資源簡介

(共88張PPT)
主題語境:人與社會——體育文化、體育精神
UNIT 2　Sports culture ——體育文化
大觀念之單元話題:本單元的主題語境是“人與社會”,話題為“體育文化、體育精神”。本單元要求學生理解體育與語言和文化的關系,感悟奧運文化和奧運精神的內涵,領會體育精神的實質,樹立正確的輸贏觀,了解中國在奧運方面的發展歷程和矚目成就,增強文化自信和民族自豪感。
①sedentary / sedntri/ 　adj.(人)慣于久坐不動的
②well－established/ wel st bl t/ adj.得到確認的
③optimal / pt m l/ 　adj.最有效果的
④minimal / m n m l/　adj.極小的;極少的
⑤cardiology / k di l d i/　n.心臟病學
⑥assess / ses/　v.評價,評定;估價
⑦cardiovascular/ k di v skj l (r)/adj.心血管的
⑧cut－off / k t f/ 　n.界點,界限
⑨be associated with　與……有關
類文悅讀·情境導學
即使每天只走4 000步,也可能降低你死于任何原因的風險——不過,你走得越多,對健康的好處就越大。
Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause,the largest analysis to date suggests—the more you walk,the greater the health benefits.The idea that a sedentary①
lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well－established②,but it has been
unclear what the optimal③ number of steps people should take,and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal④.To investigate,researchers led by Maciej Banach,a professor of cardiology⑤ at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland,drew on data from 17 previous studies—involving 226,889 people,who were followed for an average of seven years—to assess⑥ the health impacts of different daily step counts.
The study,published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause,while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular⑦ disease.Above these cut－offs⑧,each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with⑨ a 15％ reduction in the risk of dying from any case,while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7％ reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease.
“Our study confirms that the more you walk,the better,” said Banach.“We found that this applied to both men and women,regardless of age and the region where you live.In addition,our analysis indicates that as little as 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce deaths from any cause,and even fewer to reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease.”
文本整體理解
內
容
索
引
語篇助解釋疑
課時測評作業
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:Pre－reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
According to the title,this passage is mainly about some common knowledge of the Olympic Games.
Step Two:While－reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Diverse sports in the Olympic Games.
B.The history and achievement of Beijing Olympic Games.
C.Some famous Olympic players who have made great contributions.
D.The history,developments and achievements of the Olympic Games.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) ①　　　　　　 of the Olympic Games
Part 2(Paras.②　 　) History of the Olympic Games
Part 3(Paras.③　 　) Well－known Olympians
Part 4(Para.6) ④　　　　　　 and the Olympic Games
Part 5(Para.7) ⑤　　　　　　 of the Olympic Games
Introduction
2&3
4&5　
China
Influence
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why is the Olympics acknowledged as an extraordinary sporting event
A.Because it is held every four years.
B.Because it has a history of about 3,000 years.
C.Because its spirit has never been changed.
D.Because it brings together top athletes in the world.
√
2.What do we know about Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis－Hill
A.They are both track and field athletes.
B.They both won more than one gold medal.
C.They both thought great talent could lead to sporting excellence.
D.They both should be applauded for their excellent achievements.
√
3.What’s the meaning of “proceed” in Line 25,Para.4
A.Determined. B.Continued.
C.Failed. D.Succeeded.
4.How many historic moments for China are mentioned in the last but one paragraph
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
√
√
5.How does the author develop the passage
①By listing numbers
②By giving examples
③By quoting words
④By using headlines
A.①② B.①②③
C.①②③④ D.①②④
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句,主句為　　　　　　 　　　　,句中when引導　　　　　　　　從句,修飾during the 1960 Rome Olympics。demonstrating...in the process為現在分詞短語作狀語。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
He came to public attention
非限制性定語
他在1960年羅馬奧運會上引起了公眾的關注,當時他為美國贏得了輕重量級拳擊金牌,在比賽過程中展現了過人的天賦和優秀的品性。
2.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句。主句為　　　　　　　　,In an interview為狀語,其中第一個that引導　　　　從句;第二個that引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞the training。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
__________________________________________________________
she revealed ...
賓語
她在采訪中透露,自己維持良好表現的秘訣在于從來不缺席訓練。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The Olympics play 1.　　　　　　 significant role in the sports calendar.The extraordinary sporting event first took place in the year 776 BCE.At that time,only Greek men were allowed 2.______________ (take) part.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.A Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,3. 　　　　　　dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from
a
to take
whose
different cultures live side by side in peace,4. 　　 　　　　(bring) the Olympics back to life.In the history of the Olympics,a lot of sportspersons deserve 5.　　　 　　　 (praise).Among them the boxer Cassius Clay and the track and field athlete Jessica Ennis－Hill are 6.____________ (extreme) excellent.Cassius Clay draw 7.___________ (people) attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics, when he won the light heavyweight gold medal.Jessica Ennis－Hill’s story is a remarkable example of how hard work and 8._____________ (devote)
brought
to be praised/praising
extremely
people’s
devotion
can lead to outstanding performance in sports.The 2008 Beijing Olympics appealed 9.　　　　　　 the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.Another 10.　　　　　　 (history)moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
to
historic
語 篇 助 解 釋 疑
[原文呈現]　 The Olympic Games
Every four years,thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship,solidarity①and fair play②,ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best.This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.[1]
[1]句中that引導定語從句,修飾event。
[Subheading③ 1]The history of the Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE④.During the early Games,only Greek men were allowed to participate.They competed⑤ in such events as boxing,running and the long jump.The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries,until they eventually died out⑥ around the year 393.
More than 1,500 years later,however,the Games rose⑦ again.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,who brought the Olympics back to life.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial⑧ origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.[2]For over a century,people from diverse⑨ backgrounds have made joint⑩ efforts to help realize Coubertin’s dream.
[2]句中that引導表語從句。
[Subheading 2]The sportspersons who should be applauded
Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes,both male and female,have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the
process.[3]Afterwards ,this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964,and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali.He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
[3]句中when引導非限制性定語從句,修飾during the 1960 Rome Olympics,現在分詞短語demonstrating great talent and personality in the process作伴隨狀語。
Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill.Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence.A former track and field athlete from the UK,she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.As if that were not enough,she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016,just two years after giving birth to her first child.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.[4]
[4]句中第一個that引導賓語從句,第二個that引導定語從句,修飾training。
[Subheading 3]The historic Olympic moments of China
The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also ranked first in the medal table.This success is truly remarkable if you consider that just 24 years before,at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal.[5] Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport
has been unstoppable.At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles ,while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games,the Chinese women’s volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final.[6] Another historic moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[5]句中if引導條件狀語從句,該從句中that引導賓語從句。
[6]句中while連接兩個并列句。
The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world.As Coubertin believed,“With the Olympic Games,each generation celebrates its advent ,its joy of living,its faith in the future,its ambition and its will to ascend .”
[名師圈點]
①solidarity / s l d r ti/ n.團結,齊心協力
②fair play (按規則進行的)公平比賽
rules designed to ensure fair play旨在確保比賽公平的規則
③subheading / s bhed / n.副標題
④BCE / bi si i / abbr.公元前
[聯想]　CE / si i / 公元
⑤compete /k m pi t/ vi.參加比賽;競爭
⑥die out 逐漸消失,滅絕
⑦rise /r z/ vi.[熟詞生義] 復活;再生
⑧racial / re l/ adj.種族的;種族間的
[派生構詞]　race(n.種族)+-ial(形容詞后綴)→racial(adj.)
⑨diverse /da v s/ adj.多種多樣的,不同的
[派生構詞]　diverse(adj.)+-ity(名詞后級,表示“……特征,……行為”)→diversity(n.不同;多樣化)
a great/wide/rich diversity of... 各種各樣的 ……
⑩joint /d nt/ adj.聯合的,共同的 n.關節;接合處
make joint efforts 共同努力
a joint account 聯名賬戶
knee joints 膝關節
motivate / m t ve t/ vt.激勵,激發;成為……的動機,是……的原因
motto / m t / n.格言,座右銘
boundary / ba ndri/ n.邊界,分界線
national boundaries 國界
within/beyond the boundaries of sth
在某事物的范圍內/超出某事物的范圍
demonstrate / dem nstre t/ vt.表現,表露;證實,證明;示范,演示
vi.游行示威
[派生詞]demonstration / dem n stre n/ n.演 示;證實;表露;游行示威
afterwards / a ft w dz/ adv.以后,后來
shortly/soon afterwards 不久以后
proceed /pr si d/ vi.接著做,繼而做;繼續從事(或進行);行進,前往
proceed to do sth 接著做某事
proceed with sth 繼續做某事
proceed smoothly 進展順利
flame /fle m/ n.火焰,火舌
light the flame 點燃火焰
applaud / pl d/ vt.& vi.稱贊,贊許;鼓掌
applaud...for (doing) sth因(做)某事而贊賞……
applaud loudly 熱烈鼓掌
[拓展]applause / pl z/ n.鼓掌,喝彩
a round of applause 一陣鼓掌/喝彩
thunderous applause 雷鳴般的掌聲
lead to 導致;通往
track and field 田徑運動
consistent /k n s st nt/ adj.一致的,始終如一的;連續的
be consistent in... 在……方面一致
be consistent with... 與……一致/相符
[派生構詞]consistent(adj.)+-ly(副詞后綴)→consistently adv.一致地,始終如一地;連續地
call on sb to do sth 正式邀請某人做某事;請求某人做某事
call on 公開請求,呼吁
humanity /hju m n ti/ n.(統稱)人,人類;人性;人道,仁慈(=human being,humankind,human,man,mankind);
a man of deep humanity 一個極富同情心的人
rank /r k/ vi.& vt.屬于某等級,把……分等級;排列,使排成行 n.地位,級別;等級;排,列;軍銜
trend /trend/ n.趨勢,趨向
upward trend 上升的趨勢
trend towards... ……的趨勢
hurdle / h dl/ n.(hurdles)跨欄賽;欄架;障礙
election / lek n/ n.選舉,推選;當選
win/lose an election 在選舉中獲勝/失敗
have/hold an election 舉行選舉
run for election 參加競選
[派生構詞]　elect(vt.選舉;選擇)+-ion(名詞后級)→ election(n.)
elect sb to be/as... 選舉某人擔任……
elect to do sth 選擇做某事
advent / dvent/ n.(重要事件、人物等的)到來,出現
faith /fe θ/ n.信心;宗教信仰
faith in... 對……的信心/信任
ambition / m b n/ n.追求的目標,夙愿;野心,雄心,壯志
ascend / send/ vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高
[參考譯文]　 奧林匹克運動會
每過四年,成千上萬名訓練有素、天賦過人的運動員,本著友誼、團結和公平競爭的精神聚集在一起準備相互較量,希望能成為舉世公認的頂尖選手。這就是奧運會——一場可以追溯到約3 000年前的非凡的體育賽事。
[副標題1]奧林匹克運動會的歷史
古代奧林匹克運動會始于公元前776年。早期的奧運會只允許希臘男性參賽。他們的競賽項目包括拳擊、賽跑和跳遠。古代奧林匹克運動會每四年在希臘的奧林匹亞舉辦,持續了近12個世紀,直到公元393年前后才最終停辦。
然而1 500多年后,奧運會舊火重燃。1896年,第一屆現代奧運會在雅典舉辦。是一位叫皮埃爾·德·顧拜旦的法國人使奧運會重現生機。他的夢想是借助奧運會讓不同種族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。一個多世紀以來,來自不同背景的人們共同努力,幫助實現顧拜旦的夢想。
[副標題2] 值得稱贊的運動員
在原先的奧運口號“更快、更高、更強”的激勵下,許多著名的男女運動員致力于在體育運動方面追求卓越突破人類成就的極限。拳擊手卡修斯·克萊就是這樣一名奧運會選手。他在1960年羅馬奧運會上引起了公眾的關注,當時他為美國贏得了輕重量級拳擊金牌,在比賽過程中展現了過人的天賦和優秀的品性。后來,這位年輕人又在1964年成為了世界重量級拳擊冠軍,之后將名字改成了我們耳熟能詳的穆罕默德·阿里。1996年,他重返亞特蘭大奧林匹克運動會,在開幕式上點燃了奧運火炬。在2016年過世前,阿里已經被公認為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。
另一位值得稱贊的運動員是杰西卡·恩尼斯-希爾。她的故事為我們出色地示范了如何通過勤奮和專注取得優異的體育成績。作為一名前英國田徑運動員,2012年,她在自己的祖國贏得了一塊奧運金牌。不僅如此,2016年,在生下第一個孩子僅僅兩年后,她又重返奧運賽場并斬獲一塊銀牌。她在采訪中透露,自己維持良好表現的秘訣在于從來不缺席訓練。
[副標題3]中國奧運會的歷史性時刻
2008年北京奧運會以“同一個世界,同一個夢想”為口號,號召全世界共享奧運精神,為人類共建美好未來。中國不僅是第一次舉辦奧運會,更是在獎牌榜上位列第一。考慮到僅僅24年前,許海峰才在1984年洛杉磯奧運會上為我們國家摘得了史上第一塊金牌,這份成功著實令人矚目。從那時起,中國體育的上升勢頭就不可阻擋了。2004年雅典奧林匹克運動會上,劉翔成為亞洲贏得男子110米跨欄金牌的第一人,而在2016年里約奧林匹克運動會上,中國女子排球隊在決賽中艱苦作戰取得了勝利。中國的另一個歷史性時刻是北京在2015年贏得主辦權后成功舉辦2022年冬奧會。
奧林匹克運動會給全世界人民帶來了喜悅和激動。正如顧拜旦所信奉的:“有了奧林匹克運動會,每一代人都能慶祝他們的到來、他們生活的喜悅、他們對未來的信念、他們的雄心,以及他們進取的決心。”
課 時 測 評 作 業
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共30分)
A
The Legend (傳說) of Kung Fu
According to a legend,in the fifth century,an Indian master taught some monks at the Shaolin Temple a series of exercises,or forms,inspired by the movement of animals.These forms became the basis of the style of fighting known as Kung Fu.Over 16 centuries,the monks have used Kung Fu for self-defense and in war.With it,they have won many battles against their enemies.
In Dengfeng today,ten kilometers from the Shaolin Temple,there are over 60 martial arts (武術) schools with more than 50,000 students.Students come to the schools for a variety of reasons.Some hope to become movie stars.Others come to learn skills that will ensure good jobs in the military or police force.A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work.
Master Hu Zhengsheng teaches at a small school in Dengfeng.Recently,he was offered an important role in a Kung Fu movie.It could have been good publicity for his school.However,he did not accept.He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence.
Unlike many large schools,which teach acrobatics (特技) and kickboxing,Hu teaches his students traditional Kung Fu forms.He teaches them the way his master—a Shaolin legend taught him.But attracting new students to this style of Kung Fu has become a problem.Hu is afraid his art will soon die out.He has to remind his students that Kung Fu was designed for fighting,not to entertain.
Hu’s students sleep in unheated rooms and train outside no matter what the temperature.They hit trees with their bare hands and take turns sitting on each other’s shoulders to build leg strength.Why such hardship To master Kung Fu,they must learn respect,and how to “eat bitterness”,a Chinese expression meaning “to endure suffering”.
Master Hu is in a difficult position.For old traditions to survive,the young must learn.Gradually,he had begun offering a few courses in kickboxing and the acrobatic Kung Fu forms,hoping to attract new students.Then,maybe,he’ll be able to convince them to learn Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了胡正生大師在登封教授年輕人學習傳統少林武術的故事。
1.What is true about Kung Fu
A.It’s over 17 centuries old.
B.It was traditionally used for fighting.
C.It was introduced to China from Thailand.
D.It was originally designed to entertain people.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段的“Over 16 centuries,the monks...against their enemies.”可知,最開始功夫是以自我防御和打仗為目的的。故選B。
√
2.What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To show why Hu teaches acrobatics and kickboxing.
B.To convince people that they can be rich and famous.
C.To explain the challenges traditional Kung Fu schools face.
D.To show how Hu’s ideas about Kung Fu are different from other teachers.
解析　寫作目的題。根據第三段的“He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence,”可推測,本段的主要目的是說明胡正生對功夫的理解與他人是不同的,他覺得電視上展示的武功很暴力。故選D。
√
3.In the fifth paragraph,the underlined words “endure suffering” mean 　　　　.
A.eat something bitter B.be patient
C.do something enjoyable D.be hardworking
解析　詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分所在句子可知,中文表達“eat bitterness”所傳遞的是“be hardworking”的意思,因此D項符合以上說法。故選D。
√
4.Why does the passage mention Hu Zhengsheng
A.He is a Kung Fu student learning kickboxing.
B.He is a Kung Fu master preserving old traditions.
C.He is the man who introduced Kung Fu to China.
D.He is a famous actor in an exciting Kung Fu movie.
解析　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Master Hu is in a difficult position...Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.”可推測,文章提及胡大師是因為他是一位保護古老傳統的功夫大師。故選B。
√
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous (劇烈的) exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance,the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activities may be quite large,” John Reilly,a professor at the University of Strathclyde said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5,000 children who
were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U.K.between 1991 and 1992.When children reached 11 years old,their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days.The device,similar to a pedometer (計步器) tracking the number of steps taken,recorded the average time children exercised,which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students, and also at age 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English,math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activities,the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls, science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13,their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam,each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score,especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be acquired if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關于運動能幫助提高青少年學習成績的研究。
5.What’s the study about
A.The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
B.The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
C.The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D.The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
解析　細節理解題。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,這項研究是關于運動對青少年學習成績的影響。故選A。
√
6.What is the function of the device used in the study
A.To record how long students exercise.
B.To record the walking speed of students.
C.To record how many steps students walk.
D.To record the number of calories students consume.
解析　細節理解題。由第二段“The device,similar to a pedometer...for boys and 18 for girls.”可知,這個設備的作用是記錄孩子們每天的運動時間。故選A。
√
7.What do the study’s results show
A.Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B.Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C.Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D.More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
解析　細節理解題。由第三段“For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.”可知,研究顯示女孩子的科學成績跟運動關系更加密切。故選C。
√
8.Where does the text most probably appear
A.In a storybook. B.In a fashion magazine.
C.In an exercise guide. D.In a research report.
解析　文章出處題。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,一項新的研究表明,運動可以幫助青少年提高成績。結合后文的研究成果,可知本文是一篇研究報告。故選D。
√
C
Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey(冰球) can all trace their beginnings to early civilizations that fastened animal bones to their feet to skate on ice,according to A Dictionary of British History.Bone runners found in Switzerland date as far back as 3,000 BC and there is also evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.
Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.Wealthy Europeans picked up the sport while visiting the Netherlands,and British royals soon brought skating back to England in the late 1600s.When the Thames froze over in 1683,skating was among the many recreations at London’s famous winter fair on the ice,which King Charles Ⅱ attended.
At the end of the 18th century,American ballet dancer Jackson Haines transformed the sport into what is now known as figure skating by introducing elements of ballet to the ice.According to A Dictionary of American History,Haines skated in bear and ballet costumes and toured with exhibitions across Europe,where he was most admired in Vienna,Austria.
Ice skating evolved into other sports,including speed skating and ice hockey.Speed skating has been around as early as Dutch people dared to race on their skates,but hockey developed in 19th-century Canada as an icy version of field hockey.Both were well-established by the 1900s,so they were on the list in the first Winter Olympics.
Since the 1900s,different ice skating clubs have been founded around the Western world.As interest grew,the clubs’ membership increased over the next 50 years.By the end of the 20th century,ice skating was so widespread that it was one of the few recreations enjoyed by almost every Westerner.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了滑冰的歷史和不同年代受到西方人歡迎的各種滑冰項目。
9.Which of the following is the oldest sport according to the text
A.Ice hockey. B.Speed skating.
C.Bone running. D.Figure skating.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段“Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey can all trace their beginnings to...evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.”可知,文章中提及的最古老的運動是 Bone running。
√
10.Who contributed most to the figure skating
A.British royals. B.Jackson Haines.
C.Dutch people. D.King Charles Ⅱ.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中“At the end of the...of ballet to the ice.”可知,對花樣滑冰運動貢獻最大的是將芭蕾的元素引到冰上并將其變成花樣滑冰的 Jackson Haines。
√
11.In what order did the author write the passage
A.In order of importance. B.In order of place.
C.In order of time. D.In order of frequency.
解析　寫作手法題。根據第一段中“3,000 BC”;第二段中“in the early 17th century”“ in the late 1600s”和“in 1683”;第三段中“At the end of the 18th century”;第四段中“in 19th-century”和最后一段中“By the end of the 20th century”等表示時間的短語可看出,本文是按照時間順序來展開說明的。
√
12.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How ice skating came into spotlight.
B.How ice skating evolved and became well-received.
C.Why ice skating is famous in the world.
D.Why ice skating enters Winter Olympics.
解析　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了不同時期不同滑冰方式是如何發展起來的,以及如何受到大家歡迎的。
√
Ⅱ.七選五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
If you desire to meet new friends,have fun and get into shape,basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur.
　1　.
Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball.
·Improve your fitness levels.
Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels.Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular(心血管的) exercise,which is beneficial to people with heart problems.　2　
·Encourage teamwork.
Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective.　3　This sport is great for kids,as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal.Learning how to relate with others will improve your child’s confidence as well as self-esteem(自尊).
·　4　
Making a shot or winning can really improve your child’s self-esteem,which is a vital aspect during childhood.Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better,according to recent studies.
·Develop social skills.
It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds.This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy,as it helps them interact with new friends.　5　
Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball,it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
A.Build up your muscles.
B.Improve confidence and self-esteem.
C.The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win.
D.Social skills will help your child function better in life.
E.Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons.
F.Generally speaking,basketball is one of the safest sports in the world.
G.Moreover,it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了打籃球的好處。
1.E　[上句介紹如果想認識新朋友,玩得開心,鍛煉身體,籃球是最適合的運動。E項“出于各種原因,籃球在世界范圍內很受歡迎”與上句承接,說明了打籃球的普遍性,故選E。]
2.G　[本部分介紹打籃球能提高健康水平,上句介紹打籃球是很好的心血管運動,對心臟問題有好處。G項“此外,它有助于氧氣循環和血液在全身的分布”與上句并列,說明打籃球對健康的好處,故選G。]
3.C　[本部分介紹打籃球能鼓勵團隊合作,C項“為了保證勝利,隊員們必須團結一致”介紹了合作的重要性,符合本段內容,故選C。]
4.B　[根據本部分中“improve your child’s self-esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知,該段主要介紹打籃球對孩子自尊心和自信心的好處,B項“Improve confidence and self-esteem.”概括了這兩項內容,適合作為本段標題,故選B。]
5.D　[本部分介紹打籃球在提高社交技能方面的作用,D項“社交技巧將幫助你的孩子在生活中更好地發揮作用”介紹了社交技能的重要性。D項中的“Social skills”與標題一致,故選D。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:monk n.修道士,僧侶　martial adj.戰爭的;軍事的　publicity n.關注,宣傳　kickboxing n.跆拳道　B篇:moderate adj.適度的;中等的　vigorous adj.劇烈的;充滿活力的;果斷的
七選五:amateur n.業余愛好者;業余運動員
主題詞塊 A篇:unheated rooms沒有開啟供暖設備的房間　
B篇:a sample of樣本　compulsory national tests強制性國家考試　
七選五:be associated to與……有關系;與……相聯系
熟詞生義 七選五:perform熟義:v.演出;表演　生義:v.做;履行;執行
It is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
你有必要做其他的運動來提高你的速度和力量。
A computer can perform many tasks at once.
電腦能同時執行多項任務。
難句剖析 C篇:Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.
[譯文]　現代滑冰可能起源于荷蘭,在17世紀初,它被認為是該國的一種全民娛樂活動,當時貴族們為了娛樂會在結冰的運河上滑冰。
[分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,其中where引導定語從句,when引導定語從句。UNIT 2 Sports culture——體育文化
主題語境:人與社會——體育文化體育精神
大觀念之單元話題:本單元的主題語境是“人與社會”,話題為“體育文化、體育精神”。本單元要求學生理解體育與語言和文化的關系,感悟奧運文化和奧運精神的內涵,領會體育精神的實質,樹立正確的輸贏觀,了解中國在奧運方面的發展歷程和矚目成就,增強文化自信和民族自豪感。
①sedentary / sedntri/ adj.(人)慣于久坐不動的
②well-established/ wel st bl t/ adj.
得到確認的
③optimal / pt m l/ adj.最有效果的
④minimal / m n m l/adj.極小的;極少的
⑤cardiology / k di l d i/n.心臟病學
⑥assess / ses/v.評價,評定;估價
⑦cardiovascular/ k di v skj l (r)/adj.心血管的
⑧cut-off / k t f/ n.界點,界限
⑨be associated with　與……有關
類文悅讀·情境導學
　　即使每天只走4 000步,也可能降低你死于任何原因的風險——不過,你走得越多,對健康的好處就越大。
Even walking as few as 4,000 steps a day may reduce your risk of dying from any cause,the largest analysis to date suggests—the more you walk,the greater the health benefits.The idea that a sedentary① lifestyle is linked to poorer health is well-established②,but it has been unclear what the optimal③ number of steps people should take,and whether there is an upper limit beyond which further health gains are minimal④.To investigate,researchers led by Maciej Banach,a professor of cardiology⑤ at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland,drew on data from 17 previous studies—involving 226,889 people,who were followed for an average of seven years—to assess⑥ the health impacts of different daily step counts.
The study,published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology,suggested that walking at least 3,967 steps a day started to reduce the risk of dying from any cause,while 2,337 steps a day reduced the risk of dying from cardiovascular⑦ disease.Above these cut-offs⑧,each increase of 1,000 steps a day was associated with⑨ a 15% reduction in the risk of dying from any case,while an increase of 500 steps a day was associated with a 7% reduction in dying from cardiovascular disease.
“Our study confirms that the more you walk,the better,” said Banach.“We found that this applied to both men and women,regardless of age and the region where you live.In addition,our analysis indicates that as little as 4,000 steps a day are needed to significantly reduce deaths from any cause,and even fewer to reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease.”
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit &Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案　According to the title,this passage is mainly about some common knowledge of the Olympic Games.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
　What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Diverse sports in the Olympic Games.
B.The history and achievement of Beijing Olympic Games.
C.Some famous Olympic players who have made great contributions.
D.The history,developments and achievements of the Olympic Games.
答案　D
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Part 1(Para.1) ①Introduction of the Olympic Games
Part 2(Paras.②2&3) History of the Olympic Games
Part 3(Paras.③4&5) Well-known Olympians
Part 4(Para.6) ④China and the Olympic Games
Part 5(Para.7) ⑤Influence of the Olympic Games
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why is the Olympics acknowledged as an extraordinary sporting event
A.Because it is held every four years.
B.Because it has a history of about 3,000 years.
C.Because its spirit has never been changed.
D.Because it brings together top athletes in the world.
2.What do we know about Cassius Clay and Jessica Ennis-Hill
A.They are both track and field athletes.
B.They both won more than one gold medal.
C.They both thought great talent could lead to sporting excellence.
D.They both should be applauded for their excellent achievements.
3.What’s the meaning of “proceed” in Line 25,Para.4
A.Determined. B.Continued.
C.Failed. D.Succeeded.
4.How many historic moments for China are mentioned in the last but one paragraph
A.Two. B.Three.
C.Four. D.Five.
5.How does the author develop the passage
①By listing numbers
②By giving examples
③By quoting words
④By using headlines
A.①② B.①②③
C.①②③④ D.①②④
答案　1.D　2.D　3.B　4.D　5.C
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句,主句為He came to public attention,句中when引導非限制性定語從句,修飾during the 1960 Rome Olympics。demonstrating...in the process為現在分詞短語作狀語。
嘗試翻譯:他在1960年羅馬奧運會上引起了公眾的關注,當時他為美國贏得了輕重量級拳擊金牌,在比賽過程中展現了過人的天賦和優秀的品性。
2.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句。主句為she revealed ...,In an interview為狀語,其中第一個that引導賓語從句;第二個that引導限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞the training。
嘗試翻譯:她在采訪中透露,自己維持良好表現的秘訣在于從來不缺席訓練。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
The Olympics play 1.a significant role in the sports calendar.The extraordinary sporting event first took place in the year 776 BCE.At that time,only Greek men were allowed 2. to take (take) part.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.A Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,3. whose dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace,4. brought (bring) the Olympics back to life.In the history of the Olympics,a lot of sportspersons deserve 5.to be praised/praising (praise).Among them the boxer Cassius Clay and the track and field athlete Jessica Ennis-Hill are 6.extremely (extreme) excellent.Cassius Clay draw 7.people’s (people) attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal.Jessica Ennis-Hill’s story is a remarkable example of how hard work and 8.devotion(devote)can lead to outstanding performance in sports.The 2008 Beijing Olympics appealed 9.to the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.Another 10.historic (history)moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[原文呈現]　 The Olympic Games
Every four years,thousands of highly trained and talented athletes gather together in the spirit of friendship,solidarity①and fair play②,ready to test their abilities against each other in the hope of being recognized as the best of the best.This is the Olympics—an extraordinary sporting event that was first celebrated about 3,000 years ago.[1]
[1]句中that引導定語從句,修飾event。
[Subheading③ 1]The history of the Olympic Games
The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BCE④.During the early Games,only Greek men were allowed to participate.They competed⑤ in such events as boxing,running and the long jump.The ancient Olympic Games were held at Olympia in Greece every four years for almost 12 centuries,until they eventually died out⑥ around the year 393.
More than 1,500 years later,however,the Games rose⑦ again.The modern Olympics were first held in 1896,in Athens.It was a Frenchman,Pierre de Coubertin,who brought the Olympics back to life.His dream was that the Olympics would help people of different racial⑧ origins and from different cultures live side by side in peace.[2]For over a century,people from diverse⑨ backgrounds have made joint⑩ efforts to help realize Coubertin’s dream.
[2]句中that引導表語從句。
[Subheading 2]The sportspersons who should be applauded
Motivated by the original Olympic motto “Faster,Higher,Stronger”,many well-known athletes,both male and female,have devoted themselves to achieving sporting excellence and pushing the boundaries of human achievement.One such Olympian was the boxer Cassius Clay.He came to public attention during the 1960 Rome Olympics,when he won the light heavyweight gold medal for the USA,demonstrating great talent and personality in the process.[3]Afterwards ,this young man proceeded to become the world heavyweight champion in 1964,and later changed his name to the one we all know—Muhammad Ali.He returned to the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games to light the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony.By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.
[3]句中when引導非限制性定語從句,修飾during the 1960 Rome Olympics,現在分詞短語demonstrating great talent and personality in the process作伴隨狀語。
Another sportsperson that should be applauded is Jessica Ennis-Hill.Her story is a remarkable example of how hard work and devotion can lead to sporting excellence.A former track and field athlete from the UK,she won an Olympic gold medal in her home country in 2012.As if that were not enough,she returned to the Olympics and won a silver medal in 2016,just two years after giving birth to her first child.In an interview she revealed that the secret of her consistent good performance was the training that she never missed.[4]
[4]句中第一個that引導賓語從句,第二個that引導定語從句,修飾training。
[Subheading 3]The historic Olympic moments of China
The 2008 Beijing Olympics called on the whole world to join in the Olympic spirit and build a better future for humanity with the slogan “One World,One Dream”.In addition to hosting the Olympics for the first time,China also ranked first in the medal table.This success is truly remarkable if you consider that just 24 years before,at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics,Xu Haifeng won our country’s first-ever gold medal.[5] Since then the upward trend for Chinese sport has been unstoppable.At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games,Liu Xiang became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men’s 110-metre hurdles,while at the 2016 Rio Olympic Games,the Chinese women’s volleyball team won a hard-fought victory in the final.[6] Another historic moment for China came when Beijing successfully hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics after winning the election in 2015.
[5]句中if引導條件狀語從句,該從句中that引導賓語從句。
[6]句中while連接兩個并列句。
The Olympic Games bring joy and excitement to people across the world.As Coubertin believed,“With the Olympic Games,each generation celebrates its advent,its joy of living,its faith in the future,its ambition and its will to ascend.”
[名師圈點]
①solidarity / s l d r ti/ n.團結,齊心協力
②fair play (按規則進行的)公平比賽
rules designed to ensure fair play旨在確保比賽公平的規則
③subheading / s bhed / n.副標題
④BCE / bi si i / abbr.公元前
[聯想]　CE / si i / 公元
⑤compete /k m pi t/ vi.參加比賽;競爭
⑥die out 逐漸消失,滅絕
⑦rise /r z/ vi.[熟詞生義] 復活;再生
⑧racial / re l/ adj.種族的;種族間的
[派生構詞]　race(n.種族)+-ial(形容詞后綴)→racial(adj.)
⑨diverse /da v s/ adj.多種多樣的,不同的
[派生構詞]　diverse(adj.)+-ity(名詞后級,表示“……特征,……行為”)→diversity(n.不同;多樣化)
a great/wide/rich diversity of...
各種各樣的 ……
⑩joint /d nt/ adj.聯合的,共同的
n.關節;接合處
make joint efforts 共同努力
a joint account 聯名賬戶
knee joints 膝關節
motivate / m t ve t/ vt.激勵,激發;成為……的動機,是……的原因
motto / m t / n.格言,座右銘
boundary / ba ndri/ n.邊界,分界線
national boundaries 國界
within/beyond the boundaries of sth 在某事物的范圍內/超出某事物的范圍
demonstrate / dem nstre t/ vt.表現,表露;證實,證明;示范,演示 vi.游行示威
[派生詞]demonstration / dem n stre n/ n.演 示;證實;表露;游行示威
afterwards / a ft w dz/ adv.以后,后來
shortly/soon afterwards 不久以后
proceed /pr si d/ vi.接著做,繼而做;繼續從事(或進行);行進,前往
proceed to do sth 接著做某事
proceed with sth 繼續做某事
proceed smoothly 進展順利
flame /fle m/ n.火焰,火舌
light the flame 點燃火焰
applaud / pl d/ vt.& vi.稱贊,贊許;鼓掌
applaud...for (doing) sth因(做)某事而贊賞……
applaud loudly 熱烈鼓掌
[拓展]applause / pl z/ n.鼓掌,喝彩
a round of applause 一陣鼓掌/喝彩
thunderous applause 雷鳴般的掌聲
lead to 導致;通往
track and field 田徑運動
consistent /k n s st nt/ adj.一致的,始終如一的;連續的
be consistent in... 在……方面一致
be consistent with... 與……一致/相符
[派生構詞]consistent(adj.)+-ly(副詞后綴)→consistently adv.一致地,始終如一地;連續地
call on sb to do sth 正式邀請某人做某事;請求某人做某事
call on 公開請求,呼吁
humanity /hju m n ti/ n.(統稱)人,人類;人性;人道,仁慈(=human being,humankind,human,man,mankind);
a man of deep humanity 一個極富同情心的人
rank /r k/ vi.& vt.屬于某等級,把……分等級;排列,使排成行 n.地位,級別;等級;排,列;軍銜
trend /trend/ n.趨勢,趨向
upward trend 上升的趨勢
trend towards... ……的趨勢
hurdle / h dl/ n.(hurdles)跨欄賽;欄架;障礙
election / lek n/ n.選舉,推選;當選
win/lose an election 在選舉中獲勝/失敗
have/hold an election 舉行選舉
run for election 參加競選
[派生構詞]　elect(vt.選舉;選擇)+-ion(名詞后級)→ election(n.)
elect sb to be/as... 選舉某人擔任……
elect to do sth 選擇做某事
advent / dvent/ n.(重要事件、人物等的)到來,出現
faith /fe θ/ n.信心;宗教信仰
faith in... 對……的信心/信任
ambition / m b n/ n.追求的目標,夙愿;野心,雄心,壯志
ascend / send/ vi.& vt.上升,升高,登高
[參考譯文]　 奧林匹克運動會
每過四年,成千上萬名訓練有素、天賦過人的運動員,本著友誼、團結和公平競爭的精神聚集在一起準備相互較量,希望能成為舉世公認的頂尖選手。這就是奧運會——一場可以追溯到約3 000年前的非凡的體育賽事。
[副標題1]奧林匹克運動會的歷史
古代奧林匹克運動會始于公元前776年。早期的奧運會只允許希臘男性參賽。他們的競賽項目包括拳擊、賽跑和跳遠。古代奧林匹克運動會每四年在希臘的奧林匹亞舉辦,持續了近12個世紀,直到公元393年前后才最終停辦。
然而1 500多年后,奧運會舊火重燃。1896年,第一屆現代奧運會在雅典舉辦。是一位叫皮埃爾·德·顧拜旦的法國人使奧運會重現生機。他的夢想是借助奧運會讓不同種族、不同文化的人和平地生活在一起。一個多世紀以來,來自不同背景的人們共同努力,幫助實現顧拜旦的夢想。
[副標題2] 值得稱贊的運動員
在原先的奧運口號“更快、更高、更強”的激勵下,許多著名的男女運動員致力于在體育運動方面追求卓越突破人類成就的極限。拳擊手卡修斯·克萊就是這樣一名奧運會選手。他在1960年羅馬奧運會上引起了公眾的關注,當時他為美國贏得了輕重量級拳擊金牌,在比賽過程中展現了過人的天賦和優秀的品性。后來,這位年輕人又在1964年成為了世界重量級拳擊冠軍,之后將名字改成了我們耳熟能詳的穆罕默德·阿里。1996年,他重返亞特蘭大奧林匹克運動會,在開幕式上點燃了奧運火炬。在2016年過世前,阿里已經被公認為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。
另一位值得稱贊的運動員是杰西卡·恩尼斯-希爾。她的故事為我們出色地示范了如何通過勤奮和專注取得優異的體育成績。作為一名前英國田徑運動員,2012年,她在自己的祖國贏得了一塊奧運金牌。不僅如此,2016年,在生下第一個孩子僅僅兩年后,她又重返奧運賽場并斬獲一塊銀牌。她在采訪中透露,自己維持良好表現的秘訣在于從來不缺席訓練。
[副標題3]中國奧運會的歷史性時刻
2008年北京奧運會以“同一個世界,同一個夢想”為口號,號召全世界共享奧運精神,為人類共建美好未來。中國不僅是第一次舉辦奧運會,更是在獎牌榜上位列第一。考慮到僅僅24年前,許海峰才在1984年洛杉磯奧運會上為我們國家摘得了史上第一塊金牌,這份成功著實令人矚目。從那時起,中國體育的上升勢頭就不可阻擋了。2004年雅典奧林匹克運動會上,劉翔成為亞洲贏得男子110米跨欄金牌的第一人,而在2016年里約奧林匹克運動會上,中國女子排球隊在決賽中艱苦作戰取得了勝利。中國的另一個歷史性時刻是北京在2015年贏得主辦權后成功舉辦2022年冬奧會。
奧林匹克運動會給全世界人民帶來了喜悅和激動。正如顧拜旦所信奉的:“有了奧林匹克運動會,每一代人都能慶祝他們的到來、他們生活的喜悅、他們對未來的信念、他們的雄心,以及他們進取的決心。”
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共30分)
A
The Legend (傳說) of Kung Fu
According to a legend,in the fifth century,an Indian master taught some monks at the Shaolin Temple a series of exercises,or forms,inspired by the movement of animals.These forms became the basis of the style of fighting known as Kung Fu.Over 16 centuries,the monks have used Kung Fu for self-defense and in war.With it,they have won many battles against their enemies.
In Dengfeng today,ten kilometers from the Shaolin Temple,there are over 60 martial arts (武術) schools with more than 50,000 students.Students come to the schools for a variety of reasons.Some hope to become movie stars.Others come to learn skills that will ensure good jobs in the military or police force.A few are sent by their parents to learn self-control and hard work.
Master Hu Zhengsheng teaches at a small school in Dengfeng.Recently,he was offered an important role in a Kung Fu movie.It could have been good publicity for his school.However,he did not accept.He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence.
Unlike many large schools,which teach acrobatics (特技) and kickboxing,Hu teaches his students traditional Kung Fu forms.He teaches them the way his master—a Shaolin legend taught him.But attracting new students to this style of Kung Fu has become a problem.Hu is afraid his art will soon die out.He has to remind his students that Kung Fu was designed for fighting,not to entertain.
Hu’s students sleep in unheated rooms and train outside no matter what the temperature.They hit trees with their bare hands and take turns sitting on each other’s shoulders to build leg strength.Why such hardship To master Kung Fu,they must learn respect,and how to “eat bitterness”,a Chinese expression meaning “to endure suffering”.
Master Hu is in a difficult position.For old traditions to survive,the young must learn.Gradually,he had begun offering a few courses in kickboxing and the acrobatic Kung Fu forms,hoping to attract new students.Then,maybe,he’ll be able to convince them to learn Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了胡正生大師在登封教授年輕人學習傳統少林武術的故事。
1.What is true about Kung Fu
A.It’s over 17 centuries old.
B.It was traditionally used for fighting.
C.It was introduced to China from Thailand.
D.It was originally designed to entertain people.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第一段的“Over 16 centuries,the monks...against their enemies.”可知,最開始功夫是以自我防御和打仗為目的的。故選B。]
2.What is the purpose of the third paragraph
A.To show why Hu teaches acrobatics and kickboxing.
B.To convince people that they can be rich and famous.
C.To explain the challenges traditional Kung Fu schools face.
D.To show how Hu’s ideas about Kung Fu are different from other teachers.
答案　D　[寫作目的題。根據第三段的“He doesn’t agree with how Kung Fu is often shown in movies.He feels they show too much violence,”可推測,本段的主要目的是說明胡正生對功夫的理解與他人是不同的,他覺得電視上展示的武功很暴力。故選D。]
3.In the fifth paragraph,the underlined words “endure suffering” mean 　　　　.
A.eat something bitter B.be patient
C.do something enjoyable D.be hardworking
答案　D　[詞義猜測題。根據畫線部分所在句子可知,中文表達“eat bitterness”所傳遞的是“be hardworking”的意思,因此D項符合以上說法。故選D。]
4.Why does the passage mention Hu Zhengsheng
A.He is a Kung Fu student learning kickboxing.
B.He is a Kung Fu master preserving old traditions.
C.He is the man who introduced Kung Fu to China.
D.He is a famous actor in an exciting Kung Fu movie.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Master Hu is in a difficult position...Shaolin Kung Fu the traditional way.”可推測,文章提及胡大師是因為他是一位保護古老傳統的功夫大師。故選B。]
B
Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.Adolescents who routinely engaged in moderate to vigorous (劇烈的) exercise showed long-term improvements in their academic performance,the British Journal of Sports Medicine study reported.
“Our study suggests that the effect of physical activities may be quite large,” John Reilly,a professor at the University of Strathclyde said.The researchers looked at a sample of about 5,000 children who were involved in a long-term study that tracks children born in the U.K.between 1991 and 1992.When children reached 11 years old,their daily physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (加速器) for three to seven days.The device,similar to a pedometer (計步器) tracking the number of steps taken,recorded the average time children exercised,which was 29 minutes a day for boys and 18 for girls.
“The actual levels of daily physical activity at age 11 were quite low,” Mr Reilly noted.The children had their academic performance tested at ages 11 and 13 with compulsory national tests for students,and also at age 15 or 16 with the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) exam.The tests assessed the children’s abilities in English,math and science subjects.The results showed that the more children participated in moderate to vigorous physical activities,the higher their test scores were at age 11 in all three subjects.For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.
When children were tested again at age 13,their academic scores were still linked to how much they had exercised when they were 11 years old.By the time the youngsters took the GCSE exam,each 17-minute-per-day increase in physical activity for the boys was linked to an improvement in their scores.Every additional 12-minute increase a day in exercise for the girls was also linked to an increased score,especially in the science category.
The researchers have called for more studies to look at the possible academic benefits that could be acquired if students exercised the recommended 60 minutes or more a day.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關于運動能幫助提高青少年學習成績的研究。
5.What’s the study about
A.The influence of exercise on students’ scores.
B.The secrets of students’ ranking high in class.
C.The causes of students’ participating in sports.
D.The ways of improving students’ physical conditions.
答案　A　[細節理解題。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,這項研究是關于運動對青少年學習成績的影響。故選A。]
6.What is the function of the device used in the study
A.To record how long students exercise.
B.To record the walking speed of students.
C.To record how many steps students walk.
D.To record the number of calories students consume.
答案　A　[細節理解題。由第二段“The device,similar to a pedometer...for boys and 18 for girls.”可知,這個設備的作用是記錄孩子們每天的運動時間。故選A。]
7.What do the study’s results show
A.Students at age 11 do more exercise than at other ages.
B.Boys at age 13 get more benefits by doing more exercise.
C.Girls’ science scores are more closely related to exercise.
D.More and more students do exercise to improve their scores.
答案　C　[細節理解題。由第三段“For girls,science scores were most strongly linked to exercise.”可知,研究顯示女孩子的科學成績跟運動關系更加密切。故選C。]
8.Where does the text most probably appear
A.In a storybook. B.In a fashion magazine.
C.In an exercise guide. D.In a research report.
答案　D　[文章出處題。由第一段“Working out can help teenagers boost their grades,a new study suggests.”可知,一項新的研究表明,運動可以幫助青少年提高成績。結合后文的研究成果,可知本文是一篇研究報告。故選D。]
C
Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey(冰球) can all trace their beginnings to early civilizations that fastened animal bones to their feet to skate on ice,according to A Dictionary of British History.Bone runners found in Switzerland date as far back as 3,000 BC and there is also evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.
Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun.Wealthy Europeans picked up the sport while visiting the Netherlands,and British royals soon brought skating back to England in the late 1600s.When the Thames froze over in 1683,skating was among the many recreations at London’s famous winter fair on the ice,which King Charles Ⅱ attended.
At the end of the 18th century,American ballet dancer Jackson Haines transformed the sport into what is now known as figure skating by introducing elements of ballet to the ice.According to A Dictionary of American History,Haines skated in bear and ballet costumes and toured with exhibitions across Europe,where he was most admired in Vienna,Austria.
Ice skating evolved into other sports,including speed skating and ice hockey.Speed skating has been around as early as Dutch people dared to race on their skates,but hockey developed in 19th-century Canada as an icy version of field hockey.Both were well-established by the 1900s,so they were on the list in the first Winter Olympics.
Since the 1900s,different ice skating clubs have been founded around the Western world.As interest grew,the clubs’ membership increased over the next 50 years.By the end of the 20th century,ice skating was so widespread that it was one of the few recreations enjoyed by almost every Westerner.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了滑冰的歷史和不同年代受到西方人歡迎的各種滑冰項目。
9.Which of the following is the oldest sport according to the text
A.Ice hockey. B.Speed skating.
C.Bone running. D.Figure skating.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第一段“Figure skating,speed skating,and ice hockey can all trace their beginnings to...evidence of ice skating in Scandinavia in the Middle Ages.”可知,文章中提及的最古老的運動是 Bone running。]
10.Who contributed most to the figure skating
A.British royals. B.Jackson Haines.
C.Dutch people. D.King Charles Ⅱ.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第三段中“At the end of the...of ballet to the ice.”可知,對花樣滑冰運動貢獻最大的是將芭蕾的元素引到冰上并將其變成花樣滑冰的 Jackson Haines。]
11.In what order did the author write the passage
A.In order of importance. B.In order of place.
C.In order of time. D.In order of frequency.
答案　C　[寫作手法題。根據第一段中“3,000 BC”;第二段中“in the early 17th century”“ in the late 1600s”和“in 1683”;第三段中“At the end of the 18th century”;第四段中“in 19th-century”和最后一段中“By the end of the 20th century”等表示時間的短語可看出,本文是按照時間順序來展開說明的。]
12.What does the text mainly talk about
A.How ice skating came into spotlight.
B.How ice skating evolved and became well-received.
C.Why ice skating is famous in the world.
D.Why ice skating enters Winter Olympics.
答案　B　[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要講述了不同時期不同滑冰方式是如何發展起來的,以及如何受到大家歡迎的。]
Ⅱ.七選五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
If you desire to meet new friends,have fun and get into shape,basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur.
　1　.
Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball.
·Improve your fitness levels.
Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels.Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular(心血管的) exercise,which is beneficial to people with heart problems.　2　
·Encourage teamwork.
Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective.　3　This sport is great for kids,as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal.Learning how to relate with others will improve your child’s confidence as well as self-esteem(自尊).
·　4　
Making a shot or winning can really improve your child’s self-esteem,which is a vital aspect during childhood.Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better,according to recent studies.
·Develop social skills.
It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds.This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy,as it helps them interact with new friends.　5　
Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball,it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power.
A.Build up your muscles.
B.Improve confidence and self-esteem.
C.The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win.
D.Social skills will help your child function better in life.
E.Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons.
F.Generally speaking,basketball is one of the safest sports in the world.
G.Moreover,it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了打籃球的好處。
1.E　[上句介紹如果想認識新朋友,玩得開心,鍛煉身體,籃球是最適合的運動。E項“出于各種原因,籃球在世界范圍內很受歡迎”與上句承接,說明了打籃球的普遍性,故選E。]
2.G　[本部分介紹打籃球能提高健康水平,上句介紹打籃球是很好的心血管運動,對心臟問題有好處。G項“此外,它有助于氧氣循環和血液在全身的分布”與上句并列,說明打籃球對健康的好處,故選G。]
3.C　[本部分介紹打籃球能鼓勵團隊合作,C項“為了保證勝利,隊員們必須團結一致”介紹了合作的重要性,符合本段內容,故選C。]
4.B　[根據本部分中“improve your child’s self-esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知,該段主要介紹打籃球對孩子自尊心和自信心的好處,B項“Improve confidence and self-esteem.”概括了這兩項內容,適合作為本段標題,故選B。]
5.D　[本部分介紹打籃球在提高社交技能方面的作用,D項“社交技巧將幫助你的孩子在生活中更好地發揮作用”介紹了社交技能的重要性。D項中的“Social skills”與標題一致,故選D。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:monk n.修道士,僧侶　martial adj.戰爭的;軍事的　publicity n.關注,宣傳　kickboxing n.跆拳道　B篇:moderate adj.適度的;中等的　vigorous adj.劇烈的;充滿活力的;果斷的 七選五:amateur n.業余愛好者;業余運動員
主題詞塊 A篇:unheated rooms沒有開啟供暖設備的房間　B篇:a sample of樣本　compulsory national tests強制性國家考試　七選五:be associated to與……有關系;與……相聯系
熟詞生義 七選五:perform熟義:v.演出;表演　生義:v.做;履行;執行 It is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power. 你有必要做其他的運動來提高你的速度和力量。 A computer can perform many tasks at once. 電腦能同時執行多項任務。
難句剖析 C篇:Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,where it was considered a national recreation in the early 17th century,when nobles skated on frozen canals for fun. [譯文]　現代滑冰可能起源于荷蘭,在17世紀初,它被認為是該國的一種全民娛樂活動,當時貴族們為了娛樂會在結冰的運河上滑冰。 [分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Modern skating likely got its start in the Netherlands,其中where引導定語從句,when引導定語從句。

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