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暑假學習
仁愛版英語九年級上冊Unit 1 The Changing World
一、 重點單詞 (Vocabulary)
核心話題詞：
1. population (n.) 人口 6. development (n.) 發展 develop (v.) 發展；開發 11. improve (v.) 改進；提高 improvement (n.) 改進
2. increase (v./n.) 增加；增長 7. progress (n./v.) 進步；進展 12. government (n.) 政府
3. decrease (v./n.) 減少；下降 8. technology (n.) 技術 technological (adj.) 技術的 13. recent (adj.) 最近的 recently (adv.) 最近
4. environment (n.) 環境 environmental (adj.) 環境的 9. communication (n.) 交流；通訊 communicate (v.) 交流 14. century (n.) 世紀
5. pollution (n.) 污染 pollute (v.) 污染 10. transportation (n.) 交通；運輸
描述變化的詞：
1.great (adj.) 巨大的；偉大的 5. amazing (adj.) 令人驚奇的
2.rapid (adj.) 快速的 6. terrible (adj.) 糟糕的；可怕的
3. slow (adj.) 緩慢的 7. serious (adj.) 嚴重的
4. huge (adj.) 巨大的 8. convenient (adj.) 方便的 inconvenient (adj.) 不方便的
其他常用詞：
1. offer (v.) 提供；主動提出 (n.) 提議；提供物 6. interview (v./n.) 采訪；面試 11. ever (adv.) 曾經（用于疑問句）
2. provide (v.) 提供 provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 7. return (v.) 歸還；返回 (n.) 返回；歸還 12. never (adv.) 從不；從未
3. succeed (v.) 成功 success (n.) 成功 successful (adj.) 成功的 8. especially (adv.) 尤其；特別 13. just (adv.) 剛剛
4. control (v./n.) 控制 9. already(adv.) 已經 14. since (prep./conj.) 自從...以來
5. report (v./n.) 報告 10. yet (adv.) 還（用于否定句和疑問句）；已經（用于疑問句） 15. for (prep.) （持續）...時間
二、 重點句型 (Key Sentence Structures)
1. 談論變化 (Describing Changes):
1）Great changes have taken place in ... (recent years / the last decade / etc.) 在...（最近幾年/過去十年等）發生了巨大變化。
e.g. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last ten years.
2) ... has/have changed a lot / greatly / rapidly ....變化很大/巨大/迅速。
e.g. The environment here has changed a lot.
3) There has been a great increase / decrease in ... 在...方面有了巨大的增長/減少。
e.g. There has been a huge increase in the number of cars.
... is / are becoming more and more ......變得越來越...
e.g. Life is becoming more and more convenient.
5）Compared with the past, ... 與過去相比，...
e.g. Compared with the past, communication is much easier now.
2. 談論經歷/完成的事情 (談論經歷/完成的事情):
1） Have you (ever) ... 你（曾經）...過嗎？ (這是現在完成時最典型的疑問句形式)
e.g. - Have you ever traveled abroad
- Yes, I have. / No, I haven't. 是的，我有。/ 不，我沒有。
I have (just/already) ... 我（剛剛/已經）...了。
e.g. I have already finished my homework.
3) I haven't ... yet. 我還沒...呢。
e.g. I haven't seen that movie yet.
4) Have you ... yet 你...了嗎？（詢問某事是否已經發生）
e.g. Have you had lunch yet
3. 談論持續的狀態或動作 (談論持續的狀態或動作):
I/He/She/They have lived/studied/worked here since ... / for ... 我/他/她/他們自從... / 已經...（時間）住在這里/學習/工作。
e.g. They have lived in Beijing since 2010. (自2010年起)
She has studied English for five years. (持續五年了)
How long have you ... 你...多久了？
How long have you known each other
4. 提供幫助/服務 (Offering Help/Services):
1) Can I help you / What can I do for you 我能幫你嗎？
2) Would you like (me) to ... 你愿意（我）...嗎？
e.g.Would you like me to carry the box
Let me help you (with ...). 讓我幫你（...）。
Thanks. That's very kind/nice of you. 謝謝，你真是太好了。
Yes, please. / No, thanks. I can manage it myself. 好的，謝謝。/ 不用了，謝謝。我自己能行。
三、 核心語法：現在完成時 (Present Perfect Tense)
1. 構成 (Structure):
肯定句: 主語 + have/has + 動詞的過去分詞 (V-ed/ V3)
I/You/We/They have seen the film.
He/She/It has seen the film.
否定句: 主語 + have/has + not (haven't/hasn't) + 過去分詞
I haven't finished my work.
She hasn't arrived yet.
一般疑問句:Have/Has + 主語 + 過去分詞 ...
Have you eaten breakfast Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Has he returned the book Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞 + have/has + 主語 + 過去分詞 ...
Where have you been
What has she done
How long have you lived here (非常重要！問持續多久)
2. 核心用法 (Key Usages):
用法 1: 表示過去發生或完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 (強調現在的情況)
I have lost my keys.(結果：我現在沒有鑰匙，進不了門。)
She has just had lunch. (結果：她現在不餓。)
The train has already left. (結果：火車現在不在這里了。)
常與副詞 just (剛剛), already (已經), yet (還/已經 - 用于否定句和疑問句), never (從不), ever (曾經) 連用。
用法 2: 表示從過去某個時間開始，一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。 (強調持續性)
We have lived in this city for ten years. (我們從10年前開始住在這里，現在仍然住在這里。)
He has been a teacher since 2005. (他從2005年開始當老師，現在仍然是老師。)
How long have you known him (你認識他多久了？從過去認識一直到現在。)
必須與表示一段時間的狀語連用：for + 一段時間 (如 for two days/three years), since + 過去的時間點 (如 since last week/since 1999/since I came here), `how long` (多久)。
關鍵點： 這個用法中，動詞必須是延續性動詞 (如 live, work, study, know, be, have (有), stay, wait, teach 等)，不能用短暫性動詞 (如 come, go, leave, die, buy, borrow, join, become, start, begin, stop, finish, open, close 等)。如果要用短暫性動詞表達持續含義，需要轉換句式或用替代詞：
He has been in Beijing for a week. (不能說：He has come to Beijing for a week.)
His grandfather has been dead for two years. (不能說：His grandfather has died for two years.)
She has had the book since Monday. (不能說：She has borrowed the book since Monday.)
與一般過去時的區別 (Difference from Simple Past Tense):
一般過去時: 只表示動作發生在過去某個具體時間，與現在沒有直接聯系。常與 yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1990, when I was young 等表示過去具體時間的狀語連用。
I saw that movie last month. (上個月看的，只說明過去發生的動作，不涉及現在是否記得或有何影響)
現在完成時:
用法1：強調過去動作對現在的影響或結果。
I have seen that movie. (我看過那部電影了 - 強調現在我知道電影內容)
用法2：強調動作或狀態從過去持續到現在。
I have lived here for 5 years. (我在這里住了5年 - 現在仍然住在這里)
關鍵：現在完成時總是和“現在”有聯系（結果影響或持續），而一般過去時只談過去的事。
4. have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in (重點辨析！)
have/has been to + 地點: 曾經去過某地（現在人已回來）。強調經歷。
She has been to London twice. (她去過倫敦兩次 - 現在不在倫敦)
have/has gone to + 地點: 已經去了某地（現在人已到達或在去的途中，不在此地）。
- Where is Tom
-He has gone to the library.
(湯姆去圖書館了 - 現在不在這里，可能在圖書館或在去的路上)
have/has been in/at + 地點: 已經在某地待了多久（強調在某個地方停留的狀態，常與 for/since 連用）。
They have been in Shanghai for three weeks. (他們在上海待了三周了 - 現在還在上海)
四、 知識練習 (Practice Exercises)
練習 1: 詞匯運用 (選詞填空)
population, environment, development, convenient, especially, provide, succeeded, government, increased, communication
1. The rapid ___________ of technology has changed our lives a lot.
2. The ___________ in this area is working hard to control pollution.
3. Online shopping is very ___________ because you can buy things without leaving home.
4. The world's ___________ is growing very fast, which brings many challenges.
5. We need to protect the ___________ for future generations.
6. The internet has made ___________ much easier and faster.
7. The company has ___________ in developing a new kind of energy-saving car.
8. The school library ___________ students with many books and magazines.
9. The price of vegetables has ___________ a lot recently.
10. I love all fruits, ___________ apples and bananas.
練習 2: 現在完成時填空 (用括號內動詞的現在完成時形式填空)
1. -________ you ever ________ (visit) the Great Wall -Yes, I ________.
2. My brother ________ just ________ (buy) a new bike.
3. We ________ (not finish) our project yet.
4. How long ________ Mr. Smith ________ (teach) in this school (For/Since )
5. — Where is Lucy — She ________ (go) to the supermarket.
6. I ________ (know) Li Ming since we were in primary school.
7. They ________ (be) to Hainan twice. They love it there.
8. The train ________ (leave) already. We have to wait for the next one.
9. ________ you ________ (see) my glasses I can't find them anywhere.
10. He ________ (live) in Beijing for ten years. He moved there in 2014.
練習 3: 句型轉換
1. I arrived here two hours ago. (用現在完成時改寫，強調現在還在)
I ________ ________ here ________ two hours.
2. She borrowed the book last Friday. (用現在完成時改寫，強調她現在有這本書嗎？)
She ________ ________ the book ________ last Friday. (注意：borrow是非延續性動詞)
3. They started learning English five years ago. (用現在完成時改寫，強調持續學習到現在)
They ________ ________ English ________ five years.
4. Have you finished your homework (用 yet 改寫疑問句)
________ you finished your homework ________
5. The meeting began at 9 o'clock. It's still going on now. (合并為一句，用現在完成時)
The meeting ________ ________ ________ for ________ (since 9 o'clock).
練習 4: 翻譯句子 (中譯英)
我的家鄉最近幾年發生了巨大的變化。(take place)
____________________________________________________________________
你曾經坐過飛機嗎？(ever)
____________________________________________________________________
他已經把書還回圖書館了。(return)
____________________________________________________________________
史密斯先生在這所大學教書多久了？(how long)
____________________________________________________________________
她還沒吃早飯呢。(yet)
____________________________________________________________________
自從我上次見到你，已經過去三年了。(since)
____________________________________________________________________
互聯網使交流變得更加方便了。(make...convenient)
____________________________________________________________________
政府正在努力控制人口增長。(control, population growth)
____________________________________________________________________
練習 5: 寫作
以“Changes in My Hometown/Life”為題，寫一篇80詞左右的短文。運用本單元所學詞匯、句型和現在完成時態描述變化。
What changes have happened (e.g., buildings, roads, environment, lifestyle...)
How do you feel about these changes (positive/negative )
What changes do you hope to see in the future
Changes in My __________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
參考答案 (Answer Key)
練習 1: 詞匯運用
1. development 2. government 3. convenient 4. population 5. environment
6. communication 7. succeeded 8. provides 9. increased 10. especially
練習 2: 現在完成時填空
1. Have ... visited, have 2. has ... bought 3. haven't finished 4. has ... taught 5. has gone 6. have known 7. have been 8. has left 9. Have ... seen 10. has lived
練習 3: 句型轉換
1. have been, for
2. has had, since (borrow是非延續性動詞，表示“擁有”這個狀態持續用have)
3. have learned /learnt /have been learning, for
4. Have, yet
5. has been on, since (begin是非延續性動詞，表示會議“進行”的狀態用be on)
練習 4: 翻譯句子
1. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in recent years.
2. Have you ever taken a plane / Have you ever traveled by plane
3. He has already returned the book to the library.
4. How long has Mr. Smith taught in this university
5. She hasn't had breakfast yet.
6. It has been three years since I last saw you. / Three years have passed since I last saw you.
7. The Internet has made communication more convenient.
8. The government is trying hard to control population growth.
練習 5: 寫作
Changes in My Hometown
My hometown has changed greatly in recent years. In the past, the streets were narrow and crowded, and there were few green spaces. Air pollution was sometimes a problem.
Now, our hometown is more modern and beautiful. The roads are wider and cleaner. Many new parks and trees have been planted, making the air fresher. Tall buildings, modern shops, and large supermarkets have been built. Public transportation like buses is also more convenient.
People enjoy a better life with more activities, such as square dancing in the evenings. I love my hometown more now!

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