資源簡介 高考英語語法專題復習專題5 非謂語動詞目 錄考點1 非謂語動詞的形式和句法功能 21. 動詞不定式變化形式 22. -ing(現在分詞和動名詞)變化形式 33. 分詞的變化形式 44. 非謂語動詞句法功能 6考點2 非謂語動詞作主語 61. 動名詞和動詞不定式作主語 62. 用形式主語it代替動詞不定式或動名詞作主語的情況 6考點3 非謂語動詞作賓語 8考點4 非謂語動詞作表語 111. 動詞不定式和動名詞作表語 112. 分詞作表語 11考點5 非謂語動詞作定語 121. 動詞不定式作定語 122. 動名詞作定語 133. 分詞作定語 14考點6 非謂語動詞作狀語 151. 動詞不定式作狀語 152. 分詞作狀語 163. 含有非謂語動詞的獨立主格結構 184. “連詞+非謂語動詞”作狀語 19考點7 非謂語動詞作補足語 191. 動詞(短語)+賓語+帶to的不定式(作賓語補足語) 202. 感官動詞+賓語+賓語補足語 203. 使役動詞+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語) 214. find/leave/keep+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語) 235. catch+賓語+現在分詞(作賓語補足語) 246. with+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語) 247. 不定式作主語補足語的常見結構 25八、專項練習 26九、答案解析 36非謂語動詞,又叫非限定動詞,是指在句子中不是謂語的動詞,主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞(分為現在分詞和過去分詞),即動詞的非謂語形式。非謂語動詞除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以充當句子任何其他成分。考點1 非謂語動詞的形式和句法功能1. 動詞不定式變化形式主動 被動一般式 to do to be done進行式 to be doing \完成式 to have done to have been done注意:① 否定形式:not+不定式,即not to do sth.② 動詞不定式的一般式:所表示的動作常發生在謂語動詞的動作之后或與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行。Would you please help me to put things in order before we leave 在我們離開之前,請幫我整理一下東西好嗎 (help和to put同時發生)The boy said he wanted to be a scientist.這男孩說他想當一名科學家。(to be在wanted之后)③ 動詞不定式的進行式:所表示的動作正在進行。When he came in, I happened to be reading a novel.他進來的時候,我碰巧在看小說。④ 動詞不定式的完成式:所表示的動作在謂語動詞的動作之前發生。I am sorry to have kept you waiting.對不起,讓你久等了。(to have kept發生在am所表示的時間之前)2. -ing(現在分詞和動名詞)變化形式主動 被動一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done現在分詞和動名詞形式一致,都是在動詞后面加-ing。兩者在句子功能方面大不相同:① -ing形式作表語:如果-ing形式相當于一個名詞,可以與主語交換位置,它就是動名詞;如果-ing形式相當于形容詞,不能與主語交換位置,它就是現在分詞。He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁。(其中standing為現在分詞)One of the best exercises is jogging.最佳的運動方式之一是慢跑。(其中jogging為動名詞)② -ing形式作定語:動名詞作定語時,說明被修飾的名詞的性能和用途,它和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上沒有主謂關系;現在分詞作定語時,表示它所修飾的名詞的行為,和它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關系(可以擴展為定語從句)。a swimming(用途)pool=a pool for swimming(動名詞)a sleeping girl=a girl who is sleeping(現在分詞)③ 常用動名詞搭配be busy/active doing sth.have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth.have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use doing sth.3. 分詞的變化形式分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩種形式。現在分詞有主動式和被動式之分,而過去分詞本身表示被動或完成,因此只有一種形式。現在分詞 主動 被動一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done過去分詞 done done現在分詞和過去分詞在句中所充當的句子功能相似,但是兩者的形式不同,在表意方面也有很大區別。① 在語態方面,現在分詞與所修飾的名詞之間是主動的邏輯關系,而過去分詞多由及物動詞變來,與所修飾的名詞之間是被動的邏輯關系,不及物動詞的過去分詞不表示被動,只表示完成。This is an exciting movie. 這是一部令人激動的電影。(exciting表主動,為現在分詞)We feel excited. 我們倍感激動。(excited表被動,為過去分詞)They picked up a lot of fallen leaves. 他們撿了很多落葉。(fallen表完成,為過去分詞)② 在時間方面,現在分詞所表示的動作往往正在進行,而過去分詞所表示的動作,往往已經完成。通過分詞的不同形式,我們可以判定動作的狀態是正在發生還是已經完成。the changing world 正在變化著的世界the changed world 已經起了變化的世界4. 非謂語動詞句法功能句法功能非謂語動詞 主語 賓語 表語 定語 狀語 補足語不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √動名詞 √ √ √ √分詞 √ √ √ √考點2 非謂語動詞作主語1. 動名詞和動詞不定式作主語動名詞作主語往往表示普通的、一般的行為,不定式作主語常表示某次具體的行為。Collecting information about children’s health is his job.收集有關兒童健康的信息是他的工作。To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。It’s very kind of you to have given us so much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。2. 用形式主語it代替動詞不定式或動名詞作主語的情況動詞不定式和動名詞作主語時,常用it作形式主語,放在原主語的位置上。(1)用形式主語it代替不定式作主語的常見句型有:A. It’s difficult(important, necessary)for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事有困難(很重要,有必要)。B. It’s kind(friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish,brave)of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是善良的(友善的,禮貌的,粗心大意的,粗魯的,殘忍的,聰明的,愚蠢的,勇敢的)。注意:不定式的邏輯主語一般由介詞for引導,但下列表示人的性格行為特征的形容詞作表語時,不定式的邏輯主語則由of引導:brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid,good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest,modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.專家說步行是一個人保持健康的最佳方式之一。It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.你發明這樣的裝置很是聰明。(2)用形式主語it代替動名詞作主語的常見句型有:A. It’s no good(use, fun)doing sth.B. It’s(a)waste of time one’s doing sth.考點3 非謂語動詞作賓語動名詞和動詞不定式可作賓語,主要有下面四種類型:1. 只接不定式作賓語,而不能接動名詞作賓語的動詞afford(付得起),apply(申請),arrange(安排),agree(同意),offer(提出),intend(打算),plan(計劃),demand(要求),ask(要求),promise(答應),help(幫忙),prepare(準備),decide(決定),refuse(拒絕),choose(選擇),wish(希望),want(想要),expect(期待,期望),pretend(假裝),manage(設法),determine(決心)2. 只接動名詞作賓語,而不能接不定式作賓語的動詞admit(承認),advise(建議),allow(允許),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),consider(考慮),delay(推遲),deny(否認),dislike(不喜歡),enjoy(喜愛),escape(逃脫),excuse(原諒),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),give up(放棄),imagine(想象),keep(保持),mention(提及),mind(介意),miss(沒趕上),permit(允許),practise(練習),prohibit(禁止),put off(推遲),risk(冒險),suggest(建議)3. 既可接不定式作賓語,也可接動名詞作賓語且意思一致的動詞有些動詞既可接動名詞作賓語,又可接不定式作賓語,且兩者意思基本相同:like(喜歡),love(喜歡),hate(憎恨),prefer(寧可),begin(開始),start(開始),continue(繼續)等。4. 既可接不定式作賓語,也可接動名詞作賓語但意思不一致的動詞有的動詞既可接不定式作賓語,也可接動名詞作賓語,兩者意思不同,要注意區別:(1)remember(記得),forget(忘記),regret(后悔)接不定式指該不定式所表示的動作還未發生,后接動名詞(有時可用完成式),則指該動名詞所表示的動作已經發生。I regret saying what I said, and I’ll remember never to say it again.我懊悔剛才所說的話,并且牢記再也不講了。(2)try接不定式表示設法做某事,接動名詞表示做某事試試(看有什么效果)。You shouldn’t try to leave the restaurant without paying. You should try communicating with the manager.你不應該試圖不付賬就離開飯店。你應該嘗試和經理溝通一下。(3)mean接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接動名詞表示意味著(要)做某事。If we mean to catch the early bus, that means getting up before five.要想趕早班車,我們就得在5點鐘以前起床。(4)stop接動名詞表示停止做某事,接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事(注意:接不定式時,不定式不是賓語,而是目的狀語)。The computer stopped working, and I had to stop to get someone to mend it.電腦壞了,我不得不停下來去找人修理電腦。(5)can’t help接動名詞表示禁不住去做某事,接不定式表示不能幫助做某事。She’s a beautiful girl, and you can’t help liking her. However, I can’t help to run after her. 她是一個漂亮的姑娘,你會禁不住喜歡她的。但我不能幫忙去追求她。(6)go on接不定式表示做完某事后接著做另一件事,接動名詞表示繼續做正在做的事。The minister went on writing for two hours, and then went on to talk about foreign policy.部長一連寫了兩個小時,接著就暢談外交政策。注意:動詞用作介詞的賓語時,要用動名詞形式,不能用不定式。但是,當非謂語動詞位于but, except后作賓語時,習慣上要用不定式,并且,當其前有動詞do時,則不定式不帶to;若其前沒有動詞do,則不定式通常帶to。She was late because of missing the bus. 她遲到了,因為沒有趕上公共汽車。We had no choice but to wait. 我們除了等待之外別無選擇。I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,沒有別的辦法。考點4 非謂語動詞作表語1. 動詞不定式和動名詞作表語不定式和動名詞作表語相當于名詞作表語,表示主語的內容,主語和表語可以對調。My job is teaching.→Teaching is my job. 我的工作是教書。My job is to teach.→To teach is my job. 我的工作是教書。2. 分詞作表語分詞作表語相當于形容詞作表語,主語和表語不可對調。分詞作表語時總是放在系動詞之后,構成系表結構,表示主語所處的狀態。-ing形式通常表示主動或進行,過去分詞則表示被動或完成。I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我覺得商店每天這個時候關門。The story sounds interesting. 這個故事聽起來很有趣。注意:現在分詞或過去分詞常用作表語的動詞有:interest, move,discourage, amuse, astonish, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy,tire, worry, surprise, bore, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, shock等。通常修飾人用過去分詞,意為“某人感覺……的”,常構成“be+過去分詞+介詞+賓語”的結構;修飾物時則用現在分詞形式,意為“令人……的”,常用來表示事物或人的特點、屬性等。I am interested in English. 我對英語感興趣。His performance is satisfying. 他的表現是令人滿意的。考點5 非謂語動詞作定語動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞都可作定語。動名詞和單獨的分詞作定語,往往位于所修飾的中心詞之前;動詞不定式和分詞短語作定語,需位于中心詞后面,即充當后置定語。1. 動詞不定式作定語不定式在句中作定語時通常為后置定語,即放在被修飾名詞或代詞后。I have nothing to say about this question. 在這個問題上,我沒有什么話要說。He was the first guest to arrive. 他是第一個到達的客人。不定式與其所修飾的詞構成邏輯上的被動關系,而該不定式為不及物動詞時,其后須加上適當的介詞,構成及物動詞短語。可轉換成:介詞+which+to do作定語。I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一張寫字用的紙。→I need a piece of paper on which to write.不定式常作下列名詞的定語:attempt, ability, anything, chance,desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity,plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.他們現在有機會出國深造。由only, last, next序數詞或形容詞的最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。Mr. Wang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.王先生總是最先到辦公室,并最后一個離開。在一些固定句型中,習慣上使用不定式。It’s your turn to speak now. 該輪到你說了。It’s time to go to school. 該上學了。2. 動名詞作定語動名詞作定語不以短語的形式出現,而且總是位于被修飾名詞之前(在許多情況下構成合成名詞),用以表示被修飾名詞的用途、目的和場合:reading room 閱覽室operating table 手術臺swimming pool 游泳池singing competition 歌詠比賽drinking water 飲用水washing machine 洗衣機3. 分詞作定語單個的分詞作定語可以置于被修飾詞語之前,但若是分詞短語作定語則應置于被修飾名詞之后。如被修飾的名詞是something, anything,everything, nothing 等,分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日。The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.被車傷著的男孩被立即送到了醫院。There is nothing interesting. 沒什么有趣的事。分詞短語作定語時,通常放在被修飾的名詞之后,它的作用相當于一個定語從句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).這將是這類小說中寫得最好的。The man waiting for you(=who is waiting for you)is your friend.正在等你的人是你的朋友。考點6 非謂語動詞作狀語動詞不定式和分詞可作狀語。兩者作狀語時應和句子主語含有邏輯上的主動或被動關系,否則應使用獨立主格結構。1. 動詞不定式作狀語動詞不定式作狀語可表示目的、原因及結果等,其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,因此動詞不定式作狀語往往用主動式。We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.我們吃飯是為了活著,但是活著不是為了吃飯。(目的狀語)She burst into tears to hear the bad news. 聽到這個壞消息后她痛哭流涕。(原因狀語)表目的的不定式還常與so as或in order連用,構成so as(not)to do sth.和in order(not)to do sth.的動詞不定式結構,在句中充當目的狀語。so as to do sth.不可用于句首。To get there in time, we got up very early. 為了及時趕到那里,我們早早地起床了。=In order to get there in time, we got up very early.=We got up very early(in order/so as)to get there in time.only to do sth.表示一個與主語愿望相反的或出乎主語意料的結果,或用來暗示最初的未能實現的動作。I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,結果最后卻失敗了。注意:有時,不定式還可獨立修飾一個句子,表明說話人的態度。常見的此類不定式有to tell you the truth(說實話),to be honest(老實說),to be frank(坦率地說),to be fair(公平地講)等。To tell you the truth, I don’t like that film. 說實話,我不喜歡那部電影。2. 分詞作狀語現在分詞和過去分詞作狀語,多說明動作發生的方式或伴隨情況。主語在邏輯上與分詞如果是主動關系,則用現在分詞,如果是被動關系則用過去分詞。分詞可以位于句首、句中或者句末,其作用相當于一個相應的狀語從句。Hearing the bad news, she burst into tears. 聽到這個壞消息,她痛哭流涕。(時間狀語)→When/as she heard the bad news, she burst into tears.(時間狀語從句)Given more time, we could have done it better.如果再多給些時間,我們可以做得更好。(條件狀語)→If we are given more time, we could have done it better.(條件狀語從句)現在分詞作結果狀語多位于句末,表示謂語動詞本身的動作造成的結果,其作用相當于一個定語從句。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱,造成那個國家洪水泛濫。→It rained heavily, which caused severe flooding in that country.如果不定式或分詞表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發生,該不定式或分詞需用完成式。I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對不起給你添了這么多麻煩。Having finished my homework, I went to play football. 完成了作業后,我出去踢球了。→After I finished my homework, I went to play football.3. 含有非謂語動詞的獨立主格結構非謂語動詞作狀語,它的邏輯主語應和句子主語保持一致。但有時非謂語動詞帶有自己的邏輯主語,在句中作狀語,這種現象稱為獨立主格結構。獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語,在語法上不是句子,一般有逗號與主句分開。有時可以用with引出。獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用,主要用于書面語。使用非謂語動詞形式的獨立主格結構可以改為狀語從句。(1)“名詞(代詞)+過去分詞”。The signal given, the bus started. 信號發出后,公共汽車就啟動了。→After the signal was given, the bus started.(2)“名詞(代詞)+現在分詞”。Today being Monday, the library isn’t open. 今天星期一,圖書館不開放。→As(Since)today is Monday, the library isn’t open.Summer coming, it gets hotter and hotter. 隨著夏天的到來,天氣越來越熱了。→As summer comes, it gets hotter and hotter.(3)“名詞(代詞)+不定式”。With so many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人來幫助他,他一定會成功的。→As so many people help him, he is sure to succeed.4. “連詞+非謂語動詞”作狀語可以看作非謂語動詞前面加連詞,也可以是狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致或者是it,并且從句謂語中含有be,把be和主語一起省略后的省略句。The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered(=unless they are watered)every day. 他的朋友送給他的花,如果不每天澆水就會死的。(water和flowers之間是被動關系)Although answering(=Although Tom answered)all the questions in the test, Tom did not get a good grade. 盡管在考試中回答了所有的問題,湯姆也沒有得到好成績。(answer和Tom之間是主動關系)考點7 非謂語動詞作補足語在主動語態句子中,動詞不定式和分詞可作賓語補足語,構成“v.+賓語+賓語補足語”的結構,當這個主動語態的句子變成被動語態,即原賓語成為句子主語時,其補足語稱作主語補足語。Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。(賓語補足語)We will not be allowed to play on the street. 我們不被允許在街上玩耍。(主語補足語)1. 動詞(短語)+賓語+帶to的不定式(作賓語補足語)有些動詞(短語)后跟帶to的不定式作補語,即:動詞(短語)+賓語+to do sth.擁有這種結構的常見動詞(短語)有:advise, appoint, allow, ask,beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love,order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。2. 感官動詞+賓語+賓語補足語感官動詞see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste,feel等的賓語補足語有3種形式,即動詞原形(省略to 的不定式,變成被動語態要加上to)、現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表示主動或正在進行,過去分詞表示被動或完成,動詞原形表示主動和完成。(1)不帶to的不定式充當感官動詞補語。I heard her sing an English song just now.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。(省略to 的不定式作賓語補足語)She was heard to sing an English song just now.剛才她被聽到唱了一首英文歌。(帶to的不定式作主語補足語)(2)現在分詞充當感官動詞補語。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經過她房間時,我聽見她在唱英文歌。(賓語補足語)She was heard singing an English song by me when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天我經過她房間時,她被我聽到在唱英文歌。(主語補足語)(3)過去分詞充當感官動詞補語。I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。(賓語補足語)The English song was heard sung many times.這首英文歌多次被聽到唱。(主語補足語)3. 使役動詞+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語)常見使役動詞let, make, have, get+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語)(1)let sb./sth. do 意為“讓某人/某物做……”。Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.讓他們留在教室里面自己做練習。(2)make sb./sth. do 意為“使/讓某人/某物做……”,變被動語態時,不定式需帶to。The teacher made the students stay after class. 老師讓這些學生下課后留下來。The students were made to stay after class. 這些學生被要求下課后留下來。(3)make sb./sth. done 意為“讓/使某人或某事被……”。He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓門,以便讓自己被人聽到。Can you easily make yourself understood in English 你能使用英文把意思表達清楚嗎?(4)have sb./sth. do意為“讓某人或某物做……”。She had her children cook dinner for her. 她讓孩子們為她做飯。(5)have sb./sth. done 意為“讓某人/某事被……”。I had my hair cut last Saturday. 上周六我理了發。(6)get sb. to do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,注意to不可省略。How can we get all the employees to arrive on time 我們如何才能讓所有員工都準時抵達?(7)get sb./sth. done意為“讓某人/某事被……”。We’re getting our house painted this weekend. 我們這周末要請人粉刷房屋。4. find/leave/keep+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語)動詞find, leave, keep也可以接非謂語動詞作補足語。She found a wallet lying on the ground.她發現一只錢包在地上。(現在分詞作賓語補足語)They found the street lined with people.他們發現大街兩側都站著人。(過去分詞作賓語補足語)He measured the cloth and found it(to be)the exact size.他量了一下布,發現大小正好合適。(不定式作賓語補足語,to be可省略)For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分時間人們還發現他在廠里某個地方工作。(被動語態,現在分詞作主語補足語)This method was found to be practicable.大家發現這方法很可行。(被動語態,動詞不定式作主語補足語)注意:不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表示完成或狀態。I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(狀態)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(完成)5. catch+賓語+現在分詞(作賓語補足語)catch可接現在分詞作賓語補足語,構成catch sb. doing的結構,意為“撞見某人正在做某事”,其被動形式為:sb. be caught doing sth。Next time I catch you stealing from others’ pockets, I’ll turn you in to the police.下次再讓我看到你偷別人口袋里的東西,我就把你送到警察局。(作賓語補足語)She was caught cheating in the exam. 她考試作弊被抓到了。(作主語補足語)6. with+賓語+非謂語動詞(作賓語補足語)(1)“with+賓語+不定式”通常表示不定式動作尚未發生或在當時看來尚未發生。With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out.有這么多工作要做,我就沒有時間出去了。(2)“with+賓語+現在分詞”指動作正在進行或在當時看來已是一種在持續的狀態。He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡著了,燈還亮著。注意:正如進行時態有時可以表示將來意義一樣,有時“現在分詞”也可表示將來意義。With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天就要到了,該買暖和衣裳了。(3)“with+賓語+過去分詞”指與其前的名詞或代詞為被動關系。She sat with her head bent. 她低著頭坐在那里。7. 不定式作主語補足語的常見結構一些動詞用于被動語態中,后面常接不定式作主語補足語,構成如下結構:Sb./Sth.+be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done.例如:Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest writers.莎士比亞被認為是最偉大的作家之一。(=It is considered that Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers.)He was said to have been cheated in the street. 據說,他在大街上被騙了。(=It was said that he has been cheated in the street.)八、專項練習I. 單句改錯。(僅限1處)1. Seen my grandparents and aunt chat happily online, my parents and I felt a sense of contentment.2. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit.3. Working hard, and you will make it.4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not.5. We hurriedly ended our meeting, left many problems to be settled.6. Paul doesn’t have to be made learn, because he always works hard.7. Suddenly there appeared a young lady dressing in green.8. During the examination we are asked staying in our seats and keep eyes on our work.9. They kept me locking in a room and I was rescued by the police two days later.10. Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to read books.II. 在空白處填寫1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。11. ① She told me the book ______(call)Pride and Prejudice.② She starred in a TV play ______(call)Katerina.12. ① We have prepared a simple dish, mainly ______(consist)of rice and vegetables.② It’s easy for us to prepare the dish, because it mainly ______(consist)of rice and vegetables.13. ① ______(know)basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.② ______(know)basic first aid techniques, and you will respond quickly to emergencies.14. ① The bridge ______(build)in 2012 helps promote tourism in this area.② The bridge ______(build)now will help promote tourism in this area.③ The bridge ______(build)next year will help promote tourism in this area.15. ① ______(see)from the top of the hill, I find the city more beautiful.② ______(see)from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.16. ① She got to the railway station in a hurry, only ______(tell)the train had already gone.② Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, ______(destroy)fourteen homes.17. ① With the work ______(finish), he went out to play.② With a lot of work ______(do), he had to stay at home.③ With the price of houses ______(go)up, many people can’t afford a new house.18. ① ______(face)with the difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.② ______(face)the difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.19. ① Though ______(tell)of the danger, he still risked his life in saving the boy.②When ______(wait)at the bus stop, I heard someone behind me shouting loudly, “Help!”20. ① ______(climb)up through the branches, I seized him, gave him a scolding and ______(drop)him softly to the ground.② I gently picked up the baby bird, climbed up the ladder and, ______(stretch)my arm out as far as I could, placed it in the nest.21. ① ______(make)it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.② ______(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.22. ① —Can I smoke here —Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke)here.② My parents don’t allow me ______(go)out at night.③ Passengers are not allowed ______(smoke).23. ① He was busy writing a story, only ______(stop)once in a while to smoke a cigarette.② I hurried to the supermarket, only ______(find)it was closed.24. ① In the past he often made his sister ______(cry), but now he is often made ______(cry)by his sister.② My father himself made some candles ______(give)light in the past.25. With tears filling his eyes, Tom shouted out the words ______(hide)in his hearts for years.26. Don’t sit there ______(do)e and help me with this table.27. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______(breathe).28. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______(walk)home in the snowstorm.29. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______(interest)in his lecture.30. The meeting room ______(be)very crowded, he had to stand.Ⅲ. 單項選擇。31. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.—Sorry. With so much work ______ my mind, I almost break down.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. fills32. Poor boy! His ______ looks and ______ hands suggested he was very afraid.A. frightening; tremblingB. frightened; tremblingC. frightening; trembledD. frightened; trembled33. All the staff in our company are considering ______ to the city center for the fashion show.A. goingB. having goneC. to have goneD. to go34. Technologically ______, this new design does better than any earlier design of the same kind.A. speakingB. spokenC. speakD. to speak35. Having finished her own painting, Mary went on ______ others in the art class.A. helpingB. to helpC. with helpD. having helped36. It is no use ______ him to give up smoking. He won’t listen!A. to persuadeB. trying to persuadeC. persuadingD. try to persuade37. I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this term.A. completingB. to completeC. completedD. being completed38. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ______ TV.A. watchingB. to watchingC. to watchD. watch39. The newly-discovered evidence led to the criminal ______ to five years in prison.A. to be sentencedB. being sentencedC. sentencedD. be sentenced40. —What is your daughter doing now —She is on the phone, ______ with one of her schoolmates.A. to chatB. chattingC. chattedD. being chatted41. ______, tears came to her eyes.A. Reading the letterB. While reading the letterC. As she was reading the letterD. To read the letter42. —What made her unhappy —______.A. Because she lost her walletB. She lost her walletC. Losing her walletD. To lose her wallet43. The head teacher insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ for the mid-exam.A. be; to prepareB. was; preparingC. be; preparingD. was; to prepare44. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose45. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry outIV. 閱讀下列短文,使用括號內動詞的正確形式(不定式、-ing形式、過去分詞)填空。A primary school has put up signs to warn parents to greet their children with a smile at the end of the day rather than staring at their screens. It has become a common sight at the school gates to see children running up to their parents, only 46 (find)them looking through a text message or scrolling through Facebook.Now the headmistress at St Joseph’s RC Primary School, in Middlesbrough, has set up the signs at all three entrances to the school, 47 (say)“Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.She said: “We are trying 48 (develop)our speaking and listening in school and we thought it was a really simple way 49 (get)the message across. It wasn’t an issue among our parents, it just emphasizes that 50 (speak)and listening helps the children to have discussions.”A parent Danielle Savage said: “I agree with it, it’s a good thing. But it only works if you’re having discussions all the time at home, not just when you’re collecting your child.”Some people when 51 (question)were more hesitant about the signs, with one parent, whose child is in the foundation stage, 52 (call)the move “a bit daft”.It is the latest school 53 (take)action against parents picking up their children at the end of the day. Last month, a head teacher banned parents from talking to teachers and set up an exclusion zone to prevent abuse at the school gates.Almost a third of children 54 (start)school are not ready for the classroom, with many lacking social skills, having speech problems or not toilet 55 (train), the survey of senior primary school staff found.九、答案解析I.1. Seen改為Seeing 考查分詞作狀語。see與句子主語my parents and I是主動關系,因此應用現在分詞作狀語。2. sit后面加on 考查不定式作定語。如果不定式為不及物動詞,其后應有必要的介詞。當動詞與介詞連用時,常位于“形容詞+動詞不定式”結構的末尾。3. 去掉and,或者Working改為Work 考查句子結構。若改為前者,working hard是現在分詞作條件狀語;若改為后者,整個句子變為祈使條件句。4. not后面加to 考查不定式的省略。not to為not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to這個詞,而不必重復整個不定式詞組。5. left改為leaving,或者在left前面加and或者which 考查句子結構。若改為leaving,為分詞作結果狀語;若加and則改為了并列句;加which則為非限制性定語從句。6. made后面加to 考查使役動詞。make作使役動詞時,主動語態中后接不帶to 的動詞不定式,當其用于被動語態時,to 不可省略。7. dressing改為dressed 考查過去分詞短語作定語。表示“穿著什么衣服”用wearing或(be)dressed(in)或dressing oneself。8. staying改為to stay 考查不定式充當主補。此處應為be asked to do sth.的結構,其主動語態形式為ask sb. to do sth.,應當使用不定式充當補語。9. locking改為locked 考查過去分詞作賓補。此處為“keep sb.+分詞”的結構,由was rescued by the police(被警方營救)這一信息可知,me和lock之間是被動關系,即“被鎖”,因此應用過去分詞locked。10. read改為reading 考查動名詞作介詞賓語。access to短語中的to為介詞,故應用動名詞作賓語。II.11. ① was called 考查時態和語態。句意:她告訴我這本書被稱作《傲慢與偏見》,本句中call為賓語從句的謂語動詞,為被動語態,故應為was called。② called 考查非謂語動詞。句意:她主演了一部被稱作《凱特琳娜》的電視劇,本句中call修飾play,充當其后置定語,應使用過去分詞called,相當于which is called...12. ① consisting 考查非謂語動詞。句意:我們已經準備了簡單的飯菜,主要是米飯和蔬菜。 根據句中逗號判斷,consist of與a simple dish之間是主動關系,故此處是現在分詞短語作后置定語,相當于定語從句which consists of rice and vegetables。② consists of 考查時態和語態。句意:我們準備飯菜很容易,因為主要是米飯和蔬菜。句子有because,因此是原因狀語從句,根據主句時態判斷從句也應該是一般現在時態。此外,consist of意為“由……組成”,沒有被動語態的形式。13. ① Knowing/To know 考查非謂語動詞作主語。句意:了解基本的急救技能將有助于你對緊急事件做出迅速反應。動詞不能直接作主語,因此需要變為動名詞或者動詞不定式。② Know 考查祈使條件句。句意:如果了解基本的急救技能,你就會對緊急事件做出迅速反應。此處是“祈使句+and+陳述句”的結構,祈使句相當于條件狀語從句。14. ① built ② being built ③ to be built 考查非謂語動詞作后置定語。 三個句子的邏輯主語都是The bridge,與build 之間是被動關系,分別根據in 2012,now和next year判斷非謂語動詞形式。15. ① Seeing ② Seen考查非謂語動詞作狀語。分別根據兩個句子的邏輯主語I/the city與see之間的關系,前者是主動,后者是被動關系。16. ① to be told ② destroying 考查非謂語動詞作結果狀語。only to do 的意思是“不料(卻)……,結果(卻)……”,表示一個沒有料到的結果。doing 的意思是“結果就……”,表示一個意料之中的結果。17. ① finished ② to do ③ going 考查with的復合結構。根據三個句子句意判斷,finish與work之間構成被動關系,因此需用過去分詞作定語;不定式表示尚未發生的動作,因此第二句中應使用不定式;price與go up為主動關系,故應使用現在分詞。18. ① Faced ② Facing 考查非謂語動詞作狀語。兩句含義一致,句意:面對困難,我通常選擇參考相關的學習資料或是網頁。(be)faced with意為“面對”;faced with=facing。19. ① told 句意:雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。② waiting 句意: 當我在公共汽車站點等車的時候,我聽到身后有人大喊救命。兩個題目均考查“連詞+非謂語動詞”結構,邏輯主語分別是he和I,與tell of和wait之間分別是被動和主動關系。20. ① Climbing; dropped 前者考查現在分詞作狀語,邏輯主語是I,兩者為主動關系;后者考查時態和語態,dropped和seized, give一起作并列謂語動詞② stretching 考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語,句子中picked up, climbed up和placed為先后發生的并列動作,充當并列謂語動詞,而stretching是與placed這一個動作同時發生的動作,表示伴隨,充當其伴隨狀語。21. ① To make考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了更方便地聯系到我們,你最好隨身帶著這張卡片。根據句意可知,這里是目的狀語,表目的用動詞不定式。② Ordered考查過去分詞作狀語。句意:(因為)那些書是一周多之前訂的,現在隨時有可能送到。books和order是動賓關系,即order books/books are ordered,故用過去分詞表示被動和完成,在此相當于原因狀語從句because they were ordered...22. ① smoking 考查動名詞作賓語。此處是allow doing 的結構。②to go 考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語。此處是allow sb. to do sth.的結構。③ to smoke 考查動詞不定式作主語補足語。即allow sb. to do 的被動語態形式:sb. be allowed to do。23. ① stopping ② to find 考查非謂語動詞作結果狀語。非謂語動詞作結果狀語一般位于句末,前面往往有逗號。only to do表示一個沒有料到的結果,(only)doing表示一個意料之中的結果。24. ① cry; to cry 考查非謂語動詞作補足語。句意:以前他經常讓他妹妹哭,現如今他經常被他妹妹弄哭。make sb. do sth.表示讓某人做某事,變為被動語態時,其結構為be made to do sth.表示被迫做某事。② to give 考查動詞不定式作目的狀語。句意:在以前,爸爸自制一些蠟燭照明。此題容易誤填give,此處make 意為“制造”,而不是使役動詞“使,讓”,故應填不定式to give,表示目的。25. hidden考查過去分詞短語作后置定語。句意:湯姆眼含淚水,喊出了多年埋藏在心里的話。words與hide之間為被動關系,根據for years可知是完成,故填過去分詞。26. doing 考查現在分詞短語充當伴隨狀語。句意:別坐在那里什么也不做,過來幫我收拾餐桌。語境為兩個祈使句,省略了主語you,而you 和do 之間是主動關系,和sit是伴隨關系。27. to breathe考查動詞不定式。句意:我喜歡夏天起大早,早上的空氣呼吸起來很好。此處為固定句型:sb./sth.+be+adj.+to do...,這個句型中不定式是主動表被動,這樣的形容詞是easy/hard/difficult時,后面的不定式使用主動形式表示被動含義。28. walking 句意:你很難想象我們在大雪中步行回家遇到的困難。這是have difficulty doing sth.這一結構的延伸,把句型中的difficulty 作為主句imagine的賓語,后面用一個定語從句we had修飾,其他部分保持不變,故填入walking。還原回普通句:we had difficulty walking home in the snowstorm.29. interested考查過去分詞作賓語補足語。句意:他很受學生歡迎,因為他總是努力使他們對他的課感興趣。此處是“make+賓語+補足語”的結構。30.being考查獨立主格結構。句意:由于會議室里擠滿了人,他只有站著。根據句中逗號判斷前面部分為獨立主格結構。the meeting room和very crowded是主謂關系,故為being。 此題容易誤填was。Ⅲ.31. B 考查with的復合結構。句意:——快,關于這個項目,給我些建議吧!——不好意思,我腦袋里滿是工作,我快不行了。so much work與fill是主動關系,故選擇B。此處也可表達為:so much work full of my mind。32. B 考查分詞作定語。句意:可憐的孩子!他害怕的表情和顫抖的雙手暗示著他很害怕。此句中的look是名詞,為“表情”之意,當修飾表情等詞時用-ed形式的分詞,tremble是不及物動詞,是“顫抖的”意思,與被修飾詞hand 是主動關系所以用-ing形式的分詞充當定語,故選B項。單個分詞作定語需要放在所修飾的詞前面。33. A 考查動名詞作賓語。句意:我們公司所有員工都在考慮去市中心看時裝秀。consider doing表示“考慮做某事”,故選A項。34. A 考查特殊結構。句意:從技術上說,這款新的設計要比任何其他早期的同類設計要好。speaking常與某些副詞連用,作插入語,如generally speaking, strictly speaking等,故選A。35. B 考查動名詞作賓語。句意:瑪麗完成她的繪畫后,繼續幫著班里其他人。go on doing sth.意為“繼續(干某事),持續不斷地(干某事)”,表示一直在做某事,沒有做其他事;go on to do sth. 表示“繼續做另外一件事”,故選B項。36. B 考查固定短語。句意:試圖勸他戒煙是沒有用的,他不會聽的!It is no use doing sth.為固定用法,意為“做……是沒用的”;try to do sth.意為“試圖做某事”。故選B項。37. B 考查動詞不定式短語作定語。句意:學期結束前我還有很多書要看。have something to do意為“有事情要做”,這里的不定式表示將來,是尚未發生的動作。38. A 考查動名詞作賓語。句意:根據美國最近的一項調查,孩子一個星期花在看電視上的時間高達25小時。spend some time(in)doing sth.意為“花費時間做某事”,介詞in可以省略,相當于spend some time on sth.,故A正確。39. B 考查非謂語動詞。句意:新發現的證據導致這名罪犯被判處5年監禁。lead to導致,to為介詞,故后面應接動名詞充當賓語;sb.與doing之間是被動關系,所以用being done的形式,故B正確。40. B 考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意:——你女兒在做什么?——她在打電話,和一個校友聊天。由句意可知在打電話的同時,是在聊天,而且she和chat是主動關系,用現在分詞作伴隨狀語,故選B。41. C 考查非謂語動詞的邏輯主語以及與狀語從句的關系。本句的主語是tears,因此和read之間沒有邏輯上的任何關系,故不用非謂語,也不用省略的形式,由此答案C符合語境,即:as引導一個時間狀語從句。42. C 考查省略和動名詞作主語。句意:——什么讓她不高興?——丟了錢包(讓她不高興)。根據What made her unhappy可知這個句子缺少主語,動名詞可以做句子的主語,故選C項。43. A 考查虛擬語氣和非謂語的用法。句意:校長堅決要求每一分鐘都應被充分利用,以便為期中考試做好準備。insist意為“堅持,堅決要求”接that賓語從句時,從句需使用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語使用“should+動詞原形”的形式,其中的should可以省略。但是,當insist表示“堅稱,堅持認為”時,接that從句不使用虛擬,如:I insist that he is innocent.我堅持認為他是無罪的。(“認為”是事實用陳述句語氣。)第二個空to do 表示目的狀語,故選A項。44. C 考查-ed分詞短語作原因狀語的用法。句意:由于陷入了沉思,他差點撞到了前面的車上。be lost in thought是一個短語,意為“陷入沉思”,所以選C。45. C 考查“連詞+分詞(短語)作狀語”。題干的主語是the experiment,謂語動詞是shows,that引導賓語從句,賓語從句的主干是proper amounts of exercise can improve our health,而if ______ regularly則是插入的條件句。當條件從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,可省略從句中的主語,使用非謂語動詞的形式作條件狀語。此題中,由于carry out 的主語與improve 的主語都是exercise,故可以省略if 條件句中的主語,使用carry out 的非謂語動詞形式。因carry out 與主語之間是被動關系,故排除B、D;又由于此處沒有強調carry out 這個動作的正在進行之意,而是強調一般情況,即“如果(我們)定期地做(適量運動)”,故排除A 選項。因此C 為正確答案。IV.語篇解讀:本文介紹了一個小學豎起提示欄提醒家長接孩子時不要玩手機,而應專心與孩子進行親子互動的舉措。46. to find 考查動詞不定式。此處為“only to do sth.”作結果狀語,only與不定式連用,表示出乎意料。47. saying 考查現在分詞。此處為現在分詞作伴隨狀語。48. to develop 考查動詞不定式。try to do sth.意為“努力做某事,盡力做某事”,暗含不一定成功之意,try doing sth.意為“試著做某事”,根據語境,此處應填不定式。49. to get 考查動詞不定式。此處為動詞不定式短語作后置定語。50. speaking 考查動名詞。此處speaking為動名詞短語作主語,與后面的listening并列。51. questioned 考查過去分詞。question與some people之間是被動關系。52. calling 考查現在分詞。此處為“with+名詞+doing”的復合結構。one parent與call之間是主動關系。53. to take 考查動詞不定式。中心詞被形容詞最高級修飾,后面用動詞不定式作后置定語。54. starting 考查現在分詞。此處現在分詞短語作后置定語。a third of children與start之間是主動關系。55. trained 考查過去分詞。此處為過去分詞短語作后置定語。toilet 與train之間是被動關系。 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫