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仁愛版英語九年級上冊 Unit 4 Amazing Science
一、核心詞匯 (Key Vocabulary)
科技與發明
discover /d sk v (r)/ (v. 發現) → discovery (n. 發現) 5.Technology /tek n l d i/ (n. 技術) → high technology (高新技術) 9.spaceship / spe s p/ (n. 宇宙飛船)
2.Invent / n vent/ (v. 發明) → invention (n. 發明) → inventor (n. 發明家) 6.robot / r b t/ (n. 機器人) → robotic (adj. 機器人的) 10.rocket / r k t/ (n. 火箭)
3.create /kri e t/ (v. 創造) → creation (n. 創造物) 7.digital / d d tl/ (adj. 數字的) → digital camera (數碼相機) 11.screen /skri n/ (n. 屏幕)
4.develop /d vel p/ (v. 發展；開發) → development (n. 發展) 8.satellite / s t la t/ (n. 衛星) → man-made satellite (人造衛星) 12.control /k n tr l/ (v./n. 控制) → remote control (遙控器)
宇宙探索
1.planet / pl n t/ (n. 行星) →Mars (火星) / Jupiter (木星) 3.galaxy / ɡ l ksi/ (n. 星系) → the Milky Way (銀河系) 5.land on (登陸) → The spacecraft landed on the moon.
2.universe / ju n v s/ (n. 宇宙) 4.astronaut / str n t/ (n. 宇航員)
研究探索
1.experiment / k sper m nt/ (n./v. 實驗) → do an experiment 3. explore / k spl (r)/ (v. 探索) → exploration (n. 探索)
2. research /r s t / (n./v. 研究) → scientific research 4. theory / θ ri/ (n. 理論) → Einstein’s theory
現代科技
1.smartphone / smɑ tf n/ (n. 智能手機) 3. online / n la n/ (adj./adv. 在線的) → shop online
2.app / p/ (n. 應用程序) 4. download / da n l d/ (v. 下載) upload (上傳)
二、 重點句型 (Key Sentence Patterns)
1. 描述發明/發現 (Describing Inventions/Discoveries):
被動語態 (重點！):
E.g. Paper was invented by Chinese people. (紙是由中國人發明的。)
The new robot has been developed by scientists. (新機器人已被科學家開發出來。)
用途表達:
E.g. It is used for... (它被用來做...) → Computers are used for storing information.
It is used to...(它被用來...) → Radios are used to listen to news.
2. 討論科技影響 (Discussing Impact):
Advantages:
It makes it easier to... (它使...更容易) → The Internet makes it easier to communicate.
It helps us (to)... (它幫助我們...) → Robots help us do dangerous work.
Disadvantages:
It may cause... (它可能導致...) → Too much screen time may cause eye problems.
People depend too much on... (人們過度依賴...)
3. 表達可能性 (Expressing Possibility):
It is possible that... (有可能...)
Humans might live on Mars one day.(人類也許有一天會住在火星上。)
Scientists could find new planets.(科學家可能發現新行星。)
二、核心語法：
(一)被動語態 (Passive Voice)
結構：be + 過去分詞 (V-ed/V3)
時態 被動語態結構 例句
一般現在時 am/is/are + V3 English is spoken worldwide.
一般過去時 was/were + V3 The telephone was invented by Bell.
現在完成時 have/has been + V3 The spaceship has been sent to Mars.
含情態動詞 情態動詞 + be + V3 Robots can be controlled remotely.
使用場景：
1. 強調動作承受者（發明物/發現物）:
E.g. The new computer was shown at the exhibition. (電腦被展出 → 強調電腦)
(對比主動語態: They showed the new computer... 強調“他們”)
2. 動作執行者未知或不重要:
E.g. My phone was stolen yesterday. (手機被偷 → 誰偷的不重要)
3. 客觀陳述事實/科學真理:
E.g. Plastic is produced from oil.
主動變被動三步法：
1. 原賓語 → 變主語
2. 謂語動詞 → 變 “be + 過去分詞”（be隨新主語時態變化）
3. 原主語 → 變 by + 執行者（可省略）
E.g. 主動: Thomas Edison invented the light bulb.
被動: The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison.
(二)定語從句 ( Attributive Clause )
1. 什么是定語從句？
作用：修飾名詞或代詞（即先行詞），相當于形容詞。
位置：緊跟先行詞后，由關系代詞（who/which/that/whose）或關系副詞（where/when）引導。
e.g. The scientist who invented the light bulb is Edison. （修飾scientist）
This is the lab where we do experiments. （修飾lab）
關系代詞用法
關系代詞 指代對象 在從句中作用 例句
who 人 主語/賓語 The boy who is wearing glasses is my brother.（主語）
whom 人 賓語（可省略） The girl (whom) you met is a scientist.（賓語）
which 物 主語/賓語 The robot which can talk amazed us.（主語）
that 人或物 主語/賓語 The book (that) I bought is about space.（賓語）
whose 人或物（所有格） 定語（=of whom/which） That's the scientist whose invention changed the world.
特殊規則:
只用that的情況：
先行詞是不定代詞（all, everything, nothing等）
All (that) we need is time.
先行詞被序數詞/最高級修飾
This is the best movie (that) I have seen.
先行詞同時包含人和物
6. They talked about the people and things (that) they remembered.
不用that的情況：
1.介詞后（介詞+which/whom）
2. The lab in which we work is modern. （ 不說 in that）
關系副詞用法
關系副詞 指代對象 含義 例句
where 地點 in/at which This is the factory where (in which) cars are made.
when 時間 at/in which I remember the day when (on which) we first met.
附：高頻考點思維導圖
定語從句 → 關系代詞 → who (人) / which (物) / that (人/物) / whose (所有格)
↘ 關系副詞 → where (地點) / when (時間)
↘ 特殊規則 → 只用that：不定代詞/序數詞/最高級/人+物 ↘ 不用that：介詞后
三、分層知識練習
A. 基礎鞏固 (詞匯+句型)
1. 根據首字母或漢語提示填空：
1) The ________ (衛星) sends signals back to Earth.
2) Scientists are doing an e________ to test the theory.
3) Online shopping ________ (使變得) life more convenient.
4) The smartphone ________ (開發) by this company is very popular.
5) Paper ________ (發明) in China about 2,000 years ago.
2. 將句子改為被動語態：
1) People use computers to solve problems.
→ Computers are used to solve problems.
2) Scientists have discovered a new planet.
→ A new planet has been discovered by scientists.
3) We should protect the environment.
→ The environment should be protected.
B. 能力提升 (語法+應用)
語法填空 (用被動語態的正確形式)：
The History of Computers
The first computer 1. ________ (build) in the 1940s. It 2. ________ (be) as large as a room! Today, small computers 3. ________ (use) in homes and offices. Many tasks 4. ________ (can/do) by computers now, such as writing and drawing. In the future, more work 5. ________ (may/complete) by AI.
C、定語從句專練
Part 1 選擇填空
1. The computer ______ I bought last week doesn’t work now.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2. Do you know the man ______ is giving a speech
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
3. This is the school ______ my mother taught 20 years ago.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
4. She will never forget the day ______ she became a scientist.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
5. The boy ______ father is an astronaut wants to go to Mars.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
Part 2: 合并句子（用定語從句合并）
6. The girl is from Canada. She won the science competition.
→ The girl ______________________________ is from Canada.
7. We visited a museum. It shows space technology.
→ We visited a museum ______________________________.
8. July 20, 1969 was the day. On that day humans first walked on the moon.
→ July 20, 1969 was the day ______________________________.
Part 3: 語法填空
In 2023, scientists created a robot 9 ______ (name) "Mars Explorer", 10 ______ can collect rocks on Mars. The lab 11 ______ it was designed is in Beijing. The engineers 12 ______ work there are proud of their invention.
D.寫作任務 ：
提示：以 “An Invention That Changed the World” 為題，寫一篇80詞短文。
要求：
使用被動語態描述發明（如：was invented, is used）
說明其用途和影響
至少使用3個本單元詞匯（如：technology, discover, convenient）
An Invention That Changed the World
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考答案：
A. 基礎鞏固 (詞匯+句型)
詞匯填空
1） satellite 2）experiment 3）makes 4）developed 5）was invented
2. 被動語態
1）Computers are used... 2）A new planet has been... 3）The environment should be...
B.能力提升
1. was built 2. was 3. are used 4. can be done 5. may be completed
C、定語從句專練
Part 1 選擇填空
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C
Part 2: 合并句子
6. who won the science competition
7. which shows space technology
8. when humans first walked on the moon
Part 3: 語法填空
named 10. which/that 11. where 12. who
D.寫作任務 ：
范文參考:
The Internet is considered one of the greatest inventions. It was developed in the late 20th century. Today, it is used worldwide for communication, education and business. Information can be found in seconds. Online shopping makes life more convenient. However, people depend too much on this technology. We should use it wisely.

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