資源簡介

(共29張PPT)
Unit 1
Relationships
Lesson 1 (Grammar)
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Discover and master the structure and usage of the past perfect, and apply it flexibly in real-life contexts. Expand vocabulary related to education, personal experiences, and daily events.
The topic of “past events” connects to universal life experiences, helping students recognize shared cultural narratives about personal stories and how past actions shape present outcomes across cultures.
Develop your analytical thinking by exploring the rules of the past perfect, and stimulate critical thinking through tasks. When inventing explanations for situations, students use creativity to apply grammar.
Practice grammar-in-context strategies to master the past perfect tense. Learn to self-check tense usage by analyzing action sequences.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Master the structure and usage of the past perfect, and apply it flexibly in real-life contexts with expanded related vocabulary.
Analyzing action sequences to self-check past perfect usage and creatively applying the tense in invented situation explanations.
Lead-in
PART. 02
Compare what the differences are between the following two sentences.
所有人早已收到神秘信件，才來到島上。
——《無人生還》
Everyone had received the mysterious letter before arriving on the island.
Everyone received the mysterious letter before arriving on the island.
僅陳述事實：所有人登島前收到了信。
中性語氣，不強調動作的先后關系或影響。
強調“收到信”發生在“登島”之前，并暗示這一動作對后續事件（如登島后的行為）有影響。
懸疑語氣，隱含“早有預謀”的伏筆。
Grammar
PART. 03
Read the sentences. Which action happened before the other in each sentence
1. Before Mr Jenkins taught me, science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me.
“Science had simply been a subject full of strange words to me” happened before “Before Mr Jenkins taught me”.
Read the sentences. Which action happened before the other in each sentence
2. Graham was very difficult before he came into my class. I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.
“I had heard stories about his bad behaviour.” happened before “Graham was very difficult before he came into my class.”
3. I knew I had chosen a job with a lot of stress.
“I had chosen a job with a lot of stress” happened before “I knew”.
Past perfect (過去完成時)
一、過去完成時的概念
過去完成時表示過去某一時間或動作之前發生的動作或狀態，以及對過去的某一點造成的某種影響或是結果，強調時間先后關系。
When I arrived at the party, Tom had already left.
我到派對時，湯姆已經走了。
動作順序：① Tom離開 → ② 我到達
二、過去完成時的構成
過去完成時由“助動詞 had (通用于各種人稱和數)+過去分詞”構成。
三、過去完成時的形式
1. 過去完成時的肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞+其他
By the time I got to school, the class had started.
我到學校的時候，課程已經開始了。
2. 過去完成時的否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
He had not eaten breakfast when he left home.
他離開家的時候，還沒吃早飯。
3. 過去完成時的被動語態：主語+had+been+過去分詞+其他
The new school building had been built when I became a student here.
我來這里上學時，新教學樓已經建成了。
4. 過去完成時的一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
回答方式：Yes, 主語+had. / No, 主語+had+not.
—Had you finished reading the book before the class
上課前你讀完這本書了嗎？
—Yes, I had. / No, I had not.
是，讀完了 。 / 不，沒讀完。
四、過去完成時的用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態。
When she arrived at the cinema, the movie had already started.
她到電影院時，電影已經開始了。
2. 還可表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或狀態持續到過去某個時間或還要持續下去，常用的時間狀語有by then，by the end of 等。
By the end of last term, our class had planted over 100 trees in the schoolyard.
到上學期末，我們班已經在校園種了100多棵樹 。
By then, my little sister had saved over 500 yuan from her pocket money.
到那時，我妹妹已從零花錢里存了 500 多元。
3. 用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句中。
If she had studied harder last term, she would have passed all the exams.
要是她上學期學習再努力點，就會通過所有考試了。
4. 過去完成時也用于hardly...when..., no sooner…than..., It was the first time+that(從) 等一些固定句型中。
Hardly had he stepped into the house when it started to rain heavily.
他剛踏進家門，就開始下大雨了。
5. 表示未曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言、想法等，常用過去完成時。
He had planned to go hiking this weekend, but it rained.
他本打算這周末去徒步，結果下雨了。
五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”，而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間。
By the end of last week, she had finished reading five classic novels.
到上周末為止，她已經讀完了五本經典小說。（“讀完” 在 “上周末” 這個過去
時間前就完成了）
She finished reading a poem collection last night.
她昨晚讀完了一本詩集。（單純說昨晚發生的動作 ）
五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時，謂語動詞動作發生的時間先后須依據上下文來判斷：先發生的用過去完成時，后發生的則用一般過去時。
He had prepared a big surprise for his mom. He gave it to her when she got home.
他給媽媽準備了一個大驚喜 。媽媽回家時，他把驚喜送出去了 。（“準備驚喜”
先于 “送驚喜 / 媽媽回家” ，所以 “had prepared” 是過去完成時，“gave”“got” 是
一般過去時。）
Read the sentences again. Decide which tense is used to talk about:
an event in the past
an event that happened earlier, before the other past event in the story
simple past tense
past perfect tense
Choose the sentence that best describes each picture.
a. The film began when they arrived at the cinema.
b. The film had begun when they arrived at the cinema.
Choose the sentence that best describes each picture.
a. The police arrested the man who was breaking into a jewellery shop.
b. The police arrested the man who had broken into a jewellery shop.
Provide an explanation for the situations, using the cues and the past perfect tense. Then add another possible explanation.
Example The whole class cheered for John. (John / win an award)
The whole class cheered for John because he had won an award.
The whole class cheered for John because he had run the fastest on Sports Day.
1. My car broke down on the way to the beach. (it / run out of petrol)
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had hit a stone halfway.
Provide an explanation for the situations, using the cues and the past perfect tense. Then add another possible explanation.
2. The dog hid under the sofa. (it / eat the family’s dinner)
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had run out of petrol.
My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had hit a stone halfway.
3. A car crashed into a tree. (driver / fall asleep)
A car crashed into a tree because the driver had fallen asleep.
A car crashed into a tree because it had broken down.
4. The Smiths went on a round-the-world trip. (Mr Smith / get a pay rise)
The Smiths went on a round–the–world trip because Mr Smith got a pay rise.
The Smiths went on a round–the–world trip because Mr Smith had got a promotion.
Exercise
PART. 04
By the time the firemen ________(arrive), the building __________(burn) for over an hour.
She _______________(not realize) how much work the project required until she ________(start) it.
He __________(apologize) because he ____________(forget) our appointment the day before.
My parents __________(live) in London for a decade when they _______(decide) to move back to their hometown.
Exercise: 用所給詞的適當形式填空
arrived
had burned
had not realized
started
apologized
had forgotten
had lived
decided
If he __________ (take) my advice, he wouldn’t have made such a big mistake.
Hardly __________ (have) she entered the classroom when the bell rang.
It was the third time that he ________________ (forget) to bring his textbook.
When I finally found my keys, I realized I ___________ (leave) them in the office.
They __________ (hope) to go on a picnic, but the heavy rain stopped them.
Before she became a famous writer, she ______________ (publish) several short stories.
He looked very tired because he _________________ (work) for 12 hours straight.
Exercise: 用所給詞的適當形式填空
had taken
had
had left
had forgotten
had hoped
had published
had been working
Summary
PART. 05
添加標題
ADD THE TITLE HERE
Lesson 1 (Grammar)
過去完成時的構成
過去完成時
過去完成時的形式
過去完成時的用法
過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
過去完成時的概念
Homework
PART. 06
Summarise what we have learnt in this lesson;
Prepare for the next lesson.
Homework
See you next class!

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