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2024新譯林版英語(yǔ)七年級(jí)上冊(cè)Unit5 A healthy lifestyle預(yù)習(xí)講義（可數(shù)名詞）
一、可數(shù)名詞知識(shí)梳理
（一）定義
可數(shù)名詞是指能以數(shù)目來計(jì)算，可以分成個(gè)體的人或東西 ，因此它有復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)它的復(fù)數(shù)形式在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
（二）復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況：在名詞詞尾直接加-s 。例如：
book - books（書）
pen - pens（鋼筆）
boy - boys（男孩）
2.以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾：在詞尾加-es 。例如：
bus - buses（公共汽車）
box - boxes（盒子）
watch - watches（手表）
dish - dishes（盤子）
3.以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾：先將y改為i，再加-es 。例如：
city - cities（城市）
family - families（家庭）
story - stories（故事）
3.以o結(jié)尾：通常有生命的加-es，無生命的加-s 。例如：
有生命：potato - potatoes（土豆） tomato - tomatoes（西紅柿）
無生命：piano - pianos（鋼琴） radio - radios（收音機(jī)）
4.以f或fe結(jié)尾：要將f或fe改為v，再加-es 。例如：
half - halves（一半）
leaf - leaves（樹葉）
knife - knives（刀）
（三）不規(guī)則變化
1.特殊單詞變化：
man - men（男人）
woman - women（女人）
foot - feet（腳）
tooth - teeth（牙齒）
child - children（孩子）
2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形：
sheep - sheep（綿羊）
deer - deer（鹿）
Chinese - Chinese（中國(guó)人）
Japanese - Japanese（日本人）
（四）用法注意
1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式前常用不定冠詞a/an ，表示“一個(gè)”。當(dāng)它的單數(shù)形式在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如：There is an apple on the table.（桌上有個(gè)蘋果。） A dog is running.（一只狗在跑。）
2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：The books are interesting.（這些書很有趣。）
知識(shí)演練場(chǎng)
（一）寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式（20個(gè)）
1.apple - ________ 2.orange - ________ 3.box - ________
4.bus - ________ 5.watch - ________ 6.family - ________
7.city - ________ 8.potato - ________ 9.tomato - ________
10.photo - ________11.knife - ________ 12.leaf - ________
13.child - ________ 14.man - ________ 15.woman - ________
16.sheep - ________ 17.deer - ________ 18.boy - ________
19.day - ________ 20.key - ________
（二）詞匯運(yùn)用（結(jié)合語(yǔ)境考查詞形變化與拼寫）（20道）
There are many ________ (child) playing in the park.
These ________ (box) are very heavy.
The ________ (knife) on the table are very sharp.
My two ________ (foot) hurt after a long walk.
The ________ (man) over there are my uncles.
How many ________ (sheep) are there on the farm
There are some_______(tomato) and_______(potato) in the basket.
I have two new ________ (watch). One is for me, and the other is for my brother.
The ________ (family) in this neighborhood are all very friendly.
These ________ (photo) were taken during my trip to Beijing.
There are a lot of ________ (book) in the library.
The ________ (boy) in our class like playing football.
I saw some ________ (deer) in the forest yesterday.
The ________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow in autumn.
We need to buy some ________ (dish) for the new house.
The ________ (woman) doctors are very kind to the patients.
There are many ________ (city) in China.
I like eating ________ (strawberry).
How many ________ (piano) are there in the music room
The little ________ (child) is crying because he can't find his mother.
（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10個(gè)）
This is a tomato.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
2.That is an orange.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
3.There is a box on the desk.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
4.He has a new watch.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
5.The man is a teacher.（改為復(fù)數(shù)句）
6.These are knives.（改為單數(shù)句）
7.Those are children.（改為單數(shù)句）
8.They are women doctors.（改為單數(shù)句）
9.There are some apples on the tree.（改為單數(shù)句）
10.The boys are playing basketball.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）
（四）單選（10道）
1.There are two ________ in the room.
A. box B. boxes C. boxs D. boxse
2.-How many ________ do you have -I have three.
A. watch B. watches C. watchs D. watchse
3.These ________ are from America.
A. man B. mans C. men D. mens
4.There are many ________ in the zoo.
A. deer B. deers C. deeres D. deer's
5.The ________ on the table are delicious.
A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes D. tomato's
6.-What are those -They are ________.
A. photo B. photos C. photoes D. photo's
7.There are five ________ in the classroom.
A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens
8.I need some ________ to cut the paper.
A. knife B. knifes C. knives D. knife's
9.These ________ are very beautiful.
A. leaf B. leafs C. leaves D. leaf's
10.The ________ are flying kites in the park.
A. boy B. boys C. boies D. boy's
（五）翻譯句子（10道）
1.桌子上有兩個(gè)蘋果。
2.那些是西紅柿嗎？
3.我有很多書。
4.孩子們正在操場(chǎng)上玩。
5.教室里有一些盒子。
6.那些女士是一名醫(yī)生。
7.這些刀很鋒利。
8.樹上有很多葉子。
9.農(nóng)場(chǎng)里有五只綿羊。
10.你有多少支鋼筆？
（六）短文填空（考查語(yǔ)法在語(yǔ)篇中的應(yīng)用）
My name is Tom.I have a happy family.There are four 1. ________ (people) in my family, my father, my mother, my sister and I. My father is a 2. ________ (work). He works in a factory. My mother is a 3. ________ (teach). She teaches English in a middle school. My sister and I are students. We are in the same school, but in different 4. ________ (class).
There is a small garden in front of our house. There are many beautiful 5. ________ (flower) in it. In spring, the 6. ________ (flower) come out and the garden looks very nice. My sister and I often play games in the garden after school.
On weekends, my family often go to the park. We take some 7. ________ (sandwich) and drinks with us. We have a picnic there. We all enjoy 8. ________ (we) very much.
I love my family and our 9. ________ (life). We always help each other and have a good time together. I hope we can be happy 10. ________ (forever).
答案
（一）寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式答案
apples
oranges
boxes
buses
watches
families
cities
potatoes
tomatoes
photos
knives
leaves
children
men
women
sheep
deer
boys
days
keys
（二）詞匯運(yùn)用答案
children
boxes
knives
feet
men
sheep
tomatoes; potatoes
watches
families
photos
books
boys
deer
leaves
dishes
women
cities
strawberries
pianos
child
（三）句型轉(zhuǎn)換答案
These are tomatoes.
Those are oranges.
There are some boxes on the desk.
They have new watches.
The men are teachers.
This is a knife.
That is a child.
She is a woman doctor.
There is an apple on the tree.
What are the boys doing
（四）單選答案
1-5 BBCAC 6-10 BCCCB
（五）翻譯句子答案
There are two apples on the table.
Are those tomatoes
I have many books.
The children are playing on the playground.
There are some boxes in the classroom.
Those women are doctors.
These knives are very sharp.
There are many leaves on the tree.
There are five sheep on the farm.
How many pens do you have
（六）短文填空答案
people
worker
teacher
classes
flowers
flowers
sandwiches
ourselves
life
forever

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