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Unit 3 Celebrations Lesson 1 Spring Festival 被動語態 導學案(含答案)-2025-2026學年高中英語北師大版(2019)必修第一冊

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Unit 3 Celebrations Lesson 1 Spring Festival 被動語態 導學案(含答案)-2025-2026學年高中英語北師大版(2019)必修第一冊

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被動語態
一、被動語態基本知識
1. 概念
語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。語態通常分為主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者,被動語態則表示主語是動作的承受者。
2. 構成
被動語態一般由“助動詞 be + 及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞 be 本身無詞義,但有人稱、數和時態的變化。
3. 用法
(1)講話者不知道動作的執行者或不必說出動作的執行者。(這時可省略 by 短語)
My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行車昨晚被偷了。
(2)借助被動的動作突出動作的承受者。
The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy. 這輛自行車被一個調皮的小男孩撞倒了。
(3)為使句子更加合理、流暢。
The plan was supported by those who wished to live on campus. 這計劃得到希望住在校內的人的支持。
(4)習慣用法的需要。
這類詞常見的有 born、determine、devote、seat、dress、situate 等。
He was born in China in 2014. 他于 2014 年出生在中國。
4. 即學活用
用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
(1)(2019 天津卷) A study shows the students who are engaged (engage) in after - school activities are happier than those who are not. (be engaged in 是固定短語,“參與;從事” )
(2) The lecture will be given (give) by Joe Smith in the lecture hall at 8 o'clock tomorrow morning. (“tomorrow morning” 是將來時標志,lecture 和 give 是被動關系,用一般將來時被動語態 )
(3)These new cars were made (make) in Shanghai in 2014. (“in 2014” 是過去時標志,cars 和 make 是被動關系,用一般過去時被動語態 )
(4) The whole village was washed (wash) away by the flood. (village 和 wash 是被動關系,用一般過去時被動語態 ,描述過去發生的事 )
二、形式
時態 構成形式
一般現在時 am/is/are + done
一般過去時 was/were + done
一般將來時 be going to/will/shall + be done
現在進行時 am/is/are + being done
過去進行時 was/were + being done
將來進行時 shall/will be + being done
現在完成時 have/has + been done
過去完成時 had + been done
將來完成時 shall/will have + been done
過去將來時 would/should + be done
含有情態動詞 情態動詞 + be done
即學活用 用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
(1) The machine was being repaired (repair) at this time yesterday. (“at this time yesterday” 是過去進行時標志,machine 和 repair 是被動關系,用過去進行時被動語態 )
(2) The condition is treated (treat) usually with drugs and a strict diet. (condition 和 treat 是被動關系,一般現在時被動語態 )
(3) The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end. (“in the end” 表將來,efforts 和 reward 是被動關系,用一般將來時被動語態 )
(4)(2019 江蘇卷)Wildlife is threatened (threaten) greatly in the modern age. (wildlife 和 threaten 是被動關系,一般現在時被動語態 )
(5) More trees must be planted (plant) every year to stop the wind. (must 后接動詞原形,trees 和 plant 是被動關系,用 be planted )
(6) Children should be allowed (allow) to choose their clothes. (should 后接動詞原形,children 和 allow 是被動關系,用 be allowed )
三、特殊用法
1. 連系動詞 look、sound、feel、smell、taste、seem、appear、get、grow、keep 等可用主動形式表示被動意義。
She proves very patient and warm - hearted. 她被證明很有耐心而且很熱心。
The whole story sounded very odd. 整個故事聽起來很古怪。
The dish tasted very good. 這道菜嘗起來很不錯。
2. 表示主語的內在特征、性質或狀態的動詞,如 drive、lock、sell、read、wash 等,常用主動形式表示被動含義。
These clothes wash easily. 這些衣服很容易洗。
The door won’t lock. 這扇門鎖不上。(指門本身有毛病)
The door won’t be locked. 這扇門不會被鎖上的。(指不會有人來鎖門)
3. 不定式作定語,與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成動賓關系,且不定式的邏輯主語為主句的主語時,不定式用主動形式表被動含義。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多要做的工作。
4. 不定式修飾作表語和賓語補足語的形容詞時,如 difficult、easy、comfortable、convenient、hard、cheap、expensive 等,不定式用主動形式表被動含義。
Those signs are hard to see clearly. 那些標志很難看清楚。
I find the question difficult to answer. 我發現這個問題很難回答。
5. 動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,相當于動詞不定式的被動式。這類的詞有 need、want、require、deserve 等。
The problem requires studying with great care. = The problem requires to be studied with great care. 這個問題需要被仔細研究。
6. 表示開始、結束、運動的動詞,如 begin、finish、start、open、close、stop、end、run、move 等。
The shop closes at 6 o'clock p.m. every day. 這家商店每天下午六點關門。
7. 不及物動詞無被動語態,容易出錯的有:appear(出現), die(死亡),disappear(消失),end(結束),fail(失敗),fall (跌倒),happen(發生),last(持續),lie(躺),remain(留下),sit(坐),stand(站),等等。
Three days later a rash appeared. 三天后出現了皮疹。
The weather won’t last. 這種天氣持續不了多久。
Very little of the house remained after the fire. 火災之后,這座房子所剩無幾。
8. 有些短語不能用于被動語態:agree with,arrive at,succeed in,happen to,take part in,belong to,break out,come true,take place,run out,come up,come out,等等。
四、語法主題應用
根據所給提示詞,使用被動語態完成下面語段翻譯。
中秋節(the Mid - Autumn Festival)是一個有著悠久歷史的傳統節日。它是在農歷八月十五慶祝(celebrate)的。在這之前,通常要做(make)好準備。例如,月餅和其他美味的菜肴一定要準備(prepare)好,在這一天的晚上,人們有一個家庭聚會,吃月餅、賞月和看精彩的電視節目。所以,人們在這個特別的日子過得很愉快。我相信這個傳統節日會永遠保留(keep)下去。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案: The Mid - Autumn Festival is a traditional festival with a long history. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. Before it, preparations are usually made. For example, mooncakes and other delicious dishes must be prepared well. On the evening of this day, people have a family gathering, eating mooncakes, admiring the moon and watching wonderful TV programs. So people have a great time on this special day. I believe this traditional festival will be kept forever.
解析
1. “中秋節(the Mid - Autumn Festival)是一個有著悠久歷史的傳統節日”:這是主系表結構的簡單句,描述客觀事實,用一般現在時,“有著悠久歷史”用“with a long history” ,即 “The Mid - Autumn Festival is a traditional festival with a long history.” 。
2. “它是在農歷八月十五慶祝(celebrate)的”:“它”指代中秋節,是動作“慶祝”的承受者,用被動語態,一般現在時的被動語態結構是“be + 過去分詞”,主語it是第三人稱單數,be動詞用is,celebrate的過去分詞是celebrated,所以是 “It is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.” 。
3. “在這之前,通常要做(make)好準備”:“準備”是動作“做”的承受者,用被動語態,一般現在時,preparations是復數,be動詞用are,make的過去分詞是made ,即 “Before it, preparations are usually made.” 。
4. “例如,月餅和其他美味的菜肴一定要準備(prepare)好”:“月餅和其他美味的菜肴”是動作“準備”的承受者,用被動語態,“一定”用must,含有情態動詞的被動語態結構是“情態動詞 + be + 過去分詞”,prepare的過去分詞是prepared,所以是 “For example, mooncakes and other delicious dishes must be prepared well.” 。
5. “在這一天的晚上,人們有一個家庭聚會,吃月餅、賞月和看精彩的電視節目。所以,人們在這個特別的日子過得很愉快。”:這兩句用一般現在時描述客觀情況,按照正常主謂賓等結構翻譯,“have a family gathering”表示“有個家庭聚會”,“have a great time”表示“過得愉快” 。
6. “我相信這個傳統節日會永遠保留(keep)下去”:“這個傳統節日”是動作“保留”的承受者,“會”表示將來,用一般將來時的被動語態,結構是“will + be + 過去分詞”,keep的過去分詞是kept,即 “I believe this traditional festival will be kept forever.” 。
五、實踐應用:
Ⅰ. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. In the last few years thousands of films __________ (produce) all over the world.
2. Experiments of this kind __________ (conduct) in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
3. —Have you moved to your new house
—Not yet. It __________ (decorate) now.
4. It's a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal __________ (serve).
5. Come and look. What __________ (happen) to the flowers
6. Great changes __________ (take) place in my village in the past few years.
7. I have a letter __________ (write). I can’t go out with you.
8. Though small, the oranges __________ (sell) well, because they __________ (taste) nice.
9. Hurry up! There is no time to get __________ (change).
10. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need __________ (repair).
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. Every year in September or October, the Mid - Autumn Festival __________ the Chinese people all over the world. (每年在九月份或十月份,全世界的中國人都慶祝中秋節。)
2. In the past, lanterns __________ by candles and __________ with pictures of birds, animals and flowers, etc. (在過去,燈籠通常是用蠟燭點燃并且用鳥、動物和花等圖畫來裝飾。)
3. Sweet dumplings __________ in hot water. (元宵用水煮熟,并隨熱湯盛在一起(端給客人)。)
4. In the old days, dragon boat races __________ only by Chinese people. (在古代,只有中國人舉行龍舟比賽。)
5. This coat __________. (這件外套很容易干。)
答案
Ⅰ. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空
1. have been produced
2. had been conducted
3. is being decorated
4. is served
5. has happened
6. have taken place
7. to write
8. sell; taste
9. changed
10. repairing / to be repaired
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. is celebrated by
2. were lit; were decorated
3. are boiled and served
4. were held
5. dries easily

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