資源簡介

(共84張PPT)
主題語境:人與社會——醫學進展，疾病與健康
UNIT 4 Fit for life——健康生活
大觀念之單元話題:本單元的主題語境是“人與社會”,話題為“生命健康及醫學等領域”,讓學生了解生物醫學領域的創新研究和發展,認識現代醫學對人類健康的影響,除此以外,還要了解針灸的作用、特點以及對醫學的貢獻,培養學生對生命科學的熱愛,重視近視問題,培養傳播和弘揚中華優秀傳統文化的意識,堅定文化自信。
①allergic / l d k/ adj.過敏的
②radiation / re di e n/ n.輻射
③sample / sɑ mp( )l/ n.樣品
④transform /tr ns f m/ vt.& vi.轉換
⑤be exposed to暴露于
類文悅讀·情境導學
“救命針”到了太空竟變“毒針” 加拿大一群學生實驗發現驚人結果。
Student scientists study EpiPens in space
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery:EpiPens,which help control severe allergic① reactions,might not work in space.
An EpiPen is a shot that puts a medicine called “epinephrine (腎上腺素)” straight into a person’s body with a needle.Epinephrine calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
But students in the Program for Gifted Learners had a question about EpiPens:Would they work in space They knew that on Earth,radiation② from the sun can change the molecules (分子) of the epinephrine in an EpiPen.They wondered if the same thing would happen when epinephrine was exposed to⑤ radiation in space.So they designed an experiment to test their idea.They wanted to send samples③ of the liquid in an EpiPen,as well as pure epinephrine,into space to see if anything changed.
Working with a group called iEDU,which offers a program called Cubes in Space,the students sent two cubes into space—one on a rocket and the other on a balloon.Each cube held a small bottle of pure epinephrine and a small bottle of EpiPen liquid.
After the cubes returned to Earth,the students tested the liquids in the bottles once more.The results suggested that they had discovered something big.The bottles that held the EpiPen liquid now had no epinephrine at all.The results from the bottles of pure epinephrine were even more surprising.Only 87％ of the liquid was still epinephrine.The other 13％ had transformed④ into poisonous chemicals.
The discovery the students made is a big deal.It suggests that EpiPens might not work in space,and might even become dangerous. That’s important information for astronauts with allergies.It is hoped that the experiment will be repeated a second time to check the results.
文本整體理解
內
容
索
引
語篇助解釋疑
課時測評作業
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
文 本 整 體 理 解
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　　
According to the title, this passage mainly talks about the future direction of gene development.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The problems of genome editing.
B.The fast development of genome editing.
C.The new possibilities that gene research can bring.
D.The greatest inventions in the history of science.
√
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
Para.2　B.I want to share my excitement about genome editing with you.
Para.3　C.There are some concerns about how to use genome editing appropriately.
Para.4　D.Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives and even determine our lifespan.
Para.5　E.Genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案 Para.1　B　Para.2　D　Para.3　A　Para.4　C Para.5　E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and
fill in the blanks.
possibilities
shaping our lives
disease treatment
prevention
use
appropriately
argument
greatest
inventions
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.According to Para.1,where is the passage taken from
A.Medical advertisement.
B.Medical magazine.
C.Lecture script(演講稿).
D.Encyclopedia(百科).
√
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Talented people have more genes.
B.Genome needs information to grow.
C.Genome exists only in human cells.
D.Our lifespan is related to our genome.
√
3.What is people’s concern about genome editing
A.It will develop too fast.
B.It might be used improperly.
C.It will make people sensitive.
D.It will ruin people’s intelligence.
√
4.What does the phrase “designer babies” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics.
B.It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories.
C.It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories.
D.It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents.
√
5.What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.
C.Neutral. D.Supportive.
√
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句,主句為　　　 　　　　　　,其中As引導非限制性定語從句,意為　　　　　　　　。
嘗試翻譯:　　 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　
_________________________________________________________
genes play a critical role
“正如,正像”
在座的很多人可能已經知道,基因對于塑造生命起著決定性作用。
2.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,creating what some have called “designer babies”.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句。主句為We will also be able to select specific characteristics...,其中before they are born是before引導的　　　　　　　　　　　 從句;creating...“designer babies”為動詞－ing形式短語作　　　　狀語;what引導　　　　從句。
時間狀語
結果
賓語
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　
____________________________________________________________
我們也將能夠在孩子出生前就為他們選擇特定的特征,制造出有些人所謂的“設計嬰兒”。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
As we all know, genes control everything in our bodies. A genome is a complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being. Our genome 1.__________ (contain) not only all of the information 2.____________ (need)to make us grow and develop, but also information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3.________________ (contract) certain diseases.
contains
needed
contracting
Genome editing is a way of making changes to the genome, It is believed to be 4.　　　　　　　　 effective means of treating and preventing diseases, so geneticists 5.　　　 　　　 (attempt) to identify which genes relate to which diseases for years. They hope to use this technology to treat a wide range of health problems in the near future.
an
have been attempting
However, with the new technology developing 6.　　　　　　 a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 7.　　 　
(appropriate). It also raises moral questions about 8.　　　　　　 (it) unknown risks. Fortunately, philosophers, geneticists and government officials have taken measures to wrestle with such issues. They believe that genome editing will work to our advantage by putting appropriate controls in place. Despite the public 9.________________ (argue)over the technology, there is no doubt 10.　　　 　 genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
at
appropriately
its
argument(s)
that
語 篇 助 解 釋 疑
[原文呈現]　　　The future is in our genes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of① my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome② editing.[1] I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
[1]句中but連接兩個并列句,在第二個并列分句中,有as...as引導的比較狀語從句。
As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on③ genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell④ or a living being⑤ is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan⑥ and affects⑦ our chances of contracting⑧ certain diseases.Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus⑨or develop a particular form of cancer⑩.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.[2] It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense
of hearing.Ultimately , this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
[2]句中as引導原因狀語從句,主句中which genes relate to which diseases是賓語從句。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace , however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus , to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select
specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.[3]However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
[3]句中before引導時間狀語從句,creating what some have called “designer babies”是現在分詞短語作結果狀語,該短語中what引導賓語從句。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt , genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening.
[名師圈點]
①over the course of... 在……過程中
course /k s/ n.[熟詞生義] 進展,進程
the course of history 歷史進程
②genome / d i n m/ n.基因組,染色體組
genome editing 基因組編輯
③depend on 相信,依靠;取決于
④cell /sel/ n.細胞
⑤being / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
human being n.人
for the time being 目前
⑥lifespan / la fsp n/ n.壽命,有效期
⑦affect / fekt/ vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動
⑧contract /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);與……訂立合同(或契約) n.合同,合約
[熟詞生義] vt.感染(疾病)
⑨virus / va r s/ n.病毒;(計算機程序中的)病毒
catch a virus 感染病毒
⑩cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌癥;邪惡,毒瘤
identify /a dent fa / vt.找到,發現;確認,認出;顯示,說明身份
relate /r le t/ vi.& vt.聯系,使有聯系;敘述,講述
relate to 涉及,與……有關
means /mi nz/ n.(pl.means)方法,方式;財富,錢財
delete /d li t/ vt.刪去,刪除
restore /r st (r)/ vt.恢復;修復;使復原,使復位
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最終;根本上
[派生構詞] ultimate / lt m t/ (adj.最后的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→ultimately(adv.)
abnormal / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的
[派生構詞]ab-(前綴,表示“偏離,與其相反”)+normal(adj.正常的)→abnormal(adj.)
weapon / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
fundamental / f nd mentl/ adj.十分重大的,根本的;基礎的,基本的 n.基本規律,根本法則,基礎
be fundamental to... 是……的基礎
Hard work and persistence are fundamental to success.
努力工作和堅持不懈是成功的基礎。
pace /pe s/ n.發生的速度,節奏;步速;快節奏 vi.& vt.來回踱步,走來走去;確定速度,調整節奏
at a fast pace 快速地
arise / ra z/ vi.發生,出現;(由……)引起,(因……)產生
restrict /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束
restrict...to... 把……限制在……范圍
[派生詞 ] restriction /r str k n/ n.限制,約束
prohibit /pr h b t/vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反對;抵抗,反抗
resistance to... 對……的抵制
flu /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
characteristic / k r kt r st k/ n.特征,特點 adj.典型的,獨特的
[聯想]character / k r kt (r)/ n.(書寫或印刷)文 字,符號;人物;性格
wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt.奮力對付,努力處理;摔跤
wrestle with 努力處理,全力解決
put sth in place 準備就緒
debate /d be t/ vt.& vi.討論,辯論;仔細考慮,思考 n.討論,爭論,辯論
without doubt毫無疑問,的確
[譯文參考]　未來就在我們的基因之中
女士們,先生們,下午好。感謝各位來到本場講座。在我的職業生涯中,我見證過許多了不起的科研成果,但沒有一項能像基因組編輯一樣具有顛覆性。我對這項科學進展能夠帶來的可能性興奮不已,并且希望在今天與各位分享這份興奮之情。
在座的很多人可能已經知道,基因對于塑造生命起著決定性作用。從眼睛的顏色到數學天賦,一切都取決于基因。一個細胞或一個生物體內的一套完整的基因就稱為一個基因組。每個人自己的基因組都攜帶著各自生長發育所需的全部信息。基因組還包含了有助于決定我們壽命長短和影響我們患某些疾病概率的信息。比如,有些人攜帶的某個基因會使他們更容易感染某種病毒,或是患上某種特定類型的癌癥。
遺傳學家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關,因為他們認為基因組編輯是治療和預防疾病的一種有效手段。基因組編輯使得遺傳學家可以通過修正、嵌入、移除或替換基因材料的特定部分改變基因組。在不久的將來,遺傳學家期待運用這項技術解決多種健康問題。也許我們很快就能利用這些療法來恢復盲人的視力,或者讓先天性耳聾的人擁有敏銳的聽力。最終,這項新技術甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預防疾病。基因組編輯技術作為對抗疾病的一種新武器,將從根本上改變我們的醫療保健方式。
　　然而,隨著這一技術不斷迅速發展,出現了如何合理使用它的問題。我們是否應該將這種技術的應用局限于疾病的治療和預防 我們是否應該禁止遺傳學家使用它來使健康的身體更加強健 不久之后,我們將能利用基因組編輯技術提高人體對感冒和流感的抵抗力,也能讓人長得更高、肌肉生長得更快,讓人體的各種感官更加靈敏或者智商更高。我們也將能夠在孩子出生前就為他們選擇特定的特征,制造出有些人所謂的“設計嬰兒”。但這是一件好事嗎 會有什么后果 哲學家、遺傳學家和政府官員都已開始全力解決這樣的道德問題。我們必須想辦法防止這項技術失控。這意味著適當的管制要準備到位,以確保基因組編輯會對我們有利。沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會像失控的汽車一樣危險。
對于基因組編輯這一話題,要探索和討論的還有很多。雖然公眾對這項技術存在爭論,但它蘊含的可能性讓整個醫學界和外界都感到非常興奮。毫無疑問,基因組編輯是科學史上最偉大的發明之一。感謝各位聆聽。
課 時 測 評 作 業
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共30分)
A
Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen under a microscope, but they are vitally important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA—the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid(脫氧核糖核酸).In the early 1950s, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways.New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping. Scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective. For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚). An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot.Scientists are trying to treat the defective genes, and have made great achievements. If scientists could know a child has any defective genes beforehand, they might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基因的基本概念、功能及其在科學研究中的應用。
1.What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson
A.They discovered why people have different hair colors.
B.They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C.They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D.They worked out the structure of DNA.
解析　細節理解題。根據第二段可知,弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森的成就是他們研究出了DNA的結構。故選D。
√
2.Which of the following statements is a fact
A.Genes help determine your height and weight.
B.Genetic engineering is the most important scientific discovery of the last 25 years.
C.It is dangerous to make changes in genes.
D.Supermarkets should not sell genetically engineered food.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知,一些基因有助于決定你的身高甚至體重。因此A項“基因幫助決定你的身高和體重”是事實。故選A。
√
3.Which word below can replace the underlined word “defective” in Paragraph 4
A.Faulty. B.Wonderful. C.Perfect. D.Useful.
解析　詞義猜測題。根據最后一段可知,一個生來就帶有這種defective基因的人可能會因為血液無法凝結而發生嚴重的出血甚至流血致死。結合畫線詞下文的wrong with和bleed to death可知,此處是指一些基因出現了問題,即defective“有問題的,有缺陷的”,與faulty同義。故選A。
√
4.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Defective genes can never be repaired.
B.Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope.
C.Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics.
D.The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body.
√
解析　主旨大意題。根據第一段可知,基因太小,在顯微鏡下看不見,但它們卻極其重要。人體內的每一組基因都包含了構成一個人所需要的所有指令。有些基因決定頭發的顏色。有些決定鼻子的形狀。一些基因有助于決定你的身高甚至體重。由此可知,文章主要是講基因幫助科學家了解生物如何發展其特征。故選C。
B
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (創傷后應激障礙) symptoms after natural disasters.Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma.The goal is that the patient then creates a new,
more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments.In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and
behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday pared to other talk therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate.It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma.This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT.Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties. Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort.Some therapists also argue that,because it only addresses current problems and specific issues,it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions.And because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves,it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults.The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種主要針對創傷后應激障礙的長程心理療法——認知加工療法,包括其原理、應用、優勢及局限性。
5.According to the passage, what is CPT intended to help patients do
A.Learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices.
B.Cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events.
C.Minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life.
D.Focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
解析　細節理解題。根據文章第一段“The goal is... the patient’s current life.”可知,認知加工療法是為了幫助病人培養對創傷性事件的積極看法和理解。故選B項。
√
6.Compared with other talk therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT
A.Its multiple treating assignments.
B.Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C.Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D.Its brain connectivity enhancement.
√
解析　細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Compared to other talk therapies,... argued to be more effective than medicine.”可知,認知加工療法的優勢在于它所需時間短,可以增強患者大腦的連通性,所以它比其他的療法要更加有效。故選C項。
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B.CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C.More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D.CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
√
解析　推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段的內容可知,認知加工療法多次被證明是一種相當成功的治療方法,并且對于成年人來說已經是有效的方法;由此可以推出,下一步很有可能就是將其應用于兒童身上,研究它的有效性。故選C項。
8.What is the main idea of this passage
A.The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B.An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C.A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D.The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
解析　主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講了認知加工療法的定義;第二段講了它為何如此有效,其原理是什么;第三段講了認知加工療法的缺點;第四段講了它的應用范圍。綜合全文可知,文章主要介紹了一種長程心理療法——認知加工療法。故選B項。
√
C
There was a time when the word “surgery” used to scare people,and they would try their best to avoid a surgical procedure.The feeling is understandable,as the idea of a large cut on your body is discomforting in many ways.However,thanks to the advances in medical science,surgical techniques have improved considerably.
Compared with the traditional open surgery,minimally invasive surgery(微創手術) has several benefits to offer.Not only is the procedure quick and less painful,but also ensures rapid recovery. Now,surgical procedures,either big or small,are done within a few minutes to a few hours.The best part about the minimally invasive surgery is the painless procedure.The advanced techniques are helping with quality treatments to patients who have to undergo(進行) surgical procedures.
Unlike the traditional open surgery that requires a large cut,a surgeon makes multiple tiny cuts of less than an inch.For the process,the surgeon uses small surgical instruments,such as a tiny tube with a mini camera at one end.Once marking the cuts,the surgeon then passes the tiny tube through one of the cuts.The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.These images give the surgeon a clear picture of the area undergoing the surgery.After the surgery,the surgeon cleans the cuts and sometimes places a bandage for additional support.
Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.In fact,it would not be wrong to say that these surgeries are now the standard surgical procedures for many routine operations.Whether you have a minor issue or want a surgical intervention for a major health condition,it is the best option.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微創手術相比于傳統開放手術的優勢及其在現代醫療中的廣泛應用。
9.What makes people afraid of surgery
A.The large cut.
B.The great risk.
C.The high expense.
D.The slow recovery.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中“There was a time when the...in many ways.”可知,大的傷口讓人們害怕手術。故選A。
√
10.What can surgeons use as a reference in the surgery
A.The previous treatment plan.
B.The images by the mini camera.
C.The standard surgical procedures.
D.The advice from other surgeons.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中“The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.”可知,外科醫生在手術中可以使用微型相機拍攝的圖像作為參考。故選B。
√
11.Who might benefit most from the minimally invasive surgery
A.Patients in need of additional support.
B.Patients lack of regular checkups.
C.Patients with several medical conditions.
D.Patients scared of surgical instruments.
解析　細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.”可知,患有多種疾病的病人可能從微創手術中受益最大。故選C。
√
12.What is the author’s attitude towards minimally invasive surgery
A.Disapproving. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
解析　觀點態度題。根據最后一段“Minimally invasive surgery has become...it is the best option.”可推知,作者對微創手術的態度是支持的。故選D。
√
Ⅱ.七選五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for a terrible fever. 　1　 The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provides medication directly for the infected area.
　2　 They are called “nanorobot”(納米機器人) and engineering teams around the world are working to design robots that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer.
In recent years, researchers have been building nanorobots out of a familiar material—the same stuff that makes human life possible. 　3　 DNA is all around and in you—you just can’t see it. If you were to look inside almost any cell inside any living creature, you would find DNA.
This might sound surprising—especially since these nanorobots don’t need batteries(電池) or any power sources. Instead, they work by using the natural structure of DNA.The nanorobots “crawl”(緩慢行進) on DNA.Sometimes researchers refer to these things as DNA “spiders”.　4　 A nanorobot could, perhaps, destroy just a cancerous cell, for example, but leave healthy cells alone.
　5　 But the future is bright for nanorobots made from DNA.One day, perhaps the machine made from DNA will swim around in the human body, delivering medicine to diseased cells or helping doctors diagnose problems. Or maybe it’ll help build the smallest computers the world has ever seen.
A.These nanorobots are made from DNA.
B.Nanorobots made from DNA aren’t useful yet.
C.This description will give you a simple picture of the legs of a DNA nanorobot.
D.In other words, the DNA nanorobot destroys the track as it goes.
E.Being able to make such a tiny thing move in a certain way might be useful for health.
F.Instead of giving you a pill or a shot, the doctor puts a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
G.In fact, we’re not that far from seeing devices like this actually used in medical procedures.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種正在研究中的納米機器人的基本原理及其未來在醫學領域的應用前景。
1.F　[第一段主要介紹一種新的醫療手段。空前句是說假設你去找醫生治療發燒,空后句敘述這種機器人有檢測發燒的原因等醫療功能,F項“醫生沒有給你一粒藥也沒有給你打一針, 而是在你的血管里放入一個微型機器人。”介紹這種新的醫療設備,銜接前后文,故F項正確。]
2.G　[第二段承接第一段,闡述這種新的醫療手段并非遙不可及。G項與空后句中的“that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer(它們最終會用于治療從發燒到癌癥等各種疾病)”呼應,空后句中的They指代G項中的復數名詞devices,故G項正確。]
3.A　[本段主要講述納米機器人的制作,空后提及DNA,A項“這些納米機器人由DNA制作而成。”符合語境,故A項正確。]
4.E　[本段主要講述納米機器人的優點及工作方式。空前內容指出它不需要電池,靠DNA的結構運行。空后句闡述也許它會只殺死癌細胞而不驚動健康細胞。E項“能夠讓這么微小的東西以某種方式運行可能對健康有好處。”能夠銜接上下文,故E項正確。]
5.B　[本段主要講述用DNA制作而成的納米機器人的前景。空后句意為“但是由DNA制作而成的納米機器人的未來是光明的”,B項“由DNA制作而成的納米機器人還不實用。”與空后句形成轉折關系,故B項正確。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:vitally adv.極其;緊要地;生死攸關地　deoxyribonucleic adj.脫氧核糖核的　
B篇:therapy n.治療,療法　modify v.修改,改進　
trauma n.創傷
主題詞塊 B篇:compare to與(某事物)相比　
C篇:a surgical procedure外科手術　
a cancerous cell癌細胞
熟詞生義 B篇:work熟義:v.做體力(或腦力)工作　
生義:v.奏效;產生預期的結果(或作用)
In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.
在一些研究中,它已被證明在藥物單獨治療無效時有幫助。
My plan worked, and I got them to agree.
我的計劃奏效了,我讓他們同意了。
難句剖析 B篇:The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.
[譯文]　這樣做的目的是讓患者對創傷性事件產生一種新的、更積極的看法和理解,從而減少對患者當前生活的持續負面影響。
[分析]　本句是復合句,主句是The goal is ...,其中that引導表語從句,which引導非限制性定語從句。UNIT 3 Fit for life——健康生活
主題語境:人與社會——醫學進展,疾病與健康
大觀念之單元話題:本單元的主題語境是“人與社會”,話題為“生命健康及醫學等領域”,讓學生了解生物醫學領域的創新研究和發展,認識現代醫學對人類健康的影響,除此以外,還要了解針灸的作用、特點以及對醫學的貢獻,培養學生對生命科學的熱愛,重視近視問題,培養傳播和弘揚中華優秀傳統文化的意識,堅定文化自信。
①allergic / l d k/ adj.過敏的
②radiation / re di e n/ n.輻射
③sample / sɑ mp( )l/ n.樣品
④transform /tr ns f m/ vt.& vi.轉換
⑤be exposed to暴露于
類文悅讀·情境導學
“救命針”到了太空竟變“毒針” 加拿大一群學生實驗發現驚人結果。
Student scientists study EpiPens in space
A school science project by a group of students in Canada has led to an important discovery:EpiPens,which help control severe allergic① reactions,might not work in space.
An EpiPen is a shot that puts a medicine called “epinephrine (腎上腺素)” straight into a person’s body with a needle.Epinephrine calms the allergic reaction so the person can breathe.
But students in the Program for Gifted Learners had a question about EpiPens:Would they work in space They knew that on Earth,radiation② from the sun can change the molecules (分子) of the epinephrine in an EpiPen.They wondered if the same thing would happen when epinephrine was exposed to⑤ radiation in space.So they designed an experiment to test their idea.They wanted to send samples③ of the liquid in an EpiPen,as well as pure epinephrine,into space to see if anything changed.
Working with a group called iEDU,which offers a program called Cubes in Space,the students sent two cubes into space—one on a rocket and the other on a balloon.Each cube held a small bottle of pure epinephrine and a small bottle of EpiPen liquid.
After the cubes returned to Earth,the students tested the liquids in the bottles once more.The results suggested that they had discovered something big.The bottles that held the EpiPen liquid now had no epinephrine at all.The results from the bottles of pure epinephrine were even more surprising.Only 87% of the liquid was still epinephrine.The other 13% had transformed④ into poisonous chemicals.
The discovery the students made is a big deal.It suggests that EpiPens might not work in space,and might even become dangerous.That’s important information for astronauts with allergies.It is hoped that the experiment will be repeated a second time to check the results.
Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit &Reading
Step One:Pre-reading
According to the title and the pictures,can you guess what the passage mainly talks about
答案　According to the title, this passage mainly talks about the future direction of gene development.
Step Two:While-reading
Ⅰ.Read for the main idea
1.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.The problems of genome editing.
B.The fast development of genome editing.
C.The new possibilities that gene research can bring.
D.The greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案　C
2.Read the passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A.Genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
Para.2　B.I want to share my excitement about genome editing with you.
Para.3　C.There are some concerns about how to use genome editing appropriately.
Para.4　D.Genes play a critical role in shaping our lives and even determine our lifespan.
Para.5　E.Genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.
答案　Para.1　B　Para.2　D　Para.3　A Para.4　C　Para.5　E
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
Ⅲ.Read for details
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.
1.According to Para.1,where is the passage taken from
A.Medical advertisement. B.Medical magazine.
C.Lecture script(演講稿). D.Encyclopedia(百科).
2.What can we infer from paragraph 2
A.Talented people have more genes. B.Genome needs information to grow.
C.Genome exists only in human cells. D.Our lifespan is related to our genome.
3.What is people’s concern about genome editing
A.It will develop too fast. B.It might be used improperly.
C.It will make people sensitive. D.It will ruin people’s intelligence.
4.What does the phrase “designer babies” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.It refers to babies that have developed from embryos(胚胎) with certain desired characteristics.
B.It refers to babies that have been developed by scientists in the laboratories.
C.It refers to babies that have been designed by geneticists in the laboratories.
D.It refers to babies that have been selected by their picky parents.
5.What is the lecturer’s attitude toward genome editing
A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful.
C.Neutral. D.Supportive.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.B　4.A　5.D
Step Three:Post-reading
Ⅰ.難句解構
1.As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句,主句為genes play a critical role,其中As引導非限制性定語從句,意為“正如,正像”。
嘗試翻譯:在座的很多人可能已經知道,基因對于塑造生命起著決定性作用。
2.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born,creating what some have called “designer babies”.
學會斷句:此句為主從復合句。主句為We will also be able to select specific characteristics...,其中before they are born是before引導的時間狀語從句;creating...“designer babies”為動詞-ing形式短語作結果狀語;what引導賓語從句。
嘗試翻譯:我們也將能夠在孩子出生前就為他們選擇特定的特征,制造出有些人所謂的“設計嬰兒”。
Ⅱ.翻轉課堂(課文語法填空)
Fill in the following blanks according to the passage.
As we all know, genes control everything in our bodies. A genome is a complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being. Our genome 1.contains (contain) not only all of the information 2.needed (need)to make us grow and develop, but also information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of 3.contracting (contract) certain diseases.
Genome editing is a way of making changes to the genome, It is believed to be 4.an effective means of treating and preventing diseases, so geneticists 5.have been attempting (attempt) to identify which genes relate to which diseases for years. They hope to use this technology to treat a wide range of health problems in the near future.
However, with the new technology developing 6.at a fast pace, questions arise about how to use it 7. appropriately (appropriate).It also raises moral questions about 8.its (it) unknown risks. Fortunately, philosophers, geneticists and government officials have taken measures to wrestle with such issues. They believe that genome editing will work to our advantage by putting appropriate controls in place. Despite the public 9.argument(s) (argue)over the technology, there is no doubt 10.that genome editing is one of the greatest innovations in the history of science.
[原文呈現]　　　The future is in our genes
Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.Thank you all for coming to this lecture.Over the course of① my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome② editing.[1] I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today.
[1]句中but連接兩個并列句,在第二個并列分句中,有as...as引導的比較狀語從句。
As many of you may already know,genes play a critical role in shaping our lives.Everything from the colour of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on③ genes.The complete set of genes inside a cell④ or a living being⑤ is called a genome.Our own personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan⑥ and affects⑦ our chances of contracting⑧ certain diseases.Some people, for example, carry a gene that makes them more likely to catch a certain virus⑨or develop a particular form of cancer⑩.
Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.[2] It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material.In the near future, geneticists hope to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems.Soon we may be able to use such treatments to restore a blind person’s vision or give someone who was born deaf an excellent sense of hearing.Ultimately , this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.Genome editing, serving as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach to health care.
[2]句中as引導原因狀語從句,主句中which genes relate to which diseases是賓語從句。
As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace , however,questions arise about how to use it appropriately.Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies One day soon we will be able to use genome editing to increase the human resistance to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more intelligent.We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, creating what some have called “designer babies”.[3]However, is this a good thing What consequences might it have Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild.This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage.Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
[3]句中before引導時間狀語從句,creating what some have called “designer babies”是現在分詞短語作結果狀語,該短語中what引導賓語從句。
There is still much to be explored and debated on the subject of genome editing.Despite the public argument over this technology, its possibilities have been creating much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.Thank you for listening.
[名師圈點]
①over the course of... 在……過程中
course /k s/ n.[熟詞生義] 進展,進程
the course of history 歷史進程
②genome / d i n m/ n.基因組,染色體組
genome editing 基因組編輯
③depend on 相信,依靠;取決于
④cell /sel/ n.細胞
⑤being / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
human being n.人
for the time being 目前
⑥lifespan / la fsp n/ n.壽命,有效期
⑦affect / fekt/ vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動
⑧contract /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);與……訂立合同(或契約) n.合同,合約
[熟詞生義] vt.感染(疾病)
⑨virus / va r s/ n.病毒;(計算機程序中的)病毒
catch a virus 感染病毒
⑩cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌癥;邪惡,毒瘤
identify /a dent fa / vt.找到,發現;確認,認出;顯示,說明身份
relate /r le t/ vi.& vt.聯系,使有聯系;敘述,講述
relate to 涉及,與……有關
means /mi nz/ n.(pl.means)方法,方式;財富,錢財
delete /d li t/ vt.刪去,刪除
restore /r st (r)/ vt.恢復;修復;使復原,使復位
ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最終;根本上
[派生構詞] ultimate / lt m t/ (adj.最后的)+-ly(副詞后綴)→ultimately(adv.)
abnormal / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的
[派生構詞]ab-(前綴,表示“偏離,與其相反”)+normal(adj.正常的)→abnormal(adj.)
weapon / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
fundamental / f nd mentl/ adj.十分重大的,根本的;基礎的,基本的 n.基本規律,根本法則,基礎
be fundamental to... 是……的基礎
Hard work and persistence are fundamental to success.
努力工作和堅持不懈是成功的基礎。
pace /pe s/ n.發生的速度,節奏;步速;快節奏 vi.& vt.來回踱步,走來走去;確定速度,調整節奏
at a fast pace 快速地
arise / ra z/ vi.發生,出現;(由……)引起,(因……)產生
restrict /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束
restrict...to... 把……限制在……范圍
[派生詞 ] restriction /r str k n/ n.限制,約束
prohibit /pr h b t/vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能
prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反對;抵抗,反抗
resistance to... 對……的抵制
flu /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
characteristic / k r kt r st k/ n.特征,特點 adj.典型的,獨特的
[聯想]character / k r kt (r)/ n.(書寫或印刷)文 字,符號;人物;性格
wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt.奮力對付,努力處理;摔跤
wrestle with 努力處理,全力解決
put sth in place 準備就緒
debate /d be t/ vt.& vi.討論,辯論;仔細考慮,思考 n.討論,爭論,辯論
without doubt毫無疑問,的確
[譯文參考]　 未來就在我們的基因之中
女士們,先生們,下午好。感謝各位來到本場講座。在我的職業生涯中,我見證過許多了不起的科研成果,但沒有一項能像基因組編輯一樣具有顛覆性。我對這項科學進展能夠帶來的可能性興奮不已,并且希望在今天與各位分享這份興奮之情。
在座的很多人可能已經知道,基因對于塑造生命起著決定性作用。從眼睛的顏色到數學天賦,一切都取決于基因。一個細胞或一個生物體內的一套完整的基因就稱為一個基因組。每個人自己的基因組都攜帶著各自生長發育所需的全部信息。基因組還包含了有助于決定我們壽命長短和影響我們患某些疾病概率的信息。比如,有些人攜帶的某個基因會使他們更容易感染某種病毒,或是患上某種特定類型的癌癥。
遺傳學家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關,因為他們認為基因組編輯是治療和預防疾病的一種有效手段。基因組編輯使得遺傳學家可以通過修正、嵌入、移除或替換基因材料的特定部分改變基因組。在不久的將來,遺傳學家期待運用這項技術解決多種健康問題。也許我們很快就能利用這些療法來恢復盲人的視力,或者讓先天性耳聾的人擁有敏銳的聽力。最終,這項新技術甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預防疾病。基因組編輯技術作為對抗疾病的一種新武器,將從根本上改變我們的醫療保健方式。
　　然而,隨著這一技術不斷迅速發展,出現了如何合理使用它的問題。我們是否應該將這種技術的應用局限于疾病的治療和預防 我們是否應該禁止遺傳學家使用它來使健康的身體更加強健 不久之后,我們將能利用基因組編輯技術提高人體對感冒和流感的抵抗力,也能讓人長得更高、肌肉生長得更快,讓人體的各種感官更加靈敏或者智商更高。我們也將能夠在孩子出生前就為他們選擇特定的特征,制造出有些人所謂的“設計嬰兒”。但這是一件好事嗎 會有什么后果 哲學家、遺傳學家和政府官員都已開始全力解決這樣的道德問題。我們必須想辦法防止這項技術失控。這意味著適當的管制要準備到位,以確保基因組編輯會對我們有利。沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會像失控的汽車一樣危險。
對于基因組編輯這一話題,要探索和討論的還有很多。雖然公眾對這項技術存在爭論,但它蘊含的可能性讓整個醫學界和外界都感到非常興奮。毫無疑問,基因組編輯是科學史上最偉大的發明之一。感謝各位聆聽。
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共30分)
A
Every living cell contains genes. They are too small to be seen under a microscope, but they are vitally important. Each set of genes in the body contains all the instructions needed to make a human being. Some genes determine hair color. Some determine the shape of a nose. Some genes help determine your height and even your weight.
Genes are made of a chemical called DNA—the letters stand for deoxyribonucleic acid(脫氧核糖核酸).In the early 1950s, two scientists, Francis Crick and James Watson, figured out how the parts of DNA fit together. Once scientists understood this structure, it became possible to take pieces of DNA apart and put them together in new ways.New kinds of genes could be made in this manner.
Scientists have studied the genes of many plants and animals. They have worked out which genes affect the color of a tomato and the thickness of its skin. Working out which genes determine which features is called genetic mapping. Scientists have begun the Human Genome Project, an ambitious effort to map all the genes in the human body.
Some genes may be defective. For example, something might be wrong with the gene that makes blood clot(凝聚). An individual born with this defective gene could suffer serious hemorrhages(出血) or even bleed to death because his or her blood fails to clot.Scientists are trying to treat the defective genes, and have made great achievements. If scientists could know a child has any defective genes beforehand, they might even discover how to treat these genes before the child is born.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了基因的基本概念、功能及其在科學研究中的應用。
1.What was the achievement of Francis Crick and James Watson
A.They discovered why people have different hair colors.
B.They learned that some people bleed for long periods of time.
C.They looked at human cells under the microscope.
D.They worked out the structure of DNA.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第二段可知,弗朗西斯·克里克和詹姆斯·沃森的成就是他們研究出了DNA的結構。故選D。]
2.Which of the following statements is a fact
A.Genes help determine your height and weight.
B.Genetic engineering is the most important scientific discovery of the last 25 years.
C.It is dangerous to make changes in genes.
D.Supermarkets should not sell genetically engineered food.
答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句可知,一些基因有助于決定你的身高甚至體重。因此A項“基因幫助決定你的身高和體重”是事實。故選A。]
3.Which word below can replace the underlined word “defective” in Paragraph 4
A.Faulty. B.Wonderful.
C.Perfect. D.Useful.
答案　A　[詞義猜測題。根據最后一段可知,一個生來就帶有這種defective基因的人可能會因為血液無法凝結而發生嚴重的出血甚至流血致死。結合畫線詞下文的wrong with和bleed to death可知,此處是指一些基因出現了問題,即defective“有問題的,有缺陷的”,與faulty同義。故選A。]
4.What is the main idea of this passage
A.Defective genes can never be repaired.
B.Genes are too small to be seen through a microscope.
C.Genes help scientists understand how living things develop their characteristics.
D.The Human Genome Project may explain the role of every gene in the body.
答案　C　[主旨大意題。根據第一段可知,基因太小,在顯微鏡下看不見,但它們卻極其重要。人體內的每一組基因都包含了構成一個人所需要的所有指令。有些基因決定頭發的顏色。有些決定鼻子的形狀。一些基因有助于決定你的身高甚至體重。由此可知,文章主要是講基因幫助科學家了解生物如何發展其特征。故選C。]
B
Cognitive Processing Therapy(CPT), a long-term psychological therapy, is a specific type of cognitive behavioral therapy which reduces post-traumatic stress disorder (創傷后應激障礙) symptoms after natural disasters.Typically, CPT is delivered over 12 sessions to help patients learn how to modify negative attitudes and practices related to their trauma.The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life.It specifically focuses on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power and control, etc.
Delivered both individually and in structured group sessions, it allows for multiple different paths to receive effective treatments.In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked.Because CPT focuses on retraining thoughts and behaviors to form practical strategies that can be applied to everyday pared to other talk therapies, it has been especially successful, because it can be completed in a brief period of time, allowing for a lower patient dropout rate.It also enhances brain connectivity, which lessens long-term impacts of trauma.This increased connectivity is why cognitive behavioral therapy is often argued to be more effective than medicine.
On the other hand, there are also multiple disadvantages to CPT.Due to its structured nature, it may not be suitable for people with more complex mental health needs or learning difficulties.Additionally, since it involves facing up to emotions and fears, patients may experience initial periods of additional anxiety or discomfort.Some therapists also argue that,because it only addresses current problems and specific issues,it does not address possible fundamental causes of mental health conditions.And because it focuses on the individual’s capacity to change themselves,it does not address wider system problems that have a significant impact on a patient’s health and well-being.
However, focusing mainly on post-natural disasters, regardless of pre-disaster health, CPT has been repeatedly proven to be a rather successful treatment approach.Although there have not been studies generalizing CPT for children, it is an effective treatment for adults.The clear effectiveness of CPT demonstrates the importance of patient-specific therapies that are unique to the experiences of individual patients.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種主要針對創傷后應激障礙的長程心理療法——認知加工療法,包括其原理、應用、優勢及局限性。
5.According to the passage, what is CPT intended to help patients do
A.Learn how to modify various negative attitudes and practices.
B.Cultivate a positive view and understanding of the traumatic events.
C.Minimize on-going negative effects on their previous and current life.
D.Focus on the core trauma themes of safety, trust, power, control, etc.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據文章第一段“The goal is... the patient’s current life.”可知,認知加工療法是為了幫助病人培養對創傷性事件的積極看法和理解。故選B項。]
6.Compared with other talk therapies, what feature contributes to the effectiveness of CPT
A.Its multiple treating assignments.
B.Its applicable strategies in daily life.
C.Its higher treatment fulfillment.
D.Its brain connectivity enhancement.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Compared to other talk therapies,... argued to be more effective than medicine.”可知,認知加工療法的優勢在于它所需時間短,可以增強患者大腦的連通性,所以它比其他的療法要更加有效。故選C項。]
7.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Post-disaster health is not taken into consideration in the CPT.
B.CPT proves to be the most successful treatment approach so far.
C.More researches might be conducted into the effectiveness of CPT in children.
D.CPT addresses the fundamental causes of patients’ mental health conditions.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段的內容可知,認知加工療法多次被證明是一種相當成功的治療方法,并且對于成年人來說已經是有效的方法;由此可以推出,下一步很有可能就是將其應用于兒童身上,研究它的有效性。故選C項。]
8.What is the main idea of this passage
A.The application of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
B.An introduction to a long-term psychological therapy.
C.A breakthrough in the psychological medical field.
D.The limitations of Cognitive Processing Therapy.
答案　B　[主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講了認知加工療法的定義;第二段講了它為何如此有效,其原理是什么;第三段講了認知加工療法的缺點;第四段講了它的應用范圍。綜合全文可知,文章主要介紹了一種長程心理療法——認知加工療法。故選B項。]
C
There was a time when the word “surgery” used to scare people,and they would try their best to avoid a surgical procedure.The feeling is understandable,as the idea of a large cut on your body is discomforting in many ways.However,thanks to the advances in medical science,surgical techniques have improved considerably.
Compared with the traditional open surgery,minimally invasive surgery(微創手術) has several benefits to offer.Not only is the procedure quick and less painful,but also ensures rapid recovery.Now,surgical procedures,either big or small,are done within a few minutes to a few hours.The best part about the minimally invasive surgery is the painless procedure.The advanced techniques are helping with quality treatments to patients who have to undergo(進行) surgical procedures.
Unlike the traditional open surgery that requires a large cut,a surgeon makes multiple tiny cuts of less than an inch.For the process,the surgeon uses small surgical instruments,such as a tiny tube with a mini camera at one end.Once marking the cuts,the surgeon then passes the tiny tube through one of the cuts.The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.These images give the surgeon a clear picture of the area undergoing the surgery.After the surgery,the surgeon cleans the cuts and sometimes places a bandage for additional support.
Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.In fact,it would not be wrong to say that these surgeries are now the standard surgical procedures for many routine operations.Whether you have a minor issue or want a surgical intervention for a major health condition,it is the best option.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了微創手術相比于傳統開放手術的優勢及其在現代醫療中的廣泛應用。
9.What makes people afraid of surgery
A.The large cut. B.The great risk.
C.The high expense. D.The slow recovery.
答案　A　[細節理解題。根據第一段中“There was a time when the...in many ways.”可知,大的傷口讓人們害怕手術。故選A。]
10.What can surgeons use as a reference in the surgery
A.The previous treatment plan.
B.The images by the mini camera.
C.The standard surgical procedures.
D.The advice from other surgeons.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第三段中“The doctor monitors the images taken by the mini camera on the screen and uses them as a reference.”可知,外科醫生在手術中可以使用微型相機拍攝的圖像作為參考。故選B。]
11.Who might benefit most from the minimally invasive surgery
A.Patients in need of additional support.
B.Patients lack of regular checkups.
C.Patients with several medical conditions.
D.Patients scared of surgical instruments.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據最后一段中“Minimally invasive surgery has become the first choice of patients with multiple medical conditions.”可知,患有多種疾病的病人可能從微創手術中受益最大。故選C。]
12.What is the author’s attitude towards minimally invasive surgery
A.Disapproving. B.Objective.
C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.
答案　D　[觀點態度題。根據最后一段“Minimally invasive surgery has become...it is the best option.”可推知,作者對微創手術的態度是支持的。故選D。]
Ⅱ.七選五(每空2.5分,共12.5分)
Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for a terrible fever. 　1　 The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provides medication directly for the infected area.
　2　 They are called “nanorobot”(納米機器人) and engineering teams around the world are working to design robots that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer.
In recent years, researchers have been building nanorobots out of a familiar material—the same stuff that makes human life possible. 　3　 DNA is all around and in you—you just can’t see it. If you were to look inside almost any cell inside any living creature, you would find DNA.
This might sound surprising—especially since these nanorobots don’t need batteries(電池) or any power sources. Instead, they work by using the natural structure of DNA.The nanorobots “crawl”(緩慢行進) on DNA.Sometimes researchers refer to these things as DNA “spiders”.　4　 A nanorobot could, perhaps, destroy just a cancerous cell, for example, but leave healthy cells alone.
　5　 But the future is bright for nanorobots made from DNA.One day, perhaps the machine made from DNA will swim around in the human body, delivering medicine to diseased cells or helping doctors diagnose problems. Or maybe it’ll help build the smallest computers the world has ever seen.
A.These nanorobots are made from DNA.
B.Nanorobots made from DNA aren’t useful yet.
C.This description will give you a simple picture of the legs of a DNA nanorobot.
D.In other words, the DNA nanorobot destroys the track as it goes.
E.Being able to make such a tiny thing move in a certain way might be useful for health.
F.Instead of giving you a pill or a shot, the doctor puts a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
G.In fact, we’re not that far from seeing devices like this actually used in medical procedures.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種正在研究中的納米機器人的基本原理及其未來在醫學領域的應用前景。
1.F　[第一段主要介紹一種新的醫療手段。空前句是說假設你去找醫生治療發燒,空后句敘述這種機器人有檢測發燒的原因等醫療功能,F項“醫生沒有給你一粒藥也沒有給你打一針, 而是在你的血管里放入一個微型機器人。”介紹這種新的醫療設備,銜接前后文,故F項正確。]
2.G　[第二段承接第一段,闡述這種新的醫療手段并非遙不可及。G項與空后句中的“that will eventually be used to treat everything from fever to cancer(它們最終會用于治療從發燒到癌癥等各種疾病)”呼應,空后句中的They指代G項中的復數名詞devices,故G項正確。]
3.A　[本段主要講述納米機器人的制作,空后提及DNA,A項“這些納米機器人由DNA制作而成。”符合語境,故A項正確。]
4.E　[本段主要講述納米機器人的優點及工作方式。空前內容指出它不需要電池,靠DNA的結構運行。空后句闡述也許它會只殺死癌細胞而不驚動健康細胞。E項“能夠讓這么微小的東西以某種方式運行可能對健康有好處。”能夠銜接上下文,故E項正確。]
5.B　[本段主要講述用DNA制作而成的納米機器人的前景。空后句意為“但是由DNA制作而成的納米機器人的未來是光明的”,B項“由DNA制作而成的納米機器人還不實用。”與空后句形成轉折關系,故B項正確。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 A篇:vitally adv.極其;緊要地;生死攸關地　deoxyribonucleic adj.脫氧核糖核的　B篇:therapy n.治療,療法　modify v.修改,改進　trauma n.創傷
主題詞塊 B篇:compare to與(某事物)相比　C篇:a surgical procedure外科手術　a cancerous cell癌細胞
熟詞生義 B篇:work熟義:v.做體力(或腦力)工作　生義:v.奏效;產生預期的結果(或作用) In some studies, it has shown to be helpful in cases where medicine alone has not worked. 在一些研究中,它已被證明在藥物單獨治療無效時有幫助。 My plan worked, and I got them to agree. 我的計劃奏效了,我讓他們同意了。
難句剖析 B篇:The goal is that the patient then creates a new, more positive view and understanding of the traumatic event, which reduces on-going negative effects on the patient’s current life. [譯文]　這樣做的目的是讓患者對創傷性事件產生一種新的、更積極的看法和理解,從而減少對患者當前生活的持續負面影響。 [分析]　本句是復合句,主句是The goal is ...,其中that引導表語從句,which引導非限制性定語從句。

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