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Unit 5 Play by the rules?重要詞匯用法拆解學(xué)案(練習(xí)題+答案解析)【外研版2024英語八年級英語上冊】

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Unit 5 Play by the rules?重要詞匯用法拆解學(xué)案(練習(xí)題+答案解析)【外研版2024英語八年級英語上冊】

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/ 讓教學(xué)更有效 高效備考 | 英語學(xué)科
Unit 5 Play by the rules 重要詞匯用法解析
內(nèi)容提要:
一、詞匯用法講解
二、重點短語歸納
三、詞匯鞏固練習(xí)題
四、練習(xí)題答案解析
一、核心單詞講解
1. opposite / p z t/ prep. 在…… 的對面
常用搭配:opposite to 在…… 對面;
sit opposite sb. 坐在某人對面
例句:a girl opposite me started playing loud music(《Play by the rules 》第 2 段)
我對面的女孩開始大聲放音樂
拓展:opposite adj. 相反的 n. 對立面
packet / p k t/ n. (商品的) 小包,小袋
常用搭配:a packet of 一包……;
food packets 食品包裝袋
例句:the man took out several packets of food(第 3 段)那個男人拿出幾包食物
復(fù)數(shù):packets
picnic / p kn k/ n. 野餐
常用搭配:go for a picnic 去野餐;
have a picnic 舉行野餐
例句:It was like he was on a picnic.(第 3 段)好像他在野餐一樣
動詞:picnic v. 去野餐(現(xiàn)在分詞 picnicking)
smelly / smeli/ adj. 有臭味的
常用搭配:smelly food 有臭味的食物;
a smelly room 有異味的房間
例句:the food was so smelly(第 3 段)食物太臭了
詞形變化:smell n. 氣味 v. 聞
noise /n z/n. 噪聲;嘈雜聲
常用搭配:make noise 制造噪音;
reduce noise 減少噪音
例句:block the noise from Rock Girl(第 4 段)阻擋來自 “搖滾女孩” 的噪音
辨析:noise(刺耳噪音)vs sound(泛指聲音)
reduce /r dju s/ v. 縮小;減少;降低
常用搭配:reduce noise 降低噪音;
reduce pollution 減少污染
例句:cover my nose to reduce the smell(第 4 段)捂住鼻子以減少氣味
詞形變化:reduction n. 減少
seat /si t/ n. 座,座位
常用搭配:take a seat 就座;
window seat 靠窗座位
例句:a boy behind me started to kick my seat(第 5 段)
我后面的男孩開始踢我的座位
動詞:seat v. 使就座
passenger / p s nd (r)/ n. 乘客,旅客
常用搭配:train passenger 火車乘客;
passenger safety 乘客安全
例句:see the other passengers' faces(第 6 段)看到其他乘客的表情
復(fù)數(shù):passengers
fool /fu l/ n. 蠢人,傻子V.愚弄
常用搭配:make a fool of 愚弄;
fool sb. into doing 騙某人做
例句:Will they think me a fool (第 6 段)他們會認為我是傻瓜嗎?
形容詞:foolish adj. 愚蠢的
sign /sa n/ n. 標記;指示牌V.簽名
常用搭配:traffic sign 交通標志;
sign a contract 簽合同
例句:look at the signs on the wall(第 6 段)看墻上的指示牌
辨析:sign(標牌)vs signal(信號)
responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 責(zé)任
常用搭配:take responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任;
social responsibility 社會責(zé)任
例句:備選標題 a: Not my responsibility!(第 69 頁)不是我的責(zé)任!
詞形變化:responsible adj. 負責(zé)的
belt /belt/ n. 腰帶;安全帶
常用搭配:seat belt 安全帶;
a leather belt 皮帶
例句:People wear seat belts in cars. 人們在車里系安全帶
復(fù)合詞:seat belt 安全帶
station / ste n/ n. 車站,站點
常用搭配:train station 火車站;
bus station 汽車站
例句:Sally arrived at the train station.(語法練習(xí))薩莉到達火車站
詞源:源自拉丁語 “statio”(站立處)
flowerpot / fla p t/ n. 花盆
常用搭配:a broken flowerpot 破碎的花盆;
plant in a flowerpot 種在花盆里
例句:found my favourite flowerpot broken(第 71 頁)
發(fā)現(xiàn)我最喜歡的花盆碎了
合成詞:flower(花)+ pot(盆)
honesty / n sti/ n. 誠實,正直
常用搭配:show honesty 表現(xiàn)出誠實;
honesty is the best policy 誠實為上策
例句:His honesty made me respect him.(第 71 頁)他的誠實讓我尊重他
詞形變化:honest adj. 誠實的
respect /r spekt/ v. 尊重n. 敬意
常用搭配:respect sb. for sth. 因某事尊重某人;
show respect 表示尊重
例句:His honesty made me respect him.(第 71 頁)他的誠實讓我尊重他
形容詞:respectful adj. 恭敬的
spread /spred/ v. 傳播;展開
常用搭配:spread happiness 傳播快樂;
spread news 傳播消息
例句:sharing my story to spread some happiness(第 71 頁)
分享我的故事來傳播快樂
過去式 / 過去分詞:spread-spread
society /s sa ti/ n. 社會,社團
常用搭配:modern society 現(xiàn)代社會;
society rules 社會規(guī)則
例句:rules are good for society(第 74 頁)規(guī)則對社會有益
復(fù)數(shù):societies
clear /kl (r)/ adj. 清楚的,清晰的
常用搭配:clear rules 明確的規(guī)則;
make it clear 講清楚
例句:clear instructions 清晰的指示(聽力部分)
副詞:clearly adv. 清楚地
case /ke s/ n. 事例;案例
常用搭配:in this case 在這種情況下;
a special case 特殊案例
例句:Today's topic: Should rules be broken sometimes Case: Alex...
(第 73 頁)今日話題:規(guī)則有時該被打破嗎?案例:亞歷克斯……
短語:in case of 萬一
urgent / d nt/ adj. 緊急的,急迫的
常用搭配:urgent situation 緊急情況;
urgent need 迫切需求
例句:get urgent medical care(第 73 頁)獲得緊急醫(yī)療救助
副詞:urgently adv. 緊急地
guest /ɡest/ n. 嘉賓,賓客
常用搭配:programme guest 節(jié)目嘉賓;
invited guest 受邀嘉賓
復(fù)數(shù):guests
experienced / k sp ri nst/ adj. 經(jīng)驗豐富的,熟練的
常用搭配:experienced lawyer 資深律師;
experienced teacher 有經(jīng)驗的老師
例句:an experienced lawyer(第 73 頁)一位經(jīng)驗豐富的律師
反義詞:inexperienced adj. 無經(jīng)驗的
lawyer / l j (r)/ n. 律師
常用搭配:hire a lawyer 雇傭律師;
lawyer advice 律師建議
詞源:law(法律)+ -yer(表示人)
netizen / net z n/ n. 網(wǎng)民
常用搭配:young netizens 年輕網(wǎng)民;
netizen behaviour 網(wǎng)民行為
例句:There are so many netizens!(第 76 頁)有這么多網(wǎng)民!
合成詞:net(網(wǎng)絡(luò))+ citizen(公民)
citizen / s t z n/ n. 市民;公民
常用搭配:city citizen 城市居民;citizen rights 公民權(quán)利
詞形變化:citizenship n. 公民身份
click /kl k/ n. 點擊(鼠標),咔嗒聲v.點擊
常用搭配:mouse click 鼠標點擊;click on 點擊
例句:get in touch with anyone with one click(第 76 頁)一鍵即可聯(lián)系任何人
擬聲詞:模擬點擊聲
private / pra v t/ adj. 個人的,秘密的
常用搭配:private information 私人信息;
private life 私人生活
例句:Don't post private information online.(第 76 頁)
不要在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布私人信息
反義詞:public adj. 公開的
password / pɑ sw d/ n. 密碼,口令
常用搭配:set a password 設(shè)置密碼;
change password 更改密碼
例句:Be password smart!(第 76 頁)密碼要設(shè)置聰明!
合成詞:pass(通過)+ word(詞)
careless / ke l s/ adj. 不小心的,粗心的
常用搭配:careless mistake 粗心的錯誤;
be careless with 對…… 粗心
例句:Don't be careless with passwords.(第 76 頁)不要在密碼上粗心
反義詞:careful adj. 細心的
aware / we (r)/ adj. 意識到的,知道的
常用搭配:be aware of 意識到;
make sb. aware 使某人意識到
例句:Be aware of strangers.(第 76 頁)警惕陌生人
副詞:awareness n. 意識
stranger / stre nd (r)/ n. 陌生人
常用搭配:online stranger 網(wǎng)絡(luò)陌生人;
stranger danger 陌生人危險
例句:Be aware of strangers. They may cheat you.(第 76 頁)
警惕陌生人,他們可能欺騙你
形容詞:strange adj. 陌生的
cheat /t i t/ v. 欺詐,欺騙
常用搭配:cheat sb. 欺騙某人;
cheat in exam 考試作弊
例句:Strangers may cheat you.(第 76 頁)陌生人可能欺騙你
名詞:cheat n. 騙子
enemy / en mi/ n. 敵人
常用搭配:make enemies 樹敵;
enemy forces 敵軍
例句:you can make enemies.(第 76 頁)你可能會樹敵
復(fù)數(shù):enemies
cyberbullying / sa b b li / n. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌
常用搭配:stop cyberbullying 阻止網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌;
cyberbullying victim 網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌受害者
例句:This is cyberbullying.(第 76 頁)這是網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌
合成詞:cyber(網(wǎng)絡(luò))+ bullying(欺凌)
二、重點短語歸納
短語 釋義 例句 課文出處
in order to 為了 went to a quiet area in order to read Understanding ideas
so as to 為了 covered my nose so as to reduce the smell(第 4 段)捂住鼻子為了減少氣味 Understanding ideas
cost an arm and a leg 花費一大筆錢 That ride cost me an arm and a leg.(第 2 段)那次騎行花了我一大筆錢 Understanding ideas
pay with 用…… 支付 wanted to pay with my smartphone(第 3 段)想用智能手機支付 Understanding ideas
look after 照顧 signs say "Please look after your children"(第 6 段)標牌寫著 “請照顧好您的孩子” Understanding ideas
stand up to 勇敢面對 Standing up to bad behaviour(備選標題 b)勇敢面對不良行為 Understanding ideas
in hot water 處于困境 find yourself in hot water(第 76 頁)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于困境 Reading for writing
turn to...for help 向…… 求助 turn to parents for help(第 76 頁)向父母求助 Reading for writing
常見結(jié)構(gòu)
in order to do:I went to a quiet area in order to read.(第 1 段)
so as to do:I covered my nose so as to reduce the smell.(第 4 段)
to do(句首 / 句中):I got on the train to go home.(第 1 段)
三、詞匯練習(xí)題
詞匯選擇題
The man took out several ______ of chips and started eating loudly.
A. packets B. picnics C. seats D. signs
2. The ______ food in the train made everyone feel uncomfortable.
A. clear B. smelly C. private D. urgent
3. I sat ______ the girl who was playing loud music on the train.
A. opposite B. besides C. except D. among
4. The sign on the wall says "Please ______ your children carefully".
A. look after B. look for C. look up D. look into
5. She felt like a ______ when she forgot her friend's birthday again.
A. passenger B. fool C. lawyer D. guest
6. We should take ______ for our actions, not make excuses.
A. honesty B. responsibility C. society D. noise
7. Don't post your ______ information online, like your address or phone number.
A. public B. clear C. private D. digital
8. The ______ asked the driver to drive faster because his patient was in danger.
A. netizen B. passenger C. stranger D. enemy
9. "Be ______ with your passwords," the teacher said. "Don't let others know them."
A. careless B. aware C. experienced D. urgent
10. Cyberbullying is a serious problem that we should ______ together.
A. cheat B. reduce C. spread D. throw
2) 詞匯填空題
1. The boy felt sorry for breaking the ______ (flowerpot) in the garden.
2. Her ______ (honest) made everyone trust her.
3. We need to ______ (clear) the rules before the game starts.
4. The ______ (experience) lawyer gave useful advice to the client.
5. Don't ______ (cheat) in the exam, or you'll be punished.
6. The ______ (noise) from the street kept me awake all night.
7. She turned to her teacher for help when she was in ______ (hot) water.
8. The ______ (city) should follow the traffic rules.
9. Please set a strong ______ (password) for your online account.
10. The ______ (develop) of technology has changed our life greatly.
3) 句子翻譯題(6 題)
1. 為了減少噪音,他關(guān)上了所有窗戶。(in order to)
2. 那個男人坐在我對面,開始大聲地吃零食。(opposite)
3. 我們應(yīng)該勇敢面對不良行為,而不是保持沉默。(stand up to)
4. 不要在網(wǎng)上發(fā)布私人信息,這很危險。(private information)
5. 當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于困境時,向父母求助是明智的。(in hot water; turn to...for help)
6. 這個標志提醒我們要照顧好自己的物品。(look after)
四、答案與解析
詞匯選擇題
A. packets
解析:a packet of chips 表示 “一包薯片”,符合 “拿出幾包零食” 的語境。
B. smelly
解析:smelly food “有臭味的食物”,與 “讓所有人感到不適” 匹配,其他選項 clear(清楚的)、private(私人的)、urgent(緊急的)不符。
A. opposite
解析:sit opposite sb.“坐在某人對面”,根據(jù)課文中 “對面的女孩放音樂”,選 A。
A. look after
解析:look after “照顧”,符合標牌上 “請仔細照顧孩子” 的提示。
B. fool
解析:feel like a fool “覺得自己像個傻瓜”,因忘記生日而自責(zé),選 B。
B. responsibility
解析:take responsibility for“為…… 承擔(dān)責(zé)任”,固定搭配。
C. private
解析:private information “私人信息”,與 address/phone number 對應(yīng),選 C。
B. passenger
解析:passenger “乘客”,根據(jù) “讓司機開快,病人危險”,選 B。
B. aware
解析:be aware with“對…… 警惕”,指警惕密碼安全,選 B。
B. reduce
解析:reduce cyberbullying “減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌”,其他選項 cheat(欺騙)、spread(傳播)、throw(扔)不符。
詞匯填空題
flowerpot(名詞,花盆)
honesty(名詞,誠實,作主語)
clear(動詞,明確,need to do)
experienced(形容詞,有經(jīng)驗的,修飾 lawyer)
cheat(動詞,作弊,don't 后接原形)
noise(名詞,噪音,作主語)
hot(in hot water 固定短語,處于困境)
citizen(名詞,市民,單數(shù)即可)
password(名詞,密碼)
development(名詞,發(fā)展,作主語)
句子翻譯題
In order to reduce the noise, he closed all the windows.
(解析:in order to do 放句首表目的,reduce noise “降低噪音”。)
The man sat opposite me and started eating snacks loudly.
(解析:sit opposite “坐在對面”,start doing “開始做”。)
We should stand up to bad behaviour instead of keeping silent.
(解析:stand up to “勇敢面對”,instead of “而不是”。)
Don't post private information online. It's very dangerous.
(解析:post private information “發(fā)布私人信息”,注意否定祈使句。)
When you find yourself in hot water, it's wise to turn to your parents for help.
(解析:in hot water “處于困境”,turn to...for help“向…… 求助”。)
This sign reminds us to look after our belongings.
(解析:remind sb. to do “提醒某人做”,look after“照顧,保管”。)

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