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身心健康：配方奶的作用及挑戰
同源題源 2024全國甲卷C篇 說明文|難度：中|約350詞|建議用時：7分鐘
Extremely premature babies, often as light as a pound and a half, and as small as an adult hand, are among the weakest patients in any hospital. Thanks to advances in modern medicine, however, these babies are more likely than ever to survive. Even those born three months premature have a good chance of survival and most are able to live normal and healthy lives.
New to the world and desperate for nutrition, very premature babies, shortly after birth, are often rushed to an intensive care unit where doctors and committed nurses embark on an around-the- clock effort to save the child's life. The good news is that new equipment and treatments are improving the rates of survival among premature babies and giving hope for those born even as early as 22 weeks. Science, always evolving, is delivering more hope for babies bom earlier in pregnancy.
While a mother's breast milk is preferable when feeding a newborn, for some reasons delivering the milk to the child may not be possible. So, often, core to the treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk. Such formula milk is a critical part of the standard of care. Nutrient-dense formula milk is a lifeline for many premature babies, and it is critical that doctors continue to have the option available for their premature patients struggling for nutrients.
However, a recent lawsuit ( 訴訟) targets the few companies that make specialized formulas. While the FDA considers the formulas safe, and NICU doctors consider them essential for the health and vitality of at-risk babies, the lawsuit threatens the workability of the entire sector, and could deprive(剝奪) premature babies of a life-saving product. The infant-formula industry is already in an unstable position as several manufacturers have left the market.
Given the urgent need to ensure appropriate nutrition for premature babies in NICUs across the country, it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturning the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live.
1. What improves the survival rates of premature babies
A. The emphasis on nutrition. B. The application of genetic medicine.
C. The availability of highly trained surgeons. D. The introduction of advanced care strategies.
2. What role does formula milk play in the care of premature babies
A. It provides essential nutrients. B. It serves as an alternative to breast milk.
C. It is used only when breast milk is unavailable. D. It is the specialized feeding option in the NICU.
3. What might happen if companies exit the formula business
A. Destroying medical advancements. B. Reducing the number of relevant lawsuits.
C. Lowering the demand for infant formulas. D. Increasing the survival chances of premature babies.
4. What does the article mainly talk about
A. Changes in the infant-formula industry.
B. The critical role and challenges of infant-formula milk.
C. Medical advancements for the survival of premature babies.
D. Comparison between breast milk and formula milk for newborns.
參考答案與深度解析
【文前導讀】早產兒是醫院中最易受傷的患者之一，但得益于現代醫療技術的進步，他們的存活率比以往任何時候都要高。盡管如此，早產兒的營養需求仍然是一個關鍵問題。特殊營養配方奶在早產兒護理中發揮著至關重要的作用，而針對這些產品的訴訟可能會對早產兒的生存和健康產生嚴重影響。
1.細節理解題。根據文章第一段中的“Thanks to advances in modern medicine, however, these babies are more likely than ever to survive”和第二段中的“new equipment and treatments are improving the rates of survival among premature babies”可知,現代醫學的進步,包括新的護理設備和策略，提高了早產兒的生存率。因此，D項“引入先進的護理策略”是正確的。答案：D
2.細節理解題。根據文章第三段中的“While a mother's breast milk is preferable ... may not be possible. So, often, core to the treatment... is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk”可知，雖然母乳會更好，但是無法提供母乳時，配方奶是重要的替代選擇。答案：B
3.推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中的“it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturning the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live”可知，如果公司被迫退出配方奶業務，這將推翻讓早產兒生存的醫學進步。答案：A
【解題線索】A 項中的“Destroying”是“overturning”的同義表達。
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串聯 telescope望遠鏡 planet 行星 observatory 天文臺,氣象臺 spaceship 宇宙飛船
4.主旨大意題。文章結構如下：
Part 1 (Para.1) 極早產嬰兒非常脆弱，但現代醫學的進步顯著提高了他們的生存機會。
Part 2(Paras.2-3) 早產嬰兒急需營養，通常在出生后不久被送入重癥監護病房。雖然母乳是最好的選擇，但當母乳無法供應時，配方奶成為關鍵的營養來源。
Part 3 (Paras.4-5) 最近的訴訟針對生產專門配方奶的公司，如果這些公司被迫退出配方奶業務，將會顛覆早產嬰兒生存的醫學進步。
由上述分析可知，這篇文章的主旨是討論專門的營養豐富的配方奶對早產嬰兒生存的重要性，以及最近的訴訟給這些配方奶公司帶來的威脅。故B 項“嬰兒配方奶的重要作用及挑戰”符合題意。答案：B
反復精讀·積累速記
二次精讀·詞匯速記
核心詞
committed adj. 盡心盡力的,堅定的 core adj. 最重要的
option n. 選擇 specialized adj. 專門的
survive v. 生存 lifeline n. 生命線
rate n. 比率 manufacturer n. 生產者,制造商
given prep. 考慮到 appropriate adj. 合適的,適當的
consequence n. 結果,后果 emphasis n. 強調,重要性
relevant adj. 相關的 around-the-clock adj. 日夜不停的
障礙詞
premature adj. 早產的 [pre-在······前+ mature 成熟的]
newbor n adj.(嬰兒)新生的,初生的 [new新的+ born 出生]
workability n. 可行性;可使用性 [work 奏效+ ability能力]
overturn v. 推翻 [over 翻轉 + turn轉動]
preferable adj. 較合適 [prefer 更喜歡+-able可……的,能……的]
vitality n. 生命力,活力 [vital 生氣勃勃的+-ity……性質,……狀態]
unstable adj. 不穩定的 [un-不+ stable 穩定的]
熟詞生義
formula 熟義:n. 公式,方程式 文中義:n. 配方;配方奶
chance 熟義:n. 機會 文中義:n. 可能性
desperate 熟義: adj. 絕望的 文中義: adj. 極需要的,渴望的
deliver熟義:v. 遞送;發表 文中義:v. 提供,產生
alternative 熟義: adj. 可供替代的 文中義:n. 可供選擇的事物
rush 熟義:v. 迅速移動 文中義:v. 快速運輸
target 熟義:n. 目標;靶 文中義:v. 把······作為攻擊目標,把······作為批評對象
核心短語
intensive care unit 加護病房 embark on 著手,開始做某事
be forced out of 被迫離開
三次精讀·長難句分析
長難句①So, often, core to the treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) is the option of specialized, nutrient-dense formula milk. (Para.3)
剖析 這是一個表語提前的倒裝句。正常語序的句子主干為 the option of... milk is core to the treatment,介詞短語“in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)”在句中作定語修飾 treatment。
翻譯 因此，在新生兒重癥監護室(NICU)的治療中，選擇特殊配方的、營養豐富的配方奶經常是最重要的。
長難句② Given the urgent need to ensure appropriate nutrition for premature babies in NICUs across the country, it would be a terrible consequence if companies were forced out of the formula business, overturn ing the medical advances that allow significantly premature babies to live.(Para.5)
剖析 這是一個主從復合句,句中介詞短語“Given the urgent need …… country”作原因狀語,主句為“it would be a terrible consequence”, “if companies ... business”為條件狀語從句,“overturning the medical advances... live”作結果狀語,其中包含了一個 that 引導的定語從句修飾 advances。
翻譯 考慮到全國新生兒重癥監護室迫切需要確保為早產兒提供適當的營養，如果公司被迫退出特殊配方奶粉市場，這將是一個災難性的后果，因為這會顛覆那些使極度早產兒能夠存活的醫療進步。
參考譯文
身心健康：配方奶的作用及挑戰
極度早產的嬰兒通常體重只有一磅半左右輕，大小只有成人手掌那么大，是醫院里最虛弱的病人之一。然而，由于現代醫學的進步，這些嬰兒比以往更有可能存活下來。即使是提前三個月出生的嬰兒也有很好的生存機會，大多數都能過上正常健康的生活。
這些新生兒剛剛來到這個世界，極度渴望營養，出生后不久通常會被迅速送往重癥監護室，在那里，醫生和盡職的護士會夜以繼日地努力拯救孩子的生命。好消息是，新的設備和治療方法正在提高早產嬰兒的生存率，并為出生時間更早的嬰兒帶來希望。科學一直在進步，為懷孕早期出生的嬰兒帶來了更多的希望。
雖然母乳是喂養新生兒的首選，但由于某些原因，將母乳送到孩子那里可能并不可行。因此，在新生兒重癥監護室（NICU）的治療方案中，使用專業、營養豐富的配方奶往往是重要的。這種配方奶是標準護理方案的重要組成部分。營養豐富的配方奶是許多早產兒的生命線，醫生繼續為營養不良的早產兒提供這種選擇至關重要。
然而，最近的一起訴訟針對的是生產特殊配方奶的少數幾家公司。盡管FDA認為這些配方是安全的，NICU的醫生認為它們對于高危嬰兒的健康和活力至關重要，但該訴訟威脅到了整個行業的運作，并可能剝奪早產兒的救命產品。由于幾家制造商已經退出市場，嬰兒配方行業本身已經處于不穩定的狀態。
鑒于全國各地NICU中早產兒迫切需要保證適當的營養，如果迫使公司退出配方奶行業，推翻允許極早產嬰兒存活的醫學進步，那將是一個可怕的后果。

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