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高考英語語法專題復(fù)習(xí)
專題8 狀語和狀語從句
目 錄
考點(diǎn)1 狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞 4
1. when的用法 5
2. while的用法 6
3. as的用法 8
4. so/such... that... 均可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 10
5. 其他連詞（或副詞、名詞） 11
考點(diǎn)2 狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣 12
1. “主將從現(xiàn)”的原則 12
2. No sooner... than.../hardly（scarcely）... when... 句型的時態(tài)問題 13
3. as if（though）引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣問題 13
4. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣問題 14
考點(diǎn)3 狀語從句的省略 14
考點(diǎn)4 狀語從句和狀語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換 16
1. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞短語 16
2. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 16
3. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞短語 17
4. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞不定式短語 17
五、專項練習(xí) 19
六、答案解析 24
狀語和狀語從句
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞、從句等充當(dāng)。狀語的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。
Obviously, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call.
顯然，我們的爺爺、奶奶很愿意接我們的電話。（副詞）
We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset.
我們努力工作，日出而作，日落而息。（介詞短語）
To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day.
為了幫助我殘疾的姑媽，我每天花上一個小時在她家里幫忙。（不定式）
Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted.
從遠(yuǎn)處看，這座農(nóng)舍似乎是荒廢的。（過去分詞）
It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that city.
大雨滂沱，造成了那個城市洪水泛濫。（現(xiàn)在分詞）
I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.
我知道如何生篝火，因為以前我做過。（原因狀語從句）
狀語從句（Adverbial Clauses）指用作狀語、起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。狀語從句一般由連詞（從屬連詞）引導(dǎo)，也可以由詞組引起。從句位于句首或句中時通常用逗號與主句隔開，位于句尾時可以不用逗號隔開。
主句(，)連詞+狀語從句
連詞+狀語從句，主句
He is absent today, because he is ill. 他今天缺席，因為他病了。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
另外，狀語從句有時放在主語和動詞之間，造成分隔現(xiàn)象。
Anyone, no matter who, may point out our shortcoming.
任何人，不管是誰，都可能會指出我們的不足之處。
（主語anyone與動詞may point out被狀語從句no matter who分隔）
考點(diǎn)1 狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞
根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、方式和比較等從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞如下表：
時間狀語從句 連詞 as/when/while, after, before, since; once; till/until;whenever, no sooner... than.../hardly... when...
副詞 immediately; directly
名詞短語 the moment; the minute; the second; each/every time, the day/year, next time, the first/second/last time, by the time
條件狀語從句 if, unless; as/so long as; on condition that; suppose/supposed that;provided/providing that; in the event that
原因狀語從句 because; as; since; now(that )
結(jié)果狀語從句 so/such... that...
目的狀語從句 so that; in order that; in case
讓步狀語從句 though; although; as; however, no matter...; 疑問詞+ ever; whether...or not...
比較狀語從句 than; as/so... as...; the more... the more...
方式狀語從句 as; as if; as though
地點(diǎn)狀語從句 where, wherever
1. when的用法
（1）when表示時間點(diǎn)和時間段。有時相當(dāng)于as soon as/immediately/instantly/directly等詞的意思。when用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)“hardly/scarcely... when...”，此時when 可換作before。注意：當(dāng)把hardly/scarcely放句首時，句子需部分倒裝。
We will start when the monitor comes. 班長一來，我們就出發(fā)。
I had hardly arrived home last night when it began to rain.=Hardly had I arrived home last night when it began to rain. 昨晚我一到家，就開始下雨了。
（2）when 有時可譯為“如果……”，相當(dāng)于if，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。
Smog will be distant from us when everyone fights against pollution.如果人人反對污染，霧霾就會遠(yuǎn)離我們。
（3）when可作并列連詞，引導(dǎo)并列分句，意為“突然……”或“這時……”，表示一個動作“正在發(fā)生”“即將發(fā)生”“剛剛完成”時突然插入另一個動作。when相當(dāng)于and just time或and just at that time,常用于下列三種句型：was/were doing... when...; was/were about to do（on the point of doing）... when...; had done... when...例如：I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
我正沿著河邊走，突然聽到一個溺水兒童的呼救。
I was about to go out when an unexpected visitor came.
我正要出門，一位不速之客來訪了。
We had just planted 100 trees when it began to rain.
我們剛剛栽完100棵樹，就開始下雨了。
2. while的用法
while表示時間段，作并列連詞，表示前后對比。while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句多放在句首，相當(dāng)于although，表示“盡管，雖然”。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
東南部雨量充足，而東北部則很少下雨。
While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
雖然我理解你的意思，但我還是不能贊同你。
注意：
① when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句既可放在句首，也可放在句末；而while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般放在句首，不放在句末；另外，也可以從意義上加以區(qū)分。
② while和when都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，但應(yīng)注意：while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的動詞；而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞。當(dāng)時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，while和when 可以互相替換。例如：
The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stop. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)車站時，公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。（arrive是非延續(xù)性動詞，因此，此句中的when不能用while替換）
When/While we were having a meeting, our teacher came in. 我們正在開會時，老師走了進(jìn)來。（have是延續(xù)性動詞，因此，句中的when可以用while替換）
③ while引導(dǎo)的狀語從句還可以表示“某個動作正在進(jìn)行的同時，另一個動作也在進(jìn)行之中”。例如：
While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening. 老師在講課，學(xué)生們在聽。
3. as的用法
（1）as與when, while都是引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞，含義都是“當(dāng)……的時候”。as意為at the same time that“正當(dāng)……；與……同時”，它兼指“時間點(diǎn)”和“時間段”，從句的動詞既可是延續(xù)性動詞，也可是非延續(xù)性動詞，意為“一邊……一邊……”，“隨著”。
The door bell rang as we were having breakfast. 正當(dāng)我們吃早飯的時候，門鈴響了。
As the time went on（=With the time going on）, the weather got worse and worse.
隨著時間的推移，天氣越來越糟。
（2）while意為during the time that“在……期間”，指一個“時間段”，不能表達(dá)“時間點(diǎn)”，從句的動詞只限于延續(xù)性動詞；when意為at the time that“在……時”，多指“時間點(diǎn)”。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site. 他到達(dá)工地時正在下雪。
（3）as可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。as與although（或though），however（或no matter how）等都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，含義是“雖然，盡管”，但它們有區(qū)別：although語氣稍正式些，可放在句首，也可放在句中，主句中不能再用but，但可以用yet；as所表達(dá)的語氣較強(qiáng)，引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序；however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，它的后面可跟形容詞或副詞，也要用倒裝語序。
Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.
這次意外雖然很奇怪，卻沒有人受傷。
Young as he is, he knows everything. 盡管小，他什么都知道。還可表達(dá)為：
Though he is young, he knows everything.
Young though he is, he knows everything.
Although he is young, he knows everything.
However young he is, he knows everything.
另外，though還可以作為副詞，意為“可是，然而，不過；話雖這樣說”，一般位于句尾。
I wish you had told me, though. 不過，我希望你曾告訴過我。
He said he would come, he didn’t, though. 他說他要來，可是他并沒有來。
另外，as還可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。
As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因為下過雨，空氣比較清爽。
4. so/such... that... 均可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句
該句型中的such是形容詞，修飾名詞；so是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，具體的搭配形式是：“so+adj./adv.+that”，“so+adj.（+a/an）+n.+that”；“such（+a/an）（+adj.）+n.+that”。
He speaks so fast that no one can catch him.
他說話太快，無人聽得明白。
He’s such a good person that we mustn’t blame him.
他是這么好的人，我們千萬不要怪他。
There is so rapid an increase（=such a rapid increase）in population that a food shortage is caused.
人口增長如此迅速，以致造成了糧食短缺。
They are such fine teachers that we all hold them in great respect.
他們是非常好的老師，我們對他們極為尊敬。
It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the beach. 天氣如此好，我想去海灘。
The country has so much coal that it can export large quantities. 那個國家的煤炭非常豐富，可以大量出口。（so與表示數(shù)量的代詞many, few,
much, little等連用已經(jīng)形成固定搭配，不能換用such）
5. 其他連詞（或副詞、名詞）
· after 在……之后
· before 在……之前
· since 自從……（引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句需使用完成時態(tài)）
· once 一旦……（也可用作副詞，意為“曾經(jīng)，一度”）
· whenever 無論何時，每當(dāng)……
· immediately/directly 一……就……（相當(dāng)于as soon as，個別語法學(xué)家已經(jīng)賦予這類副詞連詞詞性）
· the moment/minute 每當(dāng)……；一……就……（相當(dāng)于as soon as）
· each/every time 每當(dāng)……
例如：
Where have you been since I last saw you 自從我上次見到你以后，你到哪兒去了？
Once you understand this rule, you’ll have no further difficulty.
一旦你明白了這條規(guī)則，就再也沒有困難了。
Whenever I hear that song, it makes me think of you.
每當(dāng)我聽到那首歌，我就會想起你。
I came immediately/directly I got your message. 一收到你的消息，我就來了。
He said he’d phone you the moment he got home. 他說他一到家就會給你打電話。
I meet up with Julie every time I go to Washington.
每次我去華盛頓的時候，我都會見朱莉。
考點(diǎn)2 狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣
狀語從句主句和從句的時態(tài)要保持一致。注意下列情況：
1. “主將從現(xiàn)”的原則
在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句是一般將來時/祈使句/含有情態(tài)動詞原形，從句要使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。但will在表示意愿時，可用于上述狀語從句。
I’ ll tell him the good news as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
他明天一回來我就會告訴他這個好消息。
Go on until you reach the bridge. 繼續(xù)前行，直至你走到橋邊。
If you work hard, you can pass the examination. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能通過考試。
If you will wait, I’ll go and ask the manager. 如果你愿意等，我就去問問經(jīng)理。
2. No sooner... than.../hardly（scarcely）... when... 句型的時態(tài)問題
No sooner... than.../hardly（scarcely）... when...表示“一……，就……”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句須用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。No sooner/hardly（scarcely）位于句首時，主句需倒裝。
He had no sooner been there than I told him about it. 他一來，我就告訴他了。
No sooner had he been here than I told him about it. 他一來，我就告訴他了。
3. as if（though）引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣問題
as if（though）引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，若所述情況可能性小，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣，時態(tài)在原基礎(chǔ)上向過去退一步。若從句所述情況可能實現(xiàn)，則用陳述語氣。
He speaks to me loudly as if I were deaf. 他大聲沖我說話，好像我是個聾子。（實際不是）
It is blowing hard as if it is going to rain. 風(fēng)很大，好像要下雨了。（真要下雨）
4. if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的時態(tài)和語氣問題
if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。if還可以引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句，表示不可實現(xiàn)的條件，從句中多用一般過去時或過去完成時。
If I had enough money, I should（would）buy the car.
如果我有足夠的錢，我就會買下這輛車。（事實上現(xiàn)在錢不夠）
If I had got up earlier I should（would）have met her.
如果我起床早一些的話，我就會遇見她了。（事實上我起床晚了）
If he would come here tomorrow, I should（would）talk to him.
如果他明天來這里的話，我就會和他談一談。（事實上他明天來的可能性極小）
考點(diǎn)3 狀語從句的省略
狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件：①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式，從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略，這樣使得語言更加簡潔明了。
狀語從句的省略常包含如下結(jié)構(gòu)：
（1）連詞+名詞。
He acts as if（he is）a fool. 他表現(xiàn)得就好像是個傻子一樣。
（2）連詞+形容詞。
You must attend the meeting unless（it is）inconvenient to you.
除非情況對你來說不方便,否則你必須出席這次會議。
Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret.
趁年輕要努力學(xué)習(xí)，要不然你會后悔的。
（3）連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞。
He fell asleep while（he was）doing his homework. 他在做作業(yè)的時候睡著了。
（4）連詞+過去分詞。
If（it was）untreated, it would produce a powerful poison that would kill the patient.
如果不處理它，它將產(chǎn)生一種導(dǎo)致該病人死亡的烈性毒物。
Though（they were）tired, they went on working. 雖然他們累了，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。
（5）連詞+介詞短語。
While（I was）at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.
我上大學(xué)時開始認(rèn)識他的，他是一個奇怪但有能力的學(xué)生。
（6）連詞+不定式。
The patient opened his mouth as if（he was）to speak. 病人張開嘴巴好像要說什么。
You shouldn’t come to his party unless（you were）invited.
除非你被邀請，否則你不應(yīng)該來參加他的派對。
考點(diǎn)4 狀語從句和狀語的相互轉(zhuǎn)換
1. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞短語
狀語從句主句和從句一致時，轉(zhuǎn)換為分詞短語。
After he turned off the TV, he went out of the room.
→Having turned off the TV, he went out of the room. 他關(guān)閉電視機(jī)后走出了房間。
When the city is seen from the mountain, it looks much more beautiful.→Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
從山上看，這座城市看起來更漂亮。
2. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
狀語從句主句和從句不一致，轉(zhuǎn)換為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
If weather permits, we’ll have the meeting in the open air.→（With）Weather permitting, we’ll have the meeting in the open air.
如果天氣允許，我們將在室外召開這次會議。
3. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞短語
由after/before/since/as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，可改為after/before/since/on+動名詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)主從句主語一致時，可使用動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
Before he dived into the lake, he made a deep breath.
→Before diving into the lake, he made a deep breath.
在跳入湖中之前，他深深地吸了一口氣。
可以用來代替狀語從句的常見介詞短語有：because of/at the age of/in spite of/as a result of等。
He is absent today because he is ill
→He is absent today because of illness. 他今天缺席是因為生病了。
4. 狀語從句轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞不定式短語
狀語從句還可以根據(jù)情況轉(zhuǎn)換為不定式短語。
He is so strong that he can lift the heavy stone.→He is strong enough to lift the heavy stone. 他很強(qiáng)壯，足以搬動這塊重石。
He was so weak that he couldn’t go a step further.→He was too weak to go a step further. 他太虛弱了，無法再挪動一步。
He stood in the front of the classroom in order that he could see the picture clearly.→He stood in the front of the classroom in order to（so as to/to）see the picture clearly.
他站在教室前面，以便能清楚地看到圖片。
注意:主語和狀語的邏輯主語要保持一致性。下列5個句子都是錯誤的，在書面表達(dá)中應(yīng)當(dāng)避免：
At the age of five, his father died.
To improve your English, reading is necessary.
Being a fine day, we went out for a play.
While waiting for the bus, my wallet missed.
Giving more time, I can do it better.
上述句子的正確表達(dá)應(yīng)當(dāng)是：
When he was at the age of five, his father died.
To improve your English, you should read a lot.
It being a fine day, we went out for a play.
While waiting for the bus, I lost my wallet.
Given more time, I can do it better.
個別短語如generally speaking（一般來說）、strictly speaking（嚴(yán)格地說）、judging from...（依據(jù)……判斷）、to tell you the truth（說實話），作為插入語使用，不受主語和狀語的邏輯主語一致的限制。
To tell you the truth, your conclusion sounds strange.
告訴你實話，你的結(jié)論聽起來很奇怪。
五、專項練習(xí)
I. 單句改錯。（僅限1處）
1. Because I was ill for six months, so I lost my job.
2. My father was watching TV while I came back home last night.
3. If possibly, he wanted proof before he would believe something.
4. The sports meet was put off because the heavy rain.
5. He made such many mistakes in his homework that the teacher made him do it again.
II. 在空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
6. Wherever you work, you ______（gain）much valuable experience as long as you are willing to work.
7. ① When ______（compare）different cultures, we often only pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
② When ______（compare）with most natural changes, that the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century is quite shocking.
8. ① As time ______（go）by, the days became longer and longer.
② With time ______（go）by, the days became longer and longer.
9. ① It was five o’clock ______ we arrived at the small mountain village.
② It was at five o’clock ______ we arrived at the small mountain village.
10. It was long ______ they escaped from the prison.
III. 單項選擇。
11. I really enjoy listening to music ______ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
A. because
B. before
C. unless
D. until
12. ______ the average age of the population increases, there are more and more senior citizens to care for.
A. Unless
B. Until
C. As
D. While
13. ______ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
A. Since
B. After
C. While
D. Unless
14. We’ll have to finish the job, ______.
A. long it takes however
B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes
D. however long it takes
15. ______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. Having checked
B. Check
C. If you check
D. To check
16. John thinks it won’t be long ______ he is ready for his new job.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. since
17. ______ grades you get in this exam, you should never lose heart.
A. No matter how
B. What
C. No matter what
D. Which
18. ______ with the size of the whole universe, even the biggest star we can observe doesn’t seem big at all.
A. When compared
B. Compare
C. While comparing
D. Comparing
19. ______ difficult the task is, we are determined to finish it in time.
A. As
B. Whenever
C. However
D. How
20. ______ in the street, a terrible car accident happened, resulting in three deaths．
A. While walking
B. Walk
C. Walking
D. When I was walking
IV. 閱讀下列短文，在空白處填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
My favorite teacher is my English teacher Mr. Li. I think him nice and friendly the first time I met him. I like him, 21 I think he is the best teacher in the world.
I didn’t realize how special Mr. Li was 22 I became an English teacher. While 23 （teach）English, I can remember all the good time I spent in our school. Every 24 I visit my school, I can think of him.
Ever since I entered high school, he pushed me hard in my English study. He would train me first before he set me a task. Much 25 I respected him, I didn’t agree with his opinions on this subject. 26 English was of great help, I didn’t think it was a good idea to spend too much time on it. At the beginning, learning English seemed 27 difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying. 28 hard he tried, he could not change my mind.
At that time he always encouraged us that, no matter 29 we did, we should try our best to do it well. In his opinion, as long as we kept on trying, we would surely succeed. Therefore, 30 he saw someone in need of help, he would spare no effort to help him.
Thanks to Mr. Li’s help, I made great progress in English and became an English teacher. I want to be a teacher like Mr. Li.
六、答案解析
I.
1. 去掉so 考查連詞及狀語從句。漢語說“因為……所以……”，但英語卻不能用because... so...這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)，同樣也沒有though... but...的結(jié)構(gòu)。
2. while改為when 考查be doing sth. when.../be about to do sth. ...when... 的結(jié)構(gòu)，表“正在/即將去做……突然；就在那時……”。
3. possibly改為possible 考查狀語從句的省略。句意：如有可能，他在相信某種事物之前總要先看到證據(jù)。when, while, if, as if,although/though, as, until, once, whether, unless, where等引導(dǎo)的從句中，如果其謂語為be，而主語與主句的主語相同或從句的主語為it時，可省略主語和be。此句可還原為： If it was possible, he wanted proof before he would believe something.
4. because后面加of 考查連詞because和介詞短語because of的區(qū)別。because是連詞，后面要跟句子；because of是介詞，后面跟名詞或動名詞。
5. such改為so 考查結(jié)果狀語從句。在so/such... that...結(jié)果狀語從句中，當(dāng)名詞被many, much, few, little修飾時，該結(jié)構(gòu)需使用so，不能使用such。
II.
6. will gain 考查狀語從句的時態(tài)。此處是wherever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，符合“主將從現(xiàn)”的法則，故主句使用一般將來時態(tài)。
7. ① comparing ② compared 考查“連詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。前者的邏輯主語是we，與compare之間是主動關(guān)系，故為現(xiàn)在分詞。后者的邏輯主語是that the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century，與compare之間是被動關(guān)系，故為過去分詞。
8. ① went ② going 考查as和with的區(qū)別。兩句均意為：隨著時間的推進(jìn)，白天變得越來越長了。前者as為連詞，根據(jù)主句時態(tài)是一般過去時態(tài)，故為went；后者with是介詞，不能引導(dǎo)句子，此結(jié)構(gòu)為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，time和go 之間是主動關(guān)系，故為going。
9. ① when ② that 考查when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。前者是It was+（時刻或時間點(diǎn)）+when sth. happened.（當(dāng)某事發(fā)生時，是幾點(diǎn)鐘或哪一年），為時間狀語從句；后者是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷方法：去掉it、be和that，余下的部分仍是一個完整的句子，這樣的句子一定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
10. before 考查before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。句意：過了很久，他們才從監(jiān)獄里逃脫。It was+一段時間+before sth. happened. 意為“過了一段時間之后，某事才發(fā)生了”。 另外，It will be+一段時間+before sth.happens.意為“要過一段時間之后，某事才會發(fā)生；不用過多久，某事就將發(fā)生”。
III.
11. A 考查原因狀語從句。句意：我非常喜歡聽音樂，因為它能讓我放松，使我不去想一天中的其他事情。空格前后是因果關(guān)系。
12. C 考查狀語從句的連詞。句意：隨著人口平均壽命的增長，有越來越多老人需要照顧。此處as意為“隨著”。
13. C 考查讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但不是它所有的影響都是積極的。根據(jù)語境可知前后為讓步關(guān)系。
14. D 考查程度副詞however引導(dǎo)狀語從句的用法。however（=to whatever degree不管到什么程度）引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中however所強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞或副詞應(yīng)緊隨其后。如：However hungry Jane is, she goes on working.
15. C 考查條件狀語從句。前面一個分句為條件狀語從句，后面一個分句為主語，需由if引導(dǎo)。check的邏輯主語不是句子主語some spelling mistakes，故不選A和D。若選B，需由and引導(dǎo)并列分句。
16. C 考查時間狀語從句。所填詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，構(gòu)成It（will）be+時間段+狀語從句，意為“過多久才將……”，故選C。
17. C 考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論你在這次考試中取得什么成績，你都不應(yīng)當(dāng)失去信心。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，此句為狀語從句，故排除B和D。no matter how引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時，后面跟形容詞或者副詞，故排除A。此處no matter what 相當(dāng)于whatever。
18. A 考查省略形式的狀語從句。句意：當(dāng)和整個宇宙比較時，我們能觀察到的最大恒星似乎根本也沒那么大。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號之后是主句，主句主語star與所給動詞compare構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用過去分詞，排除B、C和D項。句中When compared是一個省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整結(jié)構(gòu)為When the biggest star is compared with the size of the whole universe，在句中作時間狀語，因此A項符合語境，故選A。
19. C 考查從屬連詞辨析。句意：不管這個任務(wù)多么艱難，我們都決定按時完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)句意，本句中含有讓步狀語從句，as表示“雖然”時，不位于句首，應(yīng)該是Difficult as the task is；whenever意為“無論何時”，不符合句意；how 位于句首時，沒有讓步的含義；however意為“無論……”，可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故本題選C。
20. D 考查狀語從句和狀語的轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)我在街上走的時候，發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重的車禍，導(dǎo)致三人死亡。這句話已經(jīng)有了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：主語為a terrible car accident，謂語為happened，所以只能加狀語，而walk的邏輯主語不可能是car accident，狀語中要有自己的邏輯主語，所以選擇D項。
IV.
語篇解讀：作者描述了自己尊敬的英語老師幫助他學(xué)習(xí)英語的往事。
21. because/for 考查因果邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意，空格前后為因果關(guān)系。
22. until 考查時間狀語從句。此處為not... until...的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到……才……”。
23. teaching 考查非謂語動詞。teach的邏輯主語為I，兩者為主動關(guān)系。
24. time 考查時間狀語從句。此處是every time 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
25. as/though 考查讓步狀語從句。as/though作“雖然，盡管”解時，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，常用倒裝語序，把從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as之前，即“adj./adv./n.+as+主語+謂語+主句”。
26. Although/Though/While 考查讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)前后句邏輯關(guān)系可判斷。
27. so 考查結(jié)果狀語從句。此處是so... that...（如此……以致……）的搭配。
28. However 考查讓步狀語從句。此處however 相當(dāng)于no matter how。
29. what 考查讓步狀語從句。此處what 作did的賓語。
30. whenever/when考查時間狀語從句。句意：每當(dāng)看到有人需要幫助，他都不遺余力。

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