資源簡(jiǎn)介

(共47張PPT)
Unit 2 Using language
Review: word formation
復(fù)習(xí)：構(gòu)詞法
語(yǔ)法課件
a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b … sculpt a sculpture…
c When we… see rain…, we can say “it’s raining”…
d WHO

abbreviate vt. 縮寫(xiě)
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage.
Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
前綴
后綴
詞性
Abbreviation 縮略法
Conversion 轉(zhuǎn)化法
Derivation 派生法
Compounding 合成法
結(jié)合
a
b
c
d
共四種構(gòu)詞法
1
Look for more examples of in the reading passage.
Work as a group of four, each in charge of one type and then share.
Compounding
合成法
Derivation派生法
Conversion 轉(zhuǎn)化法
Abbreviation 縮略法
1
2
3
4
pineapple, hamburger, eggplant, seasick, carsick, homesick, homework, housework
sculpture, painting, hardly, softly, harmless- harmful,
shameless-shameful,
visible- invisble
rain, snow
IT, US
2
Grammar
一、Compounding(合成法):two or more words are joined together to make a new one.
把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為合成法,由合成法構(gòu)成的詞叫合成詞。
1.合成名詞
構(gòu)成方式 舉例 構(gòu)成方式 舉例
名詞+名詞 weekend 周末 動(dòng)詞+名詞 postcard
明信片
名詞+動(dòng)詞 daybreak 破曉 動(dòng)詞-ing+名詞 waiting-room
候車室
名詞+動(dòng)詞-ing handwriting 書(shū)寫(xiě) 形容詞+名詞 fast-food
快餐
知識(shí)深一度 合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的合成名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式 homework
以man或woman修飾的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),前后兩個(gè)名詞都變成復(fù)數(shù) woman doctor
→women doctors
man waiter
→men waiters
以兩個(gè)名詞構(gòu)成的合成名詞(前面的名詞為man或woman除外),一般把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù) boyfriend→boyfriends
paper bag→paper bags
以“可數(shù)名詞+介詞(短語(yǔ))”構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),把前面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù) sister-in-law
→sisters-in-law
以“動(dòng)詞/過(guò)去分詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),在結(jié)尾加-s grown-up→grown-ups
stand-by→stand-bys
即學(xué)活用 寫(xiě)出下列單詞的漢語(yǔ)意思
(1)sunflower　　　_______
(2)greenhouse _____
(3)far-reaching ___________
(4)gentleman _____
(5)raincoat _____
(6)good-tempered _________
(7)outdoors ______________
(8)worry-free ____________
向日葵
溫室
意義深遠(yuǎn)的
紳士
雨衣
好脾氣的
在戶外,在野外
無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的
一、派生法
在一個(gè)詞根的前面或后面加上某個(gè)詞綴生成一詞，這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴，加在后面得叫后綴。
Word formation——構(gòu)詞法
Grammar
分類 舉例
常見(jiàn)否定 前綴 il-→illegal非法的 irregular無(wú)規(guī)定的, illogical無(wú)邏輯的...
un-→unhappy不高興的
im-→impatient不耐煩的
dis-→disappear消失
in-→incorrect不正確的
non-→nonstop不停的
ir-→irregular不規(guī)則的
分類 舉例
表示其他 意義的常 見(jiàn)前綴 anti-(反對(duì);抵抗)→antiwar反戰(zhàn)的
sub-(下面的)→subway地鐵
inter-(互相)→Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)
re-(再;又)→rewrite重寫(xiě)
en-(使……)→enrich使富足
pre-(前;預(yù)先)→preview預(yù)習(xí)
post-(后的)→postwar戰(zhàn)后的
分類 舉例
表示其他 意義的常 見(jiàn)前綴 mid-(中;半)→midnight午夜
vice-(副)→vice-manager副經(jīng)理
micro-(微)→microscope顯微鏡
for-/fore-(先;預(yù))→forecast預(yù)報(bào)
co-(共;同)→cooperation合作
mini-(小型)→miniskirt迷你裙
bi-(雙的)→bimonthly兩月一次的(地);一月兩次的(地)
2.單詞+后綴:一般不改變?cè)~的基本含義,只改變其詞性。
①There is a growing need for qualified teachers of Business English.
teach+-er, 表示人,意為“教師”
②Not all people can make this achievement.
achieve+-ment,抽象名詞,意為“成就,成績(jī)”
分類 列舉 舉例
常見(jiàn) 名詞 后綴 -er/-or(從事……的人) -ese(某地人) -ess(女性) -ian(……的人) -ist(專業(yè)人員) -ism(主義) -ment(性質(zhì);狀態(tài)) -ness(性質(zhì)) -tion/-ation(動(dòng)作;過(guò)程) -dom(狀態(tài);區(qū)域) teacher教師
Japanese日本人
actress女演員
musician音樂(lè)家
artist藝術(shù)家
liberalism自由主義
movement運(yùn)動(dòng)
darkness黑暗
invention發(fā)明
freedom自由
分類 列舉 舉例
常見(jiàn) 動(dòng)詞 后綴 -en(多用于形容詞后) -fy(使……化) -ize(使……成為) widen加寬
beautify美化
realize意識(shí)到
常見(jiàn) 形容詞 后綴 -al, -able, -an, -ful, -ive, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -ous, -some national民族的
reasonable合理的
American美國(guó)的
careful細(xì)心的
active有活力的
分類 列舉 舉例
常見(jiàn) 副詞 后綴 -ly(用于形容詞后表示方式或程度) -ward(s)(表示方向) quickly迅速地
angrily生氣地
northward朝北
upward(s)向上
常見(jiàn) 數(shù)詞 后綴 -teen, -th, -ty thirteen十三
fourth第四
fifty五十
即學(xué)活用 單句語(yǔ)法填空
(1)The teacher announced an ___________ (expected) result that everyone
couldn’t believe.
(2)I would like to visit Paris.It is one of the greatest tourist ___________ (attract)
in the world.
(3)After working for a whole day, Jane lay back ____________ (comfortable)
on the bed.
(4)Thanks very much for your _________(kind).
unexpected
attractions
comfortably
kindness
(5)When I help others, I have a strong _______ (feel) of satisfaction.
(6)When her son goes out, the mother is worried about her son’s _______ (safe).
(7)We often see some _________ (home) people in the street in some poor countries.
(8)Reading can not only _______ (rich) our knowledge but also _______ (wide)
our view.
feeling
safety
homeless
enrich
widen
三、Conversion(轉(zhuǎn)化法):to create a new word without any change in spelling.
一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為轉(zhuǎn)化法。
1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞
①Let’s go out for a walk.我們到外面去散散步吧。
②He is a man of strong build.
他是一個(gè)體格健壯的男人。
2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
①Did you book a seat on the plane
你訂好飛機(jī)座位了嗎
②Please hand me the book.請(qǐng)把那本書(shū)遞給我。
3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)詞
①We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我們要盡力改善我們的生活條件。
②You must slow down or you’ll make yourself ill.
你必須要放慢節(jié)奏,否則你會(huì)生病的。
即學(xué)活用 翻譯下列句子,尤其注意黑體詞的用法
(1)The company ships its goods all over the world.
_________________________
(2)The government has built new houses to house the homeless people.
_______________________________________
(3)These trees need to be watered.
___________________
(4)Tears of gratitude welled up in her eyes.
_____________________________
(5)Culture has furthered the advance of language.
______________________________
公司把貨物運(yùn)往世界各地。
政府建了新房子給無(wú)家可歸的人提供住處。
這些樹(shù)需要澆水了。
感激的淚水從她的眼里涌出來(lái)。
文化進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展。
(6)After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived.
____________________________________________________
知識(shí)寬一度
有些單詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)化后,詞的發(fā)音發(fā)生了變化。例如:
present / preznt/ n.禮物,現(xiàn)在;adj.當(dāng)前的,在場(chǎng)的,出席的→/pr zent/ v.贈(zèng)送,表達(dá)
permit /p m t/v.準(zhǔn)許→/ p m t/ n.許可證
record / rek d/ n.唱片,記錄→/r k d/ v.做記錄
我在腦海中進(jìn)行了無(wú)數(shù)次的想象之后,這一天終于到來(lái)了。
Word formation——構(gòu)詞法
四、縮略法
是指把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞各取一部分(或用單詞首尾字母或用截頭取尾的方法)合在一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)新單詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音或作為一個(gè)單詞來(lái)讀。
very important person→VIP(讀字母音)要人，貴賓
television→TV(讀字母音)電視
advertisement→ad廣告
laboratory→lab實(shí)驗(yàn)室
Grammar
即學(xué)活用 寫(xiě)出下列詞匯的縮略詞及意思
(1)Voice of America→______　_________
(2)National Aeronautics and Space Administration
→_______ ___________________
(3)World Trade Organization
→______ _____________
(4)United Nations Educational,Scientific and
Cultural Organization
→__________ __________________
VOA
美國(guó)之音
NASA
美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局
WTO
世界貿(mào)易組織
UNESCO
聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織
(5)Chief Executive Officer
→______ ___________
(6)Intensive Care Unit
→_____ _____________
(7)Electronic Toll Collection
→______ _________
(8)Most Valuable Player
→______ ______________
CEO
首席執(zhí)行官
ICU
重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房
ETC
電子收費(fèi)
MVP
最有價(jià)值球員
3
Application
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, ____________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and _____________ (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s __________, and if someone isn’t happy they are _________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great ________________.
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
2
偶然碰到
恐怖的
形成
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become ______. And we can give someone a present by__________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization ” can be referred to as _____ , and _______ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
2
calm down冷靜
be made up of由...組成
be referred to as 被稱作...
被用作...
反之亦然
5
AmE. vs. BrE
Enjoy a funny video about British English and American English.
Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents.(P23)
What differences can you find
4
Look at the pictures and get to know the American English words and their British equivalents. (P23)
American English
British English
subway
highway
theater
gas
apartment
elevator
underground
motorway
theatre
petrol
flat
lift
4
Today, American English is in common international use. It is different from British English in several ways, mostly in spelling and vocabulary. Some American spellings were created by Noah Webster, who made one of America's first dictionaries. He changed “-re” spellings to “er”, which is why 1_______ is spelt 2________ in American English.
The Americans and the British also use different words for everyday things. For example, Americans talk about putting 3____ in their cars and driving along the 4________ whereas in the UK, people put 5______ in their cars and drive along the 6__________.
Now Complete the passage with the words above. (P24)
subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift
theatre
theater
gas
highway
petrol
motorway
in ... ways
Americans take the7________ to the top floor of a building, but the British use the 8_____. In the US, they take the 9_______, but in the UK, people travel on the 10____________. Americans live in a(n) 11__________, while the British live in a(n) 12_____.
It's not as confusing as it seems: usually people from the two countries can understand each other from the context. But that doesn't stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the “right” one!
subway/underground highway/motorway theater/theatre gas/petrol apartment/flat elevator/lift
elevator
lift
subway
underground
apartment
flat
as... as...
Work in pairs. Find more examples of differences between American and British English. Use a dictionary or search on the Internet. (P24)
Spelling
Vocabulary
Pronunciation
5
6
Unfamiliar English expressions
Before listening
Can you guess the meaning of these
words
selfie
netizen
BRB
COZ
G2G
selfie= self+ie:
a photograph that you take of yourself, usually with a mobile phone
netizen=net+izen
citizen=city+izen
a person who uses the Internet
BRB — be right back
COZ — because /b k z/
G2G — got to go
two=2
7
Listening & examples
Listen to three conversations and match them to the pictures.(P25)
□ Learning to learn
Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in other forms of communication. It may be a quick and, to you, clear way to communicate, but before you use it, stop and think: who do you want to communicate with and why Make sure that any abbreviations（縮寫(xiě)） and emojis（表情符號(hào)） you use are appropriate for the situation, and consider whether your readers will even know what you mean by BRB or COZ.
a
b
c
a: ______________
b: ______________
c: ______________
Conversation 3
Conversation 1
Conversation 2
6
Listen again and complete the table. (P25)
Words Meaning Origin
dim sum a kind of traditional 1____________ from 2_______
________________
3_______ using a cellphone without caring about others a combination of the words 4__________ and 5_______
6_______ a shorter way of saying 7______________ from the Internet
Chinese food
the
Guangdong dialect
cellfish
cellphone
selfish
LOL
“l(fā)augh out loud”
7
How do the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words
Presenter: Conversation 1
A: I’m going to buy something to eat from the restaurant
downstairs. Would you like anything
B: Oh yes, please. Could you order me some dim sum
A: Some what
B: Dim sum.
A: What kind of food is that
B: It’s a kind of traditional Chinese food from South China, including dumplings,
spring rolls, meatballs and so on.
A: Oh, I see. So “dim sum” comes from Chinese
B: Yes, that’s right. In fact, it comes from the Guangdong dialect. In Mandarin or
Putonghua it would be “dian xin”.
A: Well, it sounds good! Maybe I’ll order that as well ...
How do the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words
Presenter: Conversation 2
A: How was the movie
B: It was great, but someone in front of me was talking so loudly on her phone.
A: How cellfish!
B: Yes, I agree. Very selfish.
A: Ah, do you know what I mean by “cellish”
B: Of course! When you say “selfish”, you mean only caring about yourself and
not about other people, right
A: That’s what “selfish” with an “s” means, but I’m talking about “cellfish”.
starting with the letter “c”.
B: I haven’t heard that word before. What does it mean
A: It means using a cellphone in a way that shows you don’t care about the other
people around you.
B: That’s interesting. How do you spell it
A: C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H. It’s the words “cellphone and “selfish” put together.
B: Oh, I see..
專指在任何場(chǎng)合任何地點(diǎn)把手機(jī)打個(gè)不停的人。
Presenter: Conversation 3
[SFX of someone pressing mobile phone keys, followved by a chime indicating a new message]
A: Darling, could you take a look at this message from Lucy I have no idea
what she’s talking about... again.
B: What has she said
A: Well, I told her a joke that Bob told me today at the office,
and, as you see, she replied “LOL”. What’s that for
B: Oh, LOL! It’s a shorter way of saying “l(fā)augh out loud”.
A: I’ve never seen or heard that before. Where does it come from
B: It was first used on the Internet. You use it to show you think something is
very funny.
A: Oh, okay.
B: Keep up with the times, darling!
How do the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words
How do the speakers ask for and explain the meanings of the words
Useful expressions:
· What kind of food is that
It's a kind of…
· Do you know what I mean by…
It means…
· What's that for
It's…
· Where does it come from
It was first used…
Listen again if necessary.
Situation 1:
You are a waiter / waitress in a restaurant. You ask your customer whether he / she needs a doogy bag.
(Notes: A “doggy bag” is a bag or box in which you
take unfinished food home from a restaurant.)
Situation 2:
You see a sign in a supermarket saying “3 for 2”.
You don't know what it means and ask the shop assistant to explain.
Act out the conversation to ask for and explain the meanings of the expressions.
A
□ Useful expressions
Situation 1
· It means…
· You use it to…
Situation 2
· I beg your pardon
· What does … mean
· What's that for
· When you say … you mean …, right
THX:
NVM:
IMO:
CUL:
BTW:
Thanks 謝謝
For reference
BBL:
VG:
JK:
By the way 順便說(shuō)一下
See you later 下次再會(huì)
In my opinion 依我所見(jiàn)
Very good 很好
Never mind 別擔(dān)心
Be back later 稍后回來(lái)
Just kidding 開(kāi)個(gè)玩笑
1.Find new words and their meanings on the Internet.
2.Make up similar conversation.
3.Review the words and expressions you learned today.
Homework

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