資源簡(jiǎn)介

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，并分析其所作成分
The angry mother shouted to the boy in a loud voice，“What’s up You were absent from class again！” Lowering his head，Bob responded at once，“①Sorry，mom，but I can’t resist going to the music concert held in the city hall.”Hearing this，the mother flushed with anger and screamed，“②As a student，studying is your first task.” ③Bob nodded his head and begged for his mother’s forgiveness for his being absent from class.“④It is no good doing something meaningless.Only if you put your heart into study will you have a bright future，” the mother warned.
1．句①中g(shù)oing to the music concert和句③中his being absent from class均為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。
2．句②中studying為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。
3．句④中It作形式主語(yǔ)，doing something meaningless為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作真正的主語(yǔ)。
　　　
一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常置于句首。
Working under these conditions is not a pleasant but an unbearable thing.
在這些條件下工作不是一件愉快的事，而是一件難以忍受的事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于人們保持健康。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪費(fèi)別人的時(shí)間無(wú)異于謀財(cái)害命。
注意：(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的愛(ài)好，在朋友的生日宴會(huì)上唱歌是我的夢(mèng)想。
(2)單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)爬山確實(shí)困難。
2．形式主語(yǔ)it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。
此類句式常見(jiàn)的有：
It’s a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。 It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)用/是值得的。 It’s no good/use/fun doing sth. 做某事沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用/沒(méi)意思。
It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.
勸說(shuō)如此固執(zhí)的一個(gè)人加入我們是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel a second time.這么好的小說(shuō)很值得再讀一遍。
Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.正如俗話所說(shuō)：覆水難收。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等待別人為你做決定是沒(méi)好處的。
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
1．作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)
常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：
避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy/like，imagine，can’t help)
承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打開(kāi)窗子嗎？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了當(dāng)眾被人看不起。
2．作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在單個(gè)的介詞或在含介詞的短語(yǔ)后作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的含介詞的短語(yǔ)有dream of/about，insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，be devoted to，be addicted to，get/be used to，pay attention to，care about，set about，be concerned about，be interested in，think of，aim at，set about，get down to，stick to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我夢(mèng)想著環(huán)游世界，過(guò)上幸福的生活。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going hiking tomorrow.
因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓茫麄儾坏貌环艞壝魈斓耐讲铰眯小?br/>She has been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Zhangjiajie.
她一直盼望有機(jī)會(huì)參觀張家界。
3．在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞常省略：
spend...(in) doing sth 花費(fèi)……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
做某事有困難/麻煩
prohibit/stop/prevent...(from) doing sth
阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
做某事很開(kāi)心/很費(fèi)勁
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事毫無(wú)意義。
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天總是忙于工作，這使他很少有時(shí)間和孩子一起玩。
Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.
既然我們已經(jīng)完成了工作，再待下去就沒(méi)有意義了。
4．有些動(dòng)詞如start，begin，continue等后面既可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他們繼續(xù)工作，就像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)似的。
5．有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但意義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：
動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)的形式 意義
forget to do 忘記去做……
doing 忘記做過(guò)……
remember to do 記著要去做……
doing 記得做過(guò)……
regret to do 遺憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 盡力做……
doing 嘗試做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味著……
go on to do 接著做(另外一件事)
doing 接著做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下來(lái)去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問(wèn)好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間。
You have no excuse for not going.
你沒(méi)有理由不去。
He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。
四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞-ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞-ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)
①肯定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格＋doing...
②否定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格＋not doing...
His/Tom’s coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.
他的/湯姆的來(lái)訪對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是極大的鼓勵(lì)。
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰瑞未能按時(shí)到達(dá)令在場(chǎng)的人很生氣。
2．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)
①肯定形式：
＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？你介意瑪麗關(guān)上窗戶嗎？
②否定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞賓格/名詞/名詞的所有格＋not doing...
He apologized for his not being able to accompany me to the bookstore.
他因不能陪我去書(shū)店而道歉。
五、動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
Being invited to the party was a great honour to the family.
被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)對(duì)這家人來(lái)說(shuō)是莫大的榮幸。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.不被允許出去使他非常生氣。
While shopping，women sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying more clothes than necessary.在購(gòu)物時(shí)，女性有時(shí)會(huì)禁不住被勸說(shuō)購(gòu)買更多不必要的衣服。
To avoid being seen by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
為了避免被老師看見(jiàn)，托尼從后門偷偷溜進(jìn)了教室。
注意：下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式：
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
這輛自行車需要修理。
The proposal deserves considering/to be considered.這個(gè)提議值得考慮。
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．Jack couldn’t resist playing(play) computer games in his spare time.
2．He didn’t mind her(she) crying，which made their relationship fall apart.
3．It is no good associating(associate) with such a selfish person.
4．As soon as they arrived at the farm，they got down to picking(pick) peaches.
5．Many people have suggested setting(set) up more nature reserves to protect rare animals.
6．What made her parents excited was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
7．Memorizing more words and expressions is(be) of vital importance to English learning.
8．Being brought(bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was very young.
9．It is worthwhile cycling(cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
10．For a lot of people，becoming(become) a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
Ⅱ.完成下列語(yǔ)段，盡可能多地使用本單元語(yǔ)法
隨著晚會(huì)的進(jìn)行，話題轉(zhuǎn)到了即將到來(lái)的節(jié)日。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)談?wù)撌フQ節(jié)使每個(gè)人異常激動(dòng)。然而，置身新環(huán)境里使Kelly完全沉默了，一種失落感向她襲來(lái)。Jennifer意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么，這驅(qū)使她問(wèn)道：“Kelly，泰國(guó)人在這個(gè)時(shí)候慶祝什么？”其他孩子忍不住非常好奇地問(wèn)她。“為感謝水之母而慶祝一個(gè)大型的節(jié)日是我們通常所做的事。”Jennifer想出了一個(gè)好主意，她的眼睛閃爍著興奮的光芒。“我們一起慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日一定會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。”朋友們的陪伴使得Kelly的鄉(xiāng)愁消散了。
As the party went on，the topic turned to the coming festival.There was no doubt that 1.talking about Christmas made everyone extremely excited.However,2.being in a new environment made Kelly totally silent，a sense of loss creeping up on her.3.Jennifer’s being aware of what happened drove her to ask，“Kelly，what do Thai people celebrate at this time？” The other kids 4.couldn’t resist asking her with overwhelming curiosity.“5.Celebrating a grand festival to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.” A good idea occurred to Jennifer，with her eyes twinkling with excitement.“We are bound to have a good time (in) 6.celebrating the festival together.” 7.Being accompanied by friends made Kelly’s homesickness melt away.
作業(yè)3　Grammar and usage
[分值：77.5分]
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
1．I regret to tell you that I forgot to tell(tell) him the news.
2．He couldn’t help weeping(weep) when enjoying the blues.
3．Keep in mind that it is no good reciting(recite) without understanding.
4．It is essential for us to use(use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way.
5．You can’t imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm.
6．The young students are so energetic that I enjoy being surrounded(surround) by them.
7．A foreign language needs practising/to be practised(practise) frequently to be mastered.
8．As we all know，combining(combine) theory with practice will achieve dramatic results.
9．Being exposed(expose) to loud music for a long time will have a negative effect on your hearing.
10．He was tired of being regarded(regard) as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
Ⅱ.單句寫作(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)
1．我期待在您方便的時(shí)候早日收到您的回復(fù)。
I am looking forward to receiving your early reply at your convenience.
2．不可否認(rèn)的是，經(jīng)常鍛煉和保持均衡的飲食對(duì)我們的健康非常有益處。
There is no denying that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet are of great benefit to our health.
3．自從他退休以來(lái)他就一直夢(mèng)想著沿絲綢之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
4．在森林里迷路使簡(jiǎn)后悔與她的丈夫吵架。
Being lost in the forest made Jane regret quarrelling with her husband.
5．聽(tīng)音樂(lè)感覺(jué)就像有人在我耳邊輕聲鼓勵(lì)我。
Listening to music feels like someone whispering encouragement in my ear.
Ⅲ.主題語(yǔ)篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2024·河南許昌高二上期末)
According to a well-known team of researchers，there are three kinds of smiles：genuine(真誠(chéng)的)，false，and miserable.How can we distinguish them In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自發(fā)的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.However，if they were to focus only on the face，they would probably know whether a smile was genuine or not.
This is because two muscles are involved in spontaneous smiling.The first muscle is a ring-like band of muscle around each eye.When it contracts，it causes what we know as “smiling eyes”．The other muscle extends from the top of the cheekbone to the corners of the mouth.It moves the mouth upwards when we smile.This muscle on its own produces what we call the “mouth smile”. When people genuinely smile，in a spontaneous burst of positive emotions，the corners of the mouth move up and the muscles around the eyes also contract.It is these muscles that show that a smile is sincere.
Smiles can mean very different things in different countries.In the USA，for example，a smile is a friendly，positive gesture of trust.In contrast，in some Asian societies，people smile when they are happy，of course，but also when they feel anger，sadness，confusion，or embarrassment，perhaps to mask their true feelings.
Cultural norms aside，some people tend to smile more than others and that seems to indicate they are cheerful，optimistic types.But that relationship isn’t strictly true.Some people rarely smile and are quite happy.Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious.Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other，but a genuine，heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be misunderstood.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了由于分心，大多數(shù)人在現(xiàn)實(shí)中無(wú)法察覺(jué)虛假的微笑。文中解釋了微笑是如何自然而然發(fā)生的以及微笑在不同的國(guó)家有不同的含義。
1．What did the experiments show
A．Most people tend to force a smile when taking pictures.
B．People wearing a fake smile can be genuine sometimes.
C．People using body language are often smiling genuinely.
D．Most people fail to detect fake smiles in reality due to distractions.
答案　D
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自發(fā)的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明了由于分心，大多數(shù)人在現(xiàn)實(shí)中無(wú)法察覺(jué)虛假的微笑。故選D。
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How to control facial muscles.
B．How smiles influence emotions.
C．How to distinguish different smiles.
D．How spontaneous smiling happens.
答案　D
解析　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段第一句提到自發(fā)的微笑涉及兩塊肌肉，接著講了第一塊肌肉收縮時(shí)，會(huì)形成我們所知的“微笑的眼睛”。另一塊肌肉會(huì)讓嘴巴向上移動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生我們所說(shuō)的“嘴角微笑”。當(dāng)人們真誠(chéng)地微笑時(shí)，在一種自發(fā)的積極情緒爆發(fā)中，嘴角會(huì)上揚(yáng)，眼睛周圍的肌肉也會(huì)收縮。正是這些肌肉表明微笑是真誠(chéng)的。由此可知，第二段主要講了自然微笑是如何產(chǎn)生的。故選D。
3．Why are the USA and some Asian societies mentioned in the text
A．To show the problems brought by smiling.
B．To show some cultural differences of smiling.
C．To explain how people hide their true feelings.
D．To explain why smiling more can have positive effects.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。通讀倒數(shù)第二段可知，該段第一句為段落主旨句，指出微笑在不同的國(guó)家有不同的含義。接著以美國(guó)和一些亞洲社會(huì)為例，說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。由此可知，文中提到美國(guó)和一些亞洲社會(huì)是為了展示與微笑相關(guān)的文化差異。故選B。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Smiling has little to do with character.
B．Smiling can clear up misunderstandings.
C．People rarely smiling are hard to get on with.
D．Uncertain smiles cannot lead to close relationships.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，有些人比其他人更愛(ài)笑，這似乎表明他們是開(kāi)朗、樂(lè)觀的類型。但這種關(guān)系并不完全正確。有些人很少微笑，卻很快樂(lè)。另一些人通常在他們感到焦慮的時(shí)候臉上掛著微笑。由此可推知，微笑與性格沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。故選A。
B(此篇精讀)
Do you listen to music at the gym Today，most gym-goers like to wear head-phones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise.Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步機(jī)) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.According to a news release，this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”．These findings were published online ahead of print on June 22.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive(認(rèn)知的) exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state.The researchers found that “l(fā)istening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance，potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”．
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities，including exercise.Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，therefore，useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added.“This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)自選的個(gè)性化的音樂(lè)可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。
5．What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison.
B．To lead in the topic.
C．To make a prediction.
D．To ask for information.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步機(jī)) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.”可推知，在第一段提出問(wèn)題是為了引入本文所要討論的話題——跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)可以對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。故選B。
6．What was taken into consideration in the experiment design
A．Runners’ cognitive levels.
B．Runners’ mental states.
C．Runners’ running ability.
D．Runners’ music preference.
答案　B
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“For this study，researchers...designed to put them in a mentally tired state.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)是在跑步者精神疲憊的情況下進(jìn)行的。由此可知，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了跑步者的精神狀態(tài)。故選B。
7．Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs
A．To describe the experimental process.
B．To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C．To further illustrate the result of the finding.
D．To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的研究結(jié)論“l(fā)istening to self-selected music...when listening to music”結(jié)合最后兩段內(nèi)容，尤其最后一段中的“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”可推知，最后兩段引用Shaun Phillips說(shuō)的話是為了進(jìn)一步闡明研究結(jié)果。故選C。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B．Motivational music cheers runners up.
C．Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D．Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段最后一句以及最后一段可知，本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)個(gè)性化的音樂(lè)可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)，即個(gè)性化音樂(lè)讓跑步者不那么疲憊。故選A。
[詞匯積累] 1．personalized adj.個(gè)性化的，為某人特制的→personal adj.個(gè)人的；親自的→personally adv.在個(gè)人看來(lái)；親自 2．motivation n．動(dòng)力；積極性→motivate vt.成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)；激勵(lì)；激發(fā)→motivated adj.有動(dòng)機(jī)的，有目的的；積極的→motivational adj.激發(fā)積極性的 3．investigate v．調(diào)查；研究→investigation n．調(diào)查；學(xué)術(shù)或科學(xué)研究 4．occurrence n．發(fā)生的事情，存在的事物；發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)→occur v．發(fā)生 5．endurance n．耐久力；忍耐力 [句式分析] Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill fights with mental tiredness and improves performance. 分析：此句為復(fù)合句。Based on practical experience為形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句中，while表示“與……同時(shí)”，與running on a treadmill一起構(gòu)成狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。 翻譯：基于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，最近的一項(xiàng)研究提供了新的證據(jù)，表明在跑步機(jī)上跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)對(duì)抗精神疲勞，并提高表現(xiàn)。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
3D-Printed Violins
While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how they were and who made them. 1 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.
However，the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to The Acoustical Society of America’s AVIVA Young Artists Program.The team’s inspiration roots in multiple places.Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials，to use the new technology of other fields，and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments. 2 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins，sharing the 3D-printing files with makers，or a combination of both.
3 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians，while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原聲的) violin.The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 4
“The next step is to lower the costs of production for making such instruments more widely available，especially in the field of education，” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown，director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program.Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology. 5 Effective results have been obtained from many of them.
A．The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B．Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C．Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D．Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E．Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F．3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G．The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
1．答案　C
解析　上文“While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one...”講述了小提琴的價(jià)格非常昂貴，下文“This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.”講述了前面所述情況讓許多人難以接觸到小提琴。由此可知，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，講述小提琴的昂貴，C項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，即使是學(xué)生們用的基礎(chǔ)款小提琴也要花費(fèi)1 000美元甚至更多”符合題意。故選C。
2．答案　G
解析　上文“Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds...”講述了該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，空處應(yīng)承接上文，G項(xiàng)“該項(xiàng)目還旨在為那些買不起小提琴的孩子們提供小提琴”符合題意，講述了該項(xiàng)目的另一個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選G。
3．答案　A
解析　下文“The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to...while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原聲的) violin.”講述了琴頸和指板、琴身分別使用的材料，A項(xiàng)“這把小提琴是由3D打印出的兩部分構(gòu)成的”引出下文，選項(xiàng)中的“two pieces”對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin’s body”。故選A。
4．答案　E
解析　上文“The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins.”講述了3D打印出來(lái)的小提琴與常規(guī)小提琴之間的區(qū)別，此處應(yīng)承接上文，講述二者的其他差別，E項(xiàng)“此外，AVIVA小提琴比傳統(tǒng)的木制小提琴更不易損壞”符合題意。故選E。
5．答案　B
解析　上文“Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.”提到用3D打印技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的樂(lè)器并不止小提琴，空處應(yīng)承接上文，講述有其他樂(lè)器被打印，B項(xiàng)“之前有許多樂(lè)器都被用3D打印機(jī)生產(chǎn)過(guò)”符合題意。故選B。
Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·江蘇蘇州高二上期中)
The full moon lights up the sky on 1. evening of the Lantern Festival.The festival，which falls 2. the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar，marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year 3. (celebration) each year.
Solving “l(fā)antern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival，which include eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon，and 4. (lose) in colorful lighted lanterns.These guessing games 5. (refer) to as lantern riddles because they involve riddles 6. (write) on lanterns or on slips of paper attached to lanterns.They often contain messages of great 7. (wise) and good fortune，and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while practicing language and problem-analyzing skills.
A good many of the classic riddles connect with Chinese characters，historical figures，literary references，or names of cities and other places in China.People must guess the answer by thinking about the 8. (vary) meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle.9._____________(basic)，a tip will be provided，such as indicating 10. the answer is a person，a place，or a thing.
1．答案　the
解析　考查定冠詞。此處用定冠詞the特指元宵節(jié)的晚上。故填the。
2．答案　on
解析　考查介詞。根據(jù)空格后的具體日期the 15th day of the first month可知，具體的某一天前應(yīng)用介詞on。fall on“適逢”。故填on。
3．答案　celebrations
解析　考查名詞的數(shù)。Chinese New Year作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，結(jié)合句意可知，新年的慶祝活動(dòng)多種多樣，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞celebration的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填celebrations。
4．答案　being lost
解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由and表并列可知，空格處和eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon并列，在句中作include的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。be lost in為固定搭配，意為“沉浸在……中”。故填being lost。
5．答案　are referred
解析　考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。空格處在主句中作謂語(yǔ)，refer與主語(yǔ)games之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；陳述事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are。故填are referred。
6．答案　written
解析　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)為involve，空格處在從句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾riddles，riddles和write之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，write應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填written。
7．答案　wisdom
解析　考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞great可知，空格處填名詞，wisdom為不可數(shù)名詞，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填wisdom。
8．答案　various/varied
解析　考查形容詞。根據(jù)空格后的名詞meanings可知，空格處填形容詞various/varied作定語(yǔ)。故填various/varied。
9．答案　Basically
解析　考查副詞。空格處修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞basically，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Basically。
10．答案　whether
解析　考查連詞。whether...or...是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“是……或是……”。故填whether。(共82張PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
The universal language
Unit 2
內(nèi)容索引
情境導(dǎo)讀
語(yǔ)法總覽
語(yǔ)法精講
作業(yè)3
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)
情境導(dǎo)讀
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并分析其所作成分
The angry mother shouted to the boy in a loud voice，“What’s up You were absent from class again！” Lowering his head，Bob responded at once，“①Sorry，mom，but I can’t resist going to the music concert held in the city hall.”Hearing this，the mother flushed with anger and screamed，“②As a student，studying is your first task.” ③Bob nodded his head and begged for his mother’s forgiveness for his being absent from class.“④It is no good doing something meaningless.Only if you put your heart into study will you have a bright future，” the mother warned.
1.句①中g(shù)oing to the music concert和句③中his being absent from class均為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作 。
2.句②中studying為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作 。
3.句④中It作 ，doing something meaningless為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作 。
賓語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)
形式主語(yǔ)
返 回
真正的主語(yǔ)
語(yǔ)法總覽
返 回
語(yǔ)法精講
一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)
1.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，通常置于句首。
Working under these conditions is not a pleasant but an unbearable thing.
在這些條件下工作不是一件愉快的事，而是一件難以忍受的事。
Having a walk every day helps to make one keep healthy.
每天散步有助于人們保持健康。
Wasting a person’s time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪費(fèi)別人的時(shí)間無(wú)異于謀財(cái)害命。
注意：(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。
Singing is my hobby，and to sing at my friend’s birthday party is my dream.
唱歌是我的愛(ài)好，在朋友的生日宴會(huì)上唱歌是我的夢(mèng)想。
(2)單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.對(duì)于老人來(lái)說(shuō)爬山確實(shí)困難。
2.形式主語(yǔ)it代替動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。
此類句式常見(jiàn)的有：
It’s a waste of time doing sth.
做某事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
It’s useless/worthwhile doing sth.
做某事沒(méi)用/是值得的。
It’s no good/use/fun doing sth.
做某事沒(méi)好處/沒(méi)用/沒(méi)意思。
It is a waste of time persuading such a stubborn person to join us.
勸說(shuō)如此固執(zhí)的一個(gè)人加入我們是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
It is worthwhile reading such a wonderful novel a second time.這么好的小說(shuō)很值得再讀一遍。
Just as the saying goes，it is no use crying over spilt milk.正如俗話所說(shuō)：覆水難收。
It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等待別人為你做決定是沒(méi)好處的。
二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)
1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)
常接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：
避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)
建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest，finish，practise)
喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy/like，imagine，can’t help)
承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)
逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打開(kāi)窗子嗎？
I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜歡看電視，但是喜歡聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。
He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。
She can’t stand being looked down upon in public.她忍受不了當(dāng)眾被人看不起。
2.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式可在單個(gè)的介詞或在含介詞的短語(yǔ)后作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的含介詞的短語(yǔ)有dream of/about，insist on，object to，be good at，be fond of，lead to，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，be devoted to，be addicted to，get/be used to，pay attention to，care about，set about，be concerned about，be interested in，think of，aim at，set about，get down to，stick to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他堅(jiān)持要按照自己的方法做。
I dream of sailing around the world and leading a happy life.
我夢(mèng)想著環(huán)游世界，過(guò)上幸福的生活。
Because of the bad weather，they have to give up going hiking tomorrow.
因?yàn)樘鞖獠缓茫麄儾坏貌环艞壝魈斓耐讲铰眯小?br/>She has been looking forward to having a chance to pay a visit to Zhangjiajie.
她一直盼望有機(jī)會(huì)參觀張家界。
3.在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞常省略：
spend...(in) doing sth 花費(fèi)……做某事
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth
做某事有困難/麻煩
prohibit/stop/prevent...(from) doing sth
阻止……做某事
waste time (in) doing sth 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事
be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth
做某事很開(kāi)心/很費(fèi)勁
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事毫無(wú)意義。
He is always busy working every day，which has made him have little time to play with his child.
他每天總是忙于工作，這使他很少有時(shí)間和孩子一起玩。
Now that we have finished our work，there is no point staying any longer.
既然我們已經(jīng)完成了工作，再待下去就沒(méi)有意義了。
4.有些動(dòng)詞如start，begin，continue等后面既可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式也可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，兩者意義區(qū)別不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他們繼續(xù)工作，就像什么也沒(méi)發(fā)生過(guò)似的。
5.有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后跟不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)均可，但意義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：
動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)的形式 意義
forget to do 忘記去做……
doing 忘記做過(guò)……
remember to do 記著要去做……
doing 記得做過(guò)……
regret to do 遺憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)) 賓語(yǔ)的形式 意義
try to do 盡力做……
doing 嘗試做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味著……
go on to do 接著做(另外一件事)
doing 接著做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下來(lái)去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
請(qǐng)記著代我向你的家人問(wèn)好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍記得第一次參觀博物館的情景。
三、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)not應(yīng)放在邏輯主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式之間。
You have no excuse for not going.
你沒(méi)有理由不去。
He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。
四、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)詞-ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是給動(dòng)詞-ing形式加了一個(gè)邏輯主語(yǔ)。
1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)
①肯定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格＋doing...
②否定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/名詞的所有格＋not doing...
His/Tom’s coming to visit is a great encouragement to us.
他的/湯姆的來(lái)訪對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是極大的鼓勵(lì)。
Jerry’s not arriving on time made the people present angry.
杰瑞未能按時(shí)到達(dá)令在場(chǎng)的人很生氣。
2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)
①肯定形式：
名詞/名詞的所有格
代詞賓格/形容詞性物主代詞
＋動(dòng)詞-ing形式
Would you mind my/me closing the window
你介意我關(guān)上窗戶嗎？
Would you mind Mary’s/Mary closing the window？你介意瑪麗關(guān)上窗戶嗎？
②否定形式：形容詞性物主代詞/代詞賓格/名詞/名詞的所有格＋not doing...
He apologized for his not being able to accompany me to the bookstore.
他因不能陪我去書(shū)店而道歉。
五、動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
Being invited to the party was a great honour to the family.
被邀請(qǐng)參加晚會(huì)對(duì)這家人來(lái)說(shuō)是莫大的榮幸。
Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.不被允許出去使他非常生氣。
While shopping，women sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying more clothes than necessary.在購(gòu)物時(shí)，女性有時(shí)會(huì)禁不住被勸說(shuō)購(gòu)買更多不必要的衣服。
To avoid being seen by the teacher，Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
為了避免被老師看見(jiàn)，托尼從后門偷偷溜進(jìn)了教室。
注意：下列動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式：
need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
這輛自行車需要修理。
The proposal deserves considering/to be considered.這個(gè)提議值得考慮。
返 回
達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)
1.Jack couldn’t resist (play) computer games in his spare time.
2.He didn’t mind (she) crying，which made their relationship fall apart.
3.It is no good (associate) with such a selfish person.
4.As soon as they arrived at the farm，they got down to (pick) peaches.
5.Many people have suggested (set) up more nature reserves to protect rare animals.
playing
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
her
associating
picking
setting
6.What made her parents excited was her (admit) to her dream university.
7.Memorizing more words and expressions (be) of vital importance to English learning.
8. (bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was very young.
9.It is worthwhile (cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
10.For a lot of people， (become) a millionaire is a symbol of success and they set this as their ultimate goal.
being admitted
is
Being brought
cycling
becoming
隨著晚會(huì)的進(jìn)行，話題轉(zhuǎn)到了即將到來(lái)的節(jié)日。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)談?wù)撌フQ節(jié)使每個(gè)人異常激動(dòng)。然而，置身新環(huán)境里使Kelly完全沉默了，一種失落感向她襲來(lái)。
Ⅱ.完成下列語(yǔ)段，盡可能多地使用本單元語(yǔ)法
As the party went on，the topic turned to the coming festival.There was no doubt that 1. made everyone extremely excited.However,2. made Kelly totally silent，a sense of loss creeping up on her.
talking about Christmas
being in a new environment
Jennifer意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么，這驅(qū)使她問(wèn)道：“Kelly，泰國(guó)人在這個(gè)時(shí)候慶祝什么？”其他孩子忍不住非常好奇地問(wèn)她。“為感謝水之母而慶祝一個(gè)大型的節(jié)日是我們通常所做的事。”
3. drove her to ask，“Kelly，what do Thai people celebrate at this time？” The other kids 4._________
with overwhelming curiosity.“5.___________________
to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.”
Jennifer’s being aware of what happened
couldn’t
resist asking her
Celebrating a grand
festival
Jennifer想出了一個(gè)好主意，她的眼睛閃爍著興奮的光芒。“我們一起慶祝這個(gè)節(jié)日一定會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。”朋友們的陪伴使得Kelly的鄉(xiāng)愁消散了。
A good idea occurred to Jennifer，with her eyes twinkling with excitement.“We are bound to have a good time (in) 6._________________
.” 7. made Kelly’s homesickness melt away.
返 回
celebrating the
festival together
Being accompanied by friends
作業(yè)3
1.I regret to tell you that I forgot (tell) him the news.
2.He couldn’t help (weep) when enjoying the blues.
3.Keep in mind that it is no good (recite) without understanding.
4.It is essential for us (use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way.
5.You can’t imagine what difficulty we had (walk) home in the snowstorm.
6.The young students are so energetic that I enjoy ____________________
(surround) by them.
to tell
weeping
reciting
Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
to use
walking
being surrounded
7.A foreign language needs (practise) frequently to be mastered.
8.As we all know， (combine) theory with practice will achieve dramatic results.
9. (expose) to loud music for a long time will have a negative effect on your hearing.
10.He was tired of (regard) as living a successful life，as a person who had everything while many people had nothing.
practising/to be practised
combining
Being exposed
being regarded
1.我期待在您方便的時(shí)候早日收到您的回復(fù)。
at your convenience.
2.不可否認(rèn)的是，經(jīng)常鍛煉和保持均衡的飲食對(duì)我們的健康非常有益處。
There is no denying that _________________________________________
.
3.自從他退休以來(lái)他就一直夢(mèng)想著沿絲綢之路旅行。
since he retired.
Ⅱ.單句寫作
I am looking forward to receiving your early reply
exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet
are of great benefit to our health
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road
4.在森林里迷路使簡(jiǎn)后悔與她的丈夫吵架。
made Jane regret quarrelling with her husband.
5.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)感覺(jué)就像有人在我耳邊輕聲鼓勵(lì)我。
Listening to music ______________________________________________
.
Being lost in the forest
feels like someone whispering encouragement in
my ear
A
(2024·河南許昌高二上期末)
According to a well-known team of researchers，there are three kinds of smiles：genuine(真誠(chéng)的)，false，and miserable.How can we distinguish them In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自發(fā)的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.However，if they were to focus only on the face，they would probably know whether a smile was genuine or not.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了由于分心，大多數(shù)人在現(xiàn)實(shí)中無(wú)法察覺(jué)虛假的微笑。文中解釋了微笑是如何自然而然發(fā)生的以及微笑在不同的國(guó)家有不同的含義。
Ⅲ.主題語(yǔ)篇閱讀
This is because two muscles are involved in spontaneous smiling.The first muscle is a ring-like band of muscle around each eye.When it contracts，it causes what we know as “smiling eyes”.The other muscle extends from the top of the cheekbone to the corners of the mouth.It moves the mouth upwards when we smile.This muscle on its own produces what we call the “mouth smile”. When people genuinely smile，in a spontaneous burst of positive emotions，the corners of the mouth move up and the muscles around the eyes also contract.It is these muscles that show that a smile is sincere.
Smiles can mean very different things in different countries.In the USA，for example，a smile is a friendly，positive gesture of trust.In contrast，in some Asian societies，people smile when they are happy，of course，but also when they feel anger，sadness，confusion，or embarrassment，perhaps to mask their true feelings.
Cultural norms aside，some people tend to smile more than others and that seems to indicate they are cheerful，optimistic types.But that relationship isn’t strictly true.Some people rarely smile and are quite happy.Others often have a smile on their face when they are actually feeling anxious.Human communication is full of uncertainties and we sometimes have a difficult time understanding each other，but a genuine，heartfelt smile that lights up a face can never be misunderstood.
1.What did the experiments show
A.Most people tend to force a smile when taking pictures.
B.People wearing a fake smile can be genuine sometimes.
C.People using body language are often smiling genuinely.
D.Most people fail to detect fake smiles in reality due to distractions.
√
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“In experiments where subjects are shown photos of fake and spontaneous(自發(fā)的) smiles，people are pretty good at telling the difference.But in the real world，most people are less able to distinguish between them.They are distracted by other elements of communication such as speech，hand gestures，and other body movements.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明了由于分心，大多數(shù)人在現(xiàn)實(shí)中無(wú)法察覺(jué)虛假的微笑。故選D。
解析
2.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.How to control facial muscles.
B.How smiles influence emotions.
C.How to distinguish different smiles.
D.How spontaneous smiling happens.
√
段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，本段第一句提到自發(fā)的微笑涉及兩塊肌肉，接著講了第一塊肌肉收縮時(shí)，會(huì)形成我們所知的“微笑的眼睛”。另一塊肌肉會(huì)讓嘴巴向上移動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生我們所說(shuō)的“嘴角微笑”。當(dāng)人們真誠(chéng)地微笑時(shí)，在一種自發(fā)的積極情緒爆發(fā)中，嘴角會(huì)上揚(yáng)，眼睛周圍的肌肉也會(huì)收縮。正是這些肌肉表明微笑是真誠(chéng)的。由此可知，第二段主要講了自然微笑是如何產(chǎn)生的。故選D。
解析
3.Why are the USA and some Asian societies mentioned in the text
A.To show the problems brought by smiling.
B.To show some cultural differences of smiling.
C.To explain how people hide their true feelings.
D.To explain why smiling more can have positive effects.
推理判斷題。通讀倒數(shù)第二段可知，該段第一句為段落主旨句，指出微笑在不同的國(guó)家有不同的含義。接著以美國(guó)和一些亞洲社會(huì)為例，說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)。由此可知，文中提到美國(guó)和一些亞洲社會(huì)是為了展示與微笑相關(guān)的文化差異。故選B。
解析
√
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Smiling has little to do with character.
B.Smiling can clear up misunderstandings.
C.People rarely smiling are hard to get on with.
D.Uncertain smiles cannot lead to close relationships.
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，有些人比其他人更愛(ài)笑，這似乎表明他們是開(kāi)朗、樂(lè)觀的類型。但這種關(guān)系并不完全正確。有些人很少微笑，卻很快樂(lè)。另一些人通常在他們感到焦慮的時(shí)候臉上掛著微笑。由此可推知，微笑與性格沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。故選A。
解析
√
B(此篇精讀)
Do you listen to music at the gym Today，most gym-goers like to wear head-phones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise.Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)自選的個(gè)性化的音樂(lè)可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步機(jī)) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.According to a news release，this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”.These findings were published online ahead of print on June 22.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive(認(rèn)知的) exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state.The researchers found that “l(fā)istening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance，potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”.
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities，including exercise.Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，therefore，useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added.“This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
5.What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1
A.To make a comparison.
B.To lead in the topic.
C.To make a prediction.
D.To ask for information.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步機(jī)) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.”可推知，在第一段提出問(wèn)題是為了引入本文所要討論的話題——跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)可以對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)。故選B。
解析
6.What was taken into consideration in the experiment design
A.Runners’ cognitive levels.
B.Runners’ mental states.
C.Runners’ running ability.
D.Runners’ music preference.
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“For this study，researchers...designed to put them in a mentally tired state.”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)是在跑步者精神疲憊的情況下進(jìn)行的。由此可知，設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)考慮了跑步者的精神狀態(tài)。故選B。
解析
√
7.Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs
A.To describe the experimental process.
B.To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C.To further illustrate the result of the finding.
D.To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
√
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的研究結(jié)論“l(fā)istening to self-selected music...when listening to music”結(jié)合最后兩段內(nèi)容，尤其最后一段中的“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”可推知，最后兩段引用Shaun Phillips說(shuō)的話是為了進(jìn)一步闡明研究結(jié)果。故選C。
解析
8.What is the main idea of the text
A.Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B.Motivational music cheers runners up.
C.Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D.Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
√
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段最后一句以及最后一段可知，本文主要介紹了在跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)個(gè)性化的音樂(lè)可以幫助人們對(duì)抗精神疲勞，提高表現(xiàn)，即個(gè)性化音樂(lè)讓跑步者不那么疲憊。故選A。
解析
1.personalized adj.個(gè)性化的，為某人特制的→personal adj.個(gè)人的；親自的→personally adv.在個(gè)人看來(lái)；親自
2.motivation n.動(dòng)力；積極性→motivate vt.成為……的動(dòng)機(jī)；激勵(lì)；激發(fā)→motivated adj.有動(dòng)機(jī)的，有目的的；積極的→motivational adj.激發(fā)積極性的
3.investigate v.調(diào)查；研究→investigation n.調(diào)查；學(xué)術(shù)或科學(xué)研究
4.occurrence n.發(fā)生的事情，存在的事物；發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)→occur v.發(fā)生
5.endurance n.耐久力；忍耐力
詞匯積累
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.
分析：此句為復(fù)合句。Based on practical experience為形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句中，while表示“與……同時(shí)”，與running on a treadmill一起構(gòu)成狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
翻譯：基于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，最近的一項(xiàng)研究提供了新的證據(jù)，表明在跑步機(jī)上跑步時(shí)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)對(duì)抗精神疲勞，并提高表現(xiàn)。
句式分析
3D-Printed Violins
While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one that costs millions depending on how they were and who made them.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了用3D技術(shù)打印小提琴的項(xiàng)目。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
1 This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“While professional violinists often have instruments that cost between $2,000 and $10,000，it is possible to have one...”講述了小提琴的價(jià)格非常昂貴，下文“This can make it hard for many to access the instrument，especially for beginners and music classrooms.”講述了前面所述情況讓許多人難以接觸到小提琴。由此可知，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，講述小提琴的昂貴，C項(xiàng)“事實(shí)上，即使是學(xué)生們用的基礎(chǔ)款小提琴也要花費(fèi)1 000美元甚至更多”符合題意。故選C。
解析
However，the good news for them is that they will meet with low-cost and durable(耐用的) 3D-printed violins thanks to The Acoustical Society of America’s AVIVA Young Artists Program.The team’s inspiration roots in multiple places.Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds created by using new materials，to use the new technology of other fields，and to make music education accessible through the printing of more durable instruments.
2 The method of distribution has yet to be decided—it could involve shipping fully printed violins，sharing the 3D-printing files with makers，or a combination of both.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“Their goals were to explore the new world of sounds...”講述了該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)，空處應(yīng)承接上文，G項(xiàng)“該項(xiàng)目還旨在為那些買不起小提琴的孩子們提供小提琴”符合題意，講述了該項(xiàng)目的另一個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選G。
解析
3 The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to provide a comfortable grasp for the musicians，while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
下文“The neck and fingerboard are printed in smooth ABS plastic to...while the violin’s body is made of a plastic polymer substance，much like a typical acoustic(原聲的) violin.”講述了琴頸和指板、琴身分別使用的材料，A項(xiàng)“這把小提琴是由3D打印出的兩部分構(gòu)成的”引出下文，選項(xiàng)中的“two pieces”對(duì)應(yīng)下文中的“The neck and fingerboard”和“the violin’s body”。故選A。
解析
much like a typical acoustic(原聲的) violin.The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins. 4
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“The outcome is a violin that sounds darker and softer than traditionally built violins.”講述了3D打印出來(lái)的小提琴與常規(guī)小提琴之間的區(qū)別，此處應(yīng)承接上文，講述二者的其他差別，E項(xiàng)“此外，AVIVA小提琴比傳統(tǒng)的木制小提琴更不易損壞”符合題意。故選E。
解析
“The next step is to lower the costs of production for making such instruments more widely available，especially in the field of education，” said Mary-Elizabeth Brown，director of the AVIVA Young Artists Program.Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.
5 Effective results have been obtained from many of them.
A.The violin was built in two pieces using 3D printing.
B.Many instruments have been produced with a 3D printer before.
C.Indeed，even basic violins for students often cost $1,000 or more.
D.Most students have to give up learning the instrument due to the high cost.
E.Besides，the AVIVA violin is less damaged than its traditional wooden cousins.
F.3D-printed violins have been popular with beginners since they were invented.
G.The project is also to get violins to children that couldn’t otherwise afford them.
√
上文“Violins are not the only instruments that are produced through 3D-printing technology.”提到用3D打印技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的樂(lè)器并不止小提琴，空處應(yīng)承接上文，講述有其他樂(lè)器被打印，B項(xiàng)“之前有許多樂(lè)器都被用3D打印機(jī)生產(chǎn)過(guò)”符合題意。故選B。
解析
(2025·江蘇蘇州高二上期中)
The full moon lights up the sky on 1. evening of the Lantern Festival.
語(yǔ)篇解讀　這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了元宵節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)活動(dòng)——猜燈謎。
the
考查定冠詞。此處用定冠詞the特指元宵節(jié)的晚上。故填the。
解析
Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空
The festival，which falls 2. the 15th day of the first month in the Chinese lunar calendar，marks the end of more than two weeks of Chinese New Year 3. (celebration) each year.
on
2.考查介詞。根據(jù)空格后的具體日期the 15th day of the first month可知，具體的某一天前應(yīng)用介詞on。fall on“適逢”。故填on。
3.考查名詞的數(shù)。Chinese New Year作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，結(jié)合句意可知，新年的慶祝活動(dòng)多種多樣，應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞celebration的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填celebrations。
解析
celebrations
Solving “l(fā)antern riddles” is among the many popular traditional activities for the festival，which include eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon，and 4. (lose) in colorful lighted lanterns.
being lost
考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由and表并列可知，空格處和eating tangyuan，enjoying the full moon并列，在句中作include的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式。be lost in為固定搭配，意為“沉浸在……中”。故填being lost。
解析
These guessing games 5. (refer) to as lantern riddles because they involve riddles 6. (write) on lanterns or on slips of paper attached to lanterns.
are referred
5.考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。空格處在主句中作謂語(yǔ)，refer與主語(yǔ)games之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；陳述事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用are。故填are referred。
6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)為involve，空格處在從句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾riddles，riddles和write之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，write應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填written。
解析
written
They often contain messages of great 7. (wise) and good fortune，and give children and others of all ages the opportunity to have fun while practicing language and problem-analyzing skills.
wisdom
考查名詞。根據(jù)空格前的形容詞great可知，空格處填名詞，wisdom為不可數(shù)名詞，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。故填wisdom。
解析
A good many of the classic riddles connect with Chinese characters，historical figures，literary references，or names of cities and other places in China.People must guess the answer by thinking about the 8._______________(vary) meanings of the words and phrases that make up the riddle.
various/varied
考查形容詞。根據(jù)空格后的名詞meanings可知，空格處填形容詞various/varied作定語(yǔ)。故填various/varied。
解析
9.________(basic)，a tip will be provided，such as indicating 10._______
the answer is a person，a place，or a thing.
Basically
9.考查副詞。空格處修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞basically，位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Basically。
10.考查連詞。whether...or...是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“是……或是……”。故填whether。
解析
whether
返 回
本課結(jié)束

展開(kāi)更多......

收起↑