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Unit 8 Knowing the world知識點總結【完整版】2024新冀教版七年級英語上

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Unit 8 Knowing the world知識點總結【完整版】2024新冀教版七年級英語上

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2024新冀教版七年級英語上
Unit 8 Knowing the world
知識點總結
單詞+短語+句子+語法
(2022新課標)
一、重點單詞
1. 地理與自然
1. world /w ld/ n. 世界
We live in a beautiful world.
2. country / k ntri/ n. 國家
3. continent / k nt n nt/ n. 大陸
4. ocean / n/ n. 海洋
5. mountain / ma nt n/ n. 山脈
6. river / r v (r)/ n. 河流
7. desert / dez t/ n. 沙漠
8. forest / f r st/ n. 森林
9. island / a l nd/ n. 島嶼
10. lake /le k/ n. 湖泊
2. 國家與城市
11. China / t a n / n. 中國
12. America / mer k / n. 美國
13. Japan /d p n/ n. 日本
14. France /frɑ ns/ n. 法國
15. capital / k p tl/ n. 首都
Beijing is the capital of China.
16. city / s ti/ n. 城市
17. population / p pju le n/ n. 人口
18. language / l ɡw d / n. 語言
3. 文化與標志
19. flag /fl ɡ/ n. 旗幟
20. national / n n l/ adj. 國家的
the national flag
21. traditional /tr d nl/ adj. 傳統的
22. culture / k lt (r)/ n. 文化
23. food /fu d/ n. 食物
24. festival / fest vl/ n. 節日
25. famous / fe m s/ adj. 著名的
a famous building
4. 方向與位置
26. north /n θ/ n. 北方
27. south /sa θ/ n. 南方
28. east /i st/ n. 東方
29. west /west/ n. 西方
30. map /m p/ n. 地圖
31. direction /d rek n/ n. 方向
32. location /l ke n/ n. 位置
5. 氣候與天氣
33. weather / we (r)/ n. 天氣
34. sunny / s ni/ adj. 晴朗的
35. rainy / re ni/ adj. 多雨的
36. snowy / sn i/ adj. 多雪的
37. windy / w ndi/ adj. 多風的
38. cloudy / kla di/ adj. 多云的
39. hot /h t/ adj. 熱的
40. cold /k ld/ adj. 冷的
6. 旅行與交通
41. travel / tr vl/ v. 旅行
I want to travel around the world.
42. trip /tr p/ n. 旅行
43. visit / v z t/ v. 參觀
44. tourist / t r st/ n. 游客
45. passport / pɑ sp t/ n. 護照
46. airport / e p t/ n. 機場
47. hotel /h tel/ n. 酒店
48. ticket / t k t/ n. 票
7. 學習與探索
49. know /n / v. 知道
50. learn /l n/ v. 學習
51. study / st di/ v. 研究
52. explore / k spl (r)/ v. 探索
53. discover /d sk v (r)/ v. 發現
54. interesting / ntr st / adj. 有趣的
55. important / m p tnt/ adj. 重要的
8. 其他核心詞匯
56. different / d fr nt/ adj. 不同的
57. same /se m/ adj. 相同的
58. people / pi pl/ n. 人們
59. place /ple s/ n. 地方
60. thing /θ / n. 事物
61. time /ta m/ n. 時間
62. year /j (r)/ n. 年
63. life /la f/ n. 生活
二、主要短語
1. 地理與方位
1. all over the world 全世界
People celebrate New Year all over the world.
2. in the north/south 在北方/南方
3. on the map 在地圖上
4. next to... 緊挨著...
5. far from... 離...遠
2. 國家文化
6. come from... 來自...
Koalas come from Australia.
7. be famous for... 因...聞名
France is famous for the Eiffel Tower.
8. national flag 國旗
9. traditional food 傳統食物
10. different cultures 不同的文化
3. 旅行與交通
11. travel around 周游
12. go on a trip 去旅行
13. visit museums 參觀博物館
14. by plane/train 乘飛機/火車
15. take photos 拍照
4. 天氣氣候
16. weather forecast 天氣預報
17. sunny day 晴天
18. heavy rain 大雨
19. in summer/winter 在夏天/冬天
20. change a lot 變化很大
5. 探索認知
21. get to know 開始了解
22. learn about... 學習關于...
23. find out 查明
24. be interested in... 對...感興趣
25. ask for help 尋求幫助
6. 比較表達
26. the same as... 和...相同
27. different from... 不同于...
28. as...as... 和...一樣
This river is as long as that one.
29. more than... 超過...
30. less than... 少于...
7. 實用表達
31. of course 當然
32. for example 例如
33. in fact 事實上
34. have fun 玩得開心
35. take care 保重
8. 其他重要短語
36. a lot of... 許多...
37. some day 某一天
38. at first 起初
39. each other 互相
40. welcome to... 歡迎來到...
三、重點句子
1. 國家與地理描述
1. China is in Asia.
(國家+be動詞+方位介詞+大洲)
2. The Amazon River is the longest in the world.
(最高級:the + 形容詞最高級 + 范圍)
3. Mount Qomolangma is between China and Nepal.
(between...and...表位置關系)
2. 文化特征表達
4. Japan is famous for cherry blossoms.
(be famous for + 特色事物)
5. People in France speak French.
("in+國家"作后置定語)
6. The Great Wall is a symbol of China.
(a symbol of + 國家/文化)
3. 天氣與氣候
7. What's the weather like in Australia now
- It's sunny and warm.
(詢問天氣固定句型)
8. It often rains in London in spring.
("it"指代天氣,頻度副詞位置)
9. The Sahara Desert is very dry.
(形容詞描述氣候特征)
4. 旅行與探索
10. I want to travel around the world.
(want to + 動詞原形表意愿)
11. Did you visit the British Museum last year
- Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
(一般過去時疑問句)
12. Let's go to Egypt to see the pyramids!
(Let's + 動詞原形表建議)
5. 位置與方向
13. Canada is north of the United States.
(方位表達:A is + 方向 + of B)
14. Where is the Eiffel Tower located
- It's in Paris, France.
(be located in 表位置)
15. How can I get to the nearest hotel
- Go straight and turn left.
(問路與指路句型)
6. 比較與差異
16. Russia is larger than Canada.
(比較級:A + be + 比較級 + than B)
17. Chinese food is different from American food.
(different from 表差異)
18. This city is as modern as New York.
(同級比較:as...as...)
7. 認知與發現
19. Do you know about Brazilian carnival
(know about 表了解)
20. I learned that pandas only live in China.
(learned + that從句表認知)
21. We discovered many interesting things.
(discover + 賓語表發現)
8. 能力與許可
22. Can you speak Japanese
- Yes, a little./No, I can't.
(can表能力)
23. May I take photos here
- Sure./Sorry, it's not allowed.
(may表正式請求)
9. 存在與數量
24. There are many volcanoes in Japan.
(There be + 地點表存在)
25. How many countries are there in Africa
- There are 54 countries.
(How many + 可數名詞復數)
10. 時間與經歷
26. When did you visit Italy
- Last summer holiday.
(when + 一般過去時)
27. I have never seen snow before.
(現在完成時表經歷)
11. 重要功能句型
28. What language do people speak in Mexico
- They speak Spanish.
(What language 詢問語言)
29. Why is the Dead Sea so salty
- Because it has high mineral content.
(Why詢問原因,Because回答)
30. Whose passport is this
- It's my brother's.
(Whose詢問所屬)
12. 綜合運用
31. If you go to India, you should try curry.
(if條件句+情態動詞建議)
32. Although Australia is big, its population is small.
(although讓步狀語從句)
33. The more you travel, the more you learn.
(the more..., the more...比較結構)
13. 文化互動
34. Welcome to our country!
(歡迎用語)
35. Could you tell me about your hometown
(委婉請求信息)
36. How do you celebrate this festival
(詢問文化習俗)
14. 實用表達
37. Have a good trip!
(旅行祝福)
38. What an amazing place!
(感嘆句:What + 名詞短語)
39. It's time to explore the world!
(It's time to + 動詞原形)
四、語法點
本單元語法主要學習it的用法。有拓展。
一)it的基礎用法
1. 指代功能的三層境界
- 初級:指代單個名詞
The phone is ringing. It's your mother.
(it=the phone)
- 中級:指代短語或概念
To forgive is difficult, but it's necessary.
(it=to forgive)
- 高級:指代整個句子
He always helps others, and it makes me admire him.
(it=前面整個分句)
2. 指代動物的特殊規則
| 動物類型 | 代詞選擇 | 示例 |
|-|-||
| 寵物/有名字動物 | he/she | My dog Max - he is 3 years old |
| 野生動物/未知性別 | it | A bird built its nest here |
| 擬人化動物 | he/she | The fox in the story - he was very clever |
3. 自然現象指代系統
- 天氣:
It's raining/snowing/hailing/freezing
- 時間:
It's 9:15 / It's Monday / It's Christmas Day
- 環境:
It's dark/noisy/quiet in the room
二)it引導的形式主語
1. 三大類形式主語結構
2. 不定式作真正主語時的黃金搭配
- 重要性類:
It is important/necessary/essential to...
- 難度類:
It is easy/hard/difficult to...
- 情感類:
It is nice/interesting/fun to...
- 時間類:
It takes (sb.)...to...
3. 動名詞作真正主語的限制條件
- 僅適用于特定形容詞:
It's no use/good/fun/harm doing...
It's worth/worthwhile doing...
- 對比示例:
√ It's no use crying.
× It's important learning.(錯誤,應改用to learn)
4. 主語從句的四大金剛句型
- 普通陳述:
It is true that he passed the exam.
- 情感表達:
It is surprising that she didn't know.
- 傳聞報道:
It is said that the museum will close.
- 主觀判斷:
It seems/appears that they are late.
三)形式賓語it的完全攻略
1. 認知動詞+it+賓補+真賓語
- 常見動詞矩陣:
find, think, consider, feel, make
- 結構示范:
I find it hard to understand this poem.
She thinks it strange that he left early.
2. 使役動詞的特殊結構
- 經典搭配:
make it possible/impossible to...
- 實例:
The app makes it easy to learn vocabulary.
3. 介詞后的形式賓語
- 固定短語:
see to it that...(確保)
depend on it that...(指望)
- 例句:
I'll see to it that the work is done.
四)強調句中it的用法
1. it用來強調不同句子成分
- 原句: I met Tom in the park yesterday.
- 強調主語: It was I that/who met Tom...
- 強調賓語: It was Tom that I met...
- 強調地點: It was in the park that I met...
- 強調時間: It was yesterday that I met...
2. 強調句的三大鐵律
- it強調句后面只能用that引導從句(指人時可用who)
- 時態必須一致(is/was)
- 不能強調謂語動詞
3. 強調句VS主語從句的區分
特征 強調句 主語從句
去掉It is...that 剩余部分可獨立成句 不能獨立
that作用 無實義 引導從句
示例 It is the book that I want. It is clear that he lied.
五)it的其它用法
1. 固定短語
It seems/appears that... 似乎...
It happens that... 碰巧...
It is said/reported that... 據說/據報道...
It doesn't matter... ...沒關系
2 - 時間類:
take it easy(別緊張)
take it slow(慢慢來)
- 成功表達類:
make it(成功)
nail it(完美完成)
- 日常交際類:
That's it!(就是這樣!)
Forget it!(算了吧!)
2. 修辭性it的妙用
- 模糊指代:
How's it going (最近如何?)
- 習慣表達:
It's your turn.(輪到你了)
- 情感強化:
It's so kind of you!
六)易錯點
1. 指代歧義陷阱
- 模糊案例:
I put the cake on the table and ate it.
(it指代不明,可能引起誤解)
- 正確表達:
I put the cake on the table and ate the cake.
2. 形式主語不可省略原則
- 典型錯誤:
Is necessary to wear uniforms.
- 正確版本:
It is necessary to wear uniforms.
3. 強調句的時態一致性
- 錯誤示范:
It is yesterday that he came.
- 正確示范:
It was yesterday that he came.
七)文化對比
中英思維差異
中文表達 英語轉換 說明
"下雨了" It's raining 必須補出it
"很晚了" It's late 添加形式主語
"據說..." It is said... 需構建形式主語結構
八)記憶法
1. it功能記憶圖
2. 口訣記憶法
it本領真不小,指代主語樣樣好
指物指時指天氣,形式主語不可少
不定式,動名詞,還有從句都需要
若遇強調要記牢,it is...that跑不了
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