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高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)
專題6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣
目 錄
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 3
考點(diǎn)1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 3
1. can/could的用法 3
2. may/might 的用法 4
3. must的用法 5
4. shall的用法 6
5. should的用法 7
6. will/would 的用法 8
考點(diǎn)2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè) 9
1. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y(cè)（結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do） 9
2. 對(duì)過去的推測(cè)（結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done） 10
考點(diǎn)3 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”表示責(zé)備的語氣 11
二、虛擬語氣 12
考點(diǎn)1 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 12
1. 非真實(shí)條件句 12
2. as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句 16
考點(diǎn)2 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣 17
1. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用 17
2. 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用 18
3. 虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的應(yīng)用 19
考點(diǎn)3 特殊的虛擬語氣 20
1. if only的虛擬語氣 20
2. It is（high）time that...句型中的虛擬語氣 20
三、專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 21
四、答案解析 26
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要包括can, may, must, shall, would, need等詞及其過去式形式。
考點(diǎn)1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以用來表示能力、許可、必要、義務(wù)、命令、勸告、詢問、需要、應(yīng)該、敢于等概念或態(tài)度。如：can（could）,may（might）, shall（should）, will（would）, must。
1. can/could的用法
（1）表示具備某種“能力”，但不一定做事情，僅僅表示有能力。
can表示現(xiàn)在；could表示過去。
I could do such things then, but I can’t now.
我那時(shí)候能做這樣的事情，但現(xiàn)在不能了。
（2）表示“請(qǐng)求”（疑問句中）、“允許”，但could 比can 委婉；兩者都指現(xiàn)在。回答一律用can或cannot，也可以用mustn’t。
—Can/could I smoke here 我可以在這里抽煙嗎？
—Yes, you can. 是的，你可以。
No, you cannot smoke here. 不，你不能在這里抽煙。
（3）特殊句式：
1）cannot/can never... too... 或cannot... enough “無論怎么……也不過分；越……越好；非常……”。
One cannot be too careful. 越仔細(xì)越好。
I cannot thank you enough. 我對(duì)你感激不盡。
2）cannot help doing.../cannot help but do... “禁不住；不由得；不得不”。
John could not help laughing when he saw the funny look of the monkey.
當(dāng)約翰看到猴子滑稽的樣子時(shí)，不由得笑了起來。
I could not help but think this is a very queer life. 我忍不住想這真是十分奇怪的生活。
2. may/might 的用法
（1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求允許，might的語氣比may更禮貌。
May I turn on the TV 我可以打開電視嗎？
She asked if she might borrow my bike. 她問是否可以借用我的自行車。
（2）表示可能性，意為“也許”。這時(shí)may和might無時(shí)間上的差別，只是might在語氣上更不肯定一些。
You may / might have some fever. 你也許發(fā)燒了。
He said that the news might be true. 他說這消息可能是真的。
表示可能性時(shí)，may / might不用于疑問句，可用can / could或別的說法。
Can/could they be having a bath 他們可能在洗澡嗎？
（3）構(gòu)成句型：may / might（just）as well“不妨，最好”，與had better相近，意為“還是做某事的好；不妨去做某事”。
After sweeping the courtyard, we might as well clean the rooms.我們掃完院子后，順手把房間也掃一掃。
3. must的用法
（1）表示義務(wù)、命令或勸告，意為“必須”。可用于任何人稱。
We must take this seriously. 我們必須嚴(yán)肅對(duì)待這事。
在回答由must引起的問題時(shí)，如果是否定回答，多用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必，沒必要”；而mustn’t表示“絕對(duì)不行，不可以”的意思，有時(shí)用來回答can或may開頭的問句，表示語氣很強(qiáng)的不允許。
—Must the ladies wear dresses 女士們必須著連衣裙嗎？
—No, they don’t have to/they needn’t. 不，不必。
—Can / May I come in 我可以進(jìn)來嗎？
—No, you can’t / mustn’t. 不行/絕對(duì)不行。
（2）表示推測(cè)，表示“肯定，一定”之意，此時(shí)，must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑問句中，用can / could。
They must be watching the news now. 他們這會(huì)兒肯定在看新聞。
They can’t / couldn’t be watching the news now. 他們這會(huì)兒不可能在看新聞。
Can / Could they be watching the news now 他們這會(huì)兒可能在看新聞嗎？
（3）表示“偏偏，非要，硬要”，有時(shí)表示不巧，有時(shí)表示固執(zhí)，通常都是指令人不快的事。
Must you make so much noise 你非要弄出這么多噪音嗎？
Why must you always interrupt me 你為什么非要老是打斷我？
Just when I was busy, the neighbor must come and chatter.正當(dāng)我忙碌的時(shí)候，鄰居偏偏過來嘮叨。
4. shall的用法
（1）用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的命令、警告、強(qiáng)制、允諾、威脅或決心等。
You shall go to the ball. 你得去參加舞會(huì)。
He shall stay in bed. 他必須躺在床上。
（2）表示強(qiáng)制，用于法令、條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。
Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
試卷完全收回后，應(yīng)試者才能離開座位。
（3）用于疑問句中，與第一、三人稱連用，表示征求對(duì)方的意見，may用于征求對(duì)方的許可，shall用于征求對(duì)方的意見或指示。
Shall I turn on the lights 我可以開燈嗎？
Shall he wait for you outside 要不要他在外面等你？
5. should的用法
與ought to意思相近，但語氣較ought to弱些；可表示推測(cè)，意為“可能，該”。
（1）表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。
You should help your mother with the housework. 你應(yīng)該幫你母親做家務(wù)。
Should I wear a coat 我要穿大衣嗎？
（2）表示“可能，該（=will probably）”，是一種試探性的推斷。
He should arrive soon. 他可能很快就到了。
The train should have already left. 火車應(yīng)該已經(jīng)走了。
（3）表示“竟然”。
It’s strange that he should be late. 真奇怪，他竟會(huì)遲到。
（4）should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻沒有做”；
shouldn’t have done表示“本不該做某事，但事實(shí)上卻做了”。
You should have got up earlier. 你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)起的。
You shouldn’t have told him about it. 你本不該把這件事告訴他的。
6. will/would 的用法
（1）表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。
Would you pass me the book 你把那本書遞給我好嗎？
（2）表示意志、愿望和決心。
I will never do that again. 我再也不會(huì)那樣做了。
They asked if we would do that again. 他們問到，我們是否愿意再次那樣做。
（3）用will be和“will（would）+have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。
This will be the book you want. 這本書應(yīng)該是你想要的。
I thought you would have finished this by now. 我認(rèn)為你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成了。
（4）will表示習(xí)慣、請(qǐng)求等。
Every day he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.（習(xí)慣）
他每天就坐在那里，卻什么事也不做。
Will you help me with my English （請(qǐng)求）你能幫我提高我的英語嗎？
（5）would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。
During the vacation he would visit me every week. 假期里，他每個(gè)星期都會(huì)來看我。
考點(diǎn)2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)
must, can/could, may/might可以用來表示對(duì)事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)。其中，must語氣最強(qiáng)，表示“一定”（只用于肯定句中），may語氣次之，表示“可能”，might/could語氣最弱，表示“也許，或許”，can表示推測(cè)時(shí)一般用于否定句和疑問句中，在否定推測(cè)中語氣最強(qiáng)，其次是can’t，意為“不可能”，may not（可能不）和might not/could not（或許不）的語氣最弱。
1. 對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼耐茰y(cè)（結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do）
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以用來表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r進(jìn)行推測(cè)。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦工作了一整天，一定累了。
She might come soon. 或許她很快就來了。
She could be lost. 她可能迷路了。
She may be in the wrong room. 她可能走錯(cuò)了房間。
The man over there can’t be Jack—he’s in hospital.
那邊的那個(gè)人不可能是杰克——他住院了。
注意：如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或未來正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，可以使用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be doing”結(jié)構(gòu)。
My friend may be still sleeping at home now.
我的朋友現(xiàn)在可能正在家里睡覺。
Can we be working at the same company next year
明年我們還能在同一家公司上班嗎？
2. 對(duì)過去的推測(cè)（結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done）
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞還可用于表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)。
She might have got up late. 她可能是起來晚了。
He may have felt ill. 他可能是生病了。
His clothes is wet. He must have forgotten to bring the umbrella.他的衣服濕了。他一定忘記帶傘了。
He can’t have stayed at home, for I just met him in the library.他不可能在家，因?yàn)槲覄倓傇趫D書館遇見他了。
She could have taken the wrong bus. 她可能坐錯(cuò)了公交車。
注意：could可以表示過去籠統(tǒng)的而不是具體的可能性，此時(shí)不需采用could+have done的結(jié)構(gòu)，而直接使用could do的結(jié)構(gòu)即可。
Prices could be high in the sixteenth century. 16世紀(jì)的物價(jià)可能很高。
考點(diǎn)3 “情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”表示責(zé)備的語氣
可用于表責(zé)備語氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：should, ought to, could, might,need等，它們常被用來表示說話人對(duì)過去事情的不滿或遺憾，帶有較強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)備語氣，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”。
1. should（ought to）have done“本應(yīng)該……”
表示過去應(yīng)該做而（實(shí)際）沒有做的事情，含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣，其否定形式為“should not/ought not to have done”。should have done還可以用來表示驚訝、贊嘆等情緒。
You should have dug some when you first saw them blooming this spring.
你應(yīng)該在今年春天第一次看到它們盛開的時(shí)候就挖一些的。
2. could/might have done “本來能夠（會(huì)）……”
表示過去本來能夠（可以）做某事，但實(shí)際上沒有做到。
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me
我本來可以借這筆錢給你的。你為什么不問問我？
3. need+have+done “原本需要做……”
表示本來需要做某事而沒有做，“needn’t+have+done”則表示“本來不必做某事而做了”。
I needn’t have bought so much wine—only five people came.
我本來沒有必要買這么多酒，只來了五個(gè)人。
He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train.
他本來需要快點(diǎn)去車站，那樣的話，他就不會(huì)誤了火車。
二、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣可以用來表示說話人主觀上所說的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、空想、猜測(cè)、必要性和可能性等。
考點(diǎn)1 狀語從句中的虛擬語氣
1. 非真實(shí)條件句
（1）虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反），從句謂語形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式（be一般用were，而不用was），主句謂語形式為“should（would,could, might）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I knew her number I could ring her up.
要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就可以給她打電話了。（事實(shí)是我不知道）
（2）虛擬過去時(shí)（與過去事實(shí)相反），從句謂語形式用“had+過去分詞”，主句謂語形式為“should（would, could, might）+have+過去分詞”。
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。（事實(shí)是我們沒能早點(diǎn)找到他）
（3）虛擬將來時(shí)（與將來事實(shí)相反），從句謂語形式用動(dòng)詞的一般過去式，或“were to+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，主句謂語形式“should（would, could, might）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I asked him, I’m sure he’d help us.
如果我懇求他，他肯定會(huì)幫助我們。（事實(shí)是我不打算懇求他）
注意：特殊情況
① 虛擬條件從句和主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式，這種現(xiàn)象稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句。
If you had spoken to him last time you saw him, you would know what to do now.
如果你上次見他時(shí)和他說過話，你就會(huì)知道你現(xiàn)在要做些什么。（過去+現(xiàn)在）
② 若虛擬條件句中含有were或had, should等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，連詞if可以省略，而將were, had, should提前，構(gòu)成倒裝語序。
Were I in your position（=If I were in your position）I would go.
如果我處在你的處境，我就走了。
Had you arrived five minutes earlier（=If you had arrived five minutes earlier）, you could have seen them off. 如果你早到五分鐘，你就可以給他們送行了。
Should he come（=If he should come）, tell him to ring me up.
如果他來的話，叫他打電話給我。
③ 利用語境不直接說出條件的句子稱為含蓄虛擬條件句。
A. 用介詞引入條件
* but for（若不是，如沒有）：注意，凡是出現(xiàn)這個(gè)復(fù)合介詞的句子，必須要用虛擬語氣。
We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.（=We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）如果沒有下雨，我們的旅程會(huì)很愉快。
* without/with（在不具備/具備……的條件下）。
Without his help, I could not have done it well.（=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done it well.）要是沒有他的幫助，我們不可能做得這么順利。
With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.（=If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.）要是順風(fēng)的話，我們可能兩天后就抵達(dá)那里了。
B. 分詞短語充當(dāng)條件狀語（分詞短語本身就具有充當(dāng)條件狀語的功能）。
Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.（=If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.）要是能有一定的機(jī)會(huì)，他也許就能展示出更大的才能。
C. 用上下文暗示條件。常用來表示不具備條件的連詞，如：but, or或otherwise等。
I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你們幫助我，我就會(huì)失敗。（but表示讓步關(guān)系，意為“除非，要不是”，常與that一起構(gòu)成but that，相當(dāng)于if... not...）
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it.（If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）那時(shí)我很忙，否則我早就完成了。
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.
我可能會(huì)給你更多的幫助的，但那時(shí)我太忙了。
More water and the young trees couldn’t have died.（=If you had given them more water, the young trees couldn’t have died.）如果你給那些小樹多澆點(diǎn)水，它們就不會(huì)死了。
2. as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句
在as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句中，用過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑；用過去完成時(shí)表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)或過去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況。
The teacher treats the pupil as if/as though he were her own child.
這位老師對(duì)待這位學(xué)生就像對(duì)自己的孩子一樣。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬）
He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lighting.
他看起來像曾經(jīng)被雷擊過似的。（對(duì)過去的虛擬）
They talked and talked as if/as though they would never meet again.
他們說啊說，就好像他們?cè)僖惨姴坏綄?duì)方了一樣。（對(duì)將來的虛擬）
考點(diǎn)2 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
1. 虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
（1）在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish之后的賓語從句中，需用虛擬語氣。賓語從句用過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反；用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。
I wish I knew what was going to happen. 我真希望我能知道要發(fā)生什么事。
She wished she had stayed at home. 她希望當(dāng)時(shí)她在家。
I wish I were rich. 我真希望我很有錢。
（2）在表示“堅(jiān)持”“命令”“建議”“要求”等詞后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。這類動(dòng)詞簡稱“一二四四”： 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）；兩個(gè)命令（order, command）；四項(xiàng)要求（demand, desire, require, request）；四條建議（advise, suggest, propose, recommend）。這類虛擬語氣由“should+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美式英語中通常可以省略。
He insisted that I（should）go with them. 他堅(jiān)持要我同他們一起去。
He ordered that it（should）be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
The doctor advised that he not smoke. 醫(yī)生建議他不要抽煙。
注意：當(dāng)insist表示“堅(jiān)稱，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”和suggest表示“表明，暗示”時(shí)，其后的從句中不用虛擬語氣。
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. 他的表情暗示出他對(duì)我為他所做的事非常滿意。
He insisted that he was honest. 他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是誠實(shí)的。
（3）would rather用來表示主觀愿望，其后的賓語從句也需用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞常用過去式。
I’ d rather you went tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天去。
Kate went by car and I’d rather she hadn’t. 凱特是坐汽車去的，我寧愿她不坐汽車去。
2. 虛擬語氣在主語從句中的應(yīng)用
（1）在某些表示愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、命令等形容詞之后的主語從句中，需用虛擬語氣，其謂語形式為“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。這類形容詞常見的有：necessary（必要的）,important（重要的）, essential（緊要的）, imperative（迫切的）,urgent（緊迫的）等。
It’s important that we（should）take good care of the patient.
重要的是我們要照顧好病人。
（2）在“It is desired（suggested, ordered, insisted, decided...）
that...”主語從句中，常用虛擬語氣，謂語形式為“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
It is desired that this rule be brought to the attention of the staff.
希望這條規(guī)則引起全體職員的注意。
（3）在“It is+n.+主語從句”這一句型中，主語從句要用虛擬語氣，此句型中的名詞有兩類：一類是表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令等含有主觀意向的動(dòng)詞的同源名詞，如suggestion, proposal等；另一類是表示遺憾、驚奇、懷疑等主觀看法的名詞，如shame, pity等，其從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
It is my proposal that he be sent to study abroad. 我建議派他去國外學(xué)習(xí)。
It was a pity that you couldn’t come. 你不能來，真是太可惜了。
3. 虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的應(yīng)用
同位語從句的先行詞通常是表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞，其同位語從句需使用虛擬語氣，謂語形式為“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。
The suggestion that students learn something practical is worth considering.
學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)些實(shí)用知識(shí)的建議是值得考慮的。
考點(diǎn)3 特殊的虛擬語氣
1. if only的虛擬語氣
if only也可用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，意為“若是……那該多好啊；真希望……”。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式；如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
If only I were as clever as you!
要是我像你一樣聰明該多好啊！
If only you had not told Tom what I said, everything would have been all right.
要是你沒有把我的話告訴湯姆就好了，那樣就不會(huì)出什么問題了。
2. It is（high）time that...句型中的虛擬語氣
It is（high）time that...意為“（早）該是做……的時(shí)間了”，后面的從句也需使用虛擬語氣形式，即謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，此時(shí)should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子們?cè)撍X了。
It is high time that we should set up a new plant in this country.我們?cè)缭撛谶@個(gè)國家設(shè)立新工廠了。
三、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
I. 單句改錯(cuò)。（僅限1處）
1. We suggest that Henry is told about his condition as soon as possible.
2. His English is so poor. He mustn’t be an English native speaker.
3. The teacher insisted that we must hand in our exercise before supper.
4. John’s grade on the test is the highest in his class, so he should have studied last night.
5. I’m feeling much better now, so you mustn’t call the doctor.
II. 在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
6. If the whole operation ______（not plan）before hand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
7. Tom suggested that we ______（not hold）such a meeting, but Jenny insisted that it ______（be）of great importance.
8. The room is in a terrible mess; it can’t ______（clean）.
9. George ______（can, go）too far. His coffee is still warm.
10. One of our rules is that every student ______ wear school uniform while at school.
11. —______ you interrupt now Can’t you see I’m on the phone
—Sorry sir, but it’s urgent.
12. He ______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside.
13. John went to the hospital alone. If he ______（told）me about it, I would have gone with him.
14. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ______（save）.
15. —If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.
—What a pity! Tina ______（be）here to see you.
III. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
16. —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now
—I am afraid you ______, in case he comes late for the meeting.
A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
17. Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ______ have studied very hard.
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. ought to
18. You ______ her in her office last Friday; she’s been out of town for two weeks.
A. needn’t have seen
B. must have seen
C. might have seen
D. can’t have seen
19. You ______ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A. needn’t have done
B. shouldn’t have done
C. must not have done
D. cannot have done
20. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ______ ill, and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A. be; should have
B. was; have
C. should be; had
D. was; has
IV. 閱讀下列短文，在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
A
Tom: Hi, Mr.Smith. 21 you give me a hand
Mr. Smith: Of course. You needn’t hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you
Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school.
Mr. Smith: What do you usually do after school
Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I 22 go home first.
Mr. Smith: Why don’t you go home directly
Tom: My mother usually says, “Every student shall do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.” You see, if I did my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired.
Mr. Smith: Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you 23 never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think
Tom: No. Even if I had told her before, she wouldn’t have understood it.
Mr. Smith: I don’t think so. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you 24 as well learn to communicate with her.
Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I 25 （talk）with her.
Mr. Smith: I can’t agree more.
B
My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she 26 （be）my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised that she 27 （eat）more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she（should）work out regularly. Besides, he insisted that she（should）walk to school. If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would not be so fat now. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do so, she would not have become overweight. This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting, “If only I 28 （be）a little thinner! How I wish I 29 （not eat）so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make a weight loss plan. If I became overweight in the future, I would do sports every day. Now it is high time she changed her lifestyle.
Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t be able to lose weight. I would rather she 30 swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are not suitable for her. So it is necessary that she should walk to school.
四、答案解析
I.
1. is改為should be或be 考查虛擬語氣。suggest 意為“建議”時(shí)，之后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，故is應(yīng)改為should be，其中，should可以省略。
2. mustn’t改為can’t 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表示否定或疑問的猜測(cè)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞分別用can和can’t。
3. 去掉must或把must改為should考查虛擬語氣。insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句謂語用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中，should可以省略。
4. should改為must 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：約翰考試的成績?yōu)槿嘧罡撸宰蛲硭隙▽W(xué)習(xí)了。此處為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示肯定推測(cè)，must表示“一定，肯定”，符合題意。should have studied表示“本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)（而實(shí)際上沒有學(xué)習(xí)）”。
5. mustn’t改為needn’t 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意不是“不應(yīng)該”，而是“沒必要”。
II.
6. had not been planned 考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果整個(gè)手術(shù)不提前安排的話，那就要浪費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和金錢。此處是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，if 引導(dǎo)的從句須用過去完成時(shí)。
7. （should）not hold; was 考查suggest, insist后接賓語從句的用法。句意：湯姆建議我們不開這個(gè)會(huì)議，但詹妮堅(jiān)持說這很重要。當(dāng)suggest表示“建議”，insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”，后接賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”；而當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)稱”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句需用陳述語氣。
8. have been cleaned 考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done”表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)。句意：這個(gè)房間一團(tuán)糟，不可能打掃過。clean與it之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用have been cleaned。
9. can’t have gone 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：喬治不可能走得太遠(yuǎn)。他的咖啡仍然是溫的。can’t have done是對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè)。
10. shall 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。此處是說，根據(jù)學(xué)校規(guī)定學(xué)生在校時(shí)都必須要穿校服。
11. Must 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must的用法。句意：你非要現(xiàn)在打斷我嗎？你難道沒看見我在打電話嗎？must表說話者極不耐煩和生氣的語氣。
12. must 根據(jù)后一分句判斷，前一分句應(yīng)該表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+have+過去分詞”，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定是”，語氣非常肯定。
13. had told 考查虛擬語氣。句意：約翰獨(dú)自去了醫(yī)院。如果他當(dāng)時(shí)告訴我的話，我會(huì)跟他一起去。前面獨(dú)立的句子是陳述語氣，交代了整個(gè)事件發(fā)生在過去。后面主句would have gone說明是與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故if 從句中應(yīng)使用had done的形式。
14. would have been saved 考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果我早知道這個(gè)電腦程序，就可以節(jié)省大量的時(shí)間和精力了。根據(jù)句子的倒裝特征判斷此處是省略了if 的虛擬條件句，補(bǔ)上if 并還原題干為正常語序：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy ______. 由此可判斷if 引導(dǎo)的從句表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，故主句應(yīng)用would have done的形式；又因?yàn)閠ime and energy 和save 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填would have been saved。
15. was 通過虛擬語氣考查時(shí)態(tài)。題中出現(xiàn)的If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.是與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，所以答語應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。
Ⅲ.
16. B 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——我要馬上通知他日程有變化嗎？——恐怕必須這樣，以免他開會(huì)遲到了。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有B項(xiàng)符合句意。
17. C 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。句意：瑪麗的考試成績?nèi)嗟谝唬龑W(xué)習(xí)一定很刻苦。“must have done”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。
18. D 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。句意：你不可能上星期五在她辦公室見到她，她去外地已經(jīng)兩個(gè)星期了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示推測(cè)，只能用于否定句或疑問句。
19. A 考查needn’t have done 的結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)后面一句的意思“這類計(jì)算我們讓計(jì)算機(jī)來做”可知，前面是講：“你沒必要做全部計(jì)算！”，needn’t have done意為“原本不必”，符合題意。
20. B 考查suggest的用法。句意：簡蒼白的臉表明她病了，她的父母建議她去體檢。本句中第一個(gè)suggest是“表明，顯示”的意思，后面的be動(dòng)詞視整句時(shí)態(tài)而定，為過去式。第二個(gè)suggest是“建議”的意思，后面是一個(gè)虛擬語氣，謂語采用“（should）do sth.”的形式，其中should常省略，故選B。
IV.
A
語篇解讀：湯姆向史密斯老師咨詢媽媽抱怨他放學(xué)后不按時(shí)回家的問題。
21. can/could 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。這里表示請(qǐng)求幫助。
22. should 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：但是我知道我應(yīng)該先回家。should表示“應(yīng)該”。
23. can考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。“cannot/can never... too+形容詞或副詞”表示“再……也不為過”。
24. might 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。might as well do sth. 為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“還是做……為好”。
25. talked/should talk 考查虛擬語氣。由It is high time sb. did sth.可知填talked或者should talk。
B
語篇解讀：文章介紹了有關(guān)自己的同桌瑪麗在體重方面的困擾。
26. were 考查虛擬語氣。在as if/as though, even if/even though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句或表語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
27. （should）eat 考查虛擬語氣。在advise后面的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣形式，其中的should可以省略。
28. were 考查虛擬語氣。if only表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。
29. hadn’t eaten 考查虛擬語氣。在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中，需用虛擬語氣，如表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)；與過去事實(shí)相反，則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
30. went 考查虛擬語氣。would rather用來表達(dá)主觀愿望，其后的賓語從句中需用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼?/p>

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