資源簡介

限制性定語從句(1)
語法規(guī)律：
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
2.The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1.以上定語從句由關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)，修飾名詞或代詞，置于被修飾詞的 。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可以作 。
2.關(guān)系代詞 可以代指人，關(guān)系代詞 可以代指物，而關(guān)系代詞 不能單獨(dú)使用，只能作定語。
語法精講：
一、定語的概念
定語：修飾、限定名詞或代詞的成分，常翻譯為“……的”。
常見作定語的詞：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語和定語從句等。
Mary is a beautiful girl.(形容詞作定語)
Mary is a girl with long hair.(介詞短語作后置定語)
Mary is a girl who has long hair.(句子作定語，修飾girl, 叫作定語從句)
二、定語從句的定義與分類
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
定語從句分類
限制性定語從句 主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去
非限制性定語從句 主句與從句之間用逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整
I’d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.(限制性定語從句)
我真的很想找一個(gè)可以完全信任的朋友。
The children，who were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hospital now.(非限制性定語從句)
在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。
三、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.who的用法：who指人，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有個(gè)女孩兒想見你。
2.whom的用法：whom指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略，此時(shí)也可用who代替。
The old man (who/whom) you saw yesterday is a thinker.
你昨天見到的那位老人是位思想家。
3.whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格。它可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“the＋名詞＋of which/whom”和“of which/whom＋the＋名詞”的形式。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.
這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
＝Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①The girl graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
②This is the person t you should thank for helping your son.
③Any student family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
④I like those books topics are about history.
4.that和which的用法
(1)which指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它們在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，which和that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
請找一間足夠大能住下我們所有人的房間。
This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.
這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。
This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.
這就是我們近日來一直在找的小偷。
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①I still keep the letter ( ) she wrote to me.
②Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries.
③Do you still remember the chicken farm ( ) we visited three months ago
④The film ( ) you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
(2)在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不用which的情況。
a.當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, few, none, anything, something，everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。
Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside
能不能給我點(diǎn)兒里面沒有糖的東西？
b.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。
This is the first two－storey bus that runs in our city.
這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。
c.當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the right等修飾時(shí)。
This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.
這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍巾。
d.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
(3)句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代詞相同的疑問詞時(shí)，應(yīng)避免重復(fù)。
Which is the car that has overtaken us
哪輛車超過我們了？
補(bǔ)全句子
①Guilin is the most beautiful city .
桂林是我游覽過的最美麗的城市。
②She took photographs of the things and people .
她把她感興趣的物和人都拍攝了下來。
③Writing was interested her.
寫作是她唯一感興趣的事。
(4)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which而不用that的情況。
a.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
The house，which has a history of 500 years, is very famous.　這座房子有500年的歷史，非常有名。
b.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中
I found a tree, in which there was a bird.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一棵樹，樹上有一只鳥。
5.as的用法
關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語。
(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句
當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, the same修飾，同時(shí)定語從句缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞as，即such/so...as, the same...as...。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡單英語說話。
The result is not the same as they had expected.
結(jié)果與他們預(yù)期的不一樣。
點(diǎn)津：
such/the same...as...與 such/the same...that...
I have the same book as he is reading.
我有一本書，與他正在看的那一本相同。(兩本書)
I borrowed the same book that he did last week.
我借了一本書，就是他上周借的那一本。(一本書)
(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句及其與which的用法辨析
as和which均可作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等， 指代說明前面整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換。
He saw the girl，as/which he had hoped.
正如他所希望的那樣，他看見了那個(gè)女孩。/他看見了那個(gè)女孩，這正是他所希望的。
a.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句之后，而as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句較靈活，可以置于主句之后、之前或句中。
He studies hard，as anybody can see.
任何人都能看到，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
我們都知道，吸煙對一個(gè)人的健康是有害的。
The TV play A Native of Beijing in New York，as you have watched, will be shown again.
你看過的電視劇《北京人在紐約》將再次上映。
b.which ?？稍诙ㄕZ從句中做某些實(shí)義動詞的主語，此時(shí)它引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間往往存在并列或因果關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于and this/that連接的并列句或so 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
They completed the work, which (and that) took them a week.
他們完成了工作，這項(xiàng)工作花了一個(gè)星期的時(shí)間。
The girl didn’t go home until twelve o’clock，which worried her parents.(＝...so her parents were worried.)
這個(gè)女孩直到12點(diǎn)才回家，這讓她的父母很擔(dān)心。
c.as含“正如……，象……一樣”之意。
He passed the exam, which his parents had expected.(側(cè)重表示主句陳述的事實(shí)與從句的期望相符。)
他通過了考試，這正是他父母所期望的。
He passed the exam, as his parents had expected.(強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的內(nèi)容變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。)
正如他父母所期望的那樣，他通過了考試。
用as或which填空
①We have never heard such interesting stories the teacher told us.
②He lives in the same building I live in.
③The sun warms the earth, makes it possible for plants to grow.
④They went there by bus, saved them about ten minutes.
⑤ is well known, the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.
四、使用定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)
1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那個(gè)手提箱是她的。
點(diǎn)津：“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the only one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班男生中唯一一個(gè)學(xué)過法語的。
2.關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.
練習(xí)：
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.The earthquake hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest earthquakes in American history.
2.We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster.
3.Jake used to be a brave boy ( ) his teachers always praised.
4.She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
5.Hank is the boy father is a famous writer.
6.All we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.
7.Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
8.I don’t know the persons and the things they are talking about.
9.My father bought a new bike for me price was more than 1，000 yuan.
10.The boy and the dog are described in the picture are very lovely.
Ⅱ.將下列句子升級為含定語從句的復(fù)合句
1.We are going to interview the writer.His new novel has been well received by the public.
→We are going to interview the writer .
2.The washing machine is out of order.Mrs.Green bought the washing machine a month ago.
→The washing machine is out of order.
3.The police are looking for the little girl.The little girl got lost yesterday.
→The police are looking for the little girl .
4.The girl is making a speech under the national flag.The girl is our monitor.
→The girl is our monitor.
5.They visited Peter yesterday.Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident.
→They visited Peter yesterday .
6.I value the cell phone.My aunt gave me the cell phone as my birthday gift last weekend.
→I value the cell phone last weekend.
Ⅲ.語法填空
Lucy 1. paintings were shown at the exhibition last week is a model student 2. is often praised for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture
3 was hung on the wall in front of us.The lovely deer 4. was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real deer.The old man 5. was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 6. I had ever seen and Lucy is the best young painter 7. I have ever heard of.However，you will be quite mistaken if you think that Lucy was born a good painter.One of her teachers told me that it had taken Lucy thousands of hours to learn and practice drawing until she became the best young painter 8. has ever been heard of in her hometown.限制性定語從句(1)
語法規(guī)律：
1.Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that/which even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing.
2.The number of people who/that were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
3.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5.The man (whom/who/that) I have to phone lives in Canada.
規(guī)律總結(jié)：
1.以上定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who，whom，which，that，whose引導(dǎo)，修飾名詞或代詞，置于被修飾詞的后面。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中可以作主語、賓語或定語。
2.關(guān)系代詞who，whom，that可以代指人，關(guān)系代詞which，that可以代指物，而關(guān)系代詞whose不能單獨(dú)使用，只能作定語。
語法精講：
一、定語的概念
定語：修飾、限定名詞或代詞的成分，常翻譯為“……的”。
常見作定語的詞：形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語和定語從句等。
Mary is a beautiful girl.(形容詞作定語)
Mary is a girl with long hair.(介詞短語作后置定語)
Mary is a girl who has long hair.(句子作定語，修飾girl, 叫作定語從句)
二、定語從句的定義與分類
在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
定語從句分類
限制性定語從句 主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去
非限制性定語從句 主句與從句之間用逗號分開，起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整
I’d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.(限制性定語從句)
我真的很想找一個(gè)可以完全信任的朋友。
The children，who were injured in a car accident，are being treated in the hospital now.(非限制性定語從句)
在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。
三、關(guān)系代詞的用法
1.who的用法：who指人，在從句中可作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。
There is a girl who wants to see you.
有個(gè)女孩兒想見你。
2.whom的用法：whom指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略，此時(shí)也可用who代替。
The old man (who/whom) you saw yesterday is a thinker.
你昨天見到的那位老人是位思想家。
3.whose的用法：whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語，相當(dāng)于所修飾成分的前置所有格。它可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“the＋名詞＋of which/whom”和“of which/whom＋the＋名詞”的形式。
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.
＝This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.
這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
＝Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①The girl who/that graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
②This is the person who/whom/that you should thank for helping your son.
③Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
④I like those books whose topics are about history.
4.that和which的用法
(1)which指物，that 既可指人也可指物；它們在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，which和that在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略。
Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
請找一間足夠大能住下我們所有人的房間。
This is the house (which/that) we bought last month.
這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。
This is the thief (that) we have been looking for these days.
這就是我們近日來一直在找的小偷。
用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
①I still keep the letter (that/which) she wrote to me.
②Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries.
③Do you still remember the chicken farm (that/which) we visited three months ago
④The film (that/which) you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.
(2)在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用that而不用which的情況。
a.當(dāng)先行詞是all, little, few, none, anything, something，everything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。
Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside
能不能給我點(diǎn)兒里面沒有糖的東西？
b.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。
This is the first two－storey bus that runs in our city.
這是第一輛運(yùn)行于我市的雙層公交車。
c.當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the right等修飾時(shí)。
This is the very scarf that mother has been looking for.
這就是媽媽一直在找的那條圍巾。
d.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
We often talk about the persons and things that we remember.
我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。
(3)句中其他位置已出現(xiàn)與關(guān)系代詞相同的疑問詞時(shí)，應(yīng)避免重復(fù)。
Which is the car that has overtaken us
哪輛車超過我們了？
補(bǔ)全句子
①Guilin is the most beautiful city that__I__have__ever__visited.
桂林是我游覽過的最美麗的城市。
②She took photographs of the things and people that__she__was__interested__in.
她把她感興趣的物和人都拍攝了下來。
③Writing was the__only__thing__that interested her.
寫作是她唯一感興趣的事。
(4)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只能用which而不用that的情況。
a.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句
The house，which has a history of 500 years, is very famous.　這座房子有500年的歷史，非常有名。
b.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中
I found a tree, in which there was a bird.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一棵樹，樹上有一只鳥。
5.as的用法
關(guān)系代詞as既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語。
(1)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句
當(dāng)先行詞前有such, so, the same修飾，同時(shí)定語從句缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞as，即such/so...as, the same...as...。
They talked in such simple English as children could understand.
他們用孩子們能聽懂的簡單英語說話。
The result is not the same as they had expected.
結(jié)果與他們預(yù)期的不一樣。
點(diǎn)津：
such/the same...as...與 such/the same...that...
I have the same book as he is reading.
我有一本書，與他正在看的那一本相同。(兩本書)
I borrowed the same book that he did last week.
我借了一本書，就是他上周借的那一本。(一本書)
(2)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句及其與which的用法辨析
as和which均可作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等， 指代說明前面整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)可以互換。
He saw the girl，as/which he had hoped.
正如他所希望的那樣，他看見了那個(gè)女孩。/他看見了那個(gè)女孩，這正是他所希望的。
a.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句之后，而as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句較靈活，可以置于主句之后、之前或句中。
He studies hard，as anybody can see.
任何人都能看到，他努力學(xué)習(xí)。
As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
我們都知道，吸煙對一個(gè)人的健康是有害的。
The TV play A Native of Beijing in New York，as you have watched, will be shown again.
你看過的電視劇《北京人在紐約》將再次上映。
b.which ?？稍诙ㄕZ從句中做某些實(shí)義動詞的主語，此時(shí)它引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間往往存在并列或因果關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于and this/that連接的并列句或so 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
They completed the work, which (and that) took them a week.
他們完成了工作，這項(xiàng)工作花了一個(gè)星期的時(shí)間。
The girl didn’t go home until twelve o’clock，which worried her parents.(＝...so her parents were worried.)
這個(gè)女孩直到12點(diǎn)才回家，這讓她的父母很擔(dān)心。
c.as含“正如……，象……一樣”之意。
He passed the exam, which his parents had expected.(側(cè)重表示主句陳述的事實(shí)與從句的期望相符。)
他通過了考試，這正是他父母所期望的。
He passed the exam, as his parents had expected.(強(qiáng)調(diào)從句的內(nèi)容變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。)
正如他父母所期望的那樣，他通過了考試。
用as或which填空
①We have never heard such interesting stories as the teacher told us.
②He lives in the same building as I live in.
③The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
④They went there by bus, which saved them about ten minutes.
⑤ As is well known, the Great Wall is the longest wall in the world.
四、使用定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)
1.關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞要和先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.
地上放的那個(gè)手提箱是她的。
點(diǎn)津：“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“the only one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作先行詞，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.
這是查爾斯·狄更斯所寫的書的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.
他是我們班男生中唯一一個(gè)學(xué)過法語的。
2.關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。
[譯]昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。
[誤]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.
練習(xí)：
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1.The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was one of the biggest earthquakes in American history.
2.We don’t know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the disaster.
3.Jake used to be a brave boy (that/whom/who) his teachers always praised.
4.She said she would do anything that could help her mother recover from the disease.
5.Hank is the boy whose father is a famous writer.
6.All that we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.
7.Anyone who has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
8.I don’t know the persons and the things that they are talking about.
9.My father bought a new bike for me whose price was more than 1，000 yuan.
10.The boy and the dog that are described in the picture are very lovely.
Ⅱ.將下列句子升級為含定語從句的復(fù)合句
1.We are going to interview the writer.His new novel has been well received by the public.
→We are going to interview the writer whose new novel/the new novel__of__whom__has__been__well__received__by__the__public.
2.The washing machine is out of order.Mrs.Green bought the washing machine a month ago.
→The washing machine (that/which)__Mrs.Green__bought__a__month__ago is out of order.
3.The police are looking for the little girl.The little girl got lost yesterday.
→The police are looking for the little girl that/who__got__lost__yesterday.
4.The girl is making a speech under the national flag.The girl is our monitor.
→The girl who/that__is__making__a__speech__under__the__national__flag is our monitor.
5.They visited Peter yesterday.Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident.
→They visited Peter yesterday whose__leg/the__leg__of__whom__was__injured__in__a__car__accident.
6.I value the cell phone.My aunt gave me the cell phone as my birthday gift last weekend.
→I value the cell phone (that/which) my aunt__gave__me__as__my__birthday__gift last weekend.
Ⅲ.語法填空
Lucy 1.whose paintings were shown at the exhibition last week is a model student 2.who/that is often praised for her good work at school.As soon as we got into the exhibition hall our attention was attracted by a very large picture 3.that/which was hung on the wall in front of us.The lovely deer 4.which/that was drawn in the picture was exactly like a real deer.The old man 5.who/that was riding on it looked like a living man.It was the best picture 6.that I had ever seen and Lucy is the best young painter 7.that I have ever heard of.However，you will be quite mistaken if you think that Lucy was born a good painter.One of her teachers told me that it had taken Lucy thousands of hours to learn and practice drawing until she became the best young painter 8.that has ever been heard of in her hometown.

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