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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
英語學科教師輔導講義
學員編號： 年 級： 課 時 數：3學員姓名： 輔導科目：英語 學科教師：
授課類型 T C 名詞 T
授課日期及時段 ××年××月×× 日 ×：×——×：× 副校長簽字
教學內容
個體名詞 專有名詞 可數名詞 名詞分類 集體名詞 普通名詞 物質名詞 不可數名詞 抽象名詞 可數名詞的規則變化 名詞的數 不規則變化名詞 不可數名詞的數 Of所有格的構成及用法 名詞所有格 ’s所有格的構成及用法 雙重所有格
名詞復數形式的變化規則如下表：
情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞
一般情況 加s 清輔音后讀/s/濁輔音和元音后讀/z/t后讀/ts/d后讀/dz/ Cake-cakesDay-daysStudent-studentsBed-beds
以s, x, sh, ch結尾的詞 加es 讀/iz/ Bus-busesBox-boxesWatch-watchesDish-dishes
以輔音字母加y結尾的詞 變y為i，再加es 讀/z/ City-citiesCountry-countriesLady-ladies
以元音字母加y結尾的詞 加s 讀/z/ Toy-toysMonkey-monkeys
以f(e)結尾的詞 變f(e)為ves 讀/vz/ Leaf-leavesWife-wives
以ce, se, ze, (d)ge等結尾的詞 加s 讀/iz/ Face-facesOrange-oranges
不規則名詞變化：
某國人變復數
記憶口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面。
例如：中國人a Chinese-Chinese 日本人a Japanese-Japanese 英國人an Englishman-an Englishmen
以o結尾的名詞
記憶口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆西紅柿
以輔音字母+o結尾的 多數加es hero-heroes Negro-Negroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes
以元音字母+o結尾的及以o結尾的外來詞匯加s radio-radios zoo-zoos kangroo-kangroos
名詞修飾名詞時，若前面的名詞是man, woman 變復數時。前后兩個名詞全都要變成復數形式；如果是其他詞，變復數時，只需把后面的名詞變成復數形式
例：man teacher- men teachers boy student- boy students
有些以f, ef結尾的單詞直接加s變成復數
Roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs chief-chiefs
單復數同形
Fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese
其他形式
Man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice
不可數名詞的數
（1）表示方法：不可數名詞需要計量時，用“數詞或冠詞+計量名詞+of+不可數名詞”來表示這樣的結構，
例： a piece of paper a drop of water two cups of tea
(2)不少名詞在漢語中是可數的，但在英語里卻不可數，例：
A piece of news a piece of advice a piece of bread a piece of work
A bottle of ink a basket of food a block of ice a pair of glasses/trousers
(1).名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有關系。有兩種表示形式：一種是’s所有格；另一種是of所有格，如：
Beijing is China’s capital.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2).用and鏈接兩個并列的單數名詞表示共有關系，這時只在最后一個名詞后加’s.
This is Mary and her sister’s bedroom.
這是瑪麗和她姐姐的臥室。
用and連接兩個并列名詞，表示分別擁有各自的物品時，兩個名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關系
These are Tom’s and Mary’s bags.
這些是湯姆和瑪麗的包。
（3）.以s結尾的名詞，在s后加“’”；不以s結尾的詞，在詞尾加’s
Children’s Day Teachers’ Day
(4).of 所有格常用來表示無生命的東西
The door of the room 房間的門
(5).雙重所有格的兩種形式
a. of+名詞所有格 b. of+ 名詞性物主代詞
He is a friend of my brother’s. 他是我哥哥的一個朋友。
Is she a daughter of yours 她是你的女兒嗎？
(6).表示店鋪、醫院、診所、住宅等名稱時，常在名詞后加’s代表全稱
At the doctor’s 在診所
(7).一些具有名詞性質的復合不定代詞，如someone everybody等和else連用時，’s應加在else后
Somebody else’s pencil 別人的鉛筆
(8).表示時間、距離、國家、城市等無生命的東西的名詞，也可以在詞尾加’s或’來構成所有格
a.用于時間
an hour’s ride two weeks’time
b.用于度量
thirteen tons’ weight five hundred metres’ distance
中考真題常考名詞
A：activity address advertisement advantage advice attention athlete
B: balance bottom business
C: challenge change chance collection contribution choice competition custom courage
D: decision design difference discussion duty distance description director direction
E: education effort energy experiment expression environment excuse exhibition experience
F: feeling fun
H: habit hobby honour
I: information importance instruction interest invention influence invitation
M/N: mood noise
O: offer opinion organization
P: protection praise patient progress problem promise pride
R: reason relation result report research
S: service shape stranger sight style support suggestion success sense
T: traffic tourist tradition trouble
V: voice visitor value volunteer
第一類
family team audience class
這類詞若視為整體，表示單數意義，則謂語動詞用單數；若考慮其個體成員，表示復數意義則謂語動詞用復數。
例：His family is large. 他的家庭是個大家庭
His family are all waiting for him. 他的家里人都在等他。
第二類
People cattle police
這類詞只有單數形式，卻表示復數意義；因此作主語時謂語用復數；不與a/an連用，但可用the.
例： The police are looking for him.
PS:表示牲畜的頭數，用head;如：5 head(單復數同形) of cattle
第三類
Goods clothes
這類詞只有復數形式（通常不與數詞連用）
例： Such clothes are expensive.
第四類
Baggage/luggage clothing furniture poetry scenery jewelry equipment machinery
這類詞是不可數名詞，只有單數形式（不用不定冠詞，也不能用數詞）
注：machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相應的個體可數名詞是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。
如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首詩 many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 許多機器
第五類
補充幾個?？嫉募厦~除上面提到的四類集合名詞外，以下幾個集合名詞也應重點注意(因為它們也是?？伎键c)：
1. hair(頭發，毛發)
指全部頭發或毛發時，為集合名詞(不可數)；指幾根頭發或毛發時，為個體名詞(可數)。
如：My hair has grown very long. 我的頭發已長得很長了。
The police found two hairs there. 警察在那兒找到了兩根頭發。
2. mankind(人類)
人是一個不可數的集合名詞，不用復數形式，也不連用冠詞。
如：This is an invention that benefits mankind. 這是一項造福人類的發明。
Mankind has its own problems. 人類有自己的問題。
注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(類)”時，雖不可數，但有時卻可以表示復數意義，尤其是當其表語是復數時。
如：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的動物。
3. fruit(水果)
作為集合名詞，它通常是不可數的。
如：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。
He is growing fruit in the country. 他在鄉下種水果。
但是，當要表示種類時，它可視為可數名詞，即a fruit 指一種水果，fruits 指多種水果。
比較：fruits Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一種蔬菜，而不是一種水
將下列單詞變復數
Japanese ________ Frenchman ________ American _________ German ________
potato ________ piano ________ kangaroo ________ apple tree ____________
woman driver _________ bamboo _______ Australian ___________
答案：Japanese, Frenchmen, Americans, Germans, potatoes, pianos, kangaroos,
apple trees, women drivers, bamboos, Australians
變形一 根據詞義填空
In 1998，Liu Xiang’s _____(能力)in hurdling was notices by Sun Haiping.
I am tired. This is not the right ______(時刻)to ask me to go for a walk.
-Hi, Tom. Could you help me cut up the meat for dumpling
-Ok, Mom. But where is the ______(刀)
(4)His favorite _______(樂隊)is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs.
(5)-We have missed the last bus. What shall we do
-I’m afraid we have no ________（機會）but to take a taxi.
答案：ability, time, knife, band, chance
變形二 根據首字母填空
We have no v________ in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages.
-Taking a walk in the evening is a good h______.
-So it is. It keeps us healthy.
(3)-You look worried! What’s your p________
-I have trouble learning English.
(4)He cooks in a restaurant. He is a c________.
(5)He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t e_______ in teaching.
答案：vegetables, habit, problem, cook, experience
鞏固練習
Dave really likes driving. I think being a ______ is just fight for him.
doctor B. teacher C. farmer D. driver
If you can speak English well, you will have a great ____ over others while looking for a job.
Activity B. article C. agreement D. advantage
Could you please take my picture Here is my _____.
Printer B. radio C. player D. camera
–Is this photo taken in Tibet
-Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountains in the _____ of the photo.
A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction
5. Annie has a ____, and she is going to see her dentist today.
A. cold B. fever C. cough D. toothache
6. -How can I get some ____ about the 2016 Olympic Games
-Why not search the Internet
A. information B. experience C. practice D. success
7. There are lots of ____ that students have to follow in school.
A. exercises B. problems C. skills D. rules
8. The Belt and Road Initiative(一帶一路倡議)will help China improve the ____ with those related
countries, especially Pakistan.
A. relationship B. agreement C. environment D. problems
9.-Excuse me, what’s the _____ of the apples
-It’s 10 yuan a kilo.
A. price B. size C.colour D. weight
10. Every time I see the strawberries, the sweet ____ and beautiful color always make my mouth water.
A. voice B. size C. weight D.taste
11. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ____ in American _____.
A. symbol; culture B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture D. symbols; cultures
12. The New York Times is a popular daily _____.
A. dictionary B. magazine C. newspaper 　D. guidebook
13. She says her favorite ____ is English.
A. color B. sport C. subject D.favour
14. Maori people in New Zealand touch ____ when they meet.
A. trees B. noses C. caps D. desks
15.If you work harder, you’ll have another ___ to play the violin at a concert.
A. sleep B. chance C. mistake D. problem
16.Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on ___ Day.
A. Woman B. Women C. Woman’s D. Women’s
17. –Will you fix up the machine according to the ____, David
- No problem.
A. instructions B. inventions C. invitations D. interviews
18. –Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
-Yes. That is the ____ of the beautiful game.
A. question B. luck C. hope D. magic
19. –You may go to Milan for a free trip.
-It’s a very kind _____, but I really can’t accept it.
A. excuse B. offer C. promise D. decision
20. –More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
-That’s true. It has become the ____ of Anhui.
A. pride B. effort C. praise D. courage
21. Our school uniforms are out of _____. We think young people should look smart.
A. luck B. sight C. reach D. fashion
22. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _____.
A. some rice B. a few rice C. a little rices D. a rice
23. –Look at my stamps.
--They are beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful ____.
A. instruction B. description C. collection D. expression
24. More and more people would like to go on vacation abroad. They should remember to be ____ with good manners.
A. visitors B. players C. volunteers D.reporter
25. –David, why are you so excited
-My father has made a ____ that he will take me to Tibet next month.
A. face B. promise C. mistake D.chance
26. Mr White, the principal, has made a great _____ to the growth of the school.
A. contribution B. progress C. invention D. protection
27. I am sure Cindy will be able to find the hotel—she has a pretty good ____ of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
28. Why didn’t Sally play the violin at the concert last night
She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a(n) _____. I saw her play tennis just now.
Matter B. excuse C. result D. expression
29. The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many ____ there.
A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabbit
30. Dear friends, please read every sentence carefully. Details decide ____ or not. If you take it seriously, you’ll achieve your goal!
A. success B. successful C. succeed D.successfully
31.-Could you tell me how to remember new words quickly
-Yes, I think a _____ tree can help you a lot.
A. grammar B. equation C. punctuation D. vocabulary
32.-I have great ____ in learning math and I’m so worried. Could you help me
A. trouble B. interest C. joy D. fun
33.-Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter
-With pleasure. Remember that the letter should be written in the formal ____.
A. value B. style C. effect D. mood
34. The theme park is about ____ ride from the museum. You should start out right now.
A. two hour B. two hour’s C. two hours’ D. two hours
答案：1-5 DDDBD 6-10 ADAAD 11-15 CCCBB 16-20 DACBA 21-25 DACAB
26-30 ADBCA 31-34 DABC
夯實基礎
1. I have two ___ and three bottles of ___here.
A. orange orange B. oranges oranges C. oranges orange D. orange oranges
2. Every evening Mr King takes a ___to his home.
A. 25 minutes ’ walk B. 25 minute’ s walk C. 25 minutes walk D. 25 minute walk
3. An old ___wants to see you.
A. people B. person C. the people D. the person
The girl was washing ___.
A. green B. greens C. greening D.greened
The dam lies in the middle ___of the river.
A. reach B. reaches C. reaching D. reached
6. The police finally ___the thief.
A. corner B. cornered C. cornering D. corners
7. Please remember to give the horse some tree___.
A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave
The___ now is that we have lots of ___to ask.
A. question problem B. problem questions
answer question D. question answer
9. All the ___teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th , because it was their own holiday.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
10. They got much ___ from those books .
A. ideas B. photo C. information D. stories
11. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing ,but the ___of the running water.
A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound
12. There is ___bread on the table.
A. a B. one C. a piece D. many
13. There is no ___that she is honest.
A. problem B. question C. answer D. solve
14. ___is the third month of the year.
A. January B. Feb C. March D. April
15. His brother works for a TV station . He might be a ___.
A. doctor B. shop assistant C. reporter D. waiter
16.What’s in the cupboard？ A few ___, but little___.
A. apples coffee B. coffee apples C. apple coffees D. coffees apples
17. There is good ___ for you . I’ve found your lost watch.
A. news B. ideas C. message D.thoughts
18. Do you like to listen to Mozart
Yes. Listening to ___ is my favorite.
songs B. music C. stories D. news
19. I’m afraid I can’t get there before 9 o’clock. That’s OK. There’s___
A. no way B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry
20. Hi, Tom . Could you help me cut up the meat for dumpling
OK, Mom. But where is the ___
A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks
21. I was not at home when the ___brought the package ,so I’ll have to get it myself at the post office.
A. bus drive B.mail carrier C. police officer D.shopkeeper
22. When we saw Liu Xiang’s face, we knew ___was bad.
A.some news B.a news C.the news D.news
23. If H2 burns in O2, we can get ___.
A. H2 B. H2O C.O2 D.H2O2
24. SARS is a new kind of ___in the world.
A. cancer B. medicine C. cough D. disease
25. There are about 50 ___in our school.
A. women doctor B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. woman workers
26. Daniel spent 4 years playing Harry Potter, one of the most famous_____ in the world.
A. teenagers B. players C. actress D. writers
27. Mom, I’ve got an “A” in the English exam today!
Great! And you are sure to win a second time because this is a good ___.
A. report B. result C. start D. skill
28. His favorite ____is the Beatles and he’s got lots of CDs.
A. film B. singer C. band D. concert
29. It is five years since we began to enjoy a _____spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten-days
30. Taking a walk in the evening is a good _____.
So it is; it keeps us healthy.
A. habit B. hobby C. rule D. favor
31 .John always says that he likes apples of all the _____.
A. vegetables B. fruits C. drinks D. meats
答案：1-5 CABBA 6-10 BBBDC 11-15 DCACC 16-20 AABDA 21-25 BCBDB 26-31ACBAAB
知識結構
考點一 可數名詞復數形式
考點二 不可數名詞復數形式
考點三 名詞所有的格
考點四 名詞詞義辨析
考點四 集合名詞
典例精講
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