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暑假學(xué)習(xí)
仁愛版英語九年級上冊Unit 2 Saving the Earth
一、 核心詞匯 (Key Vocabulary)
環(huán)境相關(guān):
1. environment / n va r nm nt/ (n. 環(huán)境) 7. affect / fekt/ (v. 影響) (通常指直接的、產(chǎn)生效果的影響) 13. reuse / ri ju z/ (v. 再利用)
2. pollution /p lu n/ (n. 污染) air/water/noise/soil pollution (空氣/水/噪音/土壤污染) 8. destroy /d str / (v. 破壞，毀滅) destruction (n. 破壞) 14. produce /pr dju s/ (v. 生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生) product (n. 產(chǎn)品) production (n. 生產(chǎn))
3. pollute /p lu t/ (v. 污染) polluted (adj. 被污染的) 9. waste /we st/ (n. 廢物；v. 浪費) wasteful (adj. 浪費的) 15. prevent /pr vent/ (v. 防止，預(yù)防) prevention (n. 預(yù)防)
4. protect /pr tekt/ (v. 保護(hù)) protection (n. 保護(hù)) 10. resource /r s s/ (n. 資源) natural resources (自然資源) 16. improve / m pru v/ (v. 改善，提高)
5. harm /hɑ m/ (n./v. 危害) harmful (adj. 有害的) harmless (adj. 無害的) 11. recycle / ri sa kl/ (v. 回收利用) recycling (n. 回收利用) 17. scientist / sa nt st/ (n. 科學(xué)家)
6. influence / nflu ns/ (n./v. 影響) (通常指較深遠(yuǎn)的、潛移默化的影響) 12. reduce /r dju s/ (v. 減少) 18. research /r s t / (n./v. 研究)
問題與現(xiàn)象:
1. problem / pr bl m/ (n. 問題) 3. result /r z lt/ (n. 結(jié)果；v. 導(dǎo)致) as a result (結(jié)果) 5. change /t e nd / (n./v. 改變)
2. cause /k z/ (n. 原因；v. 引起) 4. situation / s t u e n/ (n. 情況，形勢) 6. health /helθ/ (n. 健康) healthy (adj. 健康的)
解決方案與行動:
1. action / k n/ (n. 行動) take action (采取行動) 3. should / d/ (modal v. 應(yīng)該) 5. ought to / t t / (modal v. 應(yīng)該) (語氣比should稍強(qiáng))
2. way /we / (n. 方式，方法) 4. must /m st/ (modal v. 必須) 6. duty / dju ti/ (n. 責(zé)任) It's our duty to... (做...是我們的責(zé)任)
其他常用詞:
1. several / sevr l/ (adj. 幾個，數(shù)個) 2. none /n n/ (pron. 沒有一個) 3. 比較級/最高級: worse /w s/ (bad的比較級), worst /w st/ (bad的最高級)
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)建議：
按主題分類記憶（如污染類、行動類、問題類）。
2. 注意動詞、名詞、形容詞形式的變化和聯(lián)系（如 pollute → pollution → polluted）。
3. 制作單詞卡片（紙質(zhì)或使用App如Anki），利用碎片時間復(fù)習(xí)。
4. 嘗試用新單詞造句，結(jié)合環(huán)保主題。
二、 重點句型 (Key Sentence Patterns)
1. 描述問題 (Describing Problems):
1）There be + 問題:
There is too much air/water/noise pollution. (存在太多空氣/水/噪音污染。)
2）... cause(s)/produce(s)/lead(s) to...
Factories cause a lot of pollution. (工廠造成大量污染。) / Burning coal produces harmful gases. (燃燒煤炭產(chǎn)生有害氣體。) / Cutting down trees leads to soil erosion. (砍伐樹木導(dǎo)致水土流失。)
... is harmful to...
Air pollution is harmful to our health. (空氣污染對我們的健康有害。)
... has a bad/great influence/effect on...
Pollution has a bad influence on animals and plants. (污染對動植物有不良影響。)
The problem is that...
The problem is that we are producing too much waste. (問題在于我們正在產(chǎn)生太多垃圾。)
It is + adj. + that...
It is terrible that so many animals are losing their homes. (如此多的動物正在失去家園，這太可怕了。)
As a result,...
Many trees are cut down. As a result, many animals lose their homes. (許多樹木被砍伐。結(jié)果，許多動物失去了家園。)
2. 表達(dá)影響 (Expressing Effects):
1）... make(s) it + adj. + (for sb) to do sth ...
Pollution makes it difficult for us to breathe fresh air. (污染使得我們難以呼吸到新鮮空氣。)
2）If we..., ... will...
If we don't protect the environment, the earth will become worse. (如果我們不保護(hù)環(huán)境，地球會變得更糟。)
3. 提出建議/解決方案 (Giving Suggestions/Solutions):
1）We should (not) / ought (not) to / must (not) / had better (not) + V原:
We should recycle paper and plastic. (我們應(yīng)該回收紙張和塑料。) / We must not litter. (我們絕不能亂扔垃圾。) / We ought to save water. (我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用水。) / We had better use public transportation. (我們最好使用公共交通。)
It's + adj. (+ for sb) + to do sth:
It's important (for us) to protect the environment. (保護(hù)環(huán)境（對我們來說）很重要。)
It's our duty to do sth:
It's our duty to save the earth. (拯救地球是我們的責(zé)任。)
We need to do sth:
We need to take action right now. (我們需要立即采取行動。)
Why not... / Why don't we/you...
Why not plant more trees (為什么不種更多的樹呢？) / Why don't we use both sides of the paper (我們?yōu)槭裁床挥眉埖膬擅婺兀?
What/How about...
How about turning off the lights when we leave a room (我們離開房間時關(guān)燈怎么樣？)
Let's...
Let's start from small things. (讓我們從小事做起。)
4. 表達(dá)責(zé)任與義務(wù) (Expressing Duty/Obligation):
Everyone has the duty to do sth. (每個人都有責(zé)任做某事。)
It's everyone's job to do sth. (做某事是每個人的工作/職責(zé)。)
句型學(xué)習(xí)建議
1. 理解每個句型的結(jié)構(gòu)和適用場景。
2. 重點練習(xí)提建議的多種表達(dá)方式（should, ought to, why not, how about, let's）。
3. 嘗試將核心詞匯代入句型中進(jìn)行替換練習(xí)。
三、核心語法 (Key Grammar)
現(xiàn)在完成時 (Present Perfect Tense)
1. 構(gòu)成 (Structure):
1）肯定句:主語 + have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 (V-ed/ V3)
I/We/You/They have finished the work. (我/我們/你/你們/他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。)
He/She/It has seen the movie. (他/她/它已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。)
2）否定句:主語 + have/has + not (haven't/hasn't) + 過去分詞
We haven't (have not) visited Beijing yet. (我們還沒有去過北京。)
She hasn't (has not) finished her homework. (她還沒完成作業(yè)。)
3）一般疑問句:Have/Has + 主語 + 過去分詞...
- Have you eaten breakfast (你吃早餐了嗎？)
-Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
/ - Has Tom arrived (湯姆到了嗎？)
- Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
4）特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞 + have/has + 主語 + 過去分詞...
Where have you been (你去哪兒了？)
What has she done** (她做了什么？)
2. 核心用法 (Key Usages):
表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果 。說話者關(guān)心的不是動作發(fā)生的時間，而是這個動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系（結(jié)果、影響、經(jīng)歷）。
I have lost my keys. (我丟了鑰匙。) 結(jié)果：我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙，進(jìn)不了門。
She has just arrived. (她剛到。) 結(jié)果：她現(xiàn)在在這里。
Have you finished your report (你報告寫完了嗎？) 關(guān)心現(xiàn)在是否完成。
表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài) (常與 for + 時間段, since + 時間點 連用)。
We have lived here for ten years. (我們在這里住了十年了。)
He has worked in this company since 2010. (他從2010年起就在這家公司工作。)
表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗 (常與 ever, never, once, twice 等連用)。
Have you ever been to Shanghai (你去過上海嗎？)
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset. (我從未見過如此美麗的日落。)
3. 常用時間狀語 (Common Time Adverbials):
already (已經(jīng)，常用于肯定句)，yet (還，已經(jīng)，常用于否定句和疑問句句末)，just (剛剛)，ever (曾經(jīng)，用于疑問句)，never (從不)，before (以前)，recently/lately (最近)，so far / up to now(到目前為止)，for + 時間段 (e.g., for two days, for a long time)，since + 時間點 (e.g., since last week, since 1999, since he came here)，in the past/last few years (在過去的幾年里)
4. 與一般過去時的區(qū)別 (Difference from Simple Past Tense):
現(xiàn)在完成時: 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系（結(jié)果、影響、持續(xù)、經(jīng)歷）。
I have seen that movie. (我看過那部電影。) 強(qiáng)調(diào)我知道內(nèi)容，有“看過”這個經(jīng)歷。
一般過去時: 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在過去某個具體時間，與現(xiàn)在沒有明顯聯(lián)系。
I saw that movie last week. (我上周看了那部電影。) 強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個動作發(fā)生在上周這個具體時間。
語法學(xué)習(xí)建議：
1）核心理解:牢記完成時的核心是“過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系”。
2）標(biāo)志詞: 熟記并理解常用時間狀語（already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since）的含義和用法位置。
3）動詞過去分詞: 務(wù)必熟練掌握常見不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式（如 see-saw-seen, go-went-gone, do-did-done, have-had-had, be-was/were-been, eat-ate-eaten 等）。這是使用現(xiàn)在完成時的基礎(chǔ)。
4）對比練習(xí): 大量做現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的對比練習(xí)，體會它們用法上的本質(zhì)區(qū)別。
5）造句: 用現(xiàn)在完成時描述你最近做過的事情（結(jié)果/經(jīng)歷）或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)（學(xué)了多久英語、住了多久等）。
四、 知識練習(xí) (Practice Exercises)
A. 詞匯練習(xí) (Vocabulary Practice)
1. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示填空:
1）The government is taking actions to p_______ the wild animals.
2）Too much noise p_______ can make people sick.
3）We should r_______ paper, glass and plastic to save resources.
4）It's our d_______ to keep our city clean.
5）Air pollution has a bad i_______ on people's health. (影響)
6）We mustn't _______ (浪費) water.
7）Scientists are doing r________ on how to solve the pollution problem. (研究)
8）Cutting down trees _______ (引起) many problems.
2. 選擇正確的單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空 (protect, harm, pollute, improve, resource):
1）We need to find ways to ______ our living environment.
2）Oil spills can ______ sea life seriously.
3）Water ______ is a big problem in some areas.
4）Forests are important natural ______.
5）Laws are made to ______ endangered animals.
B. 句型練習(xí) (Sentence Pattern Practice)
1. 將下列句子翻譯成英語:
1）亂扔垃圾對環(huán)境有害。(harmful)
_______________________________________________________________
我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約用電。(save electricity)
_______________________________________________________________
為什么不乘公共汽車去上學(xué)呢？(Why not... )
_______________________________________________________________
保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。(It's our duty to...)
_______________________________________________________________
工廠排放的廢氣導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染。(cause)
_______________________________________________________________
2. 根據(jù)提示完成句子:
1）______________________ (太多的汽車) causes traffic jams and air pollution. (There be)
2）______________________ (如果我們不節(jié)約用水), we will face a water shortage in the future. (If we...)
3）It's important ______________________ (循環(huán)利用舊書和報紙). (to do sth)
4） ______________________ (你最好關(guān)掉) the TV if you're not watching it. (had better)
C. 語法練習(xí) (Grammar Practice) 現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 用所給動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時形式填空:
1）I __________ (finish) my homework already.
2）She __________ (not see) that movie yet.
3） __________ you ever __________ (be) to the Great Wall (Have... been)
4）They __________ (live) in this city for five years.
5） My father __________ (work) in that factory since he left school.
6） We __________ (just clean) the classroom.
7） __________ Tom __________ (do) his project - No, not yet.
2. 選擇 for 或 since 填空:
1） He has been a teacher ______ 2005.
2） They have known each other ______ ten years.
3） I haven't eaten anything ______ this morning.
4） She has studied English ______ a long time.
5） It hasn't rained ______ last month.
3. 用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時填空:
1） I __________ (buy) a new dictionary last Sunday.
2） __________ you __________ (read) this book before
3） Mr. Smith __________ (come) to China three years ago.
4） We __________ (not hear) from him since he moved to London.
5） -- Where is Tom -- He __________ (go) to the library.
6） He __________ (go) to the library an hour ago.
綜合練習(xí) (Integrated Practice)
閱讀短文，用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。
第一篇：
The Dying Forest
Our forest is in great danger. In the past ten years, people 1 (cut) down thousands of trees. As a result, many animals 2 (lose) their homes. The air quality 3 (become) worse too because trees clean the air.
Last month, scientists 4 (find) that the soil here is now polluted. Chemicals from factories
5 (enter) the groundwater. This is harmful 6 our health. If we drink this water, we may get sick.
But all hope is not lost. Our school 7 (start) a project called "Green Hope" since 2023. We
8 (plant) over 500 trees so far. We also tell farmers 9 (not use) harmful chemicals.
10 is everyone’s duty to protect our forest. Why not join us this weekend
第二篇：
Saving Our Oceans
Plastic pollution 1 (be) a huge problem for oceans. Sea animals often mistake plastic bags for food, which 2 (cause) many deaths. So far, humans 3 (produce) over 8 billion tons of plastic!
We must take action. First, we ought 4 (reduce) plastic use. Why not 5 (carry) reusable bottles Second, recycling 6 (be) everyone’s duty. My family 7 (recycle) all plastic waste for three years. 8 you ever 9 (try) it
Remember: small changes 10 (make) a big difference!
參考答案：
詞匯練習(xí)
1. 根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示填空
1）protect 2) pollution 3）reuse 4) duty 5) influence
6) waste 7) research 8）cause
2. 選擇正確的單詞并用其適當(dāng)形式填空
1) improve 2）pollute 3）pollution 4）resources 5）protect
B. 句型練習(xí)
1. 將下列句子翻譯成英語:
1） Littering is harmful to the environment.
2） We should save electricity.
3） Why not take the bus to school
4） It's our duty to protect the environment.
5） Waste gas from factories causes serious air pollution.
2. 根據(jù)提示完成句子:
1）There are too many cars
2）If we don't save water
3）to recycle old books and newspapers
4）You’d better turn off
語法練習(xí) (Grammar Practice) 現(xiàn)在完成時:
1. 用所給動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時形式填空:
have finished 2）hasn’t seen 3）Have, been 4）have lived
has worked 6）have just cleaned 7）has done
選擇 for 或 since 填空:
since 2) for 3) since 4) for 5) since
用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時填空:
bought 2) Have... read 3) came 4) haven't heard 5) has gone
went
綜合練習(xí) (Integrated Practice)
閱讀短文，用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。
第一篇：1. have cut 2. have lost 3. has become 4. found 5. have entered
to 7. has started 8. have planted 9. not to use 10. It
第二篇：1. is 2. causes 3. have produced 4. to reduce 5. carry
6. is 7. has recycled 8 . Have 9. tried 10. can make

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