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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
初中英語語法：數詞
▲掌握分數、時間、日期的表達法。
【復習要點】
（一）基數詞
基數詞用來表示數目，或者說表示數量的詞叫基數詞。最基本的基數詞如下表所示。
1 one 11 eleven 100 a hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1000 a thousand
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1，000，000 a million
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10，000，000 ten million
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100，000，000 a hundred million
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1，000，000，000 a billion
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten
說明：
1．13—19是由個位數加后綴-teen構成。注意其中13、15的拼寫是thirteen和fifteen。
2．20—90由個位數加后綴-ty構成，注意其中20—50的拼寫分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼寫是eighty。
3．其它非整十的兩位數21—99是由整十位數加連字符“-”，再加個位數構成。如： 81 eighty-one。
4．101—999的基數詞先寫百位數，后加and再寫十位數和個位數。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。
5．1000以上的基數詞先寫千位數，后寫百位數，再加and，最后寫十位數和個位數。
如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。 在基數詞中只有表示“百”、“千”的單位詞，沒有單獨表示“萬”、“億”的單位詞，而是用thousand（千）和million（百萬）來表達，其換算關系為：1萬=10 thousand;1億=100 million; 10億=a thousand million=a billion。
6．多位數的讀法：
1）1000以上的多位數，要使用計數間隔或逗號“，”。即從個位起，每隔三位加一個間隔或逗號。第一個間隔或逗號前是thousand（千），第二個間隔或逗號前是million（百萬），第三個間隔或逗號前是a thousand million或a billion(十億)。
2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101—999。讀的時候十位數（或個位數）的前面一般要加and。如：
888，000，000讀作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。
基數詞的用法：
1. 基數詞在句中的作用
基數詞的作用相當于名詞和形容詞，在句中可作定語、主語、賓語（介賓）、表語、同位語等。
例如：Three and five is eight. 3+5=8 （作表語）How many oranges do you want 你要多少桔子？
I want eight. 我要八個。 （作賓語）There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。（作定語）
2． Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score這些詞前面如有表示具體數字的詞，它們不能加 “s”,反之則須加 “s”, 并要與of短語連用。例如：three hundred people, five thousand years；
thousands of people, hundreds of students, thousands of trees
（二）序數詞
表示順序的詞，叫序數詞。序數詞用來表示數詞順序。除特殊情況外，序數詞一般都由相應的基數詞加后綴-th構成。
請見下表：
第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上
first eleventh twentieth
second twelfth thirtieth
third thirteenth fortieth
fourth fourteenth fiftieth
fifth fifteenth sixtieth
sixth sixteenth seventieth
seventh seventeenth eightieth
eighth eighteenth ninetieth
ninth nineteenth hundredth
tenth thousandth
說明：
1．英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數詞屬特殊形式，要注意它們的拼寫。
2．表示“幾十”的序數詞通常是將基數詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。
3．其余的二位數序數詞是以相應的整十基數詞加個位序數詞。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。
4．少數序數詞拼法不規則，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。
注意：
1．序數詞可縮寫為阿拉伯數字加序數詞最后兩個字母。
例如：
第一：(the) first=1st 第二：(the) second=2nd
第三：(the) third=3rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th
第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97th
第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st
2．編了號的事物要用基數詞表示順序，但是基數詞要后置。
例如： 第一課：Lesson One 第三十二頁：Page 32
第305房間：Room 305 第12路公共汽車：Bus No.12
序數詞的用法
序數詞表順序，主要作定語，其前面須加上定冠詞the，此外，也作主語、賓語、表語和定語等，這時，被它所修飾的名詞往往被省略。如：The first ( person ) to arrive is Kate.
例如：
The first is bigger than the second. （作主語）第一個比第二個大。
Give me the first. （作賓語）把第一個給我。
She’s often the first to go to school. （作表語）她經常第一個去上學。
We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. （作定語）我們將要學習第八課。
（三）分數表達法
先寫基數詞表示分子，后寫序數詞表示分母，如果分子大于1時，分母用復數。如：one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths
（四）小數表達法
小數點前的整數按基數詞的規則表示，小數點寫作point, 小數后的數字應按其數字直接表示出來。如：18.38可寫成：eighteen point three eight。
注意：小數在句中常作定語，尤其在比較方式狀語從句中被使用。如：This stone is 3.5 times heavier than that one.
（五）百分數表達法 （根據學生情況選擇使用）
在數詞后加percent。例如：15%讀作：fifteen percent；60%讀作：sixty percent
（六）表示倍數 （根據學生情況選擇使用）
1）…幾倍大小（長短，數量）=…幾倍（或分數）+the size(length, amount)。
例如：The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.
地球是月球的49倍。
2）…比…幾倍=…倍數（或分數）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than+被比部分。
例如：His house is three times bigger than mine. 他的房子比我的房子大三倍。
3）…是…倍=…倍數（或分數）+as +形容詞+as +被比部分。
例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 這個工廠是那個工廠的四倍。
（七）表示約數 （根據學生情況選擇使用）
1）“多于”用more than或over。
例如：The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 這條街有500多米長。
2）“小于”用less than。
例如：Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。
3）“或…以上”用or more。
例如：The building can hold 5000 people or more.
那座建筑物可容納5000人或5000人以上。
4）“或…以下”用or less。
例如：We can finish the work in two weeks or less.
我們可以在兩周內或不到兩周完成這件工作。
5）“大約”用about, around, nearly等。
例如：The box weighs about 50 pounds. 這箱子重約50鎊。
6）“左右”用or so.
如：In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在過去的十年里，他們改變了許多。
（八）年、月、日和時間的表達法
1．年份用基數詞表達，分兩位一讀，年份前用介詞in。例如：
1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand 2001 two thousand and one
2．月份的第一個字母要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式。例如：
一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月（Apr.）,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Aug.)，九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。
3．日期的表達要用序數詞，讀時前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。
例如：在6月1日：on June 1st 讀作：on June the first.
年、月、日同時表達時，一般應先寫月、日、后寫年。如：在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。
4．年代用基數詞的復數表示。
例如：20世紀90年代：nineteen nineties；21世紀20年代：twenty twenties
5．時間表達法：時間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達。例如：
5：00 five (o’clock) 6：18 six eighteen或 eighteen past six
12：15 twelve fifteen 或fifteen (a quarter) past twelve
4：30 four thirty或 half past four 6：45 six forty-five a quarter to seven
注意：
1）表示整點時間，直接用基數詞表達，后邊可接o’clock (也可不加)。表達“幾點幾分”時，絕不能用o’clock。
2）表達“15分”或“45分”時，常用quarter（刻）。
3）在倒讀法中，如果鐘點不過半，須用“分鐘數+past+鐘點數”的形式；如果鐘點過半，則用“差多少分鐘數+to+全鐘點（下個鐘點數）”的形式。
兩組與數詞有關的介詞短語：
⑴ in+定冠詞the+數詞的復數形式，表示年代。如：in the 1870s或1870’s
⑵ in+物主代詞+數詞的復數形式，表示某人的年齡。如：in one’s thirties。有時在物主代詞后面可加上形容詞early或late使其含義更確切些。如：The young man is at most in his early thirties.
注意：帶有數詞的名詞作定語的表達：a seven-year-old boy，a hundred-metre race
數詞專項練習(一)
( ) 1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12
C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,12
( ) 2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-years-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old
( ) 3. An hour later, _____ minister was sent to see the box by those two men.
A. two B. the second C. the two D. second
( ) 4. Abraham Lincoln was _______ President of the United States
A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th
( ) 5. Do you think there is any room for us ________
A. two B. the two C. second D. the second
( ) 6. ---How many students are there in your class --- ________.
A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties
( ) 7. Which number is wrong _______.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
( ) 8. The People’s Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August
C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 1927
( ) 9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three
B.four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
( ) 10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty
答案：ACBDA CBCBA
數詞專項練習(二)
( )1. Tuesday is the _______ day of a week in English.
A. first B. fifth C. third D. fourth
( )2. There are _______ seasons in a year in our country.
A. two B. four C. second D. fourth
( )3. The game of _______ Olympics will be held in Beijing in 2008.
A. 29 B. the 29th C. the 29 D. 29th
( )4. Most of the stars are much more bigger than the sun. But they are ____ light years away from us.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
( )5. _______ of the surface(表面) of the earth is covered with water.
A. First third B. Two thirds C. One three D. Two three
( )6. There are _______ people in my family. We live on the _______ floor in a tall building.
A. five, six B. fifth, sixth C. fifth, six D. five, sixth
( )7. Boys and girls, we are going to learn _______ today.
A. Four Lesson B. the fourth lesson
C. the Lesson Four D. the Four Lesson
( )8. My lovely daughter is _____.
A. eight years old B. eight-year-old C. eight year old D. eight-years-old
( )9. The flood happened _______.
A. in the summer of 1998 B. in the summer of 1998s
C. in 1998 of the summer D. in 1998s of the summer
( )10. February 28 should be read as _______.
A. February of the 28th B. February of 28
C. 28 of February D. the 28th of February
( )11. --- How soon will you finish your work --- In about _______.
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half
C. one and half a month D. a month and half
( )12. We will have a _______ holiday. What about going to Suzhou
A. five days B. five day C. five-day D. five-days
( )13. We are sure the _______ century will bring us more hopes.
A. twentieth-first B. twentieth-one
C. twenty-one D. twenty-first
( )14. --- What is 1/2 and 1/3 --- It’s _______.
A. 2/5 B. 1/5 C. 5/6 D. 4/6
( )15. At the age of _______, he had his own lab.
A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirtieth D. the thirty
( )16. Five times five is _______.
A. five B. zero C. ten D. twenty-five
( )17. ____are in the army. A. Two their sons B. Their two sons
C. Their sons two D. Two sons their
( )18. My sister is a student of _______.
A. the First Class B. Class One C. One Class D. Class First
( )19. The boy can count from one to _______.
A. hundred B. a hundred C. one hundreds D. hundreds
( )20. Their house is about ___ as big as ours.
A. times three B. three time C. time three D. three times
( )21. --- Would you like some fruit, madam
--- Oh, yes. _______, please.
A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas
C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana
( )22. This building is for a _______.
A. family of three B. three people
C. three peoples family D. three people’s family
( )23. Ten and five is _______.
A. five B. fifty C. fifteen D. two
( )24. There are _______ in a day.
A. 24 hours B. 12 hours C. four hours D. 365 hours
( )25. Look at the table. Tom wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and an ice-cream. How much will he pay
Hamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $ 1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.50
Ice-cream $2.00 Water $0.50 Popcorn $1.00 Large coke $1.00
A. Three dollars and sixty cents.
B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.
C. Five dollars and sixty cents.
D. Two dollars.
初中英語專項練習------數詞部分 參考答案
數詞專項練習(一)
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. A 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D
數詞專項練習(二)
1-5 CBBDB 6-10 DBAAD 11-15 BCDCA
16-20 DBBBD 21-25 BACAC
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