資源簡介

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Sentence elements and sentence structures
閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，并將對應的序號填入下面的表格
Albert Einstein said，“If ①you want to live a happy life，tie it to a goal.” I agree.②Goals are important in many ways.③Setting goals gives you a focus in life.By setting goals now，you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.④Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals，you need to have a good plan，manage your time well and pay attention to details.⑤These habits will be helpful.Finally，⑥setting goals makes you more confident.When you achieve a goal，you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action，⑦your dream will come true.⑧Hopefully you will live a happy life.
主語＋謂語(S＋V) ⑦
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P) ②⑤
主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O) ①
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(S＋V＋O＋C) ④⑥
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋IO＋DO) ③
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A) ⑧
句子的基本結構
一、句子成分
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。根據英語詞匯在句子中的地位和作用，英語的句子成分主要有主語(S)、謂語(V)、賓語(O)、補足語(C)、狀語(A)、表語(P)和定語(Attr.)。
1．主語(Subject)：指句子所談論的主體。主語可以由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、主語從句和短語等來擔任。
Your attitude towards my plan is very important.
你對我的計劃的態度非常重要。
To improve English in a short time is very hard.
短時間內提高英語是很難的。
Seeing is believing.眼見為實。
2．謂語(Verb)：指謂語部分的主要動詞，通常說明主語所做的動作或主語的特征和狀態。謂語通常由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。實義動詞可以單獨作謂語，情態動詞和助動詞需要和實義動詞一起構成謂語。
Each student in our class works very hard.(簡單謂語)
我們班的每個學生學習都很努力。
The dancer could balance on one toe.(復合謂語)
這位舞蹈演員可以用一根腳趾保持平衡。
3．表語(Predicative)：指連系動詞后面的成分，通常說明主語的身份、特征或狀態。常見的連系動詞有be，become，feel，get，look，seem等。表語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞或從句充當。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天變得越來越長。
It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages.
這個小孩會說四種語言，真令人驚訝。
4．賓語(Object)：通常指動作的對象。有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語，通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語(Indirect object)，把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語(Direct object)。賓語一般位于及物動詞或介詞后面，常由名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當。
My mother gave me a lot of confidence.
媽媽給了我很多信心。
I will buy a new coat for my mother.
我要給媽媽買一件新外套。
5．補語(Complement)：補語分為主語補足語(Subject complement)和賓語補足語(Object complement)，用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或情況。
Later I found that person very positive.
后來我發現那個人非常積極樂觀。
The young man was caught breaking into a car.
有人撞見那個年輕人正在撬一輛車。
6．定語(Attributive)：修飾名詞或代詞。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、名詞所有格、數詞、分詞、不定式或從句充當。
There are various goods in this supermarket.
這個超市里有各種各樣的貨物。
The girl is eager for an opportunity to join the club.這個女孩渴望有機會加入這個俱樂部。
7．狀語(Adverbial)：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明動作或狀態特征，一般由副詞、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、名詞短語、少數形容詞(短語)、獨立主格結構、從句等充當。
The teacher tried to treat all the students equally.
這位老師盡量對所有同學一視同仁。
Fortunately，the children were found near the village.
幸運的是，這些孩子在村子附近被找到了。
二、句子結構
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。句子成分構成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句式只有八種，其他各種句式都是由這八種基本句式演變而來的。八種基本句式如下：
1．主語＋謂語(SV)
這種簡單句的謂語部分是不及物動詞，意義很完整。這種句子沒有被動語態。
門開了。
紅日正在升起。
2．主語＋謂語＋賓語(SVO)
在這個結構中，謂語部分是及物動詞，有些不及物動詞后加上介詞也可看成一個及物動詞。
我的父親教英語。
他拒絕幫助他們。
我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉。
3．主語＋系動詞＋表語(SVP)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞必須是連系動詞。
一些女孩非常興奮。
這朵花聞起來很香。
我父親的希望是我能經常回家。
溫馨提示：主系表結構中常見的系動詞有：be動詞、感官類動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動詞(become, grow，get，turn，go，come等)、表保持類動詞(remain，keep，stay等)。可充當表語的形式有： 名詞、形容詞、動詞的-ing形式、 動詞的-ed形式、 動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語和從句。
4．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(SVOO)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞是及物動詞，后接雙賓語，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。也可以把間接賓語置前，但需要在直接賓語前加介詞to或for。
＝Mr Smith lent his car to me.
史密斯先生把他的車借給了我。
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位讓給了我。
＝Father bought a book for me.
父親給我買了一本書。
溫馨提示：雙賓語的常見結構：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb sth＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth to sb
(2)buy/make/fetch/save/choose/sing sb sth＝buy/make/fetch/save/choose/sing sth for sb
5．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(SVOC)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面接賓語和賓語補足語。
老師讓所有的窗戶敞著。
我們正使我們的學校更美麗。
這個人讓燈亮了一夜。
溫馨提示：賓補用來補充說明賓語的身份、地位或所處的狀態。可作賓補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等。常見常考的復合賓語結構有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋賓語＋to do；
(2)感官動詞：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞；
(3)使役動詞：let＋賓語＋省略to的不定式；
make＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/過去分詞；
have＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞。
注意：上述跟省略to的不定式作賓補的動詞如果變成被動語態，省掉的to要加上。
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她讓我們等她的答復等了一個多星期。
I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我時常聽到她用迷人的聲音唱一首德語歌曲。
I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我將把所有的衣服都洗完。
6．主語＋謂語＋狀語(SVA)
所有的學生都在仔細地聽著。
機器人廚師未來將出現在我們的家庭中。
7．主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(SVOA)
昨晚8點簡在做作業。
那人把手臂舉過頭頂。
8．There be句型
山腳下有一個小池塘。
現在宿舍里沒有任何學生。
溫馨提示：在there be句型中，be的單復數與離它最近的名詞的單復數保持一致，即遵循就近原則。be有時可以用seem to be、happen to be、appear to be、used to be替換。be動詞還可以用live，remain，stand，exist等替換，用來表示“靜止、存在”等概念。there be 句型可以和各種情態動詞連用。
Ⅰ.寫出下列句子中黑體部分在句中所作的成分
1．Fortunately，he passed the exam.狀語
2．Our English teacher is kind and positive.表語
3．I was not pleased with his attitude towards his work.謂語
4．The independent boy was popular with the teachers.主語
5．I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday.直接賓語
6．They are looking for the person responsible for the program.定語
7．Your success will largely depend on what you do and how you do it.賓語
8．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.賓補
9．Mr Wang will give us a talk about the strategies of learning English well.間接賓語
Ⅱ.寫出下列句子的句子結構
1．He studies hard.主謂狀(SVA)
2．This kind of food tastes terrible.主系表(SVP)
3．He made my thinking changed.主謂賓補(SVOC)
4．There are many places of interest worth visiting.there be
5．Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.主謂賓賓(SVOO)
6．I visited many tourist attractions with my family last year.主謂賓狀(SVOA)
作業3　Grammar and usage
[分值：81.5分]
Ⅰ.閱讀下面這篇短文，寫出畫線句子的句子結構(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true! This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
1．主語＋謂語
2．主語＋謂語＋狀語
3．主語＋謂語＋賓語
4．主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語＋狀語
5．主語＋系動詞＋表語
Ⅱ.單句寫作(共8小題；每小題3分，滿分24分)
1．春節就要到了。(主語＋謂語)
The Spring Festival is coming.
2．這會對你的工作產生影響。(主語＋謂語＋賓語)
This can make a difference to your work.
3．奶奶昨晚送給我一個非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)
Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night.
4．現在這種活動在高中正變得很受歡迎。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in senior high schools.
5．在這次事故之后，我發現這個人非常負責任。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
After the accident，I found the man very responsible.
6．過去十年，巨大變化在我的家鄉發生了。(主語＋謂語＋狀語)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
7．這個周末湯姆不打算去看電影。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語)
Tom is not going to see the film this weekend.
8．山頂上有一棵古樹。(there be)
There is an old tree on the top of the mountain.
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
Unclear guidelines(準則) for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization(組織) for doctors who treat children.It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever，or when students are not well enough to attend classes.But many schools go far beyond that，offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.
Trenace has a five-year-old daughter who was sick a lot last year.The mother followed school guidelines and kept her daughter home when she had a cough，painful throat，or fever.Near the end of the year，school officials called her in to talk about why her daughter had missed so much school.“In the past，if the child didn’t have a fever，then it’s okay to send them to school，” said the mother.“But now it’s like if they have a cough，you have to keep them home.Which is it？”
Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up.Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk.Students who miss school also might miss meals，socializing with other students and teachers，physical exercise，and health care services.
Recently，the state of California decided to change their stay-at-home guideline for the autumn.The new guideline says children with low-level signs of sickness can come to school.
Noha Aboelata，who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland，California，said the change in guidance might have an influence.She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school.“The most important place for our kids to be is school，” she said.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關于學生因病缺課的問題，特別是不同學校健康指南的差異及其對學生的影響，以及最近加州對此做出的新規定。
1．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A．To voice worries.
B．To express thanks.
C．To offer a suggestion.
D．To introduce the topic.
答案　D
解析　寫作意圖題。根據第一段“Unclear guidelines(準則) for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school.”和第二段中“It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever...offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.”可知，首段主要提到了關于何時讓孩子因病留在家中的指導方針不明確，這可能是導致全國范圍內學生缺課過多問題的一部分原因，下文對此問題進行詳細闡述；由此可知，第一段的作用是為了引入話題。故選D。
2．What can we infer about the health guidelines in each school
A．They were difficult to follow.
B．They were well received.
C．They troubled many parents.
D．They put teachers at risk.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“But many schools go far beyond that，offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.”以及第三段中“‘In the past，if the child didn’t have a fever，then it’s okay to send them to school，’ said the mother.’But now it’s like if they have a cough，you have to keep them home.Which is it？’”可知，學校不同的健康指南讓家長們感到困擾。故選C。
3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about missing school
A．Its lasting value. B．Its bad influence.
C．Its background. D．Its common cause.
答案　B
解析　段落大意題。根據第四段“...found it more difficult to catch up...puts students at risk...might miss meals，socializing with other students and teachers，physical exercise，and health care services.”可知，本段主要講述了缺課對學生的負面影響。故選B。
4．What does Noha Aboelata say about the new rule
A．It will play an active role.
B．It will come to an end soon.
C．It will make no sense to kids.
D．It will leave parents surprised.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據最后一段“Noha Aboelata...said the change in guidance might have an influence.She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school.’The most important place for our kids to be is school，’ she said.”可知，Noha Aboelata認為新的健康指導規定將發揮積極作用，希望家長和學校能夠了解新的指導方針，從而使學生減少缺課。故選A。
B(此篇精讀)
Professor Smith was teaching his class.All the students in the class were listening to the lecture with great interest.But among those students，there was Nick，who was sitting quietly and in a bad mood.
The professor took notice of Nick on the first day but did not say anything.But when this went on for a week，he called Nick in his office after the class and asked，“You appear to be depressed all the time.What is the matter？” Nick said with some hesitation(猶豫)，“Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled.I don’t know what to do.”
Professor called Nick to his house in the evening.When Nick arrived，the professor went to the kitchen and started making lemonade.He purposefully put more salt in the lemon juice.Then he gave a glass of lemonade to Nick.As soon as Nick had a small drink，due to the taste of excess salt，his mouth became sour.Seeing this，the professor asked，“What happened Did you not like the lemon juice？” “No sir，this is not the case.Just because of the salt in the drink，” Nick said.“Hey，now give me the glass.I will throw it away.” The professor reached out to get the drink from Nick.But Nick refused，saying，“No sir，I think if you add some sugar to the drink，the taste will be better.” Upon hearing this，the professor became serious and said，“You are right.See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.” Nick nodded and smiled in relief.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位教授用檸檬汁、鹽和糖的關系來開導情緒低落的學生。
5．Why did Nick fail to focus in Smith’s class
A．He was still disturbed by the past.
B．He was too nervous to concentrate.
C．The lecture was hard to understand.
D．Professor Smith was too demanding.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Nick said with some hesitation(猶豫)，’Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled.I don’t know what to do.’”可知，Nick仍為過去的事所困擾導致他在Smith的課上不能集中注意力。故選A。
6．What does the underlined word “excess” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Very little. B．Too much.
C．Rather bitter. D．Pretty smelly.
答案　B
解析　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“When Nick arrived，the professor went to the kitchen and started making lemonade.He purposefully put more salt in the lemon juice.”可知，教授故意往檸檬汁里放了更多的鹽，所以excess為“太多的”之意，和B項意思相近。故選B。
7．Which of the following words can best describe Professor Smith
A．Strict but patient.
B．Clever and caring.
C．Shy but brave.
D．Humorous and lovely.
答案　B
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段可知教授及時地關注到了Nick的情緒；根據最后一段中的“Upon hearing this，the professor became serious and said，’You are right.See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.’ Nick nodded and smiled in relief.”可知，教授巧妙地應用了檸檬、鹽和糖的關系來開導情緒低落的Nick，所以Smith教授是聰明又體貼的，故選B。
8．What can we learn from the story
A．Bad experience will always follow you.
B．Nothing is better than a comforting word.
C．When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.
D．Life without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.”以及通讀全文可知，這個故事告訴我們：要面對生活中的不好的經歷并嘗試改善，正如C選項所說的“當生活給你檸檬時，把它做成檸檬水”。故選C。
[詞匯積累] 1．in a bad mood情緒低落 2．take notice of注意 3．depressed adj.沮喪的→depress vt.使沮喪 4．in relief如釋重負 [句式分析] Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled. 分析：此句為復合句。and為并列連詞，連接兩個并列句，due to which I remain troubled為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。 翻譯：老師，新學期對我來說有點艱難，上個月發生了一些事情，所以我一直很煩惱。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
With the pressure of exams，assignments(作業)，college applications，athletics，and social situations，high school students today need to learn how to manage stress more than any generation before. 1
Put self-care first
As high school students，you’re at the age where you’re growing，and your brains are finishing developing，which means you need to get more sleep than you used to.However，sleep is just one part of self-care. 2 Take time out each day to exercise.It will make you happier and help you recharge(休整)．You’ll notice better performance，increased focus，and less stress.
Think positively
Instead of losing your mind by assuming the worst，try picturing the best possible outcome.Rather than tell yourself “I can’t do this” or “I don’t have enough time”，repeat over and over in your mind “I can do this” and “I have plenty of time” until you believe it. 3 And you’ll notice yourself getting creative to make things happen.
Manage your time
4 Rather than have an endless to-do list that you’re constantly crossing off，learn the art of time blocking—assigning a certain amount of time to each task.You’ll find that time blocking increases your ability to focus，lowers your stress levels，and gives you something to look forward to rather than feeling like you’re working on the same thing for a whole day.
Lighten up and laugh a little
Even when you do your day-to-day activities，don’t take things too seriously—laugh a little.Laughter can deal with stress as well as exercise can.It’s another healthy escape. 5 For example，you can watch your favorite movies or cartoons，and read some funny books or magazines.Most importantly，you should be able to laugh at yourself even when things don’t go your way.
A．Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B．Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C．There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D．The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E．Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F．Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical exercise.
G．Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the challenges of high school.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了高中生應對高中階段壓力的策略。
1．答案　B
解析　由上文“With the pressure of exams，assignments(作業)，college...more than any generation before.”可知，設空處承上啟下，引出下文不同的應對高中階段壓力的策略，B選項符合語境。故選B。
2．答案　E
解析　由上文“However，sleep is just one part of self-care.”和下文“Take time out each day to exercise.”可知，設空處承上啟下，E選項建議關注身體的全面健康，符合語境。故選E。
3．答案　D
解析　結合本段小標題“Think positively”和上文“Rather than tell...and ‘I have plenty of time’ until you believe it.”可知，要堅持積極的想法，D選項承接上文。故選D。
4．答案　A
解析　根據本段小標題“Manage your time”可知，本段講的是時間管理，A選項呼應標題，故選A。
5．答案　C
解析　由本段小標題“Lighten up and laugh a little”和后面的舉例“For example，you can...things don’t go your way.”可知，本空承上啟下，要講述跟“開心的方法”有關的話題，C選項引出下文，符合題意。故選C。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·重慶高一上期中)
Mary is an exchange student from England.On the first day of the school year，she finished her registration in Yinwang High School.Although feeling a little worried and frightened，she still looked forward to exploring this foreign world.On her arrival，she signed up for some extra-curricular activities and tried to be outgoing.She 1. (prefer) to make friends with those teenagers 2. were attracted to study rather than those who were addicted 3. playing computer games.She previewed the textbooks in advance and focused on 4. the teachers said in class，which left 5. deep impression on others.At last，she found it not so 6. (challenge) to keep up with others.Mary has a wide range of interests.At weekends，she always has a great time.Out of 7. (curious)，she often goes on adventures in some tourist destinations.She also volunteers 8. (take) the responsibility of taking care of the seniors in a near nursing home.Because of the love for reading，she 9. (attract) to the newly-opened book store since the beginning of the term.Sometimes，she is 10. (extreme) homesick，but she believes that she can make it and everything will be better in the future.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了從英國來的交換生瑪麗在新環境中的日常生活。
1．答案　preferred
解析　考查動詞時態。空處作句子的謂語，根據前后句可知，此處在敘述過去發生的事情，時態應用一般過去時。故填preferred。
2．答案　who/that
解析　考查定語從句。空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞teenagers，先行詞指人，在從句中作主語，因此用關系代詞who或that作引導詞。故填who/that。
3．答案　to
解析　考查介詞。固定短語be addicted to意為“沉迷于”。故填to。
4．答案　what
解析　考查賓語從句。空處引導名詞性從句作focused on的賓語，賓語從句中said缺少賓語，且空處指代說話的內容，應用連接代詞what作引導詞。故填what。
5．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。短語“leave a/an＋adj.＋impression on sb”意為“給某人留下……的印象”，且deep的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
6．答案　challenging
解析　考查形容詞。空處應用形容詞作賓語補足語。故填challenging。
7．答案　curiosity
解析　考查名詞。固定短語out of curiosity意為“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。
8．答案　to take
解析　考查非謂語動詞。固定短語volunteer to do sth意為“自愿做某事”。故填to take。
9．答案　has been attracted
解析　考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語，結合“since the beginning of the term”可知，時態應用現在完成時，表示動作從過去開始發生持續到現在，attract“吸引”和主語she之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，且主語是she，助動詞應用has。故填has been attracted。
10．答案　extremely
解析　考查副詞。空處應用副詞形式修飾形容詞homesick。故填extremely。(共78張PPT)
Period 3
Grammar and usage—Sentence elements and sentence structures
Back to school
Unit 1
內容索引
情境導讀
語法精講
作業3
達標檢測
情境導讀
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并將對應的序號填入下面的表格
Albert Einstein said，“If ①you want to live a happy life，tie it to a goal.” I agree.②Goals are important in many ways.③Setting goals gives you a focus in life.By setting goals now，you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.Then you know where you are going in life and can work hard to get there.④Setting goals also helps you develop good habits.To realize your goals，you need to have a good plan，manage your time well and pay attention to details.⑤These habits will be helpful.Finally，⑥setting goals makes you more confident.
When you achieve a goal，you see the result of your hard work and know how much progress you have made.A goal is a dream that needs action.As a result of your action，⑦your dream will come true.⑧Hopefully you will live a happy life.
主語＋謂語(S＋V)
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋V＋P)
主語＋謂語＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(S＋V＋O＋C)
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(S＋V＋IO＋DO)
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(S＋V＋O＋A)
返 回
⑦
②⑤
①
④⑥
③
⑧
語法精講
句子的基本結構
一、句子成分
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。根據英語詞匯在句子中的地位和作用，英語的句子成分主要有主語(S)、謂語(V)、賓語(O)、補足語(C)、狀語(A)、表語(P)和定語(Attr.)。
1.主語(Subject)：指句子所談論的主體。主語可以由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、主語從句和短語等來擔任。
Your attitude towards my plan is very important.
你對我的計劃的態度非常重要。
To improve English in a short time is very hard.
短時間內提高英語是很難的。
Seeing is believing.眼見為實。
2.謂語(Verb)：指謂語部分的主要動詞，通常說明主語所做的動作或主語的特征和狀態。謂語通常由動詞或動詞短語充當，位于主語之后。實義動詞可以單獨作謂語，情態動詞和助動詞需要和實義動詞一起構成謂語。
Each student in our class works very hard.(簡單謂語)
我們班的每個學生學習都很努力。
The dancer could balance on one toe.(復合謂語)
這位舞蹈演員可以用一根腳趾保持平衡。
3.表語(Predicative)：指連系動詞后面的成分，通常說明主語的身份、特征或狀態。常見的連系動詞有be，become，feel，get，look，seem等。表語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞或從句充當。
The days are getting longer and longer.
白天變得越來越長。
It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages.
這個小孩會說四種語言，真令人驚訝。
4.賓語(Object)：通常指動作的對象。有的動詞后面可以接兩個賓語，通常把其中表示人的賓語稱為間接賓語(Indirect object)，把表示物的賓語稱為直接賓語(Direct object)。賓語一般位于及物動詞或介詞后面，常由名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式或相當于名詞的詞組或句子充當。
My mother gave me a lot of confidence.
媽媽給了我很多信心。
I will buy a new coat for my mother.
我要給媽媽買一件新外套。
5.補語(Complement)：補語分為主語補足語(Subject complement)和賓語補足語(Object complement)，用來補充說明主語或賓語的特征或情況。
Later I found that person very positive.
后來我發現那個人非常積極樂觀。
The young man was caught breaking into a car.
有人撞見那個年輕人正在撬一輛車。
6.定語(Attributive)：修飾名詞或代詞。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、名詞所有格、數詞、分詞、不定式或從句充當。
There are various goods in this supermarket.
這個超市里有各種各樣的貨物。
The girl is eager for an opportunity to join the club.這個女孩渴望有機會加入這個俱樂部。
7.狀語(Adverbial)：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明動作或狀態特征，一般由副詞、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、名詞短語、少數形容詞(短語)、獨立主格結構、從句等充當。
The teacher tried to treat all the students equally.
這位老師盡量對所有同學一視同仁。
Fortunately，the children were found near the village.
幸運的是，這些孩子在村子附近被找到了。
二、句子結構
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語等。句子成分構成了英語中各種各樣的句子，其實英語中最基本的句式只有八種，其他各種句式都是由這八種基本句式演變而來的。八種基本句式如下：
1.主語＋謂語(SV)
這種簡單句的謂語部分是不及物動詞，意義很完整。這種句子沒有被動語態。
門開了。
紅日正在升起。
2.主語＋謂語＋賓語(SVO)
在這個結構中，謂語部分是及物動詞，有些不及物動詞后加上介詞也可看成一個及物動詞。
我的父親教英語。
他拒絕幫助他們。
我們都知道地球圍繞太陽轉。
3.主語＋系動詞＋表語(SVP)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞必須是連系動詞。
一些女孩非常興奮。
這朵花聞起來很香。
我父親的希望是我能經常回家。
溫馨提示：主系表結構中常見的系動詞有：be動詞、感官類動詞(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表變化類動詞(become, grow，get，turn，go，come等)、表保持類動詞(remain，keep，stay等)。可充當表語的形式有： 名詞、形容詞、動詞的-ing形式、 動詞的-ed形式、 動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語和從句。
4.主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語(SVOO)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞是及物動詞，后接雙賓語，間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。也可以把間接賓語置前，但需要在直接賓語前加介詞to或for。
＝Mr Smith lent his car to me.
史密斯先生把他的車借給了我。
＝He offered his seat to me.
他把座位讓給了我。
溫馨提示：雙賓語的常見結構：
(1)bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sb sth＝bring/give/hand/lend/pass/sell/show/take/teach/tell/write/offer/pay sth to sb
(2)buy/make/fetch/save/choose/sing sb sth＝buy/make/fetch/save/choose/
sing sth for sb
＝Father bought a book for me.
父親給我買了一本書。
5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(SVOC)
在這個結構中，謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面接賓語和賓語補足語。
老師讓所有的窗戶敞著。
我們正使我們的學校更美麗。
這個人讓燈亮了一夜。
溫馨提示：賓補用來補充說明賓語的身份、地位或所處的狀態。可作賓補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等。常見常考的復合賓語結構有：
(1)ask，want，like，allow，advise，teach，persuade 等＋賓語＋to do；
(2)感官動詞：see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞；
(3)使役動詞：let＋賓語＋省略to的不定式；
make＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/過去分詞；
have＋賓語＋省略to的不定式/現在分詞/過去分詞。
注意：上述跟省略to的不定式作賓補的動詞如果變成被動語態，省掉的to要加上。
She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.
她讓我們等她的答復等了一個多星期。
I often hear her sing a German song in her lovely voice.
＝She is often heard by me to sing a German song in her lovely voice.
我時常聽到她用迷人的聲音唱一首德語歌曲。
I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon.
今天下午我將把所有的衣服都洗完。
6.主語＋謂語＋狀語(SVA)
7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語(SVOA)
所有的學生都在仔細地聽著。
機器人廚師未來將出現在我們的家庭中。
昨晚8點簡在做作業。
那人把手臂舉過頭頂。
8.There be句型
山腳下有一個小池塘。
現在宿舍里沒有任何學生。
溫馨提示：在there be句型中，be的單復數與離它最近的名詞的單復數保持一致，即遵循就近原則。be有時可以用seem to be、happen to be、appear to be、used to be替換。be動詞還可以用live，remain，stand，exist等替換，用來表示“靜止、存在”等概念。there be 句型可以和各種情態動詞連用。
返 回
達標檢測
1.Fortunately，he passed the exam.
2.Our English teacher is kind and positive.
3.I was not pleased with his attitude towards his work.
4.The independent boy was popular with the teachers.
5.I will order you a new dictionary for your birthday.
6.They are looking for the person responsible for the program.
7.Your success will largely depend on what you do and how you do it.
8.I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
9.Mr Wang will give us a talk about the strategies of learning English well.
Ⅰ.寫出下列句子中加顏色部分在句中所作的成分
_____
_____
_____
_____
_________
_____
_____
_____
_________
狀語
表語
謂語
主語
直接賓語
定語
賓語
賓補
間接賓語
1.He studies hard.
2.This kind of food tastes terrible.
3.He made my thinking changed.
4.There are many places of interest worth visiting.
5.Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
6.I visited many tourist attractions with my family last year.
Ⅱ.寫出下列句子的句子結構
_____________
_____________
________________
_________
________________
________________
主謂狀(SVA)
主系表(SVP)
主謂賓補(SVOC)
there be
主謂賓賓(SVOO)
主謂賓狀(SVOA)
返 回
作業3
How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time For Tom,1.that dream has come true! This term,2.Tom and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do，like maths and English.3.They also learn about the ships and the sea.
Ⅰ.閱讀下面這篇短文，寫出畫線句子的句子結構
1._____________
2.________________
3._________________
主語＋謂語
主語＋謂語＋狀語
主語＋謂語＋賓語
4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study，he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.
4._____________________________________
5. ____________________
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語＋狀語
主語＋系動詞＋表語
1.春節就要到了。(主語＋謂語)
_______________________________________________________________
2.這會對你的工作產生影響。(主語＋謂語＋賓語)
_______________________________________________________________
3.奶奶昨晚送給我一個非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語)
_________________________________ last night.
4.現在這種活動在高中正變得很受歡迎。(主語＋系動詞＋表語)
Nowadays _________________________________ in senior high schools.
Ⅱ.單句寫作
The Spring Festival is coming.
This can make a difference to your work.
Granny gave me a very beautiful doll
this activity is becoming very popular
5.在這次事故之后，我發現這個人非常負責任。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
After the accident， ________________________________.
6.過去十年，巨大變化在我的家鄉發生了。(主語＋謂語＋狀語)
_______________________________________________________________
7.這個周末湯姆不打算去看電影。(主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語)
_______________________________________________________________
8.山頂上有一棵古樹。(there be)
_______________________________________________________________
I found the man very responsible
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.
Tom is not going to see the film this weekend.
There is an old tree on the top of the mountain.
A
Unclear guidelines(準則) for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關于學生因病缺課的問題，特別是不同學校健康指南的差異及其對學生的影響，以及最近加州對此做出的新規定。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an organization(組織) for doctors who treat children.It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever，or when students are not well enough to attend classes.But many schools go far beyond that，offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.
Trenace has a five-year-old daughter who was sick a lot last year.The mother followed school guidelines and kept her daughter home when she had a cough，painful throat，or fever.Near the end of the year，school officials called her in to talk about why her daughter had missed so much school.“In the past，if the child didn’t have a fever，then it’s okay to send them to school，” said the mother.“But now it’s like if they have a cough，you have to keep them home.Which is it？”
Children who missed school a lot found it more difficult to catch up.Missing 10 percent or more of the school year puts students at risk.Students who miss school also might miss meals，socializing with other students and teachers，physical exercise，and health care services.
Recently，the state of California decided to change their stay-at-home guideline for the autumn.The new guideline says children with low-level signs of sickness can come to school.
Noha Aboelata，who leads the Roots Health Centre in Oakland，California，said the change in guidance might have an influence.She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school.“The most important place for our kids to be is school，” she said.
1.What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A.To voice worries.
B.To express thanks.
C.To offer a suggestion.
D.To introduce the topic.
√
寫作意圖題。根據第一段“Unclear guidelines(準則) for when to keep a child at home if they are sick might play a part in the nationwide problem of students missing too much school.”和第二段中“It suggests that children stay at home when there are signs of sickness like fever...offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.”可知，首段主要提到了關于何時讓孩子因病留在家中的指導方針不明確，這可能是導致全國范圍內學生缺課過多問題的一部分原因，下文對此問題進行詳細闡述；由此可知，第一段的作用是為了引入話題。故選D。
解析
2.What can we infer about the health guidelines in each school
A.They were difficult to follow.
B.They were well received.
C.They troubled many parents.
D.They put teachers at risk.
√
推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“But many schools go far beyond that，offering different signs of sickness that would stop parents from sending their children to school.”以及第三段中“‘In the past，if the child didn’t have a fever，then it’s okay to send them to school，’ said the mother.’But now it’s like if they have a cough，you have to keep them home.Which is it？’”可知，學校不同的健康指南讓家長們感到困擾。故選C。
解析
3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about missing school
A.Its lasting value. B.Its bad influence.
C.Its background. D.Its common cause.
段落大意題。根據第四段“...found it more difficult to catch up...puts students at risk...might miss meals，socializing with other students and teachers，physical exercise，and health care services.”可知，本段主要講述了缺課對學生的負面影響。故選B。
解析
√
4.What does Noha Aboelata say about the new rule
A.It will play an active role. B.It will come to an end soon.
C.It will make no sense to kids. D.It will leave parents surprised.
細節理解題。根據最后一段“Noha Aboelata...said the change in guidance might have an influence.She hoped that parents and schools will learn about the new guidance and that students will miss less school.’The most important place for our kids to be is school，’ she said.”可知，Noha Aboelata認為新的健康指導規定將發揮積極作用，希望家長和學校能夠了解新的指導方針，從而使學生減少缺課。故選A。
解析
√
B(此篇精讀)
Professor Smith was teaching his class.All the students in the class were listening to the lecture with great interest.But among those students，there was Nick，who was sitting quietly and in a bad mood.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位教授用檸檬汁、鹽和糖的關系來開導情緒低落的學生。
The professor took notice of Nick on the first day but did not say anything.But when this went on for a week，he called Nick in his office after the class and asked，“You appear to be depressed all the time.What is the matter？” Nick said with some hesitation(猶豫)，“Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled.I don’t know what to do.”
Professor called Nick to his house in the evening.When Nick arrived，the professor went to the kitchen and started making lemonade.He purposefully put more salt in the lemon juice.Then he gave a glass of lemonade to Nick.As soon as Nick had a small drink，due to the taste of excess salt，his mouth became sour.Seeing this，the professor asked，“What happened Did you not like the lemon juice？” “No sir，this is not the case.Just because of the salt in the drink，” Nick said.“Hey，now give me the glass.I will throw it away.” The professor reached out to get the drink from Nick.But Nick refused，saying，“No sir，I think if you add some sugar to the drink，the taste will be better.”
Upon hearing this，the professor became serious and said，“You are right.See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.” Nick nodded and smiled in relief.
5.Why did Nick fail to focus in Smith’s class
A.He was still disturbed by the past.
B.He was too nervous to concentrate.
C.The lecture was hard to understand.
D.Professor Smith was too demanding.
√
細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Nick said with some hesitation(猶豫)，’Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled.I don’t know what to do.’”可知，Nick仍為過去的事所困擾導致他在Smith的課上不能集中注意力。故選A。
解析
6.What does the underlined word “excess” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Very little. B.Too much.
C.Rather bitter. D.Pretty smelly.
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“When Nick arrived，the professor went to the kitchen and started making lemonade.He purposefully put more salt in the lemon juice.”可知，教授故意往檸檬汁里放了更多的鹽，所以excess為“太多的”之意，和B項意思相近。故選B。
解析
√
7.Which of the following words can best describe Professor Smith
A.Strict but patient. B.Clever and caring.
C.Shy but brave. D.Humorous and lovely.
推理判斷題。根據第二段可知教授及時地關注到了Nick的情緒；根據最后一段中的“Upon hearing this，the professor became serious and said，’You are right.See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.’ Nick nodded and smiled in relief.”可知，教授巧妙地應用了檸檬、鹽和糖的關系來開導情緒低落的Nick，所以Smith教授是聰明又體貼的，故選B。
解析
√
8.What can we learn from the story
A.Bad experience will always follow you.
B.Nothing is better than a comforting word.
C.When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.
D.Life without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
√
推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“See，this lemon juice is like your life.Just as salt cannot be taken out of the lemon juice，similarly those bad experiences cannot be separated from life.But by adding some sugar it can change the taste of the lemon juice.”以及通讀全文可知，這個故事告訴我們：要面對生活中的不好的經歷并嘗試改善，正如C選項所說的“當生活給你檸檬時，把它做成檸檬水”。故選C。
解析
1.in a bad mood情緒低落
2.take notice of注意
3.depressed adj.沮喪的→depress vt.使沮喪
4.in relief如釋重負
詞匯積累
Sir，the new term seems a little bit tough for me and something happened last month，due to which I remain troubled.
分析：此句為復合句。and為并列連詞，連接兩個并列句，due to which I remain troubled為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句。
翻譯：老師，新學期對我來說有點艱難，上個月發生了一些事情，所以我一直很煩惱。
句式分析
With the pressure of exams，assignments(作業)，college applications，athletics，and social situations，
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了高中生應對高中階段壓力的策略。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
high school students today need to learn how to manage stress more than any generation before. 1
A.Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B.Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C.There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D.The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E.Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F.Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical exercise.
G.Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the
challenges of high school.
√
由上文“With the pressure of exams，assignments(作業)，college...more than any generation before.”可知，設空處承上啟下，引出下文不同的應對高中階段壓力的策略，B選項符合語境。故選B。
解析
Put self-care first
As high school students，you’re at the age where you’re growing，and your brains are finishing developing，which means you need to get more sleep than you used to.
However，sleep is just one part of self-care. 2 Take time out each day to exercise.It will make you happier and help you recharge(休整).You’ll notice better performance，increased focus，and less stress.
A.Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B.Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C.There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D.The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E.Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F.Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical exercise.
G.Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the
challenges of high school.
√
由上文“However，sleep is just one part of self-care.”和下文“Take time out each day to exercise.”可知，設空處承上啟下，E選項建議關注身體的全面健康，符合語境。故選E。
解析
Think positively
Instead of losing your mind by assuming the worst，try picturing the best possible outcome.Rather than tell yourself “I can’t do this” or “I don’t have enough time”，repeat over and over in your mind “I can do this” and “I have plenty of time” until you believe it.
3 And you’ll notice yourself getting creative to make things happen.
A.Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B.Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C.There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D.The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E.Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F.Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical
exercise.
G.Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the
challenges of high school.
√
結合本段小標題“Think positively”和上文“Rather than tell...and ‘I have plenty of time’ until you believe it.”可知，要堅持積極的想法，D選項承接上文。故選D。
解析
Manage your time
4 Rather than have an endless to-do list that you’re constantly crossing off，learn the art of time blocking—assigning a certain amount of time to each task.
A.Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B.Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C.There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D.The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E.Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F.Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical exercise.
G.Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the
challenges of high school.
√
根據本段小標題“Manage your time”可知，本段講的是時間管理，A選項呼應標題，故選A。
解析
You’ll find that time blocking increases your ability to focus，lowers your stress levels，and gives you something to look forward to rather than feeling like you’re working on the same thing for a whole day.
Lighten up and laugh a little
Even when you do your day-to-day activities，don’t take things too seriously—laugh a little.Laughter can deal with stress as well as exercise can.
It’s another healthy escape. 5 For example，you can watch your favorite movies or cartoons，and read some funny books or magazines.Most importantly，you should be able to laugh at yourself even when things don’t go your way.
A.Stay organized and schedule your time wisely.
B.Here are some ideas that can help you deal with high school.
C.There are things you can do to promote a light-hearted nature.
D.The more you believe these thoughts，the truer they will become.
E.Make sure you are paying attention to your overall physical health.
F.Humor is a powerful stress reliever that’s comparable to physical exercise.
G.Apart from physical and mental growth，you’re also dealing with the
challenges of high school.
√
由本段小標題“Lighten up and laugh a little”和后面的舉例“For example，you can...things don’t go your way.”可知，本空承上啟下，要講述跟“開心的方法”有關的話題，C選項引出下文，符合題意。故選C。
解析
(2025·重慶高一上期中)
Mary is an exchange student from England.On the first day of the school year，she finished her registration in Yinwang High School.Although feeling a little worried and frightened，she still looked forward to exploring this foreign world.On her arrival，she signed up for some extra-curricular activities and tried to be outgoing.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了從英國來的交換生瑪麗在新環境中的日常生活。
Ⅴ.語法填空
She 1._________(prefer) to make friends with those teenagers 2.________ were attracted to study rather than those who were addicted 3.____ playing computer games.
1.考查動詞時態。空處作句子的謂語，根據前后句可知，此處在敘述過去發生的事情，時態應用一般過去時。故填preferred。
2.考查定語從句。空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞teenagers，先行詞指人，在從句中作主語，因此用關系代詞who或that作引導詞。故填who/that。
3.考查介詞。固定短語be addicted to意為“沉迷于”。故填to。
解析
preferred
who/that
to
She previewed the textbooks in advance and focused on 4. the teachers said in class，which left 5. deep impression on others.At last，she found it not so 6. (challenge) to keep up with others.Mary has a wide range of interests.
4.考查賓語從句。空處引導名詞性從句作focused on的賓語，賓語從句中said缺少賓語，且空處指代說話的內容，應用連接代詞what作引導詞。故填what。
5.考查冠詞。短語“leave a/an＋adj.＋impression on sb”意為“給某人留下……的印象”，且deep的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
6.考查形容詞。空處應用形容詞作賓語補足語。故填challenging。
解析
what
a
challenging
At weekends，she always has a great time.Out of 7. (curious)，she often goes on adventures in some tourist destinations.She also volunteers 8. (take) the responsibility of taking care of the seniors in a near nursing home.
7.考查名詞。固定短語out of curiosity意為“出于好奇”。故填curiosity。
8.考查非謂語動詞。固定短語volunteer to do sth意為“自愿做某事”。故填to take。
解析
curiosity
to take
Because of the love for reading，she 9. (attract) to the newly-opened book store since the beginning of the term.Sometimes，she is 10. (extreme) homesick，but she believes that she can make it and everything will be better in the future.
9.考查動詞時態、語態和主謂一致。空處作句子的謂語，結合“since the beginning of the term”可知，時態應用現在完成時，表示動作從過去開始發生持續到現在，attract“吸引”和主語she之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，且主語是she，助動詞應用has。故填has been attracted。
10.考查副詞。空處應用副詞形式修飾形容詞homesick。故填extremely。
解析
has been attracted
extremely
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