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譯林版八年級上冊Unit4 Hands-on fun單元導學案（學與練）
一、學習目標
詞匯積累：掌握本單元重點詞匯，如DIY、shelf、complete、fold等，以及相關短語，如be crazy about、put up、make a mistake等，并能在實際情境中正確運用。
語法理解：理解并掌握祈使句的用法，包括肯定式、否定式以及Let型祈使句；掌握should和had better的用法，能準確表達建議和勸告。
閱讀能力：通過閱讀關于DIY的文章，獲取關鍵信息，理解DIY的概念、方法和樂趣，學習如何描述DIY經歷，并能對文章內容進行推理和判斷。
寫作技能：能夠運用所學詞匯和語法，描述自己或他人的DIY經歷，包括制作過程、遇到的問題及解決方法，完成一篇關于DIY的短文寫作。
二、知識點梳理
（一）詞匯
重點單詞
DIY：n./adj. 自己動手（的） ，全稱Do It Yourself ，如：I like DIY projects.（我喜歡自己動手的項目。）
shelf：n. 架子；擱板 ，復數形式為shelves ，如：There are many books on the shelves.（書架上有很多書。）
complete：v. 完成；結束 ；adj. 完整的；完全的 ，如：I will complete my homework soon.（我很快就會完成作業。）；This is a complete story.（這是一個完整的故事。）
fold：v. 折疊；對折 ，如：Fold the paper in half.（把紙對折。）
crazy：adj. 著迷的；瘋狂的 ，常見短語有be crazy about（對……著迷；熱衷于……） ，如：He is crazy about football.（他熱衷于足球。）
instead：adv. 代替；而不是 ，常位于句首或句末 ，如：He didn't go to school by bus. Instead, he walked.（他沒有乘公共汽車去上學，而是步行去的。）
repair：v. 修理；修補 ，如：My father is repairing the bike.（我爸爸正在修理自行車。）
詞形變化
usual（adj. 通常的；尋常的） - unusual（adj. 特別的；不尋常的） ，如：It's unusual for him to be late.（他遲到是不尋常的。）
own（adj. 自己的） - owner（n. 物主；主人） ，如：The owner of the house is very kind.（這房子的主人很友善。）
重點短語
be crazy about：對……著迷；熱衷于…… ，如：She is crazy about dancing.（她熱衷于跳舞。）
put up：張貼；搭建；舉起 ，如：Put up your hand if you know the answer.（如果你知道答案就舉手。）；They are putting up a tent.（他們正在搭建帳篷。）
make a mistake：犯錯誤 ，如：I made a mistake in the math test.（我在數學考試中犯了一個錯誤。）
not only...but also...：不但……而且…… ，連接兩個并列成分 ，如：He is not only good at math but also good at English.（他不但擅長數學而且擅長英語。）
give up：放棄 ，如：Don't give up your dream.（不要放棄你的夢想。）
keep doing sth.：一直做某事 ，如：He keeps running every morning.（他每天早上都堅持跑步。）
（二）句型
What are you going to do, Suzy ：你打算做什么，蘇西？ “be going to do sth.” 表示計劃、打算做某事 ，如：What are you going to do tomorrow （你明天打算做什么？）
That sounds fun.：聽起來很有趣。 “sound” 在此處是系動詞，意為 “聽起來” ，后接形容詞作表語 ，類似的系動詞還有look（看起來）、smell（聞起來）、taste（嘗起來）、feel（摸起來；感覺）等 ，如：The music sounds beautiful.（這首音樂聽起來很美。）
I need some coloured paper, tape or glue and a pair of scissors.：我需要一些彩色紙、膠帶或膠水以及一把剪刀。 “need” 在此處是實義動詞，意為 “需要” ，后接名詞或代詞作賓語 ，如：We need some water.（我們需要一些水。）
You can fold the paper like this, and I'll cut the flower shapes.：你可以這樣折紙，我會剪出花朵的形狀。 “like this” 意為 “像這樣” ，在句中作方式狀語 ，如：Do it like this.（像這樣做。）
He loves to make or repair things around his house by himself.：他喜歡自己制作或修理房子周圍的東西。 “by oneself” 意為 “獨自；單獨” ，如：She can do her homework by herself.（她能獨自完成作業。）
Instead, he bought many books about DIY and took an online DIY course as well.：相反，他買了很多關于DIY的書，還上了一門DIY在線課程。 “as well” 意為 “也” ，常用于肯定句的句末 ，如：He can speak English, and he can speak French as well.（他會說英語，也會說法語。）
He thinks DIY is a good way to have fun and save money.：他認為DIY是一種既好玩又省錢的好方法。 “a way to do sth.” 意為 “做某事的方法” ，如：This is a good way to learn English.（這是學習英語的好方法。）
（三）語法
祈使句
定義：當我們向他人發出命令、提出要求或建議時，常使用祈使句。祈使句一般省略主語you ，以動詞原形開頭 。
分類：
Do型：肯定式為行為動詞原形 + 其他 ，如：Put up your hand, please.（請舉手。）；否定式為Don't + 行為動詞原形 + 其他 ，如：Don't play with fire.（不要玩火。）
Be型：肯定式為Be + 表語 + 其他 ，如：Be careful next time.（下次小心。）；否定式為Don't + be + 表語 + 其他 ，如：Don't be late next time.（下次不要遲到。）
Let型：肯定式為Let + 人稱代詞賓格 + 動詞原形 + 其他 ，如：Let me help you carry the heavy box.（讓我幫你拿這個重箱子吧。）；否定式為Don't + let + 人稱代詞賓格 + 動詞原形 + 其他 ，如：Don't let him do that.（不要讓他做那件事。） 或Let + 人稱代詞賓格 + not + 動詞原形 + 其他 ，如：Let him not go there with his father.（讓他不要和他父親去那兒。）
無動詞祈使句：如：This way, please!（請這邊走！）
should和had better
should：意為 “應當；應該” ，表達責任、義務、勸告等 ，沒有人稱、數和時態的變化 ，如：We should do what the teacher told us.（我們應該按老師說的去做。）
had better：常簡寫為 ’d better ，意為 “最好” ，表示勸告、建議 ，其否定式為had better not ，如：You'd better go to hospital at once.（你最好立即去醫院（看病）。）；You'd better not forget to do your homework.（你最好別忘了做家庭作業。）
（四）課文內容
Welcome to the unit：通過討論不同的DIY活動，如制作紙玫瑰、做燈籠、粉刷墻壁等，引入本單元主題 “Hands-on fun” 。米莉詢問蘇西打算做什么，蘇西表示要做紙玫瑰，并介紹了所需材料，米莉隨后表示想一起做 。
Reading：講述了作者的表弟安德魯對DIY非常著迷。他認為DIY是一種既有趣又省錢的好方法 。他喜歡自己制作或修理家里的東西，比如他曾嘗試在臥室安裝更亮的燈，卻因犯錯導致整個房子停電 ；還有一次想在墻上掛畫，結果釘到管道，使房間被水浸滿 。盡管他總是把事情弄得一團糟，但他仍然熱衷于DIY，還買了很多關于DIY的書，上了在線課程 。
Integrated skills：介紹了扎染這一有著1500多年歷史的古老藝術 。扎染不僅是一種藝術形式，也是一種生活方式 。制作扎染的方法是先將布料扭曲、打結，然后染色，最后解開 。扎染可以幫助我們發展動手技能，也是與朋友和家人共度時光的有趣方式 。同時還介紹了用舊手套制作小娃娃的過程 。
Study skills：學習如何使用工具書，如詞典來查找單詞的含義、用法和發音 。通過具體例子，讓學生了解如何利用詞典解決學習中遇到的問題 。
Task：要求學生寫一篇關于自己DIY經歷的短文 。可以描述制作的物品、制作過程、遇到的困難及解決方法，以及自己的感受和收獲 。例如制作風箏、蛋糕等 。
三、隨堂練習
（一）詞匯運用（每題2分，共20分）
My cousin is ______ (crazy) about DIY. He often makes things by himself.
Please ______ (complete) the sentences with the correct words.
There are two ______ (shelf) in my room. One is for books and the other is for toys.
She ______ (fold) the letter and put it into the envelope.
Instead of ______ (watch) TV, he reads books every evening.
My father is good at ______ (repair) things. He can fix my bike easily.
We should not give up ______ (try) when we meet difficulties.
He made a lot of ______ (mistake) in his homework. His teacher was angry with him.
You'd better ______ (not be) late for school again.
Not only my sister but also I ______ (be) interested in DIY.
（二）單項選擇（每題2分，共20分）
—What are you going to do this weekend
—______ make a kite.
A. I'm going B. I'm going to C. I go to D. I will to
That music ______ very beautiful. I like it very much.
A. sounds B. looks C. tastes D. smells
You need ______ some glue and a pair of scissors to make the paper roses.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
He is crazy ______ playing basketball. He plays it every day.
A. with B. about C. in D. at
Don't ______ the pictures on the wall. It's not allowed.
A. put on B. put up C. put out D. put away
She made a mistake ______ spelling the word.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
______ run in the classroom. It's dangerous.
A. Do B. Don't C. Let D. Let's not
You ______ eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health.
A. should B. shouldn't C. had better D. had better to
Not only you but also he ______ to go to the party.
A. want B. wants C. to want D. wanting
He kept ______ me questions, which made me angry.
A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked
（三）句型轉換（每題3分，共15分）
You should listen to the teacher carefully in class.（改為祈使句）
______ ______ the teacher carefully in class.
He is going to paint the wall blue.（對劃線部分提問）
______ is he going to ______
She made a mistake in math.（改為否定句）
She ______ ______ a mistake in math.
Not only Tom but also his parents like watching TV.（改為同義句）
______ Tom ______ his parents like watching TV.
You'd better go to bed early.（改為否定句）
You'd better ______ ______ to bed early.
（四）閱讀理解（每題5分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，回答問題。
DIY is very popular in China now. Yang Chen works for a computer business in Beijing. Though he enjoys his work, it is hard for him to relax after work.
“For a long time, I had no choice but to go to a bar for a drink and karaoke to relax myself,” he said.
One day， when he saw many toy dogs in a toy shop, he had an idea. “Why not do some kinds of things and relax myself ” Then he began to make model planes, model ships and something else. The things that he had made by himself didn't look as professionally made as those in the shops, but he liked doing it.
“It is not as much fun to play with things which are bought expensively from the shops,” he said. Now his bookshelves are full of many kinds of things he has made. They are very beautiful, and his family and friends like them very much.
More and more young people are like Yang, making or creating things on their own. They like to do it themselves.
Though making things with our own hands may take much time, some people, now known as DIYers—do-it-yourselfers, enjoy doing it very much. They can make all kinds of things they like.
DIY is becoming more and more popular in China. It may be new to the young, yet many people remember when it was a way of life.
During the 1960s and 1970s, when there were not enough living things for people to live on, they had to use their own hands to do many things. Whitewashing the wall or making clothes was a part of life because there was no other choice. If you wanted something done, you had to do it yourself; and if you needed something, you made it yourself.
What did Yang Chen do to relax himself in the past
What does Yang Chen like doing now
Why was DIY a way of life during the 1960s and 1970s
（五）書面表達（10分）
以“My DIY Experience”為題，寫一篇短文，描述你的一次DIY經歷 。內容包括：你制作了什么、制作過程、遇到的困難及解決方法，以及你的感受和收獲 。至少80詞 。
答案
（一）詞匯運用
crazy 2. complete 3. shelves 4. folded 5. watching
6. repairing 7. trying 8. mistakes 9. not be 10. am
（二）單項選擇
1 - 5 BABBB 6 - 10 ABBBC
（三）句型轉換
Listen to 2. What; do 3. didn't make 4. Both; and 5. not go
（四）閱讀理解
He went to a bar for a drink and karaoke to relax himself.
He likes making model planes, model ships and other things by himself.
Because there were not enough living things for people to live on, and people had no other choice but to do many things by themselves.
（五）書面表達（參考范文）
My DIY Experience
Last weekend, I had an amazing DIY experience. I decided to make a wooden photo frame for my mother's birthday.
First, I prepared some wooden sticks, glue, a saw and sandpaper. Then, I carefully measured and cut the sticks to the right length with the saw. Next, I glued the sticks together to form a frame. However, I found it difficult to make the corners even. To solve this problem, I used some small clamps to hold the sticks firmly while the glue dried. After that, I sanded the frame to make it smooth. Finally, I decorated the frame with some colorful ribbons.
When I finished it, I felt a great sense of achievement. My mother was also very happy and proud of me. This DIY experience not only let me create a special gift but also taught me the value of patience and hard work.
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