the time 指物,從句中作賓語。The place ______ we had a picnic was very beautiful.答案:where解析:先行詞 the place 表地點,用 where。He told me everything ______ he knew.答案:that解析:先行詞 everything 是不定代詞,用 that。The girl ______ mother is a nurse is my friend.答案:whose解析:表所屬關系,用 whose。This is the first lesson ______ I learned in this school.答案:that解析:先行詞被序數詞修飾,用 that。The book ______ I’m reading is very interesting.答案:that/which解析:先行詞 the book 指物,從句中作賓語。The man ______ is wearing a blue shirt is my uncle.答案:who/that解析:先行詞 the man 指人,從句中作主語。She has a collection of stamps, ______ are very valuable.答案:which解析:非限制性從句,指物作主語用 which。II. 寫作應用練習1. 故宮是一座有著悠久歷史的宮殿,每年吸引著成千上萬的游客前來參觀。(提示:用which引導非限制性定語從句,指代“故宮”)2. 我們應該尊重那些為保護野生動物付出努力的人。(提示:用who引導限制性定語從句,修飾“人”)3. 這是我們學校舉辦運動會的操場,許多精彩的比賽在這里進行。(提示:用where引導定語從句,修飾“操場”)4. 他成功研發出了新的環保材料,這讓他感到非常自豪。(提示:用which引導非限制性定語從句,指代前文內容)5. 還記得我們一起在海邊看日出的那天嗎?那是我最難忘的經歷之一。(提示:用when引導定語從句,修飾“那天”)參考答案The Forbidden City is a palace with a long history, which attracts thousands of tourists every year.解析:先行詞是 “The Forbidden City”,指物,非限制性定語從句中用 which 作主語,符合附件中對非限制性定語從句指物用 which 的規則。We should respect those who have made efforts to protect wild animals.解析:先行詞是 “those”,指人,限制性定語從句中用 who 作主語,契合定語從句中先行詞指人且作主語用 who 的用法。This is the playground where our school holds sports meetings and many wonderful competitions are held here.解析:先行詞是 “the playground”,指地點,定語從句中用 where 作地點狀語,符合關系副詞 where 的使用規則。He successfully developed new environmentally friendly materials, which made him very proud.解析:which 引導非限制性定語從句,指代前文 “He successfully developed new environmentally friendly materials” 這件事,符合非限制性定語從句指代整個主句內容用 which 的考點。Do you remember the day when we watched the sunrise by the sea together It is one of my most unforgettable experiences.解析:先行詞是 “the day”,指時間,定語從句中用 when 作時間狀語,遵循關系副詞 when 修飾時間先行詞的用法。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫