資源簡介

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs
閱讀以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成文后的練習
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
以上加黑的定語從句的關系詞都是關系副詞，它們分別是：when，where，why。這些詞在從句中都作狀語，如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，關系副詞要用 when，如：①③；如果先行詞是reason，關系副詞要用 why，如：②；如果先行詞是表示地點的名詞或抽象的地點名詞如situation，stage等時，關系副詞要用 where，如：④。
一、關系副詞的指代及功能
當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有when，where，why等。
1．關系副詞when
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，week，month，year等)，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。有時when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure.
曾有一段時間我壓力很大。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time.
我永遠不會忘記我第一次彈鋼琴的那一天。
2．關系副詞where
where引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place，room，house，spot等)，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。有時where＝in/at/on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here.
這個小伙子工作的辦公室離這里不遠。
[疑難點津]　有一些先行詞，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，屬于抽象的地點名詞，如果定語從句中缺地點狀語，需用where引導。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一個項目中，你都會達到一個你只想把事情做完的階段。
You would get into a position where you have to decide immediately.
你會陷入一個必須立即做出決定的境地。
3．關系副詞why
why引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解釋一下不幫助他的原因嗎？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語等成分時，則應用關系代詞。
試比較：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why在從句中作原因狀語)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我堅決不聽你給我們的理由。(that或which在從句中作直接賓語)
Ⅰ.用適當的關系詞填空
1．This is the reason why I passed out that day.
2．Do you still remember the day when I first saw you
3．I’ll never forget the day when I was attacked by a shark.
4．The picture called up the days that/which we spent together.
5．The main reason why he got the job in that company was his hard work.
6．The reason that/which he told me for his being late was that he got up late.
7．The accident has reached to the point where both their parents are to be called in.
8．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village where he grew up.
Ⅱ.用定語從句完成句子
1．他上班遲到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason why he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2．你可以參觀城市博物館，從你住的酒店步行就能到。
You can visit the City Museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel where you stay.
3．那時我還不明白死亡意味著什么。
It was a time when I didn’t understand what death meant.
4．他們現在處于必須做計劃的境地。
They are now in a situation where they have to make a plan.
作業3　Grammar and usage
[分值：74.5分]
Ⅰ.用定語從句合并句子(共4小題；每小題3分，滿分12分)
1．I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
2．I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3．The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
4．I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Ⅱ.完成下列語段，盡可能地運用定語從句(共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分)
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.which often organizes various activities for us students(體育俱樂部經常為我們學生組織各種各樣的活動)．
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.where students can take exercise or practise their skills(在學校體育館學生可以鍛煉或者練習他們的技能)．At weekends，it is available for all students 3.who are interested in sports events(對體育賽事感興趣的)．The reason 4.why we like the Sports Club(我們喜歡體育俱樂部的) is that it enriches our campus life.
All in all，all of us can do a moderate amount of exercise every day,5.through which we can strengthen our body(通過鍛煉我們可以增強我們的體質)．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀(共8小題；每小題2.5分，滿分20分)
A
(2025·江蘇南通高一上期中)
Many of us start exercising in the hope of losing unwanted pounds.Unquestionably，aiming to be more active is a good thing.But if the main reason is to lose weight，your resolution could very well come to nothing.
For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.Take walking for example.A 150-pound person who walks for 30 minutes will burn，on average，around 140 calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
When exercise is added to a diet，the results are equally unimpressive.Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.At 12 months，the diet-and-exercise combination showed a positive change，but it was slight—about 4 pounds on average.
In studies where exercise has produced meaningful weight loss，participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that，a 150-pound person would need to walk a minimum of 90 minutes or run 30 minutes per day.In short，sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to make that much effort，our bodies often compensate by boosting desire for food and slowing down metabolism(新陳代謝)，which over time limits how many pounds we lose.
When exercise fails to meet our weight-loss expectations，we often stop working out.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into punishment—a price we have to pay for a slimmer body.How many times have you heard someone say “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much We treat exercise as a form of self-punishment for being “bad”．In this case，we’re unlikely to keep doing it for very long.The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了以減肥為主要目的的鍛煉往往效果不佳，并分析了其中的原因。
1．What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Necessary. B．Fruitless.
C．Basic. D．Painful.
答案　B
解析　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“Take walking for example.A 150-pound person...investment of time and effort.”可知，步行30分鐘所消耗的熱量很少，回報并不大。這是對上文“For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.”的舉例說明，由此推知，畫線詞意思為“無效的，徒勞的”，與Fruitless同義。故選B項。
2．What happens when you run 30 minutes on a daily basis
A．You might eat more than usual.
B．You will burn 500 calories a week.
C．You might have a higher metabolic rate.
D．You will lose about 4 pounds per month.
答案　A
解析　細節理解題。根據第四段中“To achieve that，a 150-pound...over time limits how many pounds we lose.”可知，當你每天跑步30分鐘，你的身體會通過增加對食物的渴望來做出補償，即你可能會比平時吃得更多。故選A項。
3．Compared with dieting alone，what can we learn about the combination of dieting and exercising
A．It’s less effective than dieting alone.
B．It’s much more useful within six months.
C．It shows little advantage after six months.
D．It displays an impressive advantage after a year.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中“Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.”可知，與單獨節食相比，節食加運動的組合在六個月后幾乎沒有優勢。故選C項。
4．How can we keep exercising
A．By lowering our expectations.
B．By focusing less on our weight.
C．By sticking to our exercise routine.
D．By paying more attention to our well-being.
答案　D
解析　細節理解題。根據最后一段中“The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.”可知，我們可以通過更關注自己的健康來堅持鍛煉。故選D項。
B(此篇精讀)
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.Whether male or female，people since ancient times have experienced judgement being passed by others based on their appearance，whether in stating preferences for marriage partners，in the securing of a job，or even in offering help to a stranger.
From a biological angle，human beings are able to appreciate their own as well as the outer appearance of others.This has its basis in the physical world around us，where many living things found in nature are closely linked to the perfection that the golden ratio(黃金比例) shows.So，the pure physical perfection in the build of a male happens when the shoulder-to-waist ratio of a man is equal to 1.618，the golden ratio.Bodybuilders thus train to get a perfect figure in males.Likewise，women try to have an hourglass figure，through whatever ways，whether by dieting and exercise，or through make-up or plastic surgery.
However，is beauty an objective feature or a subjective one considered through the “eye of the beholder”？ Research carried out worldwide on beauty shows that the way people view beauty differs across time and culture.Hardly any common features exist across all cultures.This completely explains that cultural evaluations of beauty greatly differ.
Indeed，to borrow the words of the great poet，John Keats，“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”，as long as we，as a human race，have the power to recognize and appreciate different forms of beauty in our fellow human beings，we will continue to increase our awareness of aesthetic(美學) and find a reason to admire and value the different aspects of beauty which make each of us uniquely beautiful.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了人類對美的衡量標準及其歷史、文化差異性。文章強調，只要人類能夠認識和欣賞彼此身上不同形式的美，就能不斷提升審美意識，并找到理由去欣賞并珍視使每個人獨特美麗的不同方面。
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．The standard of beauty is measurable.
B．People are increasingly worried about appearance.
C．Good-looking people are perfect marriage partners.
D．Physical appearance is important throughout history.
答案　D
解析　段落大意題。根據第一段“Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure...offering help to a stranger.”可知，人類長久以來一直擔心美的衡量標準，從古至今，人們的外貌一直是評判的焦點。因此，本段主要討論的是外貌在歷史上一直很重要。故選D。
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning the golden ratio
A．People are born to appreciate appearance.
B．Many living things in nature are perfect.
C．Men try different ways to build up strength.
D．Women get into shape by dieting and exercise.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段中“From a biological angle，human beings...that the golden ratio(黃金比例) shows.”可知，從生物學角度來說，人類欣賞自己和他人外貌的能力是有基礎的，即我們周圍的物理世界——自然界中的許多生物都與黃金比例所展現的完美緊密相連。因此，作者提到黃金比例是想表明人們天生就具有欣賞外貌的能力。故選A。
7．What does the author probably agree
A．We can judge a book by its cover.
B．Evaluations of beauty are unchangeable.
C．Beauty standards are closely related to culture.
D．Beautiful face excuses someone from punishment.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Research carried out worldwide...evaluations of beauty greatly differ.”可知，不同的文化對于美的看法大不相同，由此推斷作者可能同意美的標準與文化密切相關。故選C。
8．What is stressed in the last paragraph
A．Poems have the power to express beauty.
B．Human beings have the right to create beauty.
C．Beauty can be found in different aesthetic standards.
D．Different aspects of our life are affected by aesthetic.
答案　C
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Indeed，to borrow the words...make each of us uniquely beautiful.”可知，只要我們人類有能力認識和欣賞彼此身上不同形式的美，我們就能持續提高美學意識、欣賞美的不同方面。因此，本段強調的是在不同的審美標準中都可以發現美。故選C。
[詞匯積累] 1．judgement(派)＝judge＋ment n．評價，判斷 2．appearance(派)＝appear＋ance n．外貌 3．state v．陳述(本文為此義) n．狀態 4．preference(派)＝prefer＋ence n．偏愛，偏好 5．objective adj.客觀的→(反)subjective adj.主觀的 [句式分析] Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century. 分析：that引導限制性定語從句，and連接兩個并列的分句。 翻譯：美麗只是膚淺的，但對美的衡量標準卻是長期以來困擾人類的問題，而且這在21世紀仍然是一個熱門話題。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
(2025·山東省實驗中學高一上期中)
Daniel Shore，the chair of Georgetown’s English Department，said that his students have trouble staying focused on even a sonnet(十四行詩)．A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had no problem taking part in complex discussions of Pride and Prejudice one week and Crime and Punishment the next. 1
2 But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.Anthony，a Princeton historian，said his students arrive on campus with a narrower vocabulary and less understanding of language than they used to have.Jack Chen，a Chinese-literature professor at the University of Virginia，finds his students less able to stick to a challenging text than they used to be.
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction suggests one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices. 3 After all，reading books，even for fun，can’t compete with social platforms where appealing videos and pictures suck viewers in.
Young adults appear to see fewer books in the classrooms as well.Educational measures emphasize informational texts and standardized tests.There is no testing skill that can be related to.Can you sit down and read Tolstoy If a skill is not easily measured，instructors are not always pushed to teach it. 4 Some top private schools seem to be slower to shift away from reading complete volumes.
Deep reading stimulates valuable mental habits，including critical thinking and self-reflection，in ways that reading short passages does not. 5 They transport readers into the minds of someone who lived hundreds of years ago or a person who lived in a different culture.
A．No complete data exist on this trend.
B．Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C．These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D．Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E．But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F．This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G．Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。本文主要分析了現在學生閱讀能力和閱讀興趣下降的現象，及其原因，并說明了深度閱讀的好處。
1．答案　D
解析　根據前文“A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had...Crime and Punishment the next.”可知，前文提到十年前Daniel Shore的學生能夠閱讀并討論復雜的文學作品，D選項描述現狀，與前文形成了對比，符合語境，故選D。
2．答案　A
解析　根據后文“But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.”可知，閱讀能力下降實際上是一個普遍的現象。A選項指出沒有關于這一趨勢的完整數據，與后文構成轉折，故選A。
3．答案　F
解析　根據前文“...one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices.”可知，青少年沉迷于智能手機是導致青少年閱讀能力下降的常見解釋。F選項承接前文，指出沉迷手機導致學生很少讀書，其中的This指代前文的“沉迷于手機”，故選F。
4．答案　E
解析　根據前文“Educational measures...to teach it.”可知，教育措施強調信息文本和標準化測試，而不太重視閱讀技能的培養。E選項中的this upsetting phenomenon指代前文的“教育措施不太重視閱讀技能的培養”的現象，同時a comforting practice引出下文講的仍有一些頂尖的私立學校在重視閱讀。故選E。
5．答案　B
解析　根據前文“Deep reading stimulates...passages does not.”可知，此處強調深度閱讀可以激發寶貴的思維習慣。B選項強調書籍還可以培養理解他人的能力，進一步說明了深度閱讀的重要性，且引出下文說明書籍帶讀者了解他人的思想，選項中的books是下文中的They的指代對象。故選B。
Ⅴ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
(2025·湖南長沙高一上期中)
In ancient China，beauty was a complex concept that went beyond mere physical appearance.It was not just about 1. (look) good；beauty was also about being good inside.Many ideas about beauty came from Confucian philosophy 2. a person’s moral virtues and inner qualities were the true reflections of beauty.
In the past，fair skin and delicate features 3. (prefer) because they showed that a person was noble and did not work outside.These ideas 4. (change) over time but still affect today’s ideas about beauty.For instance，fair skin is still often associated with elegance and refinement in many cultures.
Women in ancient China used special beauty routines 5. (make) themselves look beautiful.They used things like rice powder for fair skin and natural products for 6. nice look.These routines were not only about enhancing physical beauty but also about maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle.
In different times,7. people thought about beauty was different.For example，during the Tang Dynasty，a fuller figure was seen as 8. (attract) because it showed health.Later，the Song Dynasty favored a 9. (slim) look.
In short，ancient Chinese ideas of beauty were more than skin deep.They mixed the way people looked 10. who they were on the inside.These ideas are still important today.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了古代中國對美的看法。
1．答案　looking
解析　考查非謂語動詞。空前為介詞about，設空處為動名詞作賓語。故填looking。
2．答案　where
解析　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句且在該從句中作地點狀語。故填where。
3．答案　were preferred
解析　考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。設空處為主句的謂語動詞，和主語fair skin and delicate features之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語In the past可知，句子的時態為一般過去時，故設空處用一般過去時的被動語態；主語ideas為復數，be動詞用were。故填were preferred。
4．答案　have changed
解析　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處為句子的謂語動詞，根據時間狀語over time可知，句子的時態為現在完成時；主語ideas為復數，助動詞用have。故填have changed。
5．答案　to make
解析　考查非謂語動詞。設空處用動詞不定式表示目的。故填to make。
6．答案　a
解析　考查冠詞。look為名詞單數，表示泛指，應用不定冠詞修飾，且nice的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
7．答案　what
解析　考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句且在從句中作表物的賓語，應用what。故填what。
8．答案　attractive
解析　考查形容詞。設空處應用形容詞作補語。故填attractive。
9．答案　slimmer
解析　考查形容詞的比較級。設空處應用形容詞作定語修飾空后的名詞，根據上句中的fuller可知，設空處應用slim的比較級。故填slimmer。
10．答案　and
解析　考查連詞。the way people looked和who they were on the inside為并列的賓語，應用and連接。故填and。(共62張PPT)
Period 3
Looking good，feeling good
Unit 4
Grammar and usage—Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs
內容索引
情境導讀
語法精講
作業3
達標檢測
情境導讀
閱讀以下短文，感知加顏色部分，并完成文后的練習
Do you remember a time ①when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest Unfortunately，your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent study has found that many people suffer from sleep problems.Some are unable to fall asleep，some wake up in the middle of the night，and others simply do not get enough sleep.One of the reasons ②why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.In the short term，people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating.In the long term，they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory，being overweight and suffering a heart attack.Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers.They are still growing and night is the time ③when their bodies grow faster.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations ④where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
So，if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep，it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
以上加顏色的定語從句的關系詞都是關系副詞，它們分別是：__________
_____________。這些詞在從句中都作狀語，如果先行詞是表示時間的名詞，關系副詞要用_______，如：_______；如果先行詞是reason，關系副詞要用_______，如：______；如果先行詞是表示地點的名詞或抽象的地點名詞如situation，stage等時，關系副詞要用_______ ，如：_____ 。
when，
where，why
when
①③
why
②
where
④
返 回
語法精講
一、關系副詞的指代及功能
當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有when，where，why等。
1.關系副詞when
when引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞(如time，day，week，month，year等)，關系副詞when在從句中作時間狀語。有時when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I was under a lot of pressure.
曾有一段時間我壓力很大。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I played the piano for the first time.
我永遠不會忘記我第一次彈鋼琴的那一天。
2.關系副詞where
where引導定語從句時，先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞(如place，room，house，spot等)，關系副詞where在從句中作地點狀語。有時where＝in/at/on...＋which，具體用哪個介詞，要根據先行詞的搭配來確定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他們正在有很多花的公園里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the guy works is not far from here.
這個小伙子工作的辦公室離這里不遠。
[疑難點津]有一些先行詞，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，屬于抽象的地點名詞，如果定語從句中缺地點狀語，需用where引導。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一個項目中，你都會達到一個你只想把事情做完的階段。
You would get into a position where you have to decide immediately.
你會陷入一個必須立即做出決定的境地。
3.關系副詞why
why引導定語從句時，先行詞常為reason，關系副詞why在從句中作原因狀語。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解釋一下不幫助他的原因嗎？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告訴我你沒參加他的生日宴會的原因嗎？
二、關系代詞和關系副詞的判定
表示時間、地點及原因的名詞作先行詞時，定語從句可用關系代詞引導，也可用關系副詞引導。若先行詞在定語從句中作狀語，應用關系副詞；若先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語等成分時，則應用關系代詞。
試比較：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你還記得我們在農場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that或which在從句中作spent的賓語)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他為什么沒向他的好朋友求助。(why在從句中作原因狀語)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我堅決不聽你給我們的理由。(that或which在從句中作直接賓語)
返 回
達標檢測
1.This is the reason _____ I passed out that day.
2.Do you still remember the day ______ I first saw you
3.I’ll never forget the day ______ I was attacked by a shark.
4.The picture called up the days __________ we spent together.
5.The main reason ______ he got the job in that company was his hard work.
6.The reason _____________ he told me for his being late was that he got up late.
Ⅰ.用適當的關系代詞填空
why
when
when
that/which
why
that/which
7.The accident has reached to the point ______ both their parents are to be called in.
8.After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village ________ he grew up.
where
where
1.他上班遲到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
The reason _______________________ was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2.你可以參觀城市博物館，從你住的酒店步行就能到。
You can visit the City Museum，which is within walking distance of the hotel ______________.
3.那時我還不明白死亡意味著什么。
It was a time _______________________________________.
4.他們現在處于必須做計劃的境地。
They are now in a situation _____________________________.
Ⅱ.用定語從句合并句子
返 回
why he was late for work
where you stay
when I didn’t understand what death meant
where they have to make a plan
作業3
1.I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
_______________________________________________________________
Ⅰ.用定語從句合并句子
The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3.The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Dear Tom，
How are you doing these days I’m writing to tell you about our school’s Sports Club,1.______________________________________________
________ (體育俱樂部經常為我們學生組織各種各樣的活動).
The Sports Club is located in our school’s gym,2.___________________
_______________________________(在學校體育館學生可以鍛煉或者練習他們的技能).At weekends，it is available for all students 3.____________
_______________________(對體育賽事感興趣的).The reason 4.___________
_______________(我們喜歡體育俱樂部的) is that it enriches our campus life.
Ⅱ.完成下列語段，盡可能地運用定語從句
which often organizes various activities for us
students
where students can
take exercise or practise their skills
who are
interested in sports events
why we like
the Sports Club
All in all，all of us can do a moderate amount of exercise every day, 5.______________________________________(通過鍛煉我們可以增強我們的體質).
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
through which we can strengthen our body
A
(2025·江蘇南通高一上期中)
Many of us start exercising in the hope of losing unwanted pounds.Unquestionably，aiming to be more active is a good thing.But if the main reason is to lose weight，your resolution could very well come to nothing.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了以減肥為主要目的的鍛煉往往效果不佳，并分析了其中的原因。
Ⅲ.主題語篇閱讀
For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.Take walking for example.A 150-pound person who walks for 30 minutes will burn，on average，around 140 calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
When exercise is added to a diet，the results are equally unimpressive.Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.At 12 months，the diet-and-exercise combination showed a positive change，but it was slight—about 4 pounds on average.
In studies where exercise has produced meaningful weight loss，participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that，a 150-pound person would need to walk a minimum of 90 minutes or run 30 minutes per day.In short，sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to make that much effort，our bodies often compensate by boosting desire for food and slowing down metabolism(新陳代謝)，which over time limits how many pounds we lose.
When exercise fails to meet our weight-loss expectations，we often stop working out.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into punishment—a price we have to pay for a slimmer body.How many times have you heard someone say “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much We treat exercise as a form of self-punishment for being “bad”.In this case，we’re unlikely to keep doing it for very long.The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.
1.What does the underlined word “futile” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Necessary. B.Fruitless.
C.Basic. D.Painful.
√
詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞后文“Take walking for example.A 150-pound person...investment of time and effort.”可知，步行30分鐘所消耗的熱量很少，回報并不大。這是對上文“For starters，exercise is typically futile for weight loss.”的舉例說明，由此推知，畫線詞意思為“無效的，徒勞的”，與Fruitless同義。故選B項。
解析
2.What happens when you run 30 minutes on a daily basis
A.You might eat more than usual.
B.You will burn 500 calories a week.
C.You might have a higher metabolic rate.
D.You will lose about 4 pounds per month.
√
細節理解題。根據第四段中“To achieve that，a 150-pound...over time limits how many pounds we lose.”可知，當你每天跑步30分鐘，你的身體會通過增加對食物的渴望來做出補償，即你可能會比平時吃得更多。故選A項。
解析
3.Compared with dieting alone，what can we learn about the combination of dieting and exercising
A.It’s less effective than dieting alone.
B.It’s much more useful within six months.
C.It shows little advantage after six months.
D.It displays an impressive advantage after a year.
√
細節理解題。根據第三段中“Researchers found that a combination of dieting and exercising produced no greater weight loss than dieting alone after six months.”可知，與單獨節食相比，節食加運動的組合在六個月后幾乎沒有優勢。故選C項。
解析
4.How can we keep exercising
A.By lowering our expectations.
B.By focusing less on our weight.
C.By sticking to our exercise routine.
D.By paying more attention to our well-being.
√
細節理解題。根據最后一段中“The conclusion is that we’re more likely to treat exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.”可知，我們可以通過更關注自己的健康來堅持鍛煉。故選D項。
解析
B(此篇精讀)
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.Whether male or female，people since ancient times have experienced judgement being passed by others based on their appearance，whether in stating preferences for marriage partners，in the securing of a job，or even in offering help to a stranger.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了人類對美的衡量標準及其歷史、文化差異性。文章強調，只要人類能夠認識和欣賞彼此身上不同形式的美，就能不斷提升審美意識，并找到理由去欣賞并珍視使每個人獨特美麗的不同方面。
From a biological angle，human beings are able to appreciate their own as well as the outer appearance of others.This has its basis in the physical world around us，where many living things found in nature are closely linked to the perfection that the golden ratio(黃金比例) shows.So，the pure physical perfection in the build of a male happens when the shoulder-to-waist ratio of a man is equal to 1.618，the golden ratio. Bodybuilders thus train to get a perfect figure in males.Likewise，women try to have an hourglass figure，through whatever ways，whether by dieting and exercise，or through make-up or plastic surgery.
However，is beauty an objective feature or a subjective one considered through the “eye of the beholder”？ Research carried out worldwide on beauty shows that the way people view beauty differs across time and culture.Hardly any common features exist across all cultures.This completely explains that cultural evaluations of beauty greatly differ.
Indeed，to borrow the words of the great poet，John Keats，“A thing of beauty is a joy forever”，as long as we，as a human race，have the power to recognize and appreciate different forms of beauty in our fellow human beings，we will continue to increase our awareness of aesthetic(美學) and find a reason to admire and value the different aspects of beauty which make each of us uniquely beautiful.
5.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.The standard of beauty is measurable.
B.People are increasingly worried about appearance.
C.Good-looking people are perfect marriage partners.
D.Physical appearance is important throughout history.
√
段落大意題。根據第一段“Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure... offering help to a stranger.”可知，人類長久以來一直擔心美的衡量標準，從古至今，人們的外貌一直是評判的焦點。因此，本段主要討論的是外貌在歷史上一直很重要。故選D。
解析
6.What does the author want to show by mentioning the golden ratio
A.People are born to appreciate appearance.
B.Many living things in nature are perfect.
C.Men try different ways to build up strength.
D.Women get into shape by dieting and exercise.
√
推理判斷題。根據第二段中“From a biological angle，human beings... that the golden ratio(黃金比例) shows.”可知，從生物學角度來說，人類欣賞自己和他人外貌的能力是有基礎的，即我們周圍的物理世界——自然界中的許多生物都與黃金比例所展現的完美緊密相連。因此，作者提到黃金比例是想表明人們天生就具有欣賞外貌的能力。故選A。
解析
7.What does the author probably agree
A.We can judge a book by its cover.
B.Evaluations of beauty are unchangeable.
C.Beauty standards are closely related to culture.
D.Beautiful face excuses someone from punishment.
推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Research carried out worldwide... evaluations of beauty greatly differ.”可知，不同的文化對于美的看法大不相同，由此推斷作者可能同意美的標準與文化密切相關。故選C。
解析
√
8.What is stressed in the last paragraph
A.Poems have the power to express beauty.
B.Human beings have the right to create beauty.
C.Beauty can be found in different aesthetic standards.
D.Different aspects of our life are affected by aesthetic.
√
推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Indeed，to borrow the words...make each of us uniquely beautiful.”可知，只要我們人類有能力認識和欣賞彼此身上不同形式的美，我們就能持續提高美學意識、欣賞美的不同方面。因此，本段強調的是在不同的審美標準中都可以發現美。故選C。
解析
1.judgement(派)＝judge＋ment n.評價，判斷
2.appearance(派)＝appear＋ance n.外貌
3.state v.陳述(本文為此義) n.狀態
4.preference(派)＝prefer＋ence n.偏愛，偏好
5.objective adj.客觀的→(反)subjective adj.主觀的
詞匯積累
Beauty is only skin deep，but the measure of beauty is something that has worried humans for a very long time，and this is still a hot topic well into the 21st century.
分析：that引導限制性定語從句，and連接兩個并列的分句。
翻譯：美麗只是膚淺的，但對美的衡量標準卻是長期以來困擾人類的問題，而且這在21世紀仍然是一個熱門話題。
句式分析
(2025·山東省實驗中學高一上期中)
Daniel Shore，the chair of Georgetown’s English Department，said that his students have trouble staying focused on even a sonnet(十四行詩).
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。本文主要分析了現在學生閱讀能力和閱讀興趣下降的現象，及其原因，并說明了深度閱讀的好處。
Ⅳ.七選五閱讀
A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had no problem taking part in complex discussions of Pride and Prejudice one week and Crime and Punishment the next. 1
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根據前文“A decade ago，Daniel’s classes had...Crime and Punishment the next.”可知，前文提到十年前Daniel Shore的學生能夠閱讀并討論復雜的文學作品，D選項描述現狀，與前文形成了對比，符合語境，故選D。
解析
2 But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.Anthony，a Princeton historian，said his students arrive on campus with a narrower vocabulary and less understanding of language than they used to have.Jack Chen，a Chinese-literature professor at the University of Virginia，finds his students less able to stick to a challenging text than they used to be.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根據后文“But a majority of professors expressed similar experiences.”可知，閱讀能力下降實際上是一個普遍的現象。A選項指出沒有關于這一趨勢的完整數據，與后文構成轉折，故選A。
解析
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction suggests one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices. 3 After all，reading books，even for fun，can’t compete with social platforms where appealing videos and pictures suck viewers in.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根據前文“...one familiar explanation for the decline in reading ability：smartphones.Teenagers are constantly addicted to their devices.”可知，青少年沉迷于智能手機是導致青少年閱讀能力下降的常見解釋。F選項承接前文，指出沉迷手機導致學生很少讀書，其中的This指代前文的“沉迷于手機”，故選F。
解析
Young adults appear to see fewer books in the classrooms as well.Educational measures emphasize informational texts and standardized tests.There is no testing skill that can be related to.Can you sit down and read Tolstoy If a skill is not easily measured，instructors are not always pushed to teach it. 4 Some top private schools seem to be slower to shift away from reading complete volumes.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根據前文“Educational measures...to teach it.”可知，教育措施強調信息文本和標準化測試，而不太重視閱讀技能的培養。E選項中的this upsetting phenomenon指代前文的“教育措施不太重視閱讀技能的培養”的現象，同時a comforting practice引出下文講的仍有一些頂尖的私立學校在重視閱讀。故選E。
解析
Deep reading stimulates valuable mental habits，including critical thinking and self-reflection，in ways that reading short passages does not. 5 They transport readers into the minds of someone who lived hundreds of years ago or a person who lived in a different culture.
A.No complete data exist on this trend.
B.Besides，books can train the ability to understand people.
C.These devices are fully functional with many advantages.
D.Now his students tell him that the reading load feels impossible.
E.But there is a comforting practice to this upsetting phenomenon.
F.This causes a big challenge to their picking up a book and diving in.
G.Therefore，it makes sense to encourage book reading among teenagers.
√
根據前文“Deep reading stimulates...passages does not.”可知，此處強調深度閱讀可以激發寶貴的思維習慣。B選項強調書籍還可以培養理解他人的能力，進一步說明了深度閱讀的重要性，且引出下文說明書籍帶讀者了解他人的思想，選項中的books是下文中的They的指代對象。故選B。
解析
(2025·湖南長沙高一上期中)
In ancient China，beauty was a complex concept that went beyond mere physical appearance.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了古代中國對美的看法。
Ⅴ.語法填空
It was not just about 1._________(look) good；beauty was also about being good inside.Many ideas about beauty came from Confucian philosophy 2. ________ a person’s moral virtues and inner qualities were the true reflections of beauty.
looking
where
1.考查非謂語動詞。空前為介詞about，設空處為動名詞作賓語。故填looking。
2.考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句且在該從句中作地點狀語。故填where。
解析
In the past，fair skin and delicate features 3. (prefer) because they showed that a person was noble and did not work outside.
were preferred
考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。設空處為主句的謂語動詞，和主語fair skin and delicate features之間是被動關系，根據時間狀語In the past可知，句子的時態為一般過去時，故設空處用一般過去時的被動語態；主語ideas為復數，be動詞用were。故填were preferred。
解析
These ideas 4. (change) over time but still affect today’s ideas about beauty.For instance，fair skin is still often associated with elegance and refinement in many cultures.
have changed
考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。設空處為句子的謂語動詞，根據時間狀語over time可知，句子的時態為現在完成時；主語ideas為復數，助動詞用have。故填have changed。
解析
Women in ancient China used special beauty routines 5.__________ (make) themselves look beautiful.They used things like rice powder for fair skin and natural products for 6._____ nice look.These routines were not only about enhancing physical beauty but also about maintaining a healthy and balanced lifestyle.
to make
a
5.考查非謂語動詞。設空處用動詞不定式表示目的。故填to make。
6.考查冠詞。look為名詞單數，表示泛指，應用不定冠詞修飾，且nice的發音以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
解析
In different times,7.______people thought about beauty was different. For example，during the Tang Dynasty，a fuller figure was seen as 8.__________ (attract) because it showed health.Later，the Song Dynasty favored a 9. __________(slim) look.
what
attractive
slimmer
7.考查主語從句。設空處引導主語從句且在從句中作表物的賓語，應用what。故填what。
8.考查形容詞。設空處應用形容詞作補語。故填attractive。
9.考查形容詞的比較級。設空處應用形容詞作定語修飾空后的名詞，根據上句中的fuller可知，設空處應用slim的比較級。故填slimmer。
解析
In short，ancient Chinese ideas of beauty were more than skin deep.They mixed the way people looked 10. who they were on the inside.These ideas are still important today.
and
考查連詞。the way people looked和who they were on the inside為并列的賓語，應用and連接。故填and。
解析
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