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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
初中英語語法：動詞不定式
動詞不定式是一種非謂語的動詞形式（動詞不定式沒有人稱和數的變化，在句中不能獨立作謂語。），子句子中，動詞不定式有兩種形式：一是帶to的動詞不定式，即由to+動詞原形構成，二是省略to的動詞不定式。其否定形式是not to＋do。下面以動詞不定式在句中的作用。
1.I want to play bsketball after school.放學后，我想去打籃球。（帶to 的動詞不定式）
2.Our teacher’s joke made us laugh.我們老師的笑話讓我們大笑。（省略to 的動詞不定式）
3.We decied not to go swimming in the river.我們決定不去河里游泳。（動詞不定式的否定形式）
1．作主語
可以直接作主語。如： To see is to believe．
但在英語中，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語即動詞不定式放在后面。如：
It's wrong to play tricks on other people．
It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy．
點擊規律：動詞不定式在句中作主語時，常放在It is ＋adj．（形容詞）＋to do sth．或 It is ＋n．（名詞）＋to do sth．句型中，it僅作形式主語。
2．作賓語
a．want，decide ，agree等動詞后面跟并且只能跟不定式。如：
We agreed to start early．
She wants to be a doctor．
b．love，like ，begin，start，hate ，prefer等詞后面可以接不定式。
點擊規律：上述動詞后面除接不定式外，還可以接動名詞，意思無很大區別。
提示板：like doing指經常性動作，而like to do指一次性的動作。如：
I like swimming，but I don't like to swim now．我喜歡游泳，但我現在不想游。
c．stop，forget，remember，go on ，try等詞或短語后面可以接不定式。
點擊規律：上述動詞后面接不定式和接動名詞意思大不相同。
提示板：
stop to do sth．：停止一件事，去做另一件事。
stop doing sth．：停止正在做的事。
例句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk． 當老師走進來時，學生們停止說話；當老師走出去時，學生們又開始說話。
d．在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋to do sth．句型中，it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的動詞不定式。如：
The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep．
I feel it easy to recite the text．
點擊規律：某些動詞或短語后面既可以接動詞不定式作賓語，又可接動名詞作賓語，二者用法上的區別可以通過造句子加以區分，如上面stop例句。
3．作賓語補足語
a．tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等詞后面常接不定式作賓補。如：
I tell him not to go there by bus ．
Edison's mother taught him to read and write．
b．let，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch， notice后面接不帶to的不定式作賓補。如：
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day． I heard her sing in the next room．
提示板：若變成被動語態，在上述結構中，不定式符號to要加上。如：
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss．
She was heard to sing in the next room．
4．作定語：放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面
例句：I have a lot of work to do．
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy．
點擊規律：動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞、代詞之后。
提示板：如果動詞不定式和前面所修飾的詞構成動賓關系，若動詞是不及物動詞，切記不要忘掉介詞。如：
I have a small bedroom to live in．
Have you got some pens to write with？
5．表語：放在連系動詞be后面
例句：His wish is to become a scientist．
The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives．
當務之急是搶救戰士們的生命。
點擊規律：動詞不定式在句中作表語時，通常對連系動詞前面的名詞進行詮釋說明。
6．作狀語
a．目的狀語：放在go，come，use，live，in order等詞后面。如：
I come to see you．
He runs fast in order to get there in time．
b．原因狀語：放在sorry，glad，surprised， disappointed，excited等詞后面。如：
I am glad to see you here．
I am sorry to trouble you．
c．作結果狀語。如：
Some of the apples are hard to reach．
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．
7．與what，who，whose，when，where， how等疑問詞連用，作賓語、賓語補足語、主語等。如： I don't know what to do next．（賓語）
He taught us how to use the computer．（賓語補足語）
It's still a question how to get there．（主語）
語法練習題
一. 根據上句意思完成下句，使兩句意思相近或相同，每空一詞。
1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything.
He was too angry _______ ______ anything.
2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting.
I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting.
3. He said he would write a letter.
He said he would have a letter ______ _______.
4. That you read English in the morning is very important.
It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning.
5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石頭）
He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone.
6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.
His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday.
7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.
They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time.
8. His brother decided that he would buy the book.
His brother decided _____ _______ the book.
9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.
He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall.
10.I saw him go into the room.
He was seen _____ ______ into the room.
11.We made him work five hours a day.
He was made _____ ______ five hours a day.
12.Do you want to say anything for yourself
Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself
13.We don’t know what we shall do next.
We don’t know what ____ _______ next.
14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news.
I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news.
15.He stopped and had a look at me.
He stopped _____ ______ a look at me.
16.I helped him with his English.
I helped him _____ ______ English.
17.My father promised （許諾）that he would buy me a bike.
My father promised ____ ______ me a bike.
18.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______.
19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog.
The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down.
20.“Don’t make any noise, ”she said to me.
She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise.
二. 單選：
1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world.
A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult.
A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make
3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
4. I don’t know whether you happen_______ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September.
A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left.
A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told
6. You were silly not _______your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked
7. The teacher asked us ______so much noise.
A .don’t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make
8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____clear warnings before firing any shots.
A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
9. I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_______ a room with someone else.
A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing
10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed
11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed ________in a fire.
A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed
C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed
12. The meeting _______ next week is sure to be a great success.
A. to take place B. to be taken place
C. to have taken place D. being taken place
13. As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A. and finished　　B. to finish　　　　C. and finishing　　D. to finished
14. I am sorry ______ written you a letter at the time.
A. to have not　　　　B. to not have　　　　C. not to have　　　　D. not having
15. Will you lend him a magazine _________
A. to be read　　B. for reading　　C. to read　　　　D. he read
16. He could do nothing but _______for the bus _________.
A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came
17 .It is a problem that doesn't need ________ right now.
A. to solve　　B. solving　　　　C. being solved　　D. to be solving
18. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _______ trouble.
A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made
19. I remember _______him _______the bike needed __________.
A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repair
C. hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired
20. --- You should have thanked her before you left.
--- I meant _________, but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
21. Robert is said to __________ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying D. to have been studying
22. I’m gong to Xi’an next week. Have you anything __________ to your parents
A. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy
23. when are they __________ in their plan
A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give
24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _____________.
A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive
25. When we hurried to the station, there happened ________ no bus at that time.
A. to have B. to be C. having D. being
26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _________ matters worse, it began to rain.
A. made B. having made C. making D. to make
27. At ________ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _________ a good rest.
A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking
28. --Are you a student --No, but I used _________.
A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a
29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _________ himself _________ in the living room.
A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shutting
C. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut
30. With a lot of difficult problems _________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
31. We’re leaving at six o’clock, and hope _________ most of the journey by lunch time.
A. to do B. to have done C. to make D. to have made
32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _________.
A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand
33. Who will you get __________ the project for us
A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing
34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know __________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
35. We are not allowed __________ outdoors with some other children.
A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing
36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _________ to carry all the way home.
A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a role __________in making the earth a better place to live in.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _________.
A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to
39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _________ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
40. There are five pairs ___________, but I’m at a loss which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing
41. The problem is _________ difficult for us __________.
A. so; work out B. very too; to be worked out
C. rather too, to work out D. quite too, to work it out
動詞不定式練習參考答案
一 .
1. to say 2. to have 3. to write 4. for, to, read
5. enough, to lift 6. to spend 7. in, order, to, get
8. to buy 9. to visit 10. to go 11. to work 12. to say
13. to do 14. to hear 15. to have 16. to learn（study）
17. to buy 18. for, to carry 19. to lie 20. not, to make
二.
1---10 BCDDB BDACB 11---20 DABCC ABBCB 21---30 ABCBB DAACC
31-40 BCBCC ABCDB 41C
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