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中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
譯林版八年級上冊Unit8 Safe and sound語法梳理+考點精煉
一、語法知識點總結。
過去進行時
構成：由“was/were + 現在分詞”構成。其中，第一人稱單數I和第三人稱單數he/she/it 以及單數名詞作主語時，用was；其他人稱及復數名詞作主語時，用were。
基本用法：
表示過去某一具體時刻正在進行的動作，常與at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at nine yesterday等表示過去的具體時間點的狀語連用 。例如：I was doing my homework at eight last night.（昨晚八點我正在做作業。）
表示過去某一段時間正在進行的動作，常與those days, that week, last winter等表示過去一段時間的狀語連用。例如：They were planting trees those days.（那些天他們一直在植樹。 ）
用于敘述事情的語境中，描述背景動作。例如：Mary was dancing. But when she saw me, she stopped.（瑪麗正在跳舞，但是當她看到我時，她停了下來。）
與一般過去時的區別：過去進行時強調過去某一時刻或時間段內正在進行或持續的動作；一般過去時表示動作發生在過去，且往往已經完成 。例如：He was playing basketball at three yesterday afternoon.（強調昨天下午三點正在進行的動作）；He played basketball yesterday afternoon.（強調昨天下午做過打籃球這個動作，已完成）
與時間狀語從句連用：
when引導的從句中，謂語動詞可以是短暫性動詞，也可以是延續性動詞。當主句動作和從句動作同時發生，且從句動作是短暫性動詞時，主句用過去進行時，從句用一般過去時；當從句動作是延續性動詞時，主從句可以都用過去進行時，也可以主句用一般過去時，從句用過去進行時 。例如：When I was walking in the street, I met an old friend.（從句動作延續，主句動作短暫）；When the teacher came in, we were talking.（從句動作短暫，主句動作延續）
while引導的從句中，謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞，強調主句和從句的動作同時進行，主從句常用過去進行時 。例如：While I was reading, my mother was washing clothes.（我讀書時，媽媽在洗衣服）
as引導的從句中，謂語動詞多為延續性動詞，強調兩個動作同時進行，可譯為“一邊……一邊……”或“隨著” 。例如：As I was walking, I was singing.（我一邊走一邊唱）；As time goes by, we are getting older.（隨著時間的流逝，我們逐漸變老）
復合名詞
構成方式：
名詞+名詞：如thunderstorm（雷暴），其中thunder（雷）是名詞，storm（暴風雨）是名詞；teamwork（團隊合作），team（團隊）是名詞，work（工作）是名詞。
名詞+動詞：如earthquake（地震），earth（地球）是名詞，quake（震動）是動詞；rainfall（降雨），rain（雨）是名詞，fall（落下）是動詞。
動詞+名詞：如passport（護照），pass（通過）是動詞，port（港口）是名詞；playground（操場），play（玩耍）是動詞，ground（地面）是名詞。
形容詞+名詞：如whiteboard（白板），white（白色的）是形容詞，board（板）是名詞；software（軟件），soft（軟的）是形容詞，ware（器具，制品）是名詞 。
二、專項訓練。
（一）單項選擇（每題1分，共15分）
—What ______ you ______ at 9:00 last night
—I was watching TV.
A. did; do B. were; doing C. are; doing D. do; do
While my mother ______ dinner, my father was cleaning the car.
A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. is cooking
The students ______ an English class when the teacher came in.
A. had B. have C. were having D. are having
I was walking in the park ______ I heard someone crying for help.
A. while B. as C. when D. since
He ______ his homework at this time yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. might be doing B. must do C. could do D. should do
When the earthquake happened, people ______ in all directions.
A. run B. ran C. are running D. were running
As we ______ along the road, we sang songs happily.
A. drive B. drove C. were driving D. are driving
While the children ______ games, their parents were watching TV.
A. played B. play C. were playing D. are playing
The little girl was reading a book ______ the doorbell rang.
A. when B. while C. as D. since
The workers ______ the fallen trees from the road all morning yesterday.
A. cleared B. are clearing C. were clearing D. will clear
“Thunderstorm” is a compound word. It is made up of “thunder” and “______”.
A. snow B. rain C. storm D. wind
Which of the following is a compound word formed by “verb + noun”
A. earthquake B. playground C. software D. thunderstorm
When the fire broke out, the firemen ______ to the scene immediately.
A. rushed B. were rushing C. rush D. are rushing
The boy was doing his homework ______ his mother was cooking in the kitchen.
A. as soon as B. until C. while D. since
I ______ my bike when it suddenly began to rain heavily.
A. rode B. was riding C. ride D. am riding
（二）用所給動詞的適當形式填空（每題2分，共20分）
I ______ (read) a novel at 7:00 yesterday evening.
They ______ (play) football on the playground at that time last Sunday.
When I got home, my mother ______ (cook) dinner.
While the teacher ______ (explain) the problem, some students were talking.
The children ______ (watch) TV when their parents came back.
He ______ (write) a letter to his friend while I was doing my homework.
As the sun ______ (rise), the birds were singing.
I ______ (not sleep) well last night because there was a lot of noise outside.
What ______ you ______ (do) at this time last week
The workers ______ (build) the bridge for two months last year.
（三）句型轉換（每題2分，共10分）
He was doing his homework at eight last night.（改為否定句）
He ______ ______ his homework at eight last night.
They were playing basketball on the playground at that time.（改為一般疑問句并作否定回答）
—______ they ______ basketball on the playground at that time
—No, ______ ______.
She was reading a book when the phone rang.（對劃線部分提問）
______ was she ______ when the phone rang
While I was walking in the park, I met an old friend.（改為同義句）
I was walking in the park ______ I met an old friend.
The students were having a PE class at this time yesterday.（對劃線部分提問）
______ were the students ______ at this time yesterday
（四）根據漢語提示完成句子（每題3分，共15分）
當暴風雨來臨時，人們正在四處奔跑。
People ______ ______ in all directions when the thunderstorm came.
昨天這個時候，她正在彈鋼琴。
She ______ ______ the piano at this time yesterday.
我爸爸在看電視的時候，我媽媽在洗衣服。
While my father ______ ______ TV, my mother was washing clothes.
“passport”是一個復合詞，它由“pass”和“port”組成。
“Passport” is a ______ word. It is made up of “pass” and “port”.
當老師進來時，我們正在討論那個問題。
We ______ ______ the problem when the teacher came in.
（五）閱讀理解（每題2分，共10分）
Last night, a big fire happened in a tall building. At 11:00 p.m., most people in the building were sleeping. When the fire started, some people were watching TV, some were chatting online, and a few were still working. The fire spread quickly. People ran out of their apartments in a hurry. Some were shouting for help, some were calling the firemen, and others were trying to put out the fire themselves.
The firemen arrived quickly. While they were putting out the fire, they were also helping people get out of the building safely. It was a difficult job because the fire was very strong. But finally, they managed to put out the fire and save most of the people.
What was the time when the fire happened
A. At 10:00 p.m. B. At 11:00 p.m. C. At 12:00 p.m. D. At 1:00 a.m.
What were some people doing when the fire started
A. They were sleeping. B. They were eating.
C. Some were watching TV. D. Some were cooking.
What were the firemen doing while they were putting out the fire
A. They were calling for more help. B. They were running away.
C. They were helping people get out of the building safely.
D. They were waiting for the fire to die down.
Why was it a difficult job for the firemen
A. Because there were too many people. B. Because the building was too tall.
C. Because the fire was very strong. D. Because they didn't have enough tools.
Which of the following is TRUE
A. All the people were sleeping when the fire started.
B. The firemen couldn't put out the fire.
C. Some people tried to put out the fire themselves.
D. No one was saved in the fire.
答案
（一）單項選擇
B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B
（二）用所給動詞的適當形式填空
was reading
were playing
was cooking
was explaining
were watching
was writing
was rising
didn't sleep
were; doing
were building
（三）句型轉換
wasn't doing
Were; playing; they weren't
What; doing
when
What; doing
（四）根據漢語提示完成句子
were running
was playing
was watching
compound
were discussing
（五）閱讀理解
B 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. C
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