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高中英語復習語法精講精練(3)—名詞性從句導學案(含解析)-2026屆高三英語上學期一輪復習專項

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高中英語復習語法精講精練(3)—名詞性從句導學案(含解析)-2026屆高三英語上學期一輪復習專項

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高中英語語法精講精練(3)—— 名詞性從句
學習目標 2
一、名詞性從句基本概念 2
1. 定義 2
2. 本質特征 2
二、名詞性從句的引導詞 3
1. 引導詞概述 3
2. 用法詳解 3
3. 練習 4
4. 考點總結 5
5. 重點引導詞辨析 5
三、四類名詞性從句詳解 8
1. 主語從句 8
2. 賓語從句 13
3. 表語從句 17
4. 同位語從句 21
四、高頻考點與易錯點 24
1. 語序問題 24
2. 虛擬語氣 24
3. 主謂一致 24
五、知識點總結 25
六、實戰演練 25
(一)基礎題(共 20 題) 25
(二)高考真題(共 18 題) 27
(三)模擬題(共 20 題) 29
學習目標
識記:了解名詞性從句的基本概念(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)和連詞的基本用法。
理解:掌握名詞性從句的高頻考點,如引導詞辨析(that/what、whether/if 等)、語序規則、時態呼應等。
應用:學會在語法填空和句子翻譯中準確運用名詞性從句,能快速判斷從句類型并選擇合適的引導詞。
一、名詞性從句基本概念
1. 定義
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的從句,相當于名詞,可作主語、賓語、表語和同位語,因此分為四類:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。
2. 本質特征
功能:替代名詞,在句中充當名詞可承擔的成分(主語、賓語等)。
結構:由連接詞引導,必須用陳述句語序(主語 + 謂語)。
例句解析
主語從句:What he said surprised everyone.(他說的話讓所有人驚訝)
("What he said" 作主語,相當于名詞短語)
賓語從句:I don't know where she lives.(我不知道她住在哪里)
("where she lives" 作動詞 know 的賓語)
表語從句:This is why he refused.(這就是他拒絕的原因)
("why he refused" 作系動詞 is 的表語)
同位語從句:He heard the news that his team won.(他聽到了他的團隊獲勝的消息)
("that his team won" 解釋 news 的內容)
基礎版練習
完整地將從句劃出來并說明是什么類型的從句
That the earth revolves around the sun is a fact.
She told me that she would attend the meeting.
The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
We heard the news that our team had won the championship.
I wonder what he is doing at the moment.
This is where we first met three years ago.
It is strange that he didn’t attend the lecture.
The belief that hard work leads to success is widely accepted.
提升版練習
完整地將從句劃出來并說明是什么類型的從句
It remains to be seen whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment.
The manager didn’t answer the question how the project would be carried out within the budget.
What many people don’t realize is that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health.
There is no denying the fact that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life.
二、名詞性從句的引導詞
1. 引導詞概述
名詞性從句的引導詞是連接主句和從句的關鍵,根據其在從句中是否充當句子成分及含義,可分為三類:連接詞(不充當成分)、連接代詞(充當主 / 賓 / 表 / 定語)、連接副詞(充當狀語)。
2. 用法詳解
類別 引導詞 含義 從句中成分 例句 分析
連接詞 that 無實際含義 不充當,僅起連接作用 He said that he would attend the meeting. that 在賓語從句中可省略,僅起連接作用,不影響句意。
whether 是否 不充當成分 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. whether 引導主語從句且位于句首,不可用 if 替換。
if 是否 不充當,僅連動詞的賓從和形式主語的主從 I wonder if she will come tomorrow. if 僅用于動詞后的賓語從句,不能用于句首主語從句或表語從句。
連接代詞 what …… 的事物 主語、賓語或表語 What he said surprised us. what 在主語從句中作 said 的賓語,指代 “他說的話”。
who 誰 主語 Who will win the game is unknown. who 在主語從句中作主語,指代人。
whom 誰 作賓語 The teacher asked whom we were waiting for. whom 在賓語從句中作 for 的賓語,指代人,口語中可用 who 替代。
which 哪一個 主語、賓語或定語(有范圍) She didn’t know which book to choose. which 在賓語從句中作定語,修飾 book,暗含選擇范圍。
whose 誰的 定語 I don’t know whose pen this is. whose 在賓語從句中作定語,修飾 pen,表所屬關系。
whatever 無論什么 作主語、賓語或表語(無范圍) Whatever you do, I will support you. whatever 在主語從句中作 do 的賓語,表泛指 “任何事情”。
whoever 無論誰 主語 Whoever comes is welcome. whoever 在主語從句中作主語,表泛指 “任何人”。
連接副詞 when 何時 時間狀語 I don’t know when he will leave. when 在賓語從句中作時間狀語,修飾 leave。
where 何地 地點狀語 This is where we met for the first time. where 在表語從句中作地點狀語,指代 “我們第一次見面的地方”。
why 為什么 原因狀語 The reason is why he refused the offer. why 在表語從句中作原因狀語,解釋 “原因是什么”。
how 如何、怎樣 方式狀語 She explained how she solved the problem. how 在賓語從句中作方式狀語,說明 “解決問題的方式”。
特別說明
連接詞 that 在賓語從句中可省略,但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不能省略(如:That he is honest is true.)。
whether 與 if 的核心區別在于使用場景:whether 適用范圍更廣,可與 or not 連用(whether...or not),而 if 不可。
連接代詞和連接副詞在從句中必須充當成分,做題時需先判斷從句缺少什么成分(主 / 賓 / 狀等),再選擇對應引導詞。
3. 練習
語法填空(每空限填一個引導詞)
______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still uncertain.
She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
The problem is ______ we can solve the crisis within a week.
I don’t know ______ pen this is.
______ broke the window should apologize to the teacher.
He didn’t tell me ______ he would go for vacation.
______ you choose, I will support your decision.
The manager explained ______ the project was delayed.
We haven’t decided ______ to accept the invitation or not.
______ comes to the party must bring a gift.
4. 考點總結
連接詞(that/if/whether):側重判斷從句是否缺 “是否” 含義及使用場景(如 whether 與 or not 連用)。
連接代詞(what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever):需判斷從句缺少主 / 賓 / 定語等成分,結合 “范圍”(which 有范圍,whatever 無范圍)選擇。
連接副詞(when/where/why/how):需判斷從句缺少時間、地點、原因或方式狀語,對應選擇引導詞。
5. 重點引導詞辨析
(1)that vs what
that:無意義,不充當成分,僅起連接作用
例句:He said that he would come.(他說他會來)
what:表 “…… 的事物”,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語
例句:What he needs is a book.(他需要的是一本書)
that vs what 專項練習
________ he told me yesterday is of great importance.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
I firmly believe ________ honesty is the best policy.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
________ impressed the judges most was the boy’s creativity.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
The teacher made it clear ________ we should hand in the paper before Friday.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
He always does ________ he thinks is right, regardless of others’ opinions.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
易錯提醒
that 不作成分;what 必須擔當主/賓/表語。
若空格后缺主語或賓語,優先 what;不缺則用 that。
(2)whether vs if
共同點:表 “是否”,不充當成分
區別:
whether 可用于主語從句(句首)、表語從句、介詞后賓語從句、與 or not 連用
if 僅用于動詞后的賓語從句及用 it 作形式主語的主語從句
例句:
Whether he will come is unknown.(正確,主語從句句首)
It is unknown if he will come.(正確,if 引導主語從句需用 it 作形式主語)
The question is whether we should go.(正確,表語從句)
I wonder if/whether he will come.(均可,動詞后賓語從句)
whether vs if專項練習
________ we can finish the work on time depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
I don’t know ________ to accept or refuse the offer.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
She asked me ________ I had ever been to Beijing.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
The question is ________ we can trust him or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
Everything depends on ________ we can get the loan from the bank.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
口訣速記
“句首介后表從用 whether;動詞后賓從兩可;or not 總跟 whether”。
(3)-ever 系列(whatever, whoever 等)
含義:“無論……”“凡是……”,表泛指,可作主語、賓語等
例句:Whoever comes will be welcome.(無論誰來都歡迎)
(whoever 在從句中作主語,相當于 anyone who)
專項練習 -ever 系列
1. ________ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. Whomever
You can choose ________ course interests you most.
A. whichever B. whatever C. that D. what
________ much advice you give him, he won’t change his mind.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever
________ team wins the match will represent our school.
A. That B. Which C. Whichever D. What
Give the book to ________ needs it.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom
易混對比
who/what 等指具體對象;-ever 泛指“無論……”。
whoever 與 whomever:從句缺主語用 whoever,缺賓語才用 whomever。
三、四類名詞性從句詳解
1. 主語從句
(1)基本結構
例句:觀察從句的位置
How he solved the problem remains a secret.(他如何解決問題仍是秘密)
It is natural that children love their parents.(孩子愛父母是自然的)
直接位于句首:
That he is honest is true. 他誠實是真的。
用 it 作形式主語(避免頭重腳輕):
It is true that he is honest.
(2)常見句型
句型結構 常見搭配 例句 解析
It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句 important, necessary, natural, clear, strange, obvious It is necessary that we (should) wear masks in crowded places. 形容詞描述從句內容的性質,strange/ necessary 等后的從句常用虛擬語氣(should + 動詞原形,should 可省略)。
It + be + 名詞 + that 從句 a pity, a fact, a shame, no wonder, an honor It is a pity that you missed the concert. 名詞多為抽象名詞,說明從句內容的屬性。
It + be + 過去分詞 + that 從句 said, reported, believed, known, suggested It is reported that the typhoon will land tomorrow. 過去分詞表被動,多為 “據說 / 據報道” 等固定表達。
It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句 happens, appears, seems, matters It matters that we keep our promise. 不及物動詞多為 “發生 / 似乎 / 重要” 等,從句說明具體內容。
(3)引導詞的特殊用法
if 不可引導句首主語從句:表示 “是否” 時,只能用 whether 置于句首,如:
Whether he will attend the meeting is unclear.(√);
If he will attend the meeting is unclear.(×)。
what 與 that 的區分:what 在從句中需作成分(主 / 賓 / 表),that 不作成分,如:
What surprised us is his decision.(what 作主語);
That he made that decision surprised us.(that 僅連接)。
(4)主謂一致的特殊情況
基本規則:主語從句作主語時,主句謂語動詞通常用單數
that 引導的主語從句
例句:That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.(他通過考試讓父母很驕傲)
解析:that 從句表述單一事實,主句謂語用單數。
連接代詞 / 副詞引導的主語從句
例句:How the team will win the game is still a mystery.(球隊如何獲勝仍是個謎)
解析:從句表達一個整體概念,謂語用單數。
特殊規則:根據從句含義或表語判斷謂語單復數
what 引導的主語從句
當 what 表示單數概念(指代一件事 / 一個事物)時,謂語用單數:
What he said is true.(他說的話是真的)
當 what 表示復數概念(指代多件事 / 多個事物)時,謂語用復數:
What he bought are three books and a pen.(他買的是三本書和一支筆)
當表語為復數時,主句謂語隨表語變化:
What he needs are some new tools.(他需要的是一些新工具)
并列結構作主語從句
由 and 連接兩個并列從句時,若表示兩個獨立概念,謂語用復數:
When the meeting will start and where it will be held are not decided.(會議何時何地召開尚未決定)
若表示同一概念,謂語用單數:
When and how he will arrive is unknown.(他何時及如何到達還不清楚)
高考高頻考點:形式主語 it 后的主謂一致
it 作形式主語時,主句謂語單復數由真正的主語從句決定(通常為單數):
It is important that we study hard.(我們努力學習很重要)
It has been proved that exercise is good for health.(鍛煉有益健康已被證實)
例外情況:當從句含復數含義且表語為復數時,謂語可隨表語變化(罕見):
It are these factors that influence the result.(正是這些因素影響結果)
解析:此句為強調句型變體,需結合語境判斷,高考中極少出現。
易錯點辨析
錯誤例句 正確例句 解析
When they will come are unclear. When they will come is unclear. 從句表單一概念,謂語用單數。
What he said and did is surprising. What he said and did are surprising. 從句含 “說” 和 “做” 兩個動作,表復數含義,謂語用復數。
What I need is some books. What I need are some books. 表語為復數,謂語隨表語用復數。
真題鏈接
(2021 全國甲卷)What matters is not your appearance but your ability.(重要的不是你的外表而是能力)
解析:what 表單數概念,謂語用 is。
(2020 江蘇卷)What he left are some old photos and a letter.(他留下的是一些舊照片和一封信)
解析:what 指代復數物品,謂語用 are。
(5)與強調句的區分
主語從句:
It is unclear what he wants.(it 為形式主語,真正主語是 what 從句)。
強調句:
It is what he wants that matters.(強調句結構,去掉 It is...that 后句子仍完整:What he wants matters.)。
(6)高考真題常見陷阱
語序錯誤:誤將從句用疑問句語序,如:
When will he arrive is unknown.(×)→ When he will arrive is unknown.(√)。
虛擬語氣遺漏:在 It is important that... 句型中,漏用 should,如:
It is important that he works hard.(×)→ It is important that he (should) work hard.(√)。
(7)主語從句練習
I. 語法填空(每空限填 1 詞)
______ he will join the club depends on his parents' attitude.
It is necessary that we ______ (improve) our communication skills.
______ surprised us most was her sudden decision to quit.
It ______ (report) that the new policy will be carried out next month.
The question is ______ the meeting will be postponed.
II. 單句改錯(每句 1 處錯誤)
If she will come to the party is still unknown.
What he said and did were inspiring to all of us.
It is important that a student masters a foreign language.
When will they start the project is not decided yet.
The fact what he won the prize made his family proud.
III. 句型轉換(按要求改寫句子)
That he is always late for class annoys the teacher.(用 it 作形式主語)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
Whether they will sign the contract is under discussion.(改為含形式主語的句子)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
It is said that the singer will hold a concert in our city.(改為直接主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 句子翻譯(根據漢語提示完成句子)
他為什么拒絕這個提議仍然是個謎。(主語從句,why 引導)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我們需要的是更多的實踐機會。(what 引導主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
很明顯,他沒有說實話。(it 作形式主語,that 引導)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
V. 短文填空(在空白處填入適當的引導詞)
1. ______ we can succeed in the competition depends on two factors: 2. ______ we have prepared fully and 3. ______ we can keep calm under pressure. It is believed 4. ______ teamwork plays a key role. Some members suggest 5. ______ we should have a final discussion tonight. However, 6. ______ will attend the discussion remains unclear. 7. ______ is certain is that we must make every effort to achieve our goal.
2. 賓語從句
(一)核心用法詳解
作動詞賓語
基本結構:
及物動詞 + 賓語從句(that 可省略,但若從句含兩個及以上并列句,第二個 that 不可?。?br/>例句:
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift.
她說明天會來,還會帶禮物。
時態呼應規則:
主句為現在時 / 將來時,從句時態根據實際情況而定:
He thinks we will finish the task by Friday.(他認為我們周五前能完成任務)
主句為過去時,從句用相應過去時態(客觀真理 / 事實除外):
She told me she had seen the movie before.(她告訴我她之前看過這部電影)
The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.(客觀真理用一般現在時)
否定前移:主句謂語為 think/believe/suppose 等時,從句否定需移至主句:
誤:I think he won’t agree.
正:I don’t think he will agree.(我認為他不會同意)
作介詞賓語
常見介詞:
about, of, in, on, without 等(except/but/in 后可接 that 引導的從句)
例句:
He is worried about whether he can pass the exam.
他擔心能否通過考試。
I know nothing about him except that he is from London.
除了知道他來自倫敦,我對他一無所知。
禁忌:
介詞后不可用 if 表 “是否”,需用 whether;不可直接接 that(except/but/in 除外):
誤:We talked about if we should go.
正:We talked about whether we should go.
作形容詞的賓語從句
基本概念:
部分形容詞后可接賓語從句,說明形容詞所描述的心理狀態、情感或觀點的具體內容。這類形容詞多表達 “確信、擔憂、遺憾、高興” 等情感,從句由 that, whether, if 或連接代詞 / 副詞引導。
常見形容詞及例句:
形容詞 含義 例句
sure 確信的 I am sure that he will keep his promise.(我確信他會信守承諾)
afraid 擔心的 She is afraid that she will miss the train.(她擔心會錯過火車)
sorry 抱歉的 I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.(抱歉我忘了你的生日)
glad 高興的 We are glad that you can join us.(很高興你能加入我們)
certain 確定的 He is certain whether the plan will work.(他不確定計劃是否可行)
surprised 驚訝的 They were surprised what he said at the meeting.(他們對他在會上說的話感到驚訝)
形式賓語 it
適用場景:當賓語從句后有賓語補足語時,用 it 作形式賓語,避免句子結構失衡
句型:主語 + 動詞(find/think/make/consider 等) + it + 賓補(adj./n.) + that 從句
例句:
I find it necessary that we practice speaking English daily.(我發現每天練習說英語很有必要)
We consider it a pity that she missed the lecture.(我們認為她錯過講座很可惜)
(二)引導詞用法:
that:最常用,可省略,表達肯定的情感或事實,如:
I'm proud (that) my son won the prize.
whether/if:表 “是否”,用于不確定的情感,如:
She is worried whether she can pass the test.
(不可用 if 替換 whether,因與 or not 連用時需用 whether,但單純表 “是否” 時可換)
連接代詞 / 副詞:根據句意表達具體疑問,如:
I'm not sure how he solved the problem.
(三)高考易錯點警示
語序錯誤:賓語從句需用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后)
誤:He asked where was the nearest bank.
正:He asked where the nearest bank was.(他問最近的銀行在哪里)
虛擬語氣遺漏:在表示 “建議 / 命令 / 要求” 的動詞(suggest/demand/order/insist 等)后,賓語從句用 “(should)+ 動詞原形”
例句:
The manager suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tomorrow.
經理建議我們明天開會。
if 與 whether 混淆:whether 可與 or not 連用,if 不可;whether 可接不定式,if 不可
例句:
I haven’t decided whether to go or not.(正確)
I haven’t decided if to go or not.(錯誤)
作形容詞賓語時的引導詞誤用:在 “be + 形容詞” 結構后,表 “是否” 時雖可用 if,但正式語境中更傾向用 whether,尤其是與 or not 連用時必須用 whether,如:
I'm not sure whether he will come or not.(正確);
I'm not sure if he will come or not.(錯誤)
(四)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① She wondered ______ she could get a ticket for the concert.
② The teacher insists that we ______ (hand) in our homework on time.
③ We think ______ important that students should take exercise regularly.
④ I'm not sure ______ he will arrive on time.
II. 單句改錯
① He asked me where did I go yesterday.
② I don’t doubt if he will keep his promise.
③ She told me that she has visited the Great Wall twice.
④ They are certain if the project will be completed.
III. 句子翻譯
① 他不確定是否該接受這個挑戰。(whether 引導)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我們發現她能流利說三門語言很令人驚訝。(形式賓語 it)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
③ 我很抱歉我沒能參加你的婚禮。(作形容詞的賓語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
Tom wanted to know ______ his father would allow him to join the club. He asked his mother ______ she could help him talk to his father. His mother said she didn’t know ______ his father would agree, but she promised ______ she would try. She was afraid ______ Tom would be disappointed if he couldn’t join. In fact, Tom was worried about ______ he could balance club activities and his studies.
3. 表語從句
(一)核心用法與結構特征
基本構成
表語從句位于系動詞之后,形成 “主語 + 系動詞 + 表語從句” 結構,用于說明主語的性質、狀態或內容。
常見系動詞:be(是)、look(看起來)、seem(似乎)、remain(仍然)、appear(顯得)、sound(聽起來)、turn out(結果是)等。
例句:
Her main concern is whether she can pass the interview.(她最擔心的是能否通過面試)
The result turned out that our team won the championship.(結果是我們隊贏得了冠軍)
核心功能
用于解釋主語的具體含義,如:
定義概念:A dictionary is what helps us look up new words.(字典是幫助我們查生詞的工具)
說明原因 / 結果:His anger is that he was cheated by his partner.(他生氣是因為被搭檔欺騙了)
(二)引導詞分類及用法
引導詞類型 典型引導詞 用法說明 例句
連接詞 that, whether that 無意義,不省略;whether 表 “是否”,不可用 if 替換 The fact is that he lied. 事實是他撒謊了; The question is whether we should go. 問題是我們是否該走。
連接代詞 what, who, which, whose 在從句中作主語、賓語或定語,表達具體指代內容 The winner is who finishes first.(獲勝者是第一個完成的人); I don’t know whose book this is.(我不知道這是誰的書)
連接副詞 when, where, why, how 在從句中作狀語,表時間、地點、原因或方式 That is where we met for the first time.(那是我們第一次見面的地方); The problem is how we can reduce costs.(問題是我們如何降低成本)
特殊引導詞 as if/as though, because as if/as though 表 “好像”,可接虛擬語氣;because 表原因(主語多為 it/ this /that) She acts as if she were a princess.(她表現得像個公主); It is because you didn’t keep your promise.(那是因為你沒信守承諾)
(三)高頻句型與固定搭配
The reason why... is that...(…… 的原因是……)
例句:
The reason why he resigned is that he couldn’t stand the pressure.
他辭職的原因是無法承受壓力。
【易錯點】reason 后必須用 that 引導表語從句,不可用 because。
This/That is why...(這 / 那就是…… 的原因)(表結果)
例句:
He overslept. That is why he missed the flight.
他睡過頭了,這就是錯過航班的原因。
This/That/It is because...(這 / 那 / 那是因為……)(表原因)
用法解析:
該句型中 because 引導表語從句,專門用于說明前文所述情況的原因,主語通常為 this/that/it(指代前文提到的事情),從句需用陳述句語序。
主語使用區別:
this/that 指代具體的人或事,如:She was late. That is because she got stuck in traffic.(她遲到了,那是因為堵車了)
it 為形式主語,不具體指代某事物,僅用于引出原因,如:It is because you lack experience that you failed.(你失敗是因為缺乏經驗)
與 because 引導原因狀語從句的區別:
表語從句中的 because 強調 “前文情況的原因”,而原因狀語從句中的 because 強調 “導致主句結果的原因”,如:He stayed at home because he was ill.(原因狀語從句,強調生病導致居家);He stayed at home. That is because he was ill.(表語從句,強調居家的原因是生?。?br/>高考常見語境:
多用于回答 why 引導的問句或解釋前文現象,如:
—Why did he refuse the offer —That is because he had other plans.
— 他為什么拒絕這個提議?— 那是因為他有其他計劃。
It seems/looks as if...(看起來好像……)
例句:
It looks as if the concert will be cancelled.(看起來這場音樂會要取消了)
(四)虛擬語氣專項解析
as if/as though 引導的虛擬語氣
適用場景:描述與事實相反的假設時,從句用虛擬語氣;描述真實情況時用陳述語氣。
時態規則:
假設類型 從句謂語形式 例句
與現在事實相反 過去時(be 動詞用 were) He talks as if he knew all the secrets.(他說話好像知道所有秘密似的)
與過去事實相反 過去完成時(had + 過去分詞) She cried as if she had been hurt deeply.(她哭起來好像受了重傷似的)
與將來事實相反 would/might + 動詞原形 It seems as if it would rain cats and dogs.(好像要下傾盆大雨了)
建議 / 命令類表語從句
當主語為 suggestion, advice, order 等名詞時,表語從句用 “(should) + 動詞原形”:
My suggestion is that we (should) start planning now.
我的建議是現在就開始計劃。
The order is that all tasks (should) be completed by Friday.
命令是所有任務周五前完成。
(五)高考易錯點警示
引導詞誤用
表語從句中表 “是否” 只能用 whether,不能用 if:
誤:The doubt is if he will come.
正:The doubt is whether he will come.
reason 后接表語從句用 that,不用 because:
誤:The reason for his absence is because he was ill.
正:The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
語序錯誤
表語從句需用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后):
誤:The question is how can we solve this problem.
正:The question is how we can solve this problem.
虛擬語氣時態錯誤
描述與過去事實相反的情況時,需用過去完成時:
誤:She looks as if she saw a ghost.
正:She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
(五)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① She behaves as if she ______ (be) the boss.(實際她不是)
② My suggestion is that we ______ (start) early tomorrow.
③ It looks as if it ______ (rain) last night.(實際沒下)
II. 單句改錯
① It seems as if he will know the answer.(實際他不知道)
② The order is that all students must attend the lecture.
③ The reason why she left is because she felt lonely.
III. 句子翻譯
① 他看起來好像多年沒見她了。(as if,與過去事實相反)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我的建議是我們應該立即采取行動。(表語從句,虛擬語氣)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
③ 她說話的樣子仿佛她什么都懂。(as if,與現在事實相反)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
The fact is ______ progress requires effort. It seems ______ some students don’t understand this. My advice is ______ they (should) change their attitude. It looks ______ they would waste time, but the truth is ______ they are afraid of failure. That is ______ they need encouragement.
4. 同位語從句
(一)核心特征與構成
基本定義
同位語從句是對其前面的抽象名詞(稱為 “先行詞”)進行解釋說明,說明該名詞的具體內容,二者在邏輯上是 “同等關系”。
常見先行詞:news(消息)、idea(想法)、fact(事實)、promise(承諾)、belief(信念)、doubt(疑問)、hope(希望)、suggestion(建議)、order(命令)、question(問題)等。
例句:
We heard the news that our team had won.(我們聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息)
He expressed his belief that all people are equal.(他表達了所有人都是平等的信念)
結構形式
先行詞 + 引導詞 + 同位語從句(陳述句語序)
注意:
當先行詞后有定語、謂語等成分時,同位語從句可能與先行詞分隔(稱為 “分隔式同位語從句”),避免句子頭重腳輕。
例句:
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.(有句諺語說熟能生巧)
(goes 是謂語,分隔了先行詞 saying 和同位語從句)
(二)引導詞分類及用法
引導詞 用法說明 例句
that 無意義,不充當成分,不可省略(即使在口語中) The fact that he lied to us surprised everyone.(他對我們撒謊的事實讓所有人驚訝)
whether 表 “是否”,不充當成分,不可用 if 替換,常用于 doubt, question 等詞后 There is some doubt whether he will arrive on time.(他是否能準時到還有些疑問)
連接代詞 what, who, which, whose(在從句中作主語、賓語、定語) The question who will lead the project needs to be discussed.(誰來領導這個項目的問題需要討論)
連接副詞 when, where, why, how(在從句中作狀語,表時間、地點、原因、方式) I have no idea when the meeting will start.(我不知道會議什么時候開始)
高考警示:
that 在同位語從句中絕對不可省略,與定語從句中 that 可省略(作賓語時)形成對比。
whether 可接不定式(to do),if 不可,如:He has no idea whether to accept the offer.(他不知道是否接受這個提議)
(三)與定語從句的深層區別
對比維度 同位語從句 定語從句
功能 解釋先行詞的具體內容 (同等關系) 修飾先行詞的性質特征 (修飾關系)
引導詞 that 的作用 無意義,不充當成分,不可省略 有意義(指代先行詞),充當主語 / 賓語,作賓語時可省略
與先行詞的關系 從句 = 先行詞(如:The news that he won = The news: “He won”) 從句 ≠ 先行詞(如:The news that he told me 指 “他告訴我的那個消息”)
典型例句 I got the message that the flight was cancelled.(消息內容是 “航班取消”) I got the message that he sent yesterday.(他昨天發的那個消息)
(四)高考高頻考點
虛擬語氣的使用
當先行詞是 suggestion, advice, order, demand 等表示 “建議、命令、要求” 的名詞時,同位語從句謂語用 “(should) + 動詞原形”。
例句:
The suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting is reasonable.(我們開個會的建議很合理)
He gave an order that all work (should) stop at once.(他下令所有工作立即停止)
分隔式同位語從句的識別
當先行詞與從句被謂語、定語等隔開時,需通過邏輯判斷是否為同位語從句(解釋內容)。
例句:
Evidence came up that the suspect had been in the city.(有證據表明嫌疑人曾在這座城市)
(came up 是謂語,隔開了先行詞 evidence 和從句)
(五)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① We were excited at the news ______ our team had won the championship.
② There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
③ The question ______ should be responsible for the accident remains unanswered.
II. 單句改錯
① The fact if he succeeded surprised us all.
② He made a promise what he would help us.
③ The suggestion which we should start early was accepted.
III. 句子翻譯
① 他提出了我們應該立即采取行動的建議。(suggestion + 同位語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
② 我不知道她為什么拒絕了這個邀請。(idea + 同位語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 短文填空
The teacher announced the news ______ the exam would be postponed. This was a great relief to students, most of whom had the belief ______ they needed more time to prepare. However, there was some doubt ______ the delay would cause new problems.
四、高頻考點與易錯點
1. 語序問題
名詞性從句必須用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后)
例句:Do you know when he will come (正確)
Do you know when will he come (錯誤)
2. 虛擬語氣
在表示 “建議、命令、要求” 的名詞性從句中,謂語用 “(should) + 動詞原形”
例句:He suggested that we (should) leave early.(他建議我們早走)
My advice is that he (should) study hard.
3. 主謂一致
主語從句作主語,謂語一般用單數;what 引導的主語從句,謂語單復數由從句或表語決定
例句:What he said is true.(單數)
What he gave me are books.(表語 books 為復數,謂語用復數)
易錯點練習
找出錯誤并改正:
I don't know if he will come or not.
The reason why he failed is because he was careless.
It is important that we will finish the work.
五、知識點總結
引導詞辨析:that 無意義不充當成分;what/which/who 等作成分;whether 表 “是否”(句首 / 介詞后 / 與 or not 連用)。
語序:所有名詞性從句用陳述句語序。
虛擬語氣:suggestion/order 等詞后的同位語從句及表語從句用 “(should)+ 動詞原形”。
形式主語 / 賓語:it 可代替 that 從句作形式主語 / 賓語,避免頭重腳輕。
與定語從句區別:同位語從句解釋內容(that 不充當成分),定語從句修飾名詞(that 充當成分)。
六、實戰演練
(一)基礎題(共 20 題)
I. 語法填空(10 題)
______ he will come or not depends on the weather.
It is strange ______ she didn’t attend the meeting.
I don’t know ______ he did it for.
The news ______ our team won the game excited everyone.
The problem is ______ we can get enough money.
She made a promise ______ she would help us.
______ caused the accident is still a mystery.
I think ______ necessary that we practice English every day.
The question ______ should be responsible has not been decided.
His suggestion ______ we should start early is reasonable.
II. 單句改錯(10 題)
If he will go there is not clear.
The fact which he told us is true.
I doubt that he can finish the work on time.
The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
It is reported when the typhoon will land tomorrow.
She asked me where is the nearest bank.
My idea is that we must finish the task today.
There is no doubt whether he is honest.
He made a promise what he would come.
The question is if we should accept the offer.
(二)高考真題(共 18 題)
1.(2025 北京卷)The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
2.(2025 全國二卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me ____58____ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
3.(2024 全國甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.(2024 浙江 1 月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote.
5.(2023 全國甲卷)______ matters most is not your score but your attitude.
6.(2023 浙江卷)We have learned from the story ______ kindness can bring happiness.
7.(2023 天津卷)______ he will attend the party depends on his parents’ permission.
8.(2022 全國甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew ______ to settle it.
9.(2022 全國乙卷)I wonder ______ we can solve this problem without their help.
10.(2022 天津卷)Mental health involves______ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
11.(2022 新高考全國卷 Ⅱ)Cobb, for the party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
12.(2021 全國 I 卷)______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
13.(2021 北京卷)The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal.
14.(2021 天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas.
15.(2020 全國 I 卷)The fact ______ he is a famous scientist is known to us all.
16.(2020 浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted.
17.(2020 天津卷)It is important ______ we should respect the elderly.
18.(真題模擬題)______ surprised us most was not what he said but the way ______ he said it.
(三)模擬題(共 20 題)
I. 短文填空(10 題)
Many people hold the belief ______ money can bring happiness. However, the truth is ______ happiness doesn’t depend on wealth. ______ we need is love and care from others. There is no doubt ______ kindness is more important than money. Some people question ______ we can live a happy life without money. The answer is ______ it is possible if we have a positive attitude. The suggestion ______ we should help each other is worth considering. ______ makes life meaningful is not what we get but what we give. It is a pity ______ some people don’t realize this. We should remember the fact ______ true happiness comes from within.
II. 句子翻譯(10 題)
他是否會接受這個邀請還不確定。(主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我們相信他能按時完成工作。(賓語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
問題是我們如何籌集足夠的資金。(表語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
他做出了一個他將努力學習的承諾。(同位語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
眾所周知,練習是提高英語的關鍵。(it 作形式主語)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我不確定他明天是否會來。(賓語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
他成功的原因是他很努力。(表語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我們得到消息說會議將被推遲。(同位語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
無論誰違反規則都將受到懲罰。(主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我覺得有必要每天練習口語。(it 作形式賓語)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________高中英語語法精講精練(3)—— 名詞性從句
學習目標 2
一、名詞性從句基本概念 2
1. 定義 2
2. 本質特征 2
二、名詞性從句的引導詞 4
1. 引導詞概述 4
2. 用法詳解 4
3. 練習 5
4. 考點總結 6
5. 重點引導詞辨析 7
三、四類名詞性從句詳解 9
1. 主語從句 9
2. 賓語從句 15
3. 表語從句 19
4. 同位語從句 23
四、高頻考點與易錯點 26
1. 語序問題 26
2. 虛擬語氣 26
3. 主謂一致 26
五、知識點總結 27
六、實戰演練 27
(一)基礎題(共 20 題) 27
(二)高考真題(共 18 題) 29
(三)模擬題(共 20 題) 31
學習目標
識記:了解名詞性從句的基本概念(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)和連詞的基本用法。
理解:掌握名詞性從句的高頻考點,如引導詞辨析(that/what、whether/if 等)、語序規則、時態呼應等。
應用:學會在語法填空和句子翻譯中準確運用名詞性從句,能快速判斷從句類型并選擇合適的引導詞。
一、名詞性從句基本概念
1. 定義
名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的從句,相當于名詞,可作主語、賓語、表語和同位語,因此分為四類:主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。
2. 本質特征
功能:替代名詞,在句中充當名詞可承擔的成分(主語、賓語等)。
結構:由連接詞引導,必須用陳述句語序(主語 + 謂語)。
例句解析
主語從句:What he said surprised everyone.(他說的話讓所有人驚訝)
("What he said" 作主語,相當于名詞短語)
賓語從句:I don't know where she lives.(我不知道她住在哪里)
("where she lives" 作動詞 know 的賓語)
表語從句:This is why he refused.(這就是他拒絕的原因)
("why he refused" 作系動詞 is 的表語)
同位語從句:He heard the news that his team won.(他聽到了他的團隊獲勝的消息)
("that his team won" 解釋 news 的內容)
基礎版練習
完整地將從句劃出來并說明是什么類型的從句
That the earth revolves around the sun is a fact.
She told me that she would attend the meeting.
The question is whether we can finish the task on time.
We heard the news that our team had won the championship.
I wonder what he is doing at the moment.
This is where we first met three years ago.
It is strange that he didn’t attend the lecture.
The belief that hard work leads to success is widely accepted.
答案解析:
主語從句(“That the earth revolves around the sun” 作主語,說明事實)
賓語從句(“that she would attend the meeting” 作動詞 told 的賓語)
表語從句(“whether we can finish the task on time” 作系動詞 is 的表語)
同位語從句(“that our team had won the championship” 解釋 news 的內容)
賓語從句(“what he is doing at the moment” 作動詞 wonder 的賓語,what 在從句中作賓語)
表語從句(“where we first met three years ago” 作系動詞 is 的表語,where 在從句中作地點狀語)
主語從句(it 為形式主語,“that he didn’t attend the lecture” 為真正主語)
同位語從句(“that hard work leads to success” 解釋抽象名詞 belief 的內容)
提升版練習
完整地將從句劃出來并說明是什么類型的從句
It remains to be seen whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment.
The manager didn’t answer the question how the project would be carried out within the budget.
What many people don’t realize is that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health.
There is no denying the fact that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life.
答案解析:
主語從句(it 作形式主語,“whether the new policy will be beneficial to the environment” 為真正主語,符合高考中主語從句用 it 作形式主語的常見考法)。
賓語從句(“how the project would be carried out within the budget” 作動詞 answer 的賓語,how 在從句中作方式狀語,考查連接副詞的用法)。
表語從句(“that adequate sleep is crucial for mental health” 作系動詞 is 的表語,that 在從句中不作成分,符合表語從句中 that 的用法規則)。
同位語從句(“that artificial intelligence has changed our way of life” 解釋抽象名詞 fact 的內容,that 不充當成分,區分于定語從句)。
二、名詞性從句的引導詞
1. 引導詞概述
名詞性從句的引導詞是連接主句和從句的關鍵,根據其在從句中是否充當句子成分及含義,可分為三類:連接詞(不充當成分)、連接代詞(充當主 / 賓 / 表 / 定語)、連接副詞(充當狀語)。
2. 用法詳解
類別 引導詞 含義 從句中成分 例句 分析
連接詞 that 無實際含義 不充當,僅起連接作用 He said that he would attend the meeting. that 在賓語從句中可省略,僅起連接作用,不影響句意。
whether 是否 不充當成分 Whether we will go camping depends on the weather. whether 引導主語從句且位于句首,不可用 if 替換。
if 是否 不充當,僅連動詞的賓從和形式主語的主從 I wonder if she will come tomorrow. if 僅用于動詞后的賓語從句,不能用于句首主語從句或表語從句。
連接代詞 what …… 的事物 主語、賓語或表語 What he said surprised us. what 在主語從句中作 said 的賓語,指代 “他說的話”。
who 誰 主語 Who will win the game is unknown. who 在主語從句中作主語,指代人。
whom 誰 作賓語 The teacher asked whom we were waiting for. whom 在賓語從句中作 for 的賓語,指代人,口語中可用 who 替代。
which 哪一個 主語、賓語或定語(有范圍) She didn’t know which book to choose. which 在賓語從句中作定語,修飾 book,暗含選擇范圍。
whose 誰的 定語 I don’t know whose pen this is. whose 在賓語從句中作定語,修飾 pen,表所屬關系。
whatever 無論什么 作主語、賓語或表語(無范圍) Whatever you do, I will support you. whatever 在主語從句中作 do 的賓語,表泛指 “任何事情”。
whoever 無論誰 主語 Whoever comes is welcome. whoever 在主語從句中作主語,表泛指 “任何人”。
連接副詞 when 何時 時間狀語 I don’t know when he will leave. when 在賓語從句中作時間狀語,修飾 leave。
where 何地 地點狀語 This is where we met for the first time. where 在表語從句中作地點狀語,指代 “我們第一次見面的地方”。
why 為什么 原因狀語 The reason is why he refused the offer. why 在表語從句中作原因狀語,解釋 “原因是什么”。
how 如何、怎樣 方式狀語 She explained how she solved the problem. how 在賓語從句中作方式狀語,說明 “解決問題的方式”。
特別說明
連接詞 that 在賓語從句中可省略,但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不能省略(如:That he is honest is true.)。
whether 與 if 的核心區別在于使用場景:whether 適用范圍更廣,可與 or not 連用(whether...or not),而 if 不可。
連接代詞和連接副詞在從句中必須充當成分,做題時需先判斷從句缺少什么成分(主 / 賓 / 狀等),再選擇對應引導詞。
3. 練習
語法填空(每空限填一個引導詞)
______ he will attend the meeting tomorrow is still uncertain.
She asked me ______ I had finished my homework.
The problem is ______ we can solve the crisis within a week.
I don’t know ______ pen this is.
______ broke the window should apologize to the teacher.
He didn’t tell me ______ he would go for vacation.
______ you choose, I will support your decision.
The manager explained ______ the project was delayed.
We haven’t decided ______ to accept the invitation or not.
______ comes to the party must bring a gift.
答案及解析
Whether
解析:考查連接詞 whether。句意:他明天是否參加會議還不確定。空格處引導主語從句,位于句首且表 “是否”,根據規則只能用 whether,不能用 if。
if/whether
解析:考查連接詞 if/whether。句意:她問我是否完成了作業??崭裉幰龑釉~ asked 后的賓語從句,表 “是否”,可用 if 或 whether。
that
解析:考查連接詞 that。句意:問題是我們能在一周內解決危機??崭裉幰龑П碚Z從句,從句成分完整且無疑問,用 that(不可省略)。
whose
解析:考查連接代詞 whose。句意:我不知道這是誰的鋼筆。空格處引導賓語從句,作定語修飾 pen,表所屬關系,用 whose。
Who
解析:考查連接代詞 who。句意:無論誰打破了窗戶都應該向老師道歉??崭裉幰龑е髡Z從句,在從句中作主語且指人,用 who。
where
解析:考查連接副詞 where。句意:他沒告訴我要去哪里度假。空格處引導賓語從句,在從句中作地點狀語,用 where。
Whichever
解析:考查連接代詞 whichever。句意:無論你選擇哪一個,我都會支持你的決定??崭裉幰龑е髡Z從句,表 “無論哪一個”(有范圍),用 whichever。
why
解析:考查連接副詞 why。句意:經理解釋了項目為什么延期。空格處引導賓語從句,在從句中作原因狀語,用 why。
whether
解析:考查連接詞 whether。句意:我們還沒決定是否接受邀請??崭裉幣c or not 連用,表 “是否”,只能用 whether。
Whoever
解析:考查連接代詞 whoever。句意:無論誰來參加派對都必須帶一份禮物??崭裉幰龑е髡Z從句,表 “無論誰”(泛指),用 whoever。
4. 考點總結
連接詞(that/if/whether):側重判斷從句是否缺 “是否” 含義及使用場景(如 whether 與 or not 連用)。
連接代詞(what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever):需判斷從句缺少主 / 賓 / 定語等成分,結合 “范圍”(which 有范圍,whatever 無范圍)選擇。
連接副詞(when/where/why/how):需判斷從句缺少時間、地點、原因或方式狀語,對應選擇引導詞。
5. 重點引導詞辨析
(1)that vs what
that:無意義,不充當成分,僅起連接作用
例句:He said that he would come.(他說他會來)
what:表 “…… 的事物”,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語
例句:What he needs is a book.(他需要的是一本書)
that vs what 專項練習
________ he told me yesterday is of great importance.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
I firmly believe ________ honesty is the best policy.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
________ impressed the judges most was the boy’s creativity.
A. That B. What C. Which D. How
The teacher made it clear ________ we should hand in the paper before Friday.
A. that B. what C. whether D. how
He always does ________ he thinks is right, regardless of others’ opinions.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
答案解析
B what=the thing(s) that,在從句中作 told 的賓語。
A that 無意義,僅連接 believe 與從句 honesty…,不作成分。
B what 在從句中作主語(=The thing that impressed…)。
A that 引導賓語從句,無意義;it 作形式賓語。
B what 在從句中作主語(=the thing that he thinks is right)。
易錯提醒
that 不作成分;what 必須擔當主/賓/表語。
若空格后缺主語或賓語,優先 what;不缺則用 that。
(2)whether vs if
共同點:表 “是否”,不充當成分
區別:
whether 可用于主語從句(句首)、表語從句、介詞后賓語從句、與 or not 連用
if 僅用于動詞后的賓語從句及用 it 作形式主語的主語從句
例句:
Whether he will come is unknown.(正確,主語從句句首)
It is unknown if he will come.(正確,if 引導主語從句需用 it 作形式主語)
The question is whether we should go.(正確,表語從句)
I wonder if/whether he will come.(均可,動詞后賓語從句)
whether vs if專項練習
________ we can finish the work on time depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
I don’t know ________ to accept or refuse the offer.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
She asked me ________ I had ever been to Beijing.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
The question is ________ we can trust him or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
Everything depends on ________ we can get the loan from the bank.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
答案與精講
B 主語從句位于句首,只能用 whether。
B 與 or 連用 → whether…or…。
A/B 動詞 ask 后賓語從句,if/whether 皆可;口語常用 if。
B 表語從句 + or not,只能用 whether。
B 介詞 on 后賓語從句,只能用 whether。
口訣速記
“句首介后表從用 whether;動詞后賓從兩可;or not 總跟 whether”。
(3)-ever 系列(whatever, whoever 等)
含義:“無論……”“凡是……”,表泛指,可作主語、賓語等
例句:Whoever comes will be welcome.(無論誰來都歡迎)
(whoever 在從句中作主語,相當于 anyone who)
專項練習 -ever 系列
1. ________ breaks the law will be punished.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Whom D. Whomever
You can choose ________ course interests you most.
A. whichever B. whatever C. that D. what
________ much advice you give him, he won’t change his mind.
A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever
________ team wins the match will represent our school.
A. That B. Which C. Whichever D. What
Give the book to ________ needs it.
A. anyone B. who C. whoever D. whom
答案與精講
B whoever=anyone who,在從句中作主語。
A whichever=any course that,強調“無論哪一門”。
B however=no matter how,后接形容詞/副詞 much。
C whichever team=the team that,表示“無論哪一隊”。
C whoever=anyone who,在從句中作主語;whom/whomever 不作主語。
易混對比
who/what 等指具體對象;-ever 泛指“無論……”。
whoever 與 whomever:從句缺主語用 whoever,缺賓語才用 whomever。
三、四類名詞性從句詳解
1. 主語從句
(1)基本結構
例句:觀察從句的位置
How he solved the problem remains a secret.(他如何解決問題仍是秘密)
It is natural that children love their parents.(孩子愛父母是自然的)
直接位于句首:
That he is honest is true. 他誠實是真的。
用 it 作形式主語(避免頭重腳輕):
It is true that he is honest.
(2)常見句型
句型結構 常見搭配 例句 解析
It + be + 形容詞 + that 從句 important, necessary, natural, clear, strange, obvious It is necessary that we (should) wear masks in crowded places. 形容詞描述從句內容的性質,strange/ necessary 等后的從句常用虛擬語氣(should + 動詞原形,should 可省略)。
It + be + 名詞 + that 從句 a pity, a fact, a shame, no wonder, an honor It is a pity that you missed the concert. 名詞多為抽象名詞,說明從句內容的屬性。
It + be + 過去分詞 + that 從句 said, reported, believed, known, suggested It is reported that the typhoon will land tomorrow. 過去分詞表被動,多為 “據說 / 據報道” 等固定表達。
It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句 happens, appears, seems, matters It matters that we keep our promise. 不及物動詞多為 “發生 / 似乎 / 重要” 等,從句說明具體內容。
(3)引導詞的特殊用法
if 不可引導句首主語從句:表示 “是否” 時,只能用 whether 置于句首,如:
Whether he will attend the meeting is unclear.(√);
If he will attend the meeting is unclear.(×)。
what 與 that 的區分:what 在從句中需作成分(主 / 賓 / 表),that 不作成分,如:
What surprised us is his decision.(what 作主語);
That he made that decision surprised us.(that 僅連接)。
(4)主謂一致的特殊情況
基本規則:主語從句作主語時,主句謂語動詞通常用單數
that 引導的主語從句
例句:That he passed the exam makes his parents proud.(他通過考試讓父母很驕傲)
解析:that 從句表述單一事實,主句謂語用單數。
連接代詞 / 副詞引導的主語從句
例句:How the team will win the game is still a mystery.(球隊如何獲勝仍是個謎)
解析:從句表達一個整體概念,謂語用單數。
特殊規則:根據從句含義或表語判斷謂語單復數
what 引導的主語從句
當 what 表示單數概念(指代一件事 / 一個事物)時,謂語用單數:
What he said is true.(他說的話是真的)
當 what 表示復數概念(指代多件事 / 多個事物)時,謂語用復數:
What he bought are three books and a pen.(他買的是三本書和一支筆)
當表語為復數時,主句謂語隨表語變化:
What he needs are some new tools.(他需要的是一些新工具)
并列結構作主語從句
由 and 連接兩個并列從句時,若表示兩個獨立概念,謂語用復數:
When the meeting will start and where it will be held are not decided.(會議何時何地召開尚未決定)
若表示同一概念,謂語用單數:
When and how he will arrive is unknown.(他何時及如何到達還不清楚)
高考高頻考點:形式主語 it 后的主謂一致
it 作形式主語時,主句謂語單復數由真正的主語從句決定(通常為單數):
It is important that we study hard.(我們努力學習很重要)
It has been proved that exercise is good for health.(鍛煉有益健康已被證實)
例外情況:當從句含復數含義且表語為復數時,謂語可隨表語變化(罕見):
It are these factors that influence the result.(正是這些因素影響結果)
解析:此句為強調句型變體,需結合語境判斷,高考中極少出現。
易錯點辨析
錯誤例句 正確例句 解析
When they will come are unclear. When they will come is unclear. 從句表單一概念,謂語用單數。
What he said and did is surprising. What he said and did are surprising. 從句含 “說” 和 “做” 兩個動作,表復數含義,謂語用復數。
What I need is some books. What I need are some books. 表語為復數,謂語隨表語用復數。
真題鏈接
(2021 全國甲卷)What matters is not your appearance but your ability.(重要的不是你的外表而是能力)
解析:what 表單數概念,謂語用 is。
(2020 江蘇卷)What he left are some old photos and a letter.(他留下的是一些舊照片和一封信)
解析:what 指代復數物品,謂語用 are。
(5)與強調句的區分
主語從句:
It is unclear what he wants.(it 為形式主語,真正主語是 what 從句)。
強調句:
It is what he wants that matters.(強調句結構,去掉 It is...that 后句子仍完整:What he wants matters.)。
(6)高考真題常見陷阱
語序錯誤:誤將從句用疑問句語序,如:
When will he arrive is unknown.(×)→ When he will arrive is unknown.(√)。
虛擬語氣遺漏:在 It is important that... 句型中,漏用 should,如:
It is important that he works hard.(×)→ It is important that he (should) work hard.(√)。
(7)主語從句練習
I. 語法填空(每空限填 1 詞)
______ he will join the club depends on his parents' attitude.
It is necessary that we ______ (improve) our communication skills.
______ surprised us most was her sudden decision to quit.
It ______ (report) that the new policy will be carried out next month.
The question is ______ the meeting will be postponed.
II. 單句改錯(每句 1 處錯誤)
If she will come to the party is still unknown.
What he said and did were inspiring to all of us.
It is important that a student masters a foreign language.
When will they start the project is not decided yet.
The fact what he won the prize made his family proud.
III. 句型轉換(按要求改寫句子)
That he is always late for class annoys the teacher.(用 it 作形式主語)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
Whether they will sign the contract is under discussion.(改為含形式主語的句子)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
It is said that the singer will hold a concert in our city.(改為直接主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 句子翻譯(根據漢語提示完成句子)
他為什么拒絕這個提議仍然是個謎。(主語從句,why 引導)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
我們需要的是更多的實踐機會。(what 引導主語從句)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
很明顯,他沒有說實話。(it 作形式主語,that 引導)
→ _____________________________________________________________________________________
V. 短文填空(在空白處填入適當的引導詞)
1. ______ we can succeed in the competition depends on two factors: 2. ______ we have prepared fully and 3. ______ we can keep calm under pressure. It is believed 4. ______ teamwork plays a key role. Some members suggest 5. ______ we should have a final discussion tonight. However, 6. ______ will attend the discussion remains unclear. 7. ______ is certain is that we must make every effort to achieve our goal.
答案及解析
I. 語法填空
Whether(主語從句表 “是否”,位于句首用 whether)
(should) improve(It is necessary that... 從句用虛擬語氣)
What(從句缺主語,表 “…… 的事情” 用 what)
is reported(It is reported that... 為固定句型)
whether(表語從句表 “是否”,用 whether)
II. 單句改錯
If→Whether(句首主語從句表 “是否” 用 whether)
were→was(what 引導的從句表單數概念,謂語用單數)
masters→(should) master(It is important that... 從句用虛擬語氣)
will they start→they will start(主語從句用陳述句語序)
what→that(同位語從句解釋 fact 的內容,用 that)
III. 句型轉換
It annoys the teacher that he is always late for class.(it 作形式主語,that 從句為真正主語)
It is under discussion whether they will sign the contract.(it 作形式主語)
That the singer will hold a concert in our city is said.(直接用 that 從句作主語)
IV. 句子翻譯
Why he refused the offer remains a mystery.(why 引導主語從句)
What we need are more practical chances.(what 引導主語從句,表語為復數,謂語用 are)
It is obvious that he didn't tell the truth.(it 作形式主語)
V. 短文填空
Whether(表 “是否”,引導主語從句)
whether(表 “是否”,與下文并列)
how(表 “如何”,作方式狀語)
that(It is believed that... 固定句型)
that(賓語從句,that 可省略)
who(表 “誰”,引導主語從句)
What(表 “…… 的事情”,引導主語從句)
2. 賓語從句
(一)核心用法詳解
作動詞賓語
基本結構:
及物動詞 + 賓語從句(that 可省略,但若從句含兩個及以上并列句,第二個 that 不可省)
例句:
She said (that) she would come and that she would bring a gift.
她說明天會來,還會帶禮物。
時態呼應規則:
主句為現在時 / 將來時,從句時態根據實際情況而定:
He thinks we will finish the task by Friday.(他認為我們周五前能完成任務)
主句為過去時,從句用相應過去時態(客觀真理 / 事實除外):
She told me she had seen the movie before.(她告訴我她之前看過這部電影)
The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.(客觀真理用一般現在時)
否定前移:主句謂語為 think/believe/suppose 等時,從句否定需移至主句:
誤:I think he won’t agree.
正:I don’t think he will agree.(我認為他不會同意)
作介詞賓語
常見介詞:
about, of, in, on, without 等(except/but/in 后可接 that 引導的從句)
例句:
He is worried about whether he can pass the exam.
他擔心能否通過考試。
I know nothing about him except that he is from London.
除了知道他來自倫敦,我對他一無所知。
禁忌:
介詞后不可用 if 表 “是否”,需用 whether;不可直接接 that(except/but/in 除外):
誤:We talked about if we should go.
正:We talked about whether we should go.
作形容詞的賓語從句
基本概念:
部分形容詞后可接賓語從句,說明形容詞所描述的心理狀態、情感或觀點的具體內容。這類形容詞多表達 “確信、擔憂、遺憾、高興” 等情感,從句由 that, whether, if 或連接代詞 / 副詞引導。
常見形容詞及例句:
形容詞 含義 例句
sure 確信的 I am sure that he will keep his promise.(我確信他會信守承諾)
afraid 擔心的 She is afraid that she will miss the train.(她擔心會錯過火車)
sorry 抱歉的 I'm sorry that I forgot your birthday.(抱歉我忘了你的生日)
glad 高興的 We are glad that you can join us.(很高興你能加入我們)
certain 確定的 He is certain whether the plan will work.(他不確定計劃是否可行)
surprised 驚訝的 They were surprised what he said at the meeting.(他們對他在會上說的話感到驚訝)
形式賓語 it
適用場景:當賓語從句后有賓語補足語時,用 it 作形式賓語,避免句子結構失衡
句型:主語 + 動詞(find/think/make/consider 等) + it + 賓補(adj./n.) + that 從句
例句:
I find it necessary that we practice speaking English daily.(我發現每天練習說英語很有必要)
We consider it a pity that she missed the lecture.(我們認為她錯過講座很可惜)
(二)引導詞用法:
that:最常用,可省略,表達肯定的情感或事實,如:
I'm proud (that) my son won the prize.
whether/if:表 “是否”,用于不確定的情感,如:
She is worried whether she can pass the test.
(不可用 if 替換 whether,因與 or not 連用時需用 whether,但單純表 “是否” 時可換)
連接代詞 / 副詞:根據句意表達具體疑問,如:
I'm not sure how he solved the problem.
(三)高考易錯點警示
語序錯誤:賓語從句需用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后)
誤:He asked where was the nearest bank.
正:He asked where the nearest bank was.(他問最近的銀行在哪里)
虛擬語氣遺漏:在表示 “建議 / 命令 / 要求” 的動詞(suggest/demand/order/insist 等)后,賓語從句用 “(should)+ 動詞原形”
例句:
The manager suggested that we (should) hold a meeting tomorrow.
經理建議我們明天開會。
if 與 whether 混淆:whether 可與 or not 連用,if 不可;whether 可接不定式,if 不可
例句:
I haven’t decided whether to go or not.(正確)
I haven’t decided if to go or not.(錯誤)
作形容詞賓語時的引導詞誤用:在 “be + 形容詞” 結構后,表 “是否” 時雖可用 if,但正式語境中更傾向用 whether,尤其是與 or not 連用時必須用 whether,如:
I'm not sure whether he will come or not.(正確);
I'm not sure if he will come or not.(錯誤)
(四)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① She wondered ______ she could get a ticket for the concert.
② The teacher insists that we ______ (hand) in our homework on time.
③ We think ______ important that students should take exercise regularly.
④ I'm not sure ______ he will arrive on time.
答案:① whether/if ② (should) hand ③ it ④ whether/if
解析:① 動詞 wondered 后表 “是否”,可用 whether/if;② insist 表 “要求”,從句用虛擬語氣;③ it 作形式賓語,真正賓語是 that 從句;④ 形容詞 sure 后表 “是否”,可用 whether/if。
II. 單句改錯
① He asked me where did I go yesterday.
② I don’t doubt if he will keep his promise.
③ She told me that she has visited the Great Wall twice.
④ They are certain if the project will be completed.
答案:① did I go → I went(陳述句語序);② if → that(doubt 否定句中用 that);③ has → had(主句過去時,從句用過去完成時);④ if → whether(形容詞 certain 后表 “是否”,正式語境用 whether)。
III. 句子翻譯
① 他不確定是否該接受這個挑戰。(whether 引導)
→ He is not sure whether he should accept the challenge.
② 我們發現她能流利說三門語言很令人驚訝。(形式賓語 it)
→ We find it surprising that she can speak three languages fluently.
③ 我很抱歉我沒能參加你的婚禮。(作形容詞的賓語從句)
→ I'm sorry that I couldn't attend your wedding.
IV. 短文填空
Tom wanted to know ______ his father would allow him to join the club. He asked his mother ______ she could help him talk to his father. His mother said she didn’t know ______ his father would agree, but she promised ______ she would try. She was afraid ______ Tom would be disappointed if he couldn’t join. In fact, Tom was worried about ______ he could balance club activities and his studies.
答案:whether/if;if/whether;whether;that;that;whether
解析:前三空表 “是否”,分別位于動詞 know/asked/said 后;第四空 that 無意義,引導賓語從句;第五空形容詞 afraid 后接 that 從句;最后一空介詞 about 后用 whether。
3. 表語從句
(一)核心用法與結構特征
基本構成
表語從句位于系動詞之后,形成 “主語 + 系動詞 + 表語從句” 結構,用于說明主語的性質、狀態或內容。
常見系動詞:be(是)、look(看起來)、seem(似乎)、remain(仍然)、appear(顯得)、sound(聽起來)、turn out(結果是)等。
例句:
Her main concern is whether she can pass the interview.(她最擔心的是能否通過面試)
The result turned out that our team won the championship.(結果是我們隊贏得了冠軍)
核心功能
用于解釋主語的具體含義,如:
定義概念:A dictionary is what helps us look up new words.(字典是幫助我們查生詞的工具)
說明原因 / 結果:His anger is that he was cheated by his partner.(他生氣是因為被搭檔欺騙了)
(二)引導詞分類及用法
引導詞類型 典型引導詞 用法說明 例句
連接詞 that, whether that 無意義,不省略;whether 表 “是否”,不可用 if 替換 The fact is that he lied. 事實是他撒謊了; The question is whether we should go. 問題是我們是否該走。
連接代詞 what, who, which, whose 在從句中作主語、賓語或定語,表達具體指代內容 The winner is who finishes first.(獲勝者是第一個完成的人); I don’t know whose book this is.(我不知道這是誰的書)
連接副詞 when, where, why, how 在從句中作狀語,表時間、地點、原因或方式 That is where we met for the first time.(那是我們第一次見面的地方); The problem is how we can reduce costs.(問題是我們如何降低成本)
特殊引導詞 as if/as though, because as if/as though 表 “好像”,可接虛擬語氣;because 表原因(主語多為 it/ this /that) She acts as if she were a princess.(她表現得像個公主); It is because you didn’t keep your promise.(那是因為你沒信守承諾)
(三)高頻句型與固定搭配
The reason why... is that...(…… 的原因是……)
例句:
The reason why he resigned is that he couldn’t stand the pressure.
他辭職的原因是無法承受壓力。
【易錯點】reason 后必須用 that 引導表語從句,不可用 because。
This/That is why...(這 / 那就是…… 的原因)(表結果)
例句:
He overslept. That is why he missed the flight.
他睡過頭了,這就是錯過航班的原因。
This/That/It is because...(這 / 那 / 那是因為……)(表原因)
用法解析:
該句型中 because 引導表語從句,專門用于說明前文所述情況的原因,主語通常為 this/that/it(指代前文提到的事情),從句需用陳述句語序。
主語使用區別:
this/that 指代具體的人或事,如:She was late. That is because she got stuck in traffic.(她遲到了,那是因為堵車了)
it 為形式主語,不具體指代某事物,僅用于引出原因,如:It is because you lack experience that you failed.(你失敗是因為缺乏經驗)
與 because 引導原因狀語從句的區別:
表語從句中的 because 強調 “前文情況的原因”,而原因狀語從句中的 because 強調 “導致主句結果的原因”,如:He stayed at home because he was ill.(原因狀語從句,強調生病導致居家);He stayed at home. That is because he was ill.(表語從句,強調居家的原因是生?。?br/>高考常見語境:
多用于回答 why 引導的問句或解釋前文現象,如:
—Why did he refuse the offer —That is because he had other plans.
— 他為什么拒絕這個提議?— 那是因為他有其他計劃。
It seems/looks as if...(看起來好像……)
例句:
It looks as if the concert will be cancelled.(看起來這場音樂會要取消了)
(四)虛擬語氣專項解析
as if/as though 引導的虛擬語氣
適用場景:描述與事實相反的假設時,從句用虛擬語氣;描述真實情況時用陳述語氣。
時態規則:
假設類型 從句謂語形式 例句
與現在事實相反 過去時(be 動詞用 were) He talks as if he knew all the secrets.(他說話好像知道所有秘密似的)
與過去事實相反 過去完成時(had + 過去分詞) She cried as if she had been hurt deeply.(她哭起來好像受了重傷似的)
與將來事實相反 would/might + 動詞原形 It seems as if it would rain cats and dogs.(好像要下傾盆大雨了)
建議 / 命令類表語從句
當主語為 suggestion, advice, order 等名詞時,表語從句用 “(should) + 動詞原形”:
My suggestion is that we (should) start planning now.
我的建議是現在就開始計劃。
The order is that all tasks (should) be completed by Friday.
命令是所有任務周五前完成。
(五)高考易錯點警示
引導詞誤用
表語從句中表 “是否” 只能用 whether,不能用 if:
誤:The doubt is if he will come.
正:The doubt is whether he will come.
reason 后接表語從句用 that,不用 because:
誤:The reason for his absence is because he was ill.
正:The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
語序錯誤
表語從句需用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后):
誤:The question is how can we solve this problem.
正:The question is how we can solve this problem.
虛擬語氣時態錯誤
描述與過去事實相反的情況時,需用過去完成時:
誤:She looks as if she saw a ghost.
正:She looks as if she had seen a ghost.
(五)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① She behaves as if she ______ (be) the boss.(實際她不是)
② My suggestion is that we ______ (start) early tomorrow.
③ It looks as if it ______ (rain) last night.(實際沒下)
答案:① were ② (should) start ③ had rained
解析:① 與現在事實相反,be 動詞用 were;② 建議類表語從句,用 (should) start;③ 與過去事實相反,用過去完成時。
II. 單句改錯
① It seems as if he will know the answer.(實際他不知道)
② The order is that all students must attend the lecture.
③ The reason why she left is because she felt lonely.
答案:① will know→knew(與現在事實相反,用過去時);② must→(should)(命令類虛擬語氣);③ because→that(reason 后用 that)。
III. 句子翻譯
① 他看起來好像多年沒見她了。(as if,與過去事實相反)
→ He looks as if he hadn’t seen her for years.
② 我的建議是我們應該立即采取行動。(表語從句,虛擬語氣)
→ My suggestion is that we (should) take action immediately.
③ 她說話的樣子仿佛她什么都懂。(as if,與現在事實相反)
→ She speaks as if she knew everything.
IV. 短文填空
The fact is ______ progress requires effort. It seems ______ some students don’t understand this. My advice is ______ they (should) change their attitude. It looks ______ they would waste time, but the truth is ______ they are afraid of failure. That is ______ they need encouragement.
答案:that;as if;that;as if;that;why
解析:第一、五空用 that 引導表語從句;第二、四空表 “好像”,用 as if;第三空建議類虛擬語氣,用 that;第六空表 “原因”,用 why。
4. 同位語從句
(一)核心特征與構成
基本定義
同位語從句是對其前面的抽象名詞(稱為 “先行詞”)進行解釋說明,說明該名詞的具體內容,二者在邏輯上是 “同等關系”。
常見先行詞:news(消息)、idea(想法)、fact(事實)、promise(承諾)、belief(信念)、doubt(疑問)、hope(希望)、suggestion(建議)、order(命令)、question(問題)等。
例句:
We heard the news that our team had won.(我們聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息)
He expressed his belief that all people are equal.(他表達了所有人都是平等的信念)
結構形式
先行詞 + 引導詞 + 同位語從句(陳述句語序)
注意:
當先行詞后有定語、謂語等成分時,同位語從句可能與先行詞分隔(稱為 “分隔式同位語從句”),避免句子頭重腳輕。
例句:
A saying goes that practice makes perfect.(有句諺語說熟能生巧)
(goes 是謂語,分隔了先行詞 saying 和同位語從句)
(二)引導詞分類及用法
引導詞 用法說明 例句
that 無意義,不充當成分,不可省略(即使在口語中) The fact that he lied to us surprised everyone.(他對我們撒謊的事實讓所有人驚訝)
whether 表 “是否”,不充當成分,不可用 if 替換,常用于 doubt, question 等詞后 There is some doubt whether he will arrive on time.(他是否能準時到還有些疑問)
連接代詞 what, who, which, whose(在從句中作主語、賓語、定語) The question who will lead the project needs to be discussed.(誰來領導這個項目的問題需要討論)
連接副詞 when, where, why, how(在從句中作狀語,表時間、地點、原因、方式) I have no idea when the meeting will start.(我不知道會議什么時候開始)
高考警示:
that 在同位語從句中絕對不可省略,與定語從句中 that 可省略(作賓語時)形成對比。
whether 可接不定式(to do),if 不可,如:He has no idea whether to accept the offer.(他不知道是否接受這個提議)
(三)與定語從句的深層區別
對比維度 同位語從句 定語從句
功能 解釋先行詞的具體內容 (同等關系) 修飾先行詞的性質特征 (修飾關系)
引導詞 that 的作用 無意義,不充當成分,不可省略 有意義(指代先行詞),充當主語 / 賓語,作賓語時可省略
與先行詞的關系 從句 = 先行詞(如:The news that he won = The news: “He won”) 從句 ≠ 先行詞(如:The news that he told me 指 “他告訴我的那個消息”)
典型例句 I got the message that the flight was cancelled.(消息內容是 “航班取消”) I got the message that he sent yesterday.(他昨天發的那個消息)
(四)高考高頻考點
虛擬語氣的使用
當先行詞是 suggestion, advice, order, demand 等表示 “建議、命令、要求” 的名詞時,同位語從句謂語用 “(should) + 動詞原形”。
例句:
The suggestion that we (should) hold a meeting is reasonable.(我們開個會的建議很合理)
He gave an order that all work (should) stop at once.(他下令所有工作立即停止)
分隔式同位語從句的識別
當先行詞與從句被謂語、定語等隔開時,需通過邏輯判斷是否為同位語從句(解釋內容)。
例句:
Evidence came up that the suspect had been in the city.(有證據表明嫌疑人曾在這座城市)
(came up 是謂語,隔開了先行詞 evidence 和從句)
(五)專項練習及解析
I. 語法填空
① We were excited at the news ______ our team had won the championship.
② There is no doubt ______ he will keep his promise.
③ The question ______ should be responsible for the accident remains unanswered.
答案:① that ② that ③ who
解析:① news 后用 that 解釋內容;② “There is no doubt that...” 為固定句型;③ 從句缺主語,表 “誰” 用 who。
II. 單句改錯
① The fact if he succeeded surprised us all.
② He made a promise what he would help us.
③ The suggestion which we should start early was accepted.
答案:① if→that(同位語從句表事實用 that);② what→that(promise 后用 that 解釋內容);③ which→that(suggestion 后同位語從句用 that)。
III. 句子翻譯
① 他提出了我們應該立即采取行動的建議。(suggestion + 同位語從句)
→ He put forward the suggestion that we (should) take action immediately.
② 我不知道她為什么拒絕了這個邀請。(idea + 同位語從句)
→ I have no idea why she refused the invitation.
IV. 短文填空
The teacher announced the news ______ the exam would be postponed. This was a great relief to students, most of whom had the belief ______ they needed more time to prepare. However, there was some doubt ______ the delay would cause new problems.
答案:that;that;whether
解析:第一空 news 后用 that 解釋內容;第二空 belief 后用 that 說明信念;第三空 doubt 后表 “是否” 用 whether。
四、高頻考點與易錯點
1. 語序問題
名詞性從句必須用陳述句語序(主語在前,謂語在后)
例句:Do you know when he will come (正確)
Do you know when will he come (錯誤)
2. 虛擬語氣
在表示 “建議、命令、要求” 的名詞性從句中,謂語用 “(should) + 動詞原形”
例句:He suggested that we (should) leave early.(他建議我們早走)
My advice is that he (should) study hard.
3. 主謂一致
主語從句作主語,謂語一般用單數;what 引導的主語從句,謂語單復數由從句或表語決定
例句:What he said is true.(單數)
What he gave me are books.(表語 books 為復數,謂語用復數)
易錯點練習
找出錯誤并改正:
I don't know if he will come or not.
The reason why he failed is because he was careless.
It is important that we will finish the work.
答案解析:
if → whether(與 or not 連用用 whether)
because → that(The reason why... is that... 為固定句型)
will finish → (should) finish(important 后的主語從句用虛擬語氣)
五、知識點總結
引導詞辨析:that 無意義不充當成分;what/which/who 等作成分;whether 表 “是否”(句首 / 介詞后 / 與 or not 連用)。
語序:所有名詞性從句用陳述句語序。
虛擬語氣:suggestion/order 等詞后的同位語從句及表語從句用 “(should)+ 動詞原形”。
形式主語 / 賓語:it 可代替 that 從句作形式主語 / 賓語,避免頭重腳輕。
與定語從句區別:同位語從句解釋內容(that 不充當成分),定語從句修飾名詞(that 充當成分)。
六、實戰演練
(一)基礎題(共 20 題)
I. 語法填空(10 題)
______ he will come or not depends on the weather.
It is strange ______ she didn’t attend the meeting.
I don’t know ______ he did it for.
The news ______ our team won the game excited everyone.
The problem is ______ we can get enough money.
She made a promise ______ she would help us.
______ caused the accident is still a mystery.
I think ______ necessary that we practice English every day.
The question ______ should be responsible has not been decided.
His suggestion ______ we should start early is reasonable.
答案:1. Whether 2. that 3. what 4. that 5. whether 6. that 7. What 8. it 9. who 10. that
解析:
主語從句表 “是否”,位于句首用 Whether;
It 作形式主語,真正主語是 that 引導的從句;
賓語從句中缺賓語,表 “什么” 用 what;
同位語從句解釋 news 的內容,用 that;
表語從句表 “是否” 用 whether;
同位語從句解釋 promise 的內容,用 that;
主語從句缺主語,表 “什么” 用 What;
it 作形式賓語,真正賓語是 that 從句;
同位語從句缺主語,表 “誰” 用 who;
同位語從句解釋 suggestion 的內容,用 that。
II. 單句改錯(10 題)
If he will go there is not clear.
The fact which he told us is true.
I doubt that he can finish the work on time.
The reason why he was late is because he missed the bus.
It is reported when the typhoon will land tomorrow.
She asked me where is the nearest bank.
My idea is that we must finish the task today.
There is no doubt whether he is honest.
He made a promise what he would come.
The question is if we should accept the offer.
答案:
1. If→Whether 2. which→that 3. that→whether 4. because→that 5. when→that
6. is the nearest bank→the nearest bank is 7. must→(should) 8. whether→that 9. what→that 10. if→whether
解析:
句首主語從句表 “是否” 用 Whether;
定語從句中 that 作 told 的賓語,which 改為 that;
doubt 肯定句中用 whether 表 “是否”;
reason 后表語從句用 that;
主語從句表事實,用 that;
賓語從句用陳述句語序;
表語從句表建議,用 (should)+ 動詞原形;
“There is no doubt that...” 為固定句型;
同位語從句用 that;
表語從句表 “是否” 用 whether。
(二)高考真題(共 18 題)
1.(2025 北京卷)The truth, though, is ______ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here.
答案:what
解析:此處為表語從句,從句中缺少主語,需要指代 “可被猜測的內容”,what 在名詞性從句中可作主語,且能指代具體內容,故填 what。
2.(2025 全國二卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me ______ this one — and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area.
答案:for what
解析:句中 “prepared me” 后需接介詞 for,構成 “prepare sb. for sth.” 結構;此處 sth. 為賓語從句,從句缺主語,表 “這樣的情況”,用 what 引導,故填 for what。
3.(2024 全國甲卷)How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______ is now northwestern Wyoming.
答案:what
解析:介詞 in 后接賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,需表達 “…… 的地方”,what 可在從句中作主語,指代具體地點所對應的內容,故填 what。
4.(2024 浙江 1 月卷)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ______ they’ll promote.
答案:what
解析:此處為表語從句,從句中 promote 后缺少賓語,需指代 “促銷的內容”,what 可在名詞性從句中作賓語,表具體事物,故填 what。
5.(2023 全國甲卷)______ matters most is not your score but your attitude.
答案:What
解析:此句為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,需表達 “…… 的事情”,what 在主語從句中可作主語,且能指代具體事情,句首首字母大寫,故填 What。
6.(2023 浙江卷)We have learned from the story ______ kindness can bring happiness.
答案:that
解析:此處為賓語從句,從句 “kindness can bring happiness” 結構完整,不缺成分,that 在賓語從句中無意義且不充當成分,故填 that。
7.(2023 天津卷)______ he will attend the party depends on his parents’ permission.
答案:Whether
解析:此句為主語從句,需表達 “是否” 的含義,if 不能用于句首引導主語從句,whether 可用于句首表 “是否”,句首首字母大寫,故填 Whether。
8.(2022 全國甲卷)The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew ______ to settle it.
答案:how
解析:此處為 “疑問詞 + 不定式” 結構,相當于賓語從句的簡化形式,需表達 “如何解決”,how 表方式,故填 how。
9.(2022 全國乙卷)I wonder ______ we can solve this problem without their help.
答案:if/whether
解析:此處為賓語從句,需表達 “是否” 的含義,在及物動詞 wonder 后,可用 if 或 whether 引導賓語從句表 “是否”,故填 if/whether。
10.(2022 天津卷)Mental health involves ______ you process things such as stress and anxiety.
答案:how
解析:此處為賓語從句,從句中缺少方式狀語,需表達 “如何處理”,how 在名詞性從句中可作方式狀語,故填 how。
11.(2022 新高考全國卷 Ⅱ)Cobb, for the party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
答案:if/whether
解析:此處為 ask 后的賓語從句,需表達 “是否能遠程發言”,在及物動詞 ask 后,可用 if 或 whether 引導賓語從句表 “是否”,故填 if/whether。
12.(2021 全國 I 卷)______ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
答案:What
解析:此句為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,需表達 “…… 的事物”,what 在主語從句中可作主語,指代具體事物,句首首字母大寫,故填 What。
13.(2021 北京卷)The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal.
答案:when
解析:此處為表語從句,從句中缺少時間狀語,需表達 “…… 的時候”,when 在名詞性從句中可作時間狀語,故填 when。
14.(2021 天津卷)What puzzles Lily's friends is ______ she always has so many crazy ideas.
答案:why
解析:此處為表語從句,從句中缺少原因狀語,需表達 “…… 的原因”,why 在名詞性從句中可作原因狀語,故填 why。
15.(2020 全國 I 卷)The fact ______ he is a famous scientist is known to us all.
答案:that
解析:此處為同位語從句,用于解釋 fact 的具體內容,從句結構完整,不缺成分,that 在同位語從句中無意義且不充當成分,故填 that。
16.(2020 浙江卷)Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ______ could be hunted.
答案:what
解析:介詞 on 后接賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,需指代 “可捕獵的東西”,what 在賓語從句中可作主語,表具體事物,故填 what。
17.(2020 天津卷)It is important ______ we should respect the elderly.
答案:that
解析:此處 it 為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的從句,從句 “we should respect the elderly” 結構完整,不缺成分,that 在主語從句中無意義且不充當成分,故填 that。
18.(真題模擬題)______ surprised us most was not what he said but the way ______ he said it.
答案:What;that
解析:第一空為主語從句,從句中缺少主語,表 “…… 的事情”,用 What;第二空為定語從句,先行詞是 the way,定語從句中關系詞可用 that/in which / 不填,此處填 that。
(三)模擬題(共 20 題)
I. 短文填空(10 題)
Many people hold the belief ______ money can bring happiness. However, the truth is ______ happiness doesn’t depend on wealth. ______ we need is love and care from others. There is no doubt ______ kindness is more important than money. Some people question ______ we can live a happy life without money. The answer is ______ it is possible if we have a positive attitude. The suggestion ______ we should help each other is worth considering. ______ makes life meaningful is not what we get but what we give. It is a pity ______ some people don’t realize this. We should remember the fact ______ true happiness comes from within.
答案:that; that; What; that; whether; that; that; What; that; that
解析:均為名詞性從句,其中第 3、8 空為主語從句,缺主語用 What;其余多為同位語從句或表語從句,用 that;第 5 空表 “是否” 用 whether。
II. 句子翻譯(10 題)
他是否會接受這個邀請還不確定。(主語從句)
→ Whether he will accept the invitation is uncertain.
我們相信他能按時完成工作。(賓語從句)
→ We believe that he can finish the work on time.
問題是我們如何籌集足夠的資金。(表語從句)
→ The problem is how we can raise enough money.
他做出了一個他將努力學習的承諾。(同位語從句)
→ He made a promise that he would study hard.
眾所周知,練習是提高英語的關鍵。(it 作形式主語)
→ It is known to all that practice is the key to improving English.
我不確定他明天是否會來。(賓語從句)
→ I am not sure whether he will come tomorrow.
他成功的原因是他很努力。(表語從句)
→ The reason why he succeeded is that he worked hard.
我們得到消息說會議將被推遲。(同位語從句)
→ We got the news that the meeting would be postponed.
無論誰違反規則都將受到懲罰。(主語從句)
→ Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.
我覺得有必要每天練習口語。(it 作形式賓語)
→ I find it necessary to practice speaking every day.

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