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選擇性必修一UNIT1RELATIONSHIPS過去完成時
語法精講
過去完成時在強調某個動作發生在過去的某個時間或某個動作之前時，我們要使用過去完成時。這也就是我們常說的表示“過去的過去”所完成的動作。
一、過去完成時的結構
1.過去完成時的肯定句：
主語+had+過去分詞+其他
2.過去完成時的否定句：
主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他.
3.過去完成時的疑問句：
一般疑問句句型：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他？
回答方式：Yes,主語+had.
No，主語+had+not.
二、過去完成時的用法
1.表示較早的過去
表示較早的過去，即某一時刻之前已完成的動作或狀態。
After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly.
我們降落后，飛機被徹底搜查了一遍。
2.用于間接引語
過去完成時的作用有時完全相當于現在完成時的過去形式，在間接引語中多有這種情況。
He said he had been there before.
他說他以前去過那里。
3.用于賓語從句
過去完成時表示一個過去的動作先于另一個過去動作的用法，多見于賓語從句。一般來說，主句中用了know（知道），realise（意識到)，think（認為）,suppose（猜想），guess（推測),find（找到），discover（發現），decide（決定），remember(記起）,forget（忘記）等動詞的一般過去時，如果賓語從句中的動作先于主句的動作，通常用過去完成時。
We realized we had lost our wallet
我們意識到我們的錢包丟了。
4.強調過去動作的完成
By six o'clock they had worked for 8 hours.
到6點鐘他們已經工作了8小時。(可能還沒結束）
5.用于虛擬語氣
（1）過去完成時的這一用法，常見于以only ,would that 等引導的感嘆句。
If only we had listened to their advice!
我們要是聽了他們的意見就好了！
（2）過去完成時的這一用法還見于構成虛擬語氣的條件從句和I wish.(我希望……)，I'd rather... (我寧愿……) 后的that從句。
I'd rather you hadn't been present.
我寧愿你當時不在場。
6.表示過去未曾實現的希望、打算和意圖過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的希望、打算或意圖，只適用于下列動詞：expect(期待），hope（希望），intend（打算），mean（打算）,suppose（料想），think（認為），want（想要）等。
We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.
我們原本希望你會來拜訪我們。
7.與過去完成時連用的時間狀語可以是already（已經），yet（仍然），still（還），just（剛剛），hardly...when(剛…………就)，scarcely ... before（剛……就），ever（曾經），never（從來沒有）等，也可以是by（不遲于），before（在……之前），until（直到），as soon as（一…就)等引導的詞組或從句。
By Tuesday he hadn't done it,
到星期二他還沒有做完。
三、觀察領悟
【例句觀察)
1. Jane had just left when you rang.
2. Had they returned home when you arrived
3.We realized we had lost our way.
4. After he had finished his work, he helped his mother with some housework.
5. If you had listened carefully in class yesterday, you would have done your exercise well.
【我的領悟】
1.句1中畫線部分用的是________時態，這種時態的基本結構是__________
2.句2中的結構是一個一般疑問句，過去完成時的疑問結構是____________
3.在句3中，主句謂語的時態是____________時態，從句部分的時態是________時態。與主句的動作相比較，____________發生在前。
4.在句4中，從句的謂語動詞使用__________時態,因為它發生在_______的前面。
5.在句5中，從句的謂語動詞使用________時態，表示與過去情況相反的假設，是_________語氣。
答案：1.過去完成時；had+過去分詞
2.had+主語+過去分詞
3.一般過去時；過去完成時；從句的動作
4.過去完成時；主句謂語動作 helped
5.過去完成時；虛擬
四、實踐練習
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. John, a friend of mine, who got married last week, spent $3,000 more than he ______ (plan) for the wedding.
2. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _________ (give) to half a dozen other groups.
3. Father ________ (leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him.
4. She__________(change) her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
5. He ________ (hope) to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.
6. When the old man started to walk back to his house, the sun _______ (hide) itself behind the mountain already.
7. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _______ (begin) to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
8. —Oh, is that you, Bob
—Err … yes. Ah, you're Mary. Sorry I ________ (not recognize) you. We haven't seen each other for ten years, have we
Ⅱ. 句型轉換
1. I had sold the ticket when she came. （改為否定句）
_________________________________
2. She had sung a song to us before she danced. （改為否定句）
_________________________________
3.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink. （改為否定句)
_________________________________
4. By 10:00 a. m., I had been very hungry. （改為一般疑問句）
_________________________________
5. Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived. （改為一般疑問句）
_________________________________
答案:
單句語法填空
1. had planned
2. had given
3. had left
4. had changed
5. had hoped
6. had hidden
7. began
8. didn't recognize
句型轉換
①I hadn't sold the ticket when she came.
②She hadn't sung a song to us before she danced.
③They didn't begin to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
④Had you been very hungry by 10:00 a. m.
⑤Had Lucy completed the project yet when you arrived

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