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【2022新課標(biāo)】
2025秋新譯林版英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)
Unit 8 Safe and sound
知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
（單詞+短語+句子+語法）
重點(diǎn)單詞
1. 安全與危險(xiǎn)相關(guān)詞匯
1. protect /pr tekt/ v. 保護(hù)
2. safe /se f/ adj. 安全的
3. safety / se fti/ n. 安全
4. dangerous / de nd r s/ adj. 危險(xiǎn)的
5. risk /r sk/ n. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn) v. 冒險(xiǎn)
6. emergency / m rd nsi/ n. 緊急情況
7. accident / ks d nt/ n. 事故
8. injury / nd ri/ n. 受傷
9. harm /hɑ rm/ n.&v. 傷害
10. danger / de nd r/ n. 危險(xiǎn)
2. 交通安全
11. traffic / tr f k/ n. 交通
12. crosswalk / kr sw k/ n. 人行橫道
13. pedestrian /p destri n/ n. 行人
14. signal / s ɡn l/ n. 信號(hào)
15. helmet / helm t/ n. 頭盔
16. seatbelt / si tbelt/ n. 安全帶
17. speed /spi d/ n. 速度 v. 加速
18. obey / be / v. 遵守
19. violate / va le t/ v. 違反
3. 自然災(zāi)害與應(yīng)對(duì)
20. earthquake / rθkwe k/ n. 地震
21. flood /fl d/ n. 洪水
22. typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 臺(tái)風(fēng)
23. fire / fa r/ n. 火災(zāi)
24. escape / ske p/ v. 逃離
25. evacuate / v kjue t/ v. 疏散
26. shelter / elt r/ n. 避難所
27. survive /s r va v/ v. 生存
4. 健康與醫(yī)療安全
28. healthy / helθi/ adj. 健康的
29. unhealthy / n helθi/ adj. 不健康的
30. hygiene / ha d i n/ n. 衛(wèi)生
31. disease /d zi z/ n. 疾病
32. virus / va r s/ n. 病毒
33. medicine / med sn/ n. 藥物
34. first aid / f rst e d/ n. 急救
35. bandage / b nd d / n. 繃帶
36. bleed /bli d/ v. 流血
5. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與日常安全
37. online / n la n/ adj. 在線的
38. password / pɑ sw rd/ n. 密碼
39. privacy / pr v si/ n. 隱私
40. fraud /fr d/ n. 詐騙
41. stranger / stre nd r/ n. 陌生人
42. trust /tr st/ v.&n. 信任
43. lie /la / v. 說謊 n. 謊言
44. cheat /t i t/ v. 欺騙
6. 安全規(guī)則與建議
45. rule /ru l/ n. 規(guī)則
46. law /l / n. 法律
47. warning / w rn / n. 警告
48. caution / k n/ n. 謹(jǐn)慎
49. prevent /pr vent/ v. 預(yù)防
50. avoid / v d/ v. 避免
51. careful / ke fl/ adj. 小心的
52. careless / ke l s/ adj. 粗心的
7. 緊急情況處理
53. call for help 呼救
54. dial 110/120 撥打110/120
55. stay calm 保持冷靜
56. check for injuries 檢查傷勢(shì)
57. perform CPR 進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇
58. put out a fire 滅火
8. 形容詞與副詞
59. secure /s kj r/ adj. 安全的
60. insecure / ns kj r/ adj. 不安全的
61. serious / s ri s/ adj. 嚴(yán)重的
62. minor / ma n r/ adj. 輕微的
63. sudden / s dn/ adj. 突然的
64. immediately / mi di tli/ adv. 立即
9. 其他重要詞匯
65. responsibility /r sp ns b l ti/ n. 責(zé)任
66. awareness / we n s/ n. 意識(shí)
67. preparation / prep re n/ n. 準(zhǔn)備
68. equipment / kw pm nt/ n. 設(shè)備
69. survival kit 救生包
70. emergency exit 緊急出口
71. safety drill 安全演習(xí)
主要短語
1. 交通安全
1. obey traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則
2. wear a helmet 戴頭盔
3. fasten seatbelts 系安全帶
4. look both ways 左右看
5. jaywalk / d e w k/ v. 亂穿馬路
6. speed limit 限速
7. traffic light 交通信號(hào)燈
8. give way to pedestrians 禮讓行人
2. 緊急應(yīng)對(duì)
9. call for help 呼救
10. dial 110/120 撥打110/120
11. first aid kit 急救箱
12. perform CPR 進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇
13. stop bleeding 止血
14. escape route 逃生路線
15. emergency exit 緊急出口
16. fire extinguisher 滅火器
3. 自然災(zāi)害防護(hù)
17. earthquake drill 地震演習(xí)
18. take cover 躲避
19. evacuate immediately 立即疏散
20. flood warning 洪水警報(bào)
21. typhoon shelter 臺(tái)風(fēng)避難所
22. survival skills 生存技能
4. 日常安全
23. lock the door 鎖門
24. stranger danger 陌生人危險(xiǎn)
25. online safety 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全
26. strong password 強(qiáng)密碼
27. avoid fraud 防范詐騙
28. food hygiene 食品衛(wèi)生
29. poison control 防中毒
5. 健康安全
30. balanced diet 均衡飲食
31. stay hydrated 保持水分
32. regular exercise 規(guī)律鍛煉
33. mental health 心理健康
34. prevent diseases 預(yù)防疾病
35. wash hands frequently 勤洗手
6. 安全警示
36. No smoking 禁止吸煙
37. Danger! High voltage 危險(xiǎn)！高壓電
38. Caution! Wet floor 小心地滑
39. Keep out of reach of children 遠(yuǎn)離兒童
7. 行為規(guī)范
40. be responsible for... 對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)
41. raise safety awareness 提高安全意識(shí)
42. stay alert 保持警惕
43. keep calm in danger 危險(xiǎn)時(shí)保持冷靜
重點(diǎn)句型句子
1. 交通安全警示
1. You must obey traffic rules when crossing the road.
過馬路時(shí)必須遵守交通規(guī)則。
2. Always look both ways before stepping onto the street.
踏上馬路前務(wù)必左右查看。
3. Cyclists should wear helmets for protection.
騎行者應(yīng)當(dāng)佩戴頭盔保護(hù)自己。
4. Never jaywalk at busy intersections.
切勿在繁忙路口亂穿馬路。
5. The speed limit in school zones is 30 km/h.
學(xué)校區(qū)域限速30公里/小時(shí)。
2. 緊急情況處理
6. If you smell smoke, activate the fire alarm immediately.
如果聞到煙味，立即觸發(fā)火警報(bào)警器。
7. Call 120 immediately when someone gets seriously injured.
有人嚴(yán)重受傷時(shí)立即撥打120。
8. Stay calm and follow the evacuation route in emergencies.
緊急情況下保持冷靜，遵循疏散路線。
9. Do not use elevators during a fire emergency.
火災(zāi)緊急情況時(shí)不要使用電梯。
10. Apply pressure to stop bleeding from wounds.
按壓傷口止血。
3. 自然災(zāi)害應(yīng)對(duì)
11. Drop, cover and hold on during an earthquake.
地震時(shí)采取"趴下、掩護(hù)、抓牢"姿勢(shì)。
12. Evacuate to higher ground when flood warnings are issued.
發(fā)布洪水預(yù)警時(shí)向高處撤離。
13. Stay indoors and away from windows during a typhoon.
臺(tái)風(fēng)期間待在室內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離窗戶。
14. Prepare an emergency survival kit with essential supplies.
準(zhǔn)備裝有必需品的應(yīng)急生存包。
4. 日常安全守則
15. Never share your passwords with strangers online.
切勿向陌生人透露網(wǎng)絡(luò)密碼。
16. Check food expiration dates before consumption.
食用前檢查食品保質(zhì)期。
17. Keep sharp objects out of children's reach.
將尖銳物品放在兒童接觸不到的地方。
18. Report suspicious packages to authorities immediately.
立即向當(dāng)局報(bào)告可疑包裹。
19. Install smoke detectors in every bedroom.
每個(gè)臥室都應(yīng)安裝煙霧探測(cè)器。
5. 健康安全建議
20. Wash your hands thoroughly for at least 20 seconds.
徹底洗手至少20秒。
21. Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing.
咳嗽或打噴嚏時(shí)捂住口鼻。
22. Get vaccinated to prevent infectious diseases.
接種疫苗預(yù)防傳染性疾病。
23. Maintain good posture when using electronic devices.
使用電子設(shè)備時(shí)保持良好姿勢(shì)。
6. 安全責(zé)任表達(dá)
24. It's everyone's responsibility to ensure campus safety.
確保校園安全是每個(gè)人的責(zé)任。
25. Parents should teach children basic safety knowledge.
家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)當(dāng)教授孩子基本安全知識(shí)。
26. The government has issued new safety regulations.
政府已頒布新的安全法規(guī)。
27. Our school organizes fire drills twice a year.
我們學(xué)校每年組織兩次消防演習(xí)。
7. 安全設(shè)施使用
28. Locate the nearest emergency exit upon entering buildings.
進(jìn)入建筑物時(shí)先確認(rèn)最近緊急出口位置。
29. Fire extinguishers should be checked monthly.
滅火器應(yīng)當(dāng)每月檢查。
30. Emergency lighting will activate during power failures.
斷電時(shí)應(yīng)急照明會(huì)自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)。
8. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全警示
31. Think twice before clicking unknown links.
點(diǎn)擊未知鏈接前要三思。
32. Social media privacy settings should be reviewed regularly.
應(yīng)定期檢查社交媒體隱私設(shè)置。
33. Never meet online friends alone in private places.
切勿單獨(dú)在私密場(chǎng)所見網(wǎng)友。
9. 急救知識(shí)表達(dá)
34. If someone is choking, perform the Heimlich maneuver.
如果有人窒息，實(shí)施海姆立克急救法。
35. For minor burns, cool the area with running water.
輕微燙傷時(shí)用流動(dòng)冷水沖洗傷處。
36. Place an unconscious person in the recovery position.
讓昏迷者保持復(fù)蘇體位。
10. 綜合安全建議
37. Safety awareness should be cultivated from childhood.
安全意識(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)從小培養(yǎng)。
38. Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to safety.
在安全問題上，預(yù)防永遠(yuǎn)勝于補(bǔ)救。
語法點(diǎn)
本單元語法主要是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和when,while,as的用法等。
過去進(jìn)行時(shí) (Past Continuous Tense)
一）定義與功能
定義：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
核心功能：
1. 描述過去特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和未完成性
3. 與一般過去時(shí)搭配，表示背景動(dòng)作
二）結(jié)構(gòu)公式
肯定句：
主語 + was/were + 現(xiàn)在分詞 (V-ing)
- I was doing homework at 8 pm yesterday.
- They were playing football when it rained.
否定句：
主語 + was/were + not + 現(xiàn)在分詞
- She wasn't sleeping when you called.
疑問句：
Was/Were + 主語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞
- Were you studying at this time yesterday
三）使用場(chǎng)景
1. 過去特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
常與以下時(shí)間狀語連用：
- at 8 o'clock yesterday
- this time last week
- when/while/as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句
例句：
- At 7 pm yesterday, I was watching TV.
- When you arrived, we were having dinner.
2. 兩個(gè)過去動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
- 長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作（持續(xù)） → 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
- 短動(dòng)作（打斷） → 一般過去時(shí)
句型：
...was/were + V-ing + when + 一般過去時(shí)
- I was reading when the phone rang.
對(duì)比：
- While I was cooking, she was setting the table.（兩個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作）
3. 描述故事背景
- The sun was shining, birds were singing...
四）動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則
動(dòng)詞原形 變化規(guī)則 現(xiàn)在分詞
work 直接加-ing working
take 去e加-ing taking
run 雙寫尾字母加-ing running
lie 變ie為y加-ing lying
注：
- 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫尾字母：stop → stopping
- 以"ie"結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞：die → dying
五）時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志詞
1. 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)：
- at 9 am yesterday
- at this time last Sunday
2. when/while/as 引導(dǎo)的從句：
- While I was walking, I saw an accident.
3. all + 時(shí)間段（強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)性）：
- He was painting all afternoon.
六）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)與特殊用法
1. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)（如：know, want, believe）
- I was knowing the answer.
- I knew the answer.
2. when vs while：
- when + 一般過去時(shí)（短動(dòng)作）
- while + 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）
- When I opened the door, she was crying.
- While I was cooking, he was watching TV.
3. 禮貌性詢問（委婉提問）：
- I was wondering if you could help me.
七）對(duì)比練一下
1. 一般過去時(shí) vs 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
- She wrote a letter last night.（已完成）
- She was writing a letter at 8 pm.（當(dāng)時(shí)在寫）
2. 填空：
- It ______ (rain) when we ______ (leave) the house.
→ was raining, left
when, while, as 用法：
一）核心區(qū)別總覽
連詞 側(cè)重含義 時(shí)態(tài)搭配 典型場(chǎng)景
when 時(shí)間點(diǎn)/瞬間動(dòng)作 主從句可用任意過去時(shí)態(tài) 突發(fā)性事件
while 時(shí)間段/持續(xù)動(dòng)作 從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí) 同時(shí)發(fā)生的長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作
as 漸進(jìn)性/伴隨變化 主從句動(dòng)作同步發(fā)展 動(dòng)態(tài)背景下的動(dòng)作
二）解析
1. When
功能：
表示 某個(gè)具體時(shí)間點(diǎn) 發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
強(qiáng)調(diào) 主從句動(dòng)作的先后順序
時(shí)態(tài)搭配：
主句（一般過去時(shí)） + when + 從句（一般過去時(shí)）
I was cooking when the phone rang.（做飯時(shí)電話突然響）
主句（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)） + when + 從句（一般過去時(shí)）
She was sleeping when I arrived.
特殊用法：
表示"每當(dāng)"（= whenever）：
When spring comes, flowers bloom.
2. While
功能：
強(qiáng)調(diào) 兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作
側(cè)重 動(dòng)作過程的對(duì)比
時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)則：
while + 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句可用：
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)持續(xù)）：
While I was reading, he was writing.
一般過去時(shí)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作被打斷）：
While she was cooking, the baby cried.
限制條件：
while 后 必須接延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：
While I was studying...
While I opened the door...（open為瞬間動(dòng)詞）
3. As
功能：
表示 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同步漸進(jìn)發(fā)展
強(qiáng)調(diào) 伴隨變化或因果關(guān)系
典型結(jié)構(gòu)：
as + 一般過去時(shí)/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
As I walked home, it began to rain.（邊走邊下雨）
As time went by, the weather got worse.
特殊場(chǎng)景：
表示"正當(dāng)...的時(shí)候"（= just at that moment）：
As I opened the door, the cat ran in.
三）對(duì)比辨析
1. When vs While
動(dòng)作性質(zhì)：
when：可接瞬間/延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
When the light went out, I screamed.（瞬間）
while：只接延續(xù)動(dòng)詞
While I was eating, the light went out.
時(shí)間焦點(diǎn)：
when：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的 時(shí)間點(diǎn)
while：強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)的 時(shí)間段
2. As vs While
動(dòng)態(tài)性：
as：暗示主從句動(dòng)作 同步變化
As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.
while：僅表示 時(shí)間重疊
While the sun was rising, birds were singing.
因果暗示：
as 常隱含因果關(guān)系：
As the temperature dropped, the lake froze.
四）易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)警示
時(shí)態(tài)誤用：
While I watched TV, he came in.（watch應(yīng)為was watching）
動(dòng)詞限制：
While I received his call...（receive為瞬間動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)改用when）
連詞混用：
As I was sleeping, suddenly the phone rang.（突然事件應(yīng)用when）
五）練一下
用 when/while/as 填空：
______ I was walking the dog, I met my teacher. (While/As)
______ the bell rang, students rushed out. (When)
改錯(cuò)：
While the accident happened, I was shopping.
→ When the accident happened...（happen為瞬間動(dòng)詞）

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