資源簡介

Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
Grammar——過去進行時和過去完成時的被動語態(tài)
一、語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.(北師必一U3)
②First,the house was cleaned from top to bottom.(北師必一U3)
③Well,I know that they’re being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller,so they’re in danger of extinction.(人教必二U2)
④I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.(外研必三U3)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①是一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài);句②是一般過去時的被動語態(tài);句③是現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài);句④是現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。
[明規(guī)則]
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示主語和謂語動詞之間的具體關系,分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)的基本形式為“助動詞be+done”,其中助動詞be隨著人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化,后面常用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者。
1.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式(以動詞do為例)。
一般現(xiàn)在時 am/ is/ are done
一般過去時 was/ were done
現(xiàn)在進行時 am/ is/ are being done
過去進行時 was/ were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時 has/ have been done
過去完成時 had been done
一般將來時 will (is/ are going to)be done
過去將來時 would (was/ were going to)be done
The relay race had been finished when I arrived.
當我到達時接力賽已經(jīng)結束了。
We couldn’t use the computer.It was being repaired.
我們不能使用那臺電腦,它正在被維修。
This will be demonstrated in the lab experiment with mice.
在實驗室用老鼠進行的實驗將會證明這一點。
2.被動語態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者
He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed.
他匆匆趕回家,一次也沒有回頭看過是否有人跟蹤他。
(2)強調或突出動作的承受者
We were told all the work had been finished by now.
我們被告知迄今為止所有的工作都已經(jīng)完成了。
(3)動作執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想掙許多錢的人們支持那個主意。
注意:動詞短語在含被動語態(tài)的句子中作謂語時,不可以丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
Bad habits have been done away with.
壞習慣已經(jīng)改掉了。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①Your T-shirt is being washed (wash) in the washing machine now,so you can’t wear it.
②By the end of last month,more than fifty trees had been planted (plant) in my school.
③The book has been translated (translate) into many languages in the past two years.
④He said a new airport would/was going to be built (build) in his hometown soon.
⑤—Do you have any problems if you are offered (offer) the job
—Well,I’m thinking of the working hours.
二、過去進行時的被動語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Fireworks were being let off across the city,suddenly lighting up the night sky.(北師必一U3)
②Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.(人教選四U1)
③As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.(人教選四U1)
④When I hurried to the store,I saw that the books were already being packed into boxes.(外研選二U3)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②④是過去進行時的被動語態(tài);句③是一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
[明規(guī)則]
1.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)表示在過去某一特定時間某事正在被做,其構成形式為:was/were being done。
2.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)經(jīng)常和then,at this time last week,at this moment yesterday 等連用。
This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the people present at the meeting.
昨天這個時候這個議題正在被出席會議的人討論。
3.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某個階段正在進行的被動動作(說話時動作不一定正在進行)。
It is said that his teapot was being repaired last week in the shop.
據(jù)說他的茶壺上周正在店里維修。
4.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去進行時的被動語態(tài)強調動作發(fā)生的過程,一般過去時的被動語態(tài)強調動作的結果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.(表示被動的動作正在進行或持續(xù))
當時有幾個病人正在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受治療。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.(表示過去發(fā)生了的動作)
當時有幾個病人在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受了治療。
小題集訓　完成句子
①A lecture was being given by Professor Smith to us at this time yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午的這個時候史密斯教授正在給我們授課。
②The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm.
這位農(nóng)民說當他們被困在暴風雪中時,解放軍戰(zhàn)士及時趕來營救。
③The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday.
昨天這個時候沒有播放這條廣告。
④Were the witnesses being questioned by the police when you got there last night
昨天晚上你到那兒的時候,目擊者正在接受警方的詢問嗎
三、過去完成時的被動語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.(北師選四U10)
②A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.(人教選二U3)
③But I had not been informed that they were coming for the weekend.(人教選二U3)
④By the time Cathy and I,together with other volunteers for the city half-marathon,arrived at 4:30 a.m.,tables had been placed on both sides of the road.(譯林選二U2)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②④是過去完成時的被動語態(tài)的肯定句,表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的被動動作,常與表示過去某一特定時間的時間狀語連用;句③是過去完成時的被動語態(tài)的否定句。
[明規(guī)則]
1.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某一時間或動用之前已經(jīng)被完成的動作。
(1)用在told、said、knew、thought等動詞后的賓語從句中,表示賓語從句中的動作已被做完。
The salesman came back and told us that the books had already been sold out.
銷售員返回來告訴我們書已經(jīng)被賣完了。
(2)常與by the time、before等引導的時間狀語從句連用。
By the time we got there,he had been persuaded to give up his impractical plan.
我們到那里時,他已經(jīng)被說服放棄了他不切實際的計劃。
The false news report had been broadcast before the journalist discovered the truth.
在記者發(fā)現(xiàn)真相之前,這條假新聞已經(jīng)被播報了。
2.表示從過去某一時間開始,延續(xù)到過去另一時間的被動動作,常與for、since引導的時間狀語連用。
It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.
據(jù)報道,這場展銷會已經(jīng)做了好幾個星期的廣告了。
3.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)在固定句型中的運用
(1)在It was the first/second/...time that...句型中,從句的主語是動作的承受者時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
It was the second time that the channel had been accused of reporting false news.
這是這個頻道第二次被指控播放假新聞。
(2)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中,表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down.
=No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down.
剛做完工作,雨就傾盆而下。
(3)在“It was+一段時間+since...”句型中,從句的主語是動作的承受者時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
It was almost ten years since a documentary had been made to retell the history of the Forbidden City in detail.
自從一部紀錄片被制作來詳細復述紫禁城的歷史以來,已經(jīng)快十年了。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①The boy was told that his politics paper had not been handed (hand)in.
②Had the new conclusion been discussed(discuss) before the meeting
③It was the second time that his food and towel had been stolen(steal) .
④As the assignment had been done(do),he switched on the TV and lay on the sofa,very relaxed.
1.limit n.限度,限制;限量,限額;界限 vt.限制,限定;限量,減量
·limited adj.有限的　·limitless adj.無限的　·limitation n.局限;限制
教材原文　I ran my race relaxed and confident,even though my limits were being tested like never before.　我輕松自信地跑著比賽,盡管自己的極限正受到前所未有的考驗。
感知　語言先輸入
①Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
②I’ve limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.(健康飲食)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)beyond/within the limits of 超出……范圍/限定在……范圍內(nèi)
There is a/no limit to (doing)... (做)……是有限的/無限的。
(2)limit...to... 把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)
(3)be limited to 受限制于……
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①Usually I limit my driving speed to 80 kilometers per hour while driving.
②We are doing our best with the limited (limit) resources available.
③Scientists have known how to use the limitless (limit) power of the sun.
④他的英語水平非常有限,以至于不能理解以英語為母語的人說的話。
→His English is so limited that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.(so...that)
→So limited is his English that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.(so倒裝句型)
2.pour vt.& vi.倒,斟;傾倒,倒出;涌流,傾瀉;下大雨
教材原文　Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them.
我和卡西迅速地給他們往杯子里倒水。
感知　語言先輸入
①He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.(2022·全國甲卷)
②The rain proceeded to pour down,so I had to stay indoors.
記牢　知識再梳理
pour out　　　　 (感情或說話)奔涌,迸發(fā);傾訴
pour down (雨)傾盆而下
pour out of... 從……中涌出
pour in/into 涌進
pour sth into sth 向……投入大量金錢
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The government has poured a large sum of money into the education system.
②He poured a cup of coffee for his wife who felt tired after work.
③Letters of complaint continue to pour in from the customers.
④The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.(景點介紹)
長城是一個著名的旅游景點,每年有數(shù)百萬人涌入。
[基礎語境練]
維度一　判斷正誤(每小題1分,共4分)
1.People were concerned about the case that was being investigated twice by the police.(×)
2.People were concerned about the case that had been investigated twice by the police.(√)
3.The man risked his life rescuing the child who was being trapped in the mountain for two days.(×)
4.The man risked his life rescuing the child who had been trapped in the mountain for two days.(√)
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.When I went to pay him a visit,he was being examined(examine) by doctor.
2.Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people had not been proved (not prove)yet.
3.I had the distinct impression that I was being watched(watch).
4.The coffee was being made (make)when I walked into the kitchen.
5.All the tables by the window had been booked (book)by telephone when I got to the restaurant.
6.In the past few years,thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.
7.When salt and fat are removed(remove) from food,the food tastes tasteless.
8.It was the third time that the book had been revised(revise) for publication.
9.The trees were being planted(plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us.
10.The task had been finished (finish) before 12:00 yesterday.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.By the end of last year,20,000 cars had been produced.
到去年年底,兩萬輛汽車已經(jīng)被生產(chǎn)了出來。
2.Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car was being repaired.
今天早晨爸爸不得不騎自行車去上班,因為他的汽車正在被維修。
3.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what had been done for him.
伯納德感謝他們?yōu)樗龅囊磺小?br/>4.This was the first time that she had been fascinated by the beauty of the West Lake.
這是她第一次被西湖的美麗所吸引。
5.Whether you like or dislike the project,it must be completed by tomorrow.
無論你喜不喜歡這個項目,你都必須在明天之前完成它。
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共8分)
使用本單元所學語法補全下面語段。
On September 3rd last year,the city 1.was hit by severe floods(遭受了嚴重的水災).By 9 pm that day,several temples built hundreds of years ago 2.had been destroyed(被摧毀了).Later it was reported that dozens of people were injured and scores of cars 3.had been washed away(被沖走了) by the floods.The government called on everyone to fight the disaster actively and soon the flood 4.were brought under control (一切都被控制住了). But I still remember it clearly.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names.Some of the names reflect the city’s culture or history,others came from previous owners and many were selected through “Name the Team” contests.
For teams like Los Angeles and Utah,the names were not always a reflection of the city.Even though Los Angeles has no lakes,the Lakers name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years.Before going to Los Angeles,the team originated in Minneapolis,Minnesota.In 1948,team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the state’s motto,“The Land of 10,000 Lakes.” The team name went unchanged after moving to Los Angeles in 1960.
Because Utah’s team originated in New Orleans,Louisiana,it was called the Jazz.In 1974,New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the “jazz capital of the world”. The name stayed with the team even after finding a new home in Salt Lake City,Utah in 1979.
The Chicago Bull’s original owner,Richard Klein,named the team the Bulls.He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless(不屈不撓的), and never quits.Klein,who founded the club in 1966,believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.
Miami chose the Heat from names such as the Sharks,Beaches,and Barracudas.The name Magic was the winner for the Orlando team because the city’s tourism slogan is “Come to the Magic.”
Tradition played a big part in naming the New York Knicks.Chosen by the club’s founder Ned Irish,the Knicks’ name was already important in New York’s history.The first organized team in baseball history was named the New York Knickerbockers or the Knickerbockers Nine.
In 1967,the Indiana Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams.Their decision was based on what they wanted to accomplish in the NBA.Team officials chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the “pace” in professional basketball.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NBA球隊名稱的由來,它們反映了城市的文化、歷史等。
1.Which of the names reflects the culture of the city New Orleans
A.The Heat. B.The Indiana Pacers.
C.The Jazz. D.The Sharks.
答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Because Utah’s team originated in New Orleans...the ‘jazz capital of the world’.”可知,因為猶他爵士隊起源于路易斯安那州的“爵士樂之都”新奧爾良,所以被稱為爵士隊。由此可知,爵士反映了新奧爾良市的文化。故選C。]
2.According to Paragraph 2,we know 　.
A.the Lakers team was first set up in Los Angeles
B.Minnesota is a state with a lot of lakes
C.Los Angeles is famous for its lakes
D.the Lakers team has been in Los Angeles for less than 40 years
答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Before going to Los Angeles...direct relationship to the state’s motto”可知,團隊官員選擇了這個名字,是因為它與該州的座右銘“萬湖之州”有直接的關系。由此可知,明尼蘇達州是一個湖泊眾多的州。故選B。]
3.Richard Klein named the team the Bulls because he hoped his team would 　　　　.
A.be as strong as bulls
B.set the “pace” in professional basketball
C.be Number 1 forever
D.keep fighting and never give up
答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless,and never quits.”可知,Richard Klein把這支球隊命名為“公牛隊”是因為他希望他的球隊能一直戰(zhàn)斗,永不放棄。故選D。]
4.How did the Heat get the name
A.It came from the names of other teams.
B.It was named after Miami’s motto.
C.It was named by its original owner.
D.Its owner came up with the name by accident.
答案　A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Miami chose the Heat from names such as the Sharks,Beaches,and Barracudas.”可知,Heat這個名字來自其他球隊的名字。故選A。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 1.　　　　　　 (long) than non-runners.You don’t have to run fast or for long 2.　　　　　　 (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3.　　　　　　 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 4.　　　　　　 walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study 5.　　　　　　 (publish) in 2024 6.　　　　　　 showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7.　　　　　　 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise,it’s probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercise to 8.　　　　　　 (strength) your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 9.　　　　　　 (energy).If you are time-poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 10.　　　　　　 a try.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了跑步在身體保健方面的好處。
1.longer　[考查副詞比較級。句意:根據(jù)一份醫(yī)學雜志上的報告:跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根據(jù)空格后的than可知用比較級,故填longer。]
2.to see　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:你不必跑得太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。分析句意可知,此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。]
3.dying　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:你也許喝酒、吸煙、超重,但仍然可以通過跑步減少早亡的風險。根據(jù)空格后的副詞early可知,此處表動作,所以用動名詞形式作介詞of的賓語。故填dying。]
4.than　[考查連詞。句意:雖然定期跑步不能讓你長生不死,但這篇報告稱,在延長壽命方面,跑步比走路、騎自行車或游泳更有效。根據(jù)其前的more effective可知,此處表示比較。故填than。]
5.published　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:該報告的兩位作者還在2024年發(fā)表了一項研究,表明每天跑5到10分鐘可以降低心臟病和各種原因導致的早亡風險。分析句子成分可知,動詞publish與被修飾詞study之間為被動關系,所以應用過去分詞作定語。故填published。]
6.that/which　[考查定語從句。句意同上。分析句子結構可知先行詞a study在定語從句中作主語,且指物,所以用關系代詞that/which引導。故填that/which。]
7.causes　[考查名詞的單復數(shù)。句意同上。根據(jù)其前的修飾語all,并結合句意可知,此處應用可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。故填causes。]
8.strengthen　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了避免膝蓋疼痛,你可以在柔軟的地面上跑步,做運動來加強你的腿部肌肉,避開山坡并且買好的跑鞋。分析句子成分可知,“to 　　　　your leg muscles”作目的狀語,此處to是不定式符號,其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。]
9.energetic　[考查詞性轉換。句意:跑步既便宜又容易,而且總是充滿活力。根據(jù)空格前的it’s可知,應用形容詞作表語。故填energetic。]
10.it　[考查代詞。句意:或許我們都應該試試跑步。此處用固定短語give it a try表示“試一試”。故填it。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:originate v.起源;發(fā)源;發(fā)端于　represent v.代表　reputation n.名譽,名聲　語法填空:review n.評論,評論文章;綜述
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:live up to不辜負(對……的期望)　direct relationship直接關系　a fighting bull斗牛
熟詞生義 語法填空:poor熟義:adj.貧窮的;貧寒的　生義:adj.缺乏;貧乏;缺少 If you are time-poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports... 如果你沒有時間,你只需要跑一半的時間就能得到和其他運動一樣的好處…… Fats and sugar are very rich in energy but poor in vitamins and minerals. 脂肪和糖富含熱量,但缺乏維生素和礦物質。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Klein,who founded the club in 1966,believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name. [譯文]　克萊因于1966年創(chuàng)立了這一俱樂部,他相信這些品質對于一支冠軍球隊來說是必要的,并希望他的芝加哥運動員能夠不負球隊的名字。 [分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Klein believed...and hoped...,其中who引導定語從句,these qualities were necessary...和his Chicago athletes would...是賓語從句,引導詞that省略。(共68張PPT)
Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
語法知識過關
內(nèi)
容
索
引
課時測評作業(yè)
語言知識精析
語 法 知 識 過 關
Grammar——過去進行時和過去完成時的被動語態(tài)
一、語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.
(北師必一U3)
②First,the house was cleaned from top to bottom.(北師必一U3)
③Well,I know that they’re being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller,so they’re in danger of extinction.(人教必二U2)
④I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.
(外研必三U3)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①是　　　　　　的被動語態(tài);句②是　　　　　　的被動語態(tài);句③是　　　　　　　的被動語態(tài);句④是　　　　　　的被動語態(tài)。
一般現(xiàn)在時
一般過去時
現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在完成時
[明規(guī)則]
語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示主語和謂語動詞之間的具體關系,分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作的承受者。被動語態(tài)的基本形式為“助動詞be＋done”,其中助動詞be隨著人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語氣的不同而變化,后面常用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者。
1.各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式(以動詞do為例)。
一般現(xiàn)在時 am/ is/ are done
一般過去時 was/ were done
現(xiàn)在進行時 am/ is/ are being done
過去進行時 was/ were being done
現(xiàn)在完成時 has/ have been done
過去完成時 had been done
一般將來時 will (is/ are going to)be done
過去將來時 would (was/ were going to)be done
The relay race had been finished when I arrived.　
當我到達時接力賽已經(jīng)結束了。
We couldn’t use the computer.It was being repaired.
我們不能使用那臺電腦,它正在被維修。
This will be demonstrated in the lab experiment with mice.
在實驗室用老鼠進行的實驗將會證明這一點。
2.被動語態(tài)的用法
(1)不知道或沒有必要指明動作的執(zhí)行者
He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed.
他匆匆趕回家,一次也沒有回頭看過是否有人跟蹤他。
(2)強調或突出動作的承受者
We were told all the work had been finished by now.
我們被告知迄今為止所有的工作都已經(jīng)完成了。
(3)動作執(zhí)行者被較長的修飾語修飾
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想掙許多錢的人們支持那個主意。
注意:動詞短語在含被動語態(tài)的句子中作謂語時,不可以丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
Bad habits have been done away with.
壞習慣已經(jīng)改掉了。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①Your T－shirt 　　　　　　　　　　　 (wash) in the washing machine now,so you can’t wear it.
②By the end of last month,more than fifty trees 　 　　　　　
(plant) in my school.
③The book 　　　　　　　　　　　　(translate) into many languages in the past two years.
is being washed
had been planted
has been translated
④He said a new airport 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(build) in his hometown soon.
⑤—Do you have any problems if you 　　　　　　　　　　(offer) the job
—Well,I’m thinking of the working hours.
would/was going to be built
are offered
二、過去進行時的被動語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Fireworks were being let off across the city,suddenly lighting up the night sky.(北師必一U3)
②Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.(人教選四U1)
③As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.
(人教選四U1)
④When I hurried to the store,I saw that the books were already being packed into boxes.(外研選二U3)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②④是　　　　　　的被動語態(tài);句③是____________的被動語態(tài)。
過去進行時
一般過去時
[明規(guī)則]
1.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)表示在過去某一特定時間某事正在被做,其構成形式為:was/were being done。
2.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)經(jīng)常和then,at this time last week,at this moment yesterday 等連用。
This issue was being discussed at this moment yesterday by the people present at the meeting.
昨天這個時候這個議題正在被出席會議的人討論。
3.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某個階段正在進行的被動動作(說話時動作不一定正在進行)。
It is said that his teapot was being repaired last week in the shop.
據(jù)說他的茶壺上周正在店里維修。
4.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去進行時的被動語態(tài)強調動作發(fā)生的過程,一般過去時的被動語態(tài)強調動作的結果。
Several patients were being treated in the local hospital then.
(表示被動的動作正在進行或持續(xù))
當時有幾個病人正在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受治療。
Several patients were treated in the local hospital then.
(表示過去發(fā)生了的動作)
當時有幾個病人在當?shù)蒯t(yī)院接受了治療。
小題集訓　完成句子
①A lecture 　　　　　　　　 　　　 to us at this time yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午的這個時候史密斯教授正在給我們授課。
②The farmer said the PLA men came to rescue timely when they
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　the snowstorm.
這位農(nóng)民說當他們被困在暴風雪中時,解放軍戰(zhàn)士及時趕來營救。
was being given by Professor Smith
were being trapped in
③The advertisement 　　　　　　　　　　　 at this time yesterday.
昨天這個時候沒有播放這條廣告。
④　　 　　　　　　　　　 by the police when you got there last night
昨天晚上你到那兒的時候,目擊者正在接受警方的詢問嗎
wasn’t being broadcast
Were the witnesses being questioned
三、過去完成時的被動語態(tài)
[先感知]
①Once the parcel had been received by this person,he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.(北師選四U10)
②A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.(人教選二U3)
③But I had not been informed that they were coming for the weekend.(人教選二U3)
④By the time Cathy and I,together with other volunteers for the city half－marathon,arrived at 4:30 a.m.,tables had been placed on both sides of the road.(譯林選二U2)
[會發(fā)現(xiàn)]　句①②④是過去完成時的被動語態(tài)的　　　　　　,表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成的被動動作,常與表示過去某一特定時間的時間狀語連用;句③是過去完成時的被動語態(tài)的　　　　　　。
肯定句
否定句
[明規(guī)則]
1.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)表示過去某一時間或動用之前已經(jīng)被完成的動作。
(1)用在told、said、knew、thought等動詞后的賓語從句中,表示賓語從句中的動作已被做完。
The salesman came back and told us that the books had already been sold out.
銷售員返回來告訴我們書已經(jīng)被賣完了。
(2)常與by the time、before等引導的時間狀語從句連用。
By the time we got there,he had been persuaded to give up his impractical plan.
我們到那里時,他已經(jīng)被說服放棄了他不切實際的計劃。
The false news report had been broadcast before the journalist discovered the truth.
在記者發(fā)現(xiàn)真相之前,這條假新聞已經(jīng)被播報了。
2.表示從過去某一時間開始,延續(xù)到過去另一時間的被動動作,常與for、since引導的時間狀語連用。
It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.
據(jù)報道,這場展銷會已經(jīng)做了好幾個星期的廣告了。
3.過去完成時的被動語態(tài)在固定句型中的運用
(1)在It was the first/second/...time that...句型中,從句的主語是動作的承受者時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
It was the second time that the channel had been accused of reporting false news.
這是這個頻道第二次被指控播放假新聞。
(2)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中,表示“一……就……”。
Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down.
＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down.
剛做完工作,雨就傾盆而下。
(3)在“It was＋一段時間＋since...”句型中,從句的主語是動作的承受者時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。
It was almost ten years since a documentary had been made to retell the history of the Forbidden City in detail.
自從一部紀錄片被制作來詳細復述紫禁城的歷史以來,已經(jīng)快十年了。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①The boy was told that his politics paper 　　　　　　　　 (hand)in.
②　　　　　　　　 the new conclusion 　 　　　　　(discuss) before the meeting
③It was the second time that his food and towel _____________ (steal).
④As the assignment 　　　　　　　　　　　 (do),he switched on the TV and lay on the sofa,very relaxed.
had not been handed
Had
been discussed
had been stolen
had been done
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.limit n.限度,限制;限量,限額;界限 vt.限制,限定;限量,減量
·limited adj.有限的　·limitless adj.無限的　·limitation n.局限;限制
教材原文　I ran my race relaxed and confident,even though my limits were being tested like never before.　我輕松自信地跑著比賽,盡管自己的極限正受到前所未有的考驗。
感知　語言先輸入
①Inside the office,they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single－use plastic.
(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)
②I’ve limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.
(健康飲食)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)beyond/within the limits of 超出……范圍/限定在……范圍內(nèi)
There is a/no limit to (doing)... (做)……是有限的/無限的。
(2)limit...to... 把……限定在……范圍內(nèi)
(3)be limited to 受限制于……
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①Usually I limit my driving speed 　　　　　　　　　　　 80 kilometers per hour while driving.
②We are doing our best with the 　　　　　　　　　　　 (limit) resources available.
③Scientists have known how to use the 　　　　　　(limit) power of the sun.
to
limited
limitless
④他的英語水平非常有限,以至于不能理解以英語為母語的人說的話。
→His English is 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 what the native speakers say.(so...that)
→　　　　 　　　　　　　 he can’t understand what the native speakers say.(so倒裝句型)
so limited that he can’t understand
So limited is his English that
2.pour vt.& vi.倒,斟;傾倒,倒出;涌流,傾瀉;下大雨
教材原文　Cathy and I quickly poured water into the cups for them.
我和卡西迅速地給他們往杯子里倒水。
感知　語言先輸入
①He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.(2022·全國甲卷)
②The rain proceeded to pour down,so I had to stay indoors.
記牢　知識再梳理
pour out　　　　 (感情或說話)奔涌,迸發(fā);傾訴
pour down (雨)傾盆而下
pour out of... 從……中涌出
pour in/into 涌進
pour sth into sth 向……投入大量金錢
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The government has poured a large sum of money ______________ the education system.
②He poured a cup of coffee 　　　　　　　　　　　 his wife who felt tired after work.
③Letters of complaint continue to pour 　　　　　　　　　　from the customers.
into
for
in
④The Great Wall is such a well－known tourist attraction that 　　　 　　　　　　　　 every year.(景點介紹)
長城是一個著名的旅游景點,每年有數(shù)百萬人涌入。
millions of people pour in
課 時 測 評 作 業(yè)
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一　判斷正誤(每小題1分,共4分)
1.People were concerned about the case that was being investigated twice by the police. (　　)
2.People were concerned about the case that had been investigated twice by the police. (　　)
3.The man risked his life rescuing the child who was being trapped in the mountain for two days. (　　)
4.The man risked his life rescuing the child who had been trapped in the mountain for two days. (　　)
×
√
×
√
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.When I went to pay him a visit,he ___________________ (examine) by doctor.
2.Last night’s TV news said that by then the death of the missing people 　　　　　　　　　　　 (not prove)yet.
3.I had the distinct impression that I ___________________(watch).
4.The coffee 　　　　　　　　(make)when I walked into the kitchen.
was being examined
had not been proved
was being watched
was being made
5.All the tables by the window 　　　　　　　　(book)by telephone when I got to the restaurant.
6.In the past few years,thousands of films _______________________ (produce) all over the world.
7.When salt and fat 　　　　　　　　(remove) from food,the food tastes tasteless.
8.It was the third time that the book 　　　　　　　　　　(revise) for publication.
had been booked
have been produced
are removed
had been revised
9.The trees 　　　　　　　　　　　 (plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us.
10.The task 　　　　　　　　　　　(finish) before 12:00 yesterday.
were being planted
had been finished
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.By the end of last year,20,000 cars 　　　　　　　　　　　.
到去年年底,兩萬輛汽車已經(jīng)被生產(chǎn)了出來。
2.Dad had to cycle to work this morning because
　　　　　　　　　　　　.
今天早晨爸爸不得不騎自行車去上班,因為他的汽車正在被維修。
had been produced
his car was being repaired
3.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for 　　　　　　　　　　　 .
伯納德感謝他們?yōu)樗龅囊磺小?br/>4.This was the first time that 　　　 　　　　　by the beauty of the West Lake.
這是她第一次被西湖的美麗所吸引。
5.Whether you like or dislike the project,it _______________________ by tomorrow.
無論你喜不喜歡這個項目,你都必須在明天之前完成它。
what had been done for him
she had been fascinated
must be completed
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共8分)
使用本單元所學語法補全下面語段。
On September 3rd last year,the city 1.____________________ (遭受了嚴重的水災).By 9 pm that day,several temples built hundreds of years ago 2.　　　　　　　　　　(被摧毀了).Later it was reported that dozens of people were injured and scores of cars 3.　　　　　　　　　　　 (被沖走了) by the floods.The government called on everyone to fight the disaster actively and soon the flood 4.______________________________ (一切都被控制住了). But I still remember it clearly.
was hit by severe floods
had been destroyed
had been washed away
were brought under control
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Have you ever wondered how your favorite NBA team received its famous name All NBA teams have an interesting story or a history behind their names.Some of the names reflect the city’s culture or history,others came from previous owners and many were selected through “Name the Team” contests.
For teams like Los Angeles and Utah,the names were not always a reflection of the city.Even though Los Angeles has no lakes,the Lakers name has been a city treasure for almost 40 years.Before going to Los Angeles,the team originated in Minneapolis,Minnesota.In 1948,team officials chose the name for its direct relationship to the state’s motto,“The Land of 10,000 Lakes.” The team name went unchanged after moving to Los Angeles in 1960.
Because Utah’s team originated in New Orleans,Louisiana,it was called the Jazz.In 1974,New Orleans club officials chose the name to represent the city for its reputation as the “jazz capital of the world”. The name stayed with the team even after finding a new home in Salt Lake City,Utah in 1979.
The Chicago Bull’s original owner,Richard Klein,named the team the Bulls.He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless(不屈不撓的), and never quits.Klein,who founded the club in 1966,believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.
Miami chose the Heat from names such as the Sharks, Beaches, and Barracudas.The name Magic was the winner for the Orlando team because the city’s tourism slogan is “Come to the Magic.”
Tradition played a big part in naming the New York Knicks.Chosen by the club’s founder Ned Irish,the Knicks’ name was already important in New York’s history.The first organized team in baseball history was named the New York Knickerbockers or the Knickerbockers Nine.
In 1967,the Indiana Pacers selected their team name in a different way from most other teams.Their decision was based on what they wanted to accomplish in the NBA.Team officials chose the Pacers name because the organization wanted to set the “pace” in professional basketball.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NBA球隊名稱的由來,它們反映了城市的文化、歷史等。
1.Which of the names reflects the culture of the city New Orleans
A.The Heat. B.The Indiana Pacers.
C.The Jazz. D.The Sharks.
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Because Utah’s team originated in New Orleans...the ‘jazz capital of the world’.”可知,因為猶他爵士隊起源于路易斯安那州的“爵士樂之都”新奧爾良,所以被稱為爵士隊。由此可知,爵士反映了新奧爾良市的文化。故選C。
√
2.According to Paragraph 2,we know 　 .
A.the Lakers team was first set up in Los Angeles
B.Minnesota is a state with a lot of lakes
C.Los Angeles is famous for its lakes
D.the Lakers team has been in Los Angeles for less than 40 years
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Before going to Los Angeles...direct relationship to the state’s motto”可知,團隊官員選擇了這個名字,是因為它與該州的座右銘“萬湖之州”有直接的關系。由此可知,明尼蘇達州是一個湖泊眾多的州。故選B。
√
3.Richard Klein named the team the Bulls because he hoped his team would 　　　　.
A.be as strong as bulls
B.set the “pace” in professional basketball
C.be Number 1 forever
D.keep fighting and never give up
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“He picked the name because a fighting bull is relentless,and never quits.”可知,Richard Klein把這支球隊命名為“公牛隊”是因為他希望他的球隊能一直戰(zhàn)斗,永不放棄。故選D。
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4.How did the Heat get the name
A.It came from the names of other teams.
B.It was named after Miami’s motto.
C.It was named by its original owner.
D.Its owner came up with the name by accident.
解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Miami chose the Heat from names such as the Sharks,Beaches,and Barracudas.”可知,Heat這個名字來自其他球隊的名字。故選A。
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Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 1.　　　　　　 (long) than non-runners.You don’t have to run fast or for long 2.　　　　　　 (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3.__________ (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 4.____________________ walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study 5.　　　　　　 (publish) in 2024 6._________________ showed a mere 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7.　　　　　　 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise, it’s probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces, do exercise to 8.　　　　　　 (strength) your leg muscles,avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 9.___________ (energy).If you are time-poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 10.　　　　　　 a try.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了跑步在身體保健方面的好處。
1.longer　[考查副詞比較級。句意:根據(jù)一份醫(yī)學雜志上的報告:跑步的人比不跑步的人多活三年。根據(jù)空格后的than可知用比較級,故填longer。]
2.to see　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:你不必跑得太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。分析句意可知,此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to see。]
3.dying　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:你也許喝酒、吸煙、超重,但仍然可以通過跑步減少早亡的風險。根據(jù)空格后的副詞early可知,此處表動作,所以用動名詞形式作介詞of的賓語。故填dying。]
4.than　[考查連詞。句意:雖然定期跑步不能讓你長生不死,但這篇報告稱,在延長壽命方面,跑步比走路、騎自行車或游泳更有效。根據(jù)其前的more effective可知,此處表示比較。故填than。]
5.published　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:該報告的兩位作者還在2024年發(fā)表了一項研究,表明每天跑5到10分鐘可以降低心臟病和各種原因導致的早亡風險。分析句子成分可知,動詞publish與被修飾詞study之間為被動關系,所以應用過去分詞作定語。故填published。]
6.that/which　[考查定語從句。句意同上。分析句子結構可知先行詞a study在定語從句中作主語,且指物,所以用關系代詞that/which引導。故填that/which。]
7.causes　[考查名詞的單復數(shù)。句意同上。根據(jù)其前的修飾語all,并結合句意可知,此處應用可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式。故填causes。]
8.strengthen　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:為了避免膝蓋疼痛,你可以在柔軟的地面上跑步,做運動來加強你的腿部肌肉,避開山坡并且買好的跑鞋。分析句子成分可知,“to 　　　　your leg muscles”作目的狀語,此處to是不定式符號,其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。]
9.energetic　[考查詞性轉換。句意:跑步既便宜又容易,而且總是充滿活力。根據(jù)空格前的it’s可知,應用形容詞作表語。故填energetic。]
10.it　[考查代詞。句意:或許我們都應該試試跑步。此處用固定短語give it a try表示“試一試”。故填it。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:originate v.起源;發(fā)源;發(fā)端于　
represent v.代表　reputation n.名譽,名聲　
語法填空:review n.評論,評論文章;綜述
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:live up to不辜負(對……的期望)　
direct relationship直接關系　a fighting bull斗牛
熟詞生義 語法填空:poor熟義:adj.貧窮的;貧寒的　生義:adj.缺乏;貧乏;缺少
If you are time-poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports...
如果你沒有時間,你只需要跑一半的時間就能得到和其他運動一樣的好處……
Fats and sugar are very rich in energy but poor in vitamins and minerals.
脂肪和糖富含熱量,但缺乏維生素和礦物質。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Klein,who founded the club in 1966,believed these qualities were necessary for a championship team and hoped his Chicago athletes would live up to the team name.
[譯文]　克萊因于1966年創(chuàng)立了這一俱樂部,他相信這些品質對于一支冠軍球隊來說是必要的,并希望他的芝加哥運動員能夠不負球隊的名字。
[分析]　本句是復合句,主句是Klein believed...and hoped...,其中who引導定語從句,these qualities were necessary...和his Chicago athletes would...是賓語從句,引導詞that省略。

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