資源簡介

SectionⅡ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
[核心單詞·練通]
1.cell /sel/ n.細(xì)胞
2.being / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
3.contract /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);與……訂立合同(或契約) / k ntr kt/n.合同,合約
4.virus / va r s/ n.病毒;(計(jì)算機(jī)程序中的) 病毒
5.cancer / k ns (r)/ n.癌癥;邪惡,毒瘤
6.means /mi nz/ n.(pl.means)方法,方式;財(cái)富,錢財(cái)
7.delete/d li t/ vt.刪去,刪除
8.weapon / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
9.pace /pe s/ n.發(fā)生的速度,節(jié)奏;步速;快節(jié)奏 vi.& vt.來回踱步,走來走去;確定速度,調(diào)整節(jié)奏
10.arise / ra z/ vi.(arose,arisen)發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);(由……)引起,(因……)產(chǎn)生
11.flu /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
12.finding / fa nd / n.調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)研結(jié)果
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.surgeon / s d n/ n.外科醫(yī)生→surgery n.外科手術(shù)
2.chemist/ kem st/ n.藥劑師,藥商;化學(xué)家→chemical adj.化學(xué)的→chemically adv.化學(xué)地→chemistry n.化學(xué)
3.specialize / spe la z/ (also specialise) vi.專門研究(或從事),專攻→special adj.特殊的,特別的;有專門目的的,起專門作用的→specially adv.專門地,特意;格外,特別→specialist n.專家;專科醫(yī)生
4.affect / fekt/ vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動(dòng)→affection n.感情;愛情;喜愛;鐘愛
5.identify /a dent fa / vt.找到,發(fā)現(xiàn);確認(rèn),認(rèn)出;顯示,說明身份→identification n.識別,辨認(rèn);身份證明→identity n.身份;特征;相同,一致
6.relate /r le t/ vi.& vt.聯(lián)系,使有聯(lián)系;敘述,講述→related adj.相關(guān)的,有聯(lián)系的→relation n.關(guān)系,聯(lián)系;親戚→relative n.親戚,親屬 adj.相比較而言的,相關(guān)聯(lián)的→relationship n.關(guān)系
7.restore /r st (r)/ vt.恢復(fù);修復(fù);使復(fù)原,使復(fù)位→restoration n.恢復(fù);修復(fù)
8.abnormal / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的→normal adj.正常的 n.常態(tài);通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)→
normally adv.一般地;正常地
9.restrict /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束→restricted adj.(大小或者數(shù)量)有限的;(指能做的事)有限的,受限制的→restriction n.限制規(guī)定,限制法規(guī);限制,約束→restrictive adj.限制性的,約束的
10.prohibit /pr h b t/ vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→prohibition n.禁止;禁令
11.resistance /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反對;抵抗,反抗→resist vi.& vt.抵制;反抗;忍住;抗(傷害)→resistant adj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的
12.ripe /ra p/ adj.成熟的;時(shí)機(jī)成熟的→ripen v.(使)成熟
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.dentist / dent st/ n.牙科醫(yī)生
2.gene /d i n/ n.基因
3.game-changing / ɡe m t e nd / adj.改變游戲規(guī)則的(指徹底改變事態(tài)發(fā)展的)
4.genome / d i n m/ n.基因組,染色體組
5.lifespan / la fsp n/ n.壽命,有效期
6.ultimately / lt m tli/ adv.最終;根本上
7.wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt.奮力對付,努力處理;摔跤
[重點(diǎn)短語·再現(xiàn)]
1.relate to 涉及,與……相關(guān)
2.prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
3.wrestle with 努力處理,全力解決
4.put sth in place 準(zhǔn)備就緒
5.without doubt 毫無疑問,的確
6.to one’s advantage 對某人有利
7.play a role in 在……方面起作用
8.shape one’s life 塑造某人的生活
9.depend on 依靠,依賴
10.apply...to... 把……應(yīng)用到……上
11.a wide range of 各種各樣的
[典型句式·默背]
根據(jù)課文語境及漢語提示補(bǔ)全句子
1.[句型公式]　make it+adj./n.(+for sb)to do sth
[教材原句]　Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最終,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預(yù)防疾病。
2.[句型公式]　without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句
[教材原句]　Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會(huì)像失控的汽車一樣危險(xiǎn)。
核心單詞練透
1.affect vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動(dòng) 　·affection n.喜愛　·effect n.影響;效應(yīng)
教材原文　It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它(基因組)還包含了有助于決定我們的壽命長短和影響我們患某些疾病概率的信息。
感知　語言先輸入
①However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.(2024·全國甲卷)
②AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be affected by　　 受……的影響;被……感動(dòng)
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)have an effect/influence on 對……產(chǎn)生影響
[名師點(diǎn)津]　“被深深地感動(dòng)”的表達(dá):
be deeply moved;be deeply touched;be deeply affected
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives were affected(affect).
②Affected by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
③From then on, we began a relationship that gradually transformed into a great friendship and deep affection(affect).
④我們想知道這種藥物是否對人們的健康有影響。
→We want to know whether the drug affects people’s health.(affect)
→We want to know whether the drug has an effect on people’s health.(effect)
2.identify vt.找到,發(fā)現(xiàn);確認(rèn),認(rèn)出;顯示,說明身份
·identification n.確認(rèn);身份證明　·identity n.身份;特性
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①...when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
②First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system.(2022·北京卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)identify...as... 確認(rèn),證明……;鑒別出……
be identified with sb/sth 支持;與……有密切關(guān)聯(lián)
identify oneself 證明自己的身份
(2)identification card 身份證(identity card);標(biāo)識卡
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The police asked him to show his identity card to identify(identify) whether he was the attacker.
②The ship was identified(identify) yesterday,and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard.
③The identification(identify) of the plane crash victims was a long and difficult task.
④Finally,people could identify themselves online and have to stand behind their words.
最終人們將在網(wǎng)上建立自己的身份, 為自己的言行負(fù)責(zé)。
3.relate vt.& vi.聯(lián)系,使有聯(lián)系;敘述,講述　·related adj.相關(guān)的,有聯(lián)系的
·relation n.關(guān)系,聯(lián)系;親戚　·relative n.親戚,親屬 adj.相比較而言的,比較的;相對的,相關(guān)聯(lián)的　·relationship n.關(guān)系
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
②Second, they must work out how they relate to each other.(2022·北京卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)relate to　　　　　 涉及,與……相關(guān)
relate A to B 把A和B聯(lián)系起來
relate sth to sb 給某人講某事
(2)be related to 與……有關(guān)/有聯(lián)系
(3)in/with relation to 關(guān)于,涉及;相對……而言
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①You can identify the clues to the answer if you relate the results to the causes.
②They are anxious to develop friendly relations (relate) with their neighboring countries.
③Paper-cutting is closely related to the traditional culture of China, and has a history of more than 1,500 years.
剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史,與中國的傳統(tǒng)文化緊密聯(lián)系在一起。
④The state has staged a series of policy measures in/with relation to western region development.
國家已經(jīng)出臺了一系列有關(guān)西部地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施。
4.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;財(cái)富,錢財(cái)
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①By means of the Internet, we can get all kinds of information.
②Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
a means of　　　 一種……方式
by all means 盡一切辦法;務(wù)必;當(dāng)然
by means of 借助;依靠
by no means/not by any means決不,一點(diǎn)兒也不(置于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝)
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/句式升級
①Watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
②He got into the house by means of an open window.
③As we know, television is an effective means (mean) of communication.
④Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.
→By no means is punishment a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.(部分倒裝)
5.arise vi.(arose,arisen)發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);(由……)引起,(因……)產(chǎn)生;起立;起身
教材原文　As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.　然而,隨著這一技術(shù)不斷迅速發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了如何合理使用它的問題。
感知　語言先輸入
①The problem between you arises from lack of communication, so you need to talk it over face to face.(建議信)
②As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
記牢　知識再梳理
arise from/out of　　　 由……引起;起因于
arise from 從……上站起來
[巧學(xué)助記]圖解rise/arise/raise
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①A number of high buildings have arisen (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
②Now a team of researchers has found how and why this trend arose (arise).
③As more and more people travel abroad,it’s natural that various problems will arise.
隨著越來越多的人出國旅游,自然會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的問題。
④Can we begin by discussing matters arising from the last meeting
我們可以先討論上次會(huì)議產(chǎn)生的問題嗎
6.restrict vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束　·restriction n.限制;限制條件　·restricted adj.受限制的;受約束的　·restrictive adj.限制性的;約束的
教材原文　Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases 　我們是否應(yīng)該將這種技術(shù)的應(yīng)用局限于疾病的治療和預(yù)防
感知　語言先輸入
①On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
②The physician restricts himself to one cup of coffee a day.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)restrict...to...　　　　 把……限制/限定在……
sth is restricted to sb 某事僅限于某人
(2)impose/place a restriction on sth 對某事實(shí)行限制
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①They had decided to restrict university entry to about 30 percent of applicants.
②For the next two weeks, patients will be restricted (restrict) to the grounds.
③Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some restrictions (restrict) on funding were necessary.
④Education should not be restricted to any one specific age group.
教育不應(yīng)限制在任何特定的年齡群體上。
7.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)阻止,禁止;使不可能　·prohibition n.禁止;禁令
教材原文　Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我們是否應(yīng)該禁止遺傳學(xué)家使用它來使健康的身體更加強(qiáng)健
感知　語言先輸入
①The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.
②Tourists are prohibited from smoking and littering in scenic spots.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
prohibit doing sth 禁止做某事
(2)a/the prohibition on/against ……的禁令/禁止
[知識延伸]　禁止某人做某事:
ban sb from doing sth
forbid sb from doing sth
forbid sb to do sth
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
①It was the bad weather that prohibited their going (go)to the science museum.
②The high cost of the machine prohibits itself from being widely used.
③There is a prohibition(prohibit) against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18.
④Some people think that it’s necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.
→Some people think that it’s necessary to prohibit people from using mobile phones in some places.
片段鞏固(保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物) 用affect;relate;means;arise;restrict;prohibit完成片段
　　兩天前,兩家公司舉行了一次會(huì)議,以幫助保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物免受人類的影響。他們討論了一些與人與動(dòng)物之間以及限制進(jìn)入野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)有關(guān)的措施,但他們的分歧由合同中禁止非法狩獵的條款引起。最終,兩家公司通過談判達(dá)成了協(xié)議。 The two companies held a meeting to help protect wildlife from 1.being affected(被動(dòng)) by humans two days ago. They discussed some measures 2.which are related to(定語從句) between humans and animals and 3.restricted access to(并列謂語) parts of the wildlife reserve,but their disagreement 4.arose from(謂語) an item,5.a prohibition against(名詞作同位語) illegal hunting, in the contract.Finally,the two companies reached an agreement 6.by means of(介詞短語) negotiation.
短語句式通關(guān)
1.wrestle with 努力處理,全力解決
教材原文　Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.
哲學(xué)家、遺傳學(xué)家和政府官員都已開始全力解決這樣的道德問題。
感知　語言先輸入
①She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem.
②It’s better to let the learners wrestle with the materials on their own rather than offer assistances at the start.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)wrestle to do sth　　 想方設(shè)法做某事
wrestle with sth 奮力對付, 解決某事
wrestle with sb 與某人摔跤
(2)wrestling n. 摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)
(3)wrestler n. 摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We have had to wrestle with the big challenges and have come to some ideas of where the answers lie.
②Both of the wrestlers (wrestle) tried to defeat the opponent with all their strength.
③Tom set on people to persuade him to wrestle with the famous wrestler.
湯姆安排人去勸他和那個(gè)著名的摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員去摔跤。
2.without doubt 毫無疑問,的確
教材原文　Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.　毫無疑問,基因組編輯是科學(xué)史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。
感知　語言先輸入
①This meeting has been,without doubt,one of the most useful we have had so far.
②This was without doubt the most interesting situation that Amanda had ever found herself in.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in doubt　　　　　　　　 不確定,拿不準(zhǔn)
There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
(2)doubt about... 懷疑……
doubt whether/if... 懷疑是否……
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①There is no doubt that she has the makings of a successful journalist.
②People doubt whether/if he can win the election for manager.
③毫無疑問,中國會(huì)變得越來越強(qiáng)大。
→There is no doubt that China will become more and more powerful.
→China will become more and more powerful without doubt.
3.句型公式:make it+adj./n.(+for sb)to do sth
教材原文　Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最終,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預(yù)防疾病。
感知　語言先輸入
①M(fèi)achines make it possible that people do more work with less energy.
②The deep snow made it difficult for him to go any further.(環(huán)境描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
“make+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu):make it+adj./n.(+for sb)to do sth,其中it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語。常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有:think,consider,find,feel等。
(1)make+it+ adj./n.+that從句
(2)make+it+ adj./n.+to do 不定式
(3)make+it+no good/no use...+doing sth
[名師點(diǎn)津]　一些動(dòng)詞短語后面也常用it作形式賓語然后接真正的賓語從句,常見的動(dòng)詞短語有:depend on,rely on,see to等。
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①She made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
②People in the west make it a rule to buy(buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
③He is stubborn, which makes it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it.
④I think it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
我認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的。
⑤You can depend on it that all of us will stand by you all the time.
你放心好了,我們大家都會(huì)一直支持你的。
4.句型公式:without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句
教材原文　Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會(huì)像失控的汽車一樣危險(xiǎn)。
感知　語言先輸入
①Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
②Without/But for your help, I couldn’t have improved my Chinese so rapidly in such a short time.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)without引導(dǎo)的狀語可用來表示一種假設(shè),表示與實(shí)際情況相反,這種條件稱為含蓄條件,也可換成if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句。
(2)在這種含蓄條件的句式中,句子謂語動(dòng)詞的變化如下:
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might+have done
與將來事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Without electricity, we would be living (live) in darkness now.
②If I had read the book, I would/should/could/might have told(tell) you about it.
③Without your ticket,I wouldn’t be able to enjoy the concert tomorrow.
沒有你的票的話,我就不能欣賞明天的音樂會(huì)了。
④But for the old man’s support, he would not have completed his studies.
要不是這位老人的資助,他就不會(huì)完成他的學(xué)業(yè)。
片段鞏固(限制孩子玩電腦游戲) 用wrestle with;without doubt;make it+adj./n.(+for sb) to do sth;without引導(dǎo)的含蓄條件句完成片段
　　限制孩子玩電腦游戲無疑是有益的。專家們付出了巨大的努力,以使解決這個(gè)問題變得更容易。但這需要父母的合作,沒有父母,許多項(xiàng)目就無法開展。 Restricting children to playing computer games is beneficial 1.without doubt(狀語). Experts pay a lot to 2.make it easier to wrestle with (make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)) the problem.But this requires the cooperation of parents, 3.without whom(without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句) many programs cannot be carried out.
高考熱點(diǎn)微練
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①The disease affects many different organs of the body.v.(疾病)侵襲
②The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.vi.收縮
③She related how he had run away from home as a boy.v.敘述;講述
④The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner.vt.歸還(失物、贓款等)
⑤The government hopes the court will announce its findings before the end of the month.n.判決
2.選出arise的漢語意思
A.v.引起　B.v.起身　C.v.起床　D.v.出現(xiàn)
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.B
②New problems will arise one after another in the future.D
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.C
④The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.A
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運(yùn)用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.In this box are some stem cells(細(xì)胞) that are urgently needed by a patient.
2.All the findings had proved that the virus(病毒) was not directly linked to the bats.
3.It is universally acknowledged that it is illegal to restrict(限制) people’s freedom.
4.The girl deleted(刪除) some important information by mistake the other day.
5.He spends too much time on maths,and this,without doubt,affects(影響) the progress of his other subjects.
6.You cannot legally take possession of the property until the contract / k ntr kt/ is signed.
7.I’d like to make an appointment with the dentist / dent st/ to have my bad teeth pulled out.
8.Over the years we have had several heated debates about future policy.
9.She has been under great stress recently and that may account for her abnormal behaviour.
10.As a surgeon, I cannot afford any mistakes; it would be dangerous for the patient.
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.At break,Mr.Green got down to dealing with the matters arising(arise) from his company.
2.The resistance(resist) to vaccine(疫苗) has continued for decades,and it is driven by a real but very small risk.
3.We call on the people related(relate) to the case to handle the tough problem by joint efforts.
4.Each product has a number for easy identification(identify).
5.Clearly,dropping this restriction(restrict) would allow the other species to recover.
6.Genes determine the characteristics(characteristic) of every living thing.
7.He went his own way and became a professional wrestler(wrestle).
8.Now we specialize (special) in information security of Internet users in China and its security work.
9.A child needs parental care, affection (affect) and guidance to find the right direction in life.
10.Hurrying to send my 11-year-old daughter to school,I made a right turn at a red light where it was prohibited(prohibit).
Ⅲ.短語情景運(yùn)用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
depend on,be restricted to,without doubt, wrestle with, put in place,specialize in
1.Even though many people now know about tea culture, Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
2.The number of students per class is restricted to 10 so that each can receive one-on-one tuition.
3.Whether we need more food depends on how many people turn up.
4.He is a university professor who specializes in the history of the Russian empire.
5.What he liked to do was to take an idea and wrestle with it by finding every possible consequence.
6.With more effective measures put in place, air pollution in the city has been brought under control.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(xùn)(每小題2分,共8分)
1.The new technology will make it possible to grow food with very little water.(make it+adj./n.+to do sth)
這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)使用很少的水來種植糧食的目標(biāo)。
2.As time went by,she became more and more worried.(as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)
隨著時(shí)間的流逝, 她變得越來越焦慮。
3.As we all know/As is well known, China is a developing country.(as非限制性定語從句)
眾所周知,中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。
4.There is still some doubt whether the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.(doubt)
對于秋季運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)在我們學(xué)校舉行我們還有些懷疑。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia (癡呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine (November,2022). After 18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo (安慰劑). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimer’s called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates (積累) in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimer’s, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為Lecanemab的新藥在減緩阿爾茨海默病的病情發(fā)展方面的作用,并詳細(xì)說明了其臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和局限性。
1.What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A.The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimer’s.
B.The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
C.All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
D.It took 18 months to make the new drug.
答案　C　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who...the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”可知,我們可以從前兩段中了解到并非所有參與者都服用了這種新藥。故選C。]
2.The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by 　　　　.
A.illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B.making comparisons between two groups of participants
C.describing how immune-system works in detail
D.quoting the comments of other scientists
答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates...the development of the disease.”可知,作者通過說明藥物與患者腦內(nèi)淀粉樣蛋白的相互作用來說明新藥的有效性。故選A。]
3.Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A.It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B.It needs to be further tested before its launch.
C.It costs too much for ordinary families.
D.It can cause some side-effects.
答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also...in a number of participants.”可知,新藥會(huì)引起一些副作用,這是其缺點(diǎn)。故選D。]
4.What does the author think of Lecanemab
A.Reliable. B.Groundbreaking.
C.Promising. D.Risky.
答案　C　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Now that the new drug has...for more good news soon.”可推知,作者認(rèn)為Lecanemab是有希望的。故選C。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Simone is sitting in front of me and crying.She looks away, embarrassed.“Sorry, doctor,” she says, “I shouldn’t be 　1　 your time like this.” At that moment, though, I can’t think of anyone 　2　 who is more deserving of my time.Many of my patients are in desperate 　3　 not just because of ill health but because of their 　4　 problems.
As any doctor can tell you, poverty and illnesses are closely 　5　.But coming face to face with poverty in the form of Simone is 　6　.She experiences poverty on a scale that I cannot comprehend.Each week, 　7　 her rent and electricity are paid,she has just $20 left to live on.From this she has to buy food, clothes,travel and pay all other 　8　.
Simone is　9　 that her daughter will have every opportunity in life and searches charity shops for books for her daughter.Six months ago, 　10　, Simone was involved in a road traffic accident and this seems to have been the final straw.She slid into depression and, although she 　11　 to work,began to feel that life was not worth living any more.She went to GP who then 　12　 her to me to see what help I could give.The referral letter from the GP had suggested that I might prescribe a suitable pill, but it is a 　13　 truth that there is no pill that can make Simone’s situation better.
But today Simone is sitting and crying not because of the bad situation.She is crying because she is overwhelmed by a stranger’s 　14　.One of the administration staff in the outpatient clinic has just won a $20 Marks and Spencer voucher and given it to Simone on a whim so she could 　15　 her daughter, who often plays in the department while her mother sees me.That sudden,impulsive act of kindness and generosity from a stranger has made all the difference to Simone.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章以一位醫(yī)生的口吻,主要講述了一位名叫Simone的患者在貧窮和意外等困境中艱難求生撫養(yǎng)女兒,接受作者的醫(yī)療幫助和工作人員的善意資助的故事。
1.A.mounting up B.taking up
C.summing up D.brightening up
答案　B　[由后文“deserving of my time”可知,雖然Simone認(rèn)為她在占據(jù)作者的時(shí)間,可作者認(rèn)為這是值得的,此處應(yīng)該用“take up”表示占據(jù)時(shí)間,故選B。]
2.A.only B.instead
C.rather D.else
答案　D　[這里意指作者不認(rèn)為還有任何其他人可以比她更值得占用作者的時(shí)間,故選D。 ]
3.A.trend B.complaint
C.need D.anxiety
答案　C　[由后文可知他們的疾病和貧窮使他們迫切需要幫助,因此這里應(yīng)用“in desperate need”表示急需,故選C。]
4.A.domestic B.financial
C.severe D.physical
答案　B　[后文的“poverty and illnesses”與此空相呼應(yīng),表示貧窮與疾病是病人的兩大負(fù)擔(dān),貧窮也就是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的困難,用“financial problems”代指,故選B。]
5.A.examined B.joined
C.linked D.restricted
答案　C　[“be closely linked”為固定搭配,表示緊密聯(lián)系,此處表示疾病和貧窮息息相關(guān),故選C。]
6.A.disturbing B.warning
C.fueling D.abusing
答案　A　[這里意指以Simone的境遇面對貧窮是讓人不安、困擾的,因?yàn)閺暮笪目芍猄imone的貧窮狀況是作者難以理解的,故選A。]
7.A.until B.since
C.before D.after
答案　D　[這里意思是在繳納完租金和電費(fèi)之后只剩20美金,所以這里應(yīng)該使用“after”,故選D。]
8.A.bills B.taxes
C.discounts D.sponsors
答案　A　[根據(jù)上文“From this she has to buy food, clothes, travel and pay all other”可知,她只能用剩下的20美金去買吃的、衣服、交通以及支付其他的賬單,“bills”有賬單的意思,故選A。]
9.A.opposed B.determined
C.committed D.recognized
答案　B　[此處指讓她的女兒擁有一切機(jī)會(huì)是她決心想要做到的事情,用“determined”表示對未來的決心,故選B。]
10.A.afterwards B.therefore
C.however D.moreover
答案　C　[這里指當(dāng)她對女兒的未來想要做出自己的努力時(shí),不幸卻發(fā)生了。表轉(zhuǎn)折,用“however”,故選C。]
11.A.denied B.withdrew
C.continued D.stopped
答案　C　[前面有“although”,表示這句話有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,所以此處應(yīng)該與前文“slid into depression”形成反差,應(yīng)該是指繼續(xù)工作,所以用“continued”,故選C。]
12.A.mentioned B.referred
C.distributed D.adjusted
答案　B　[固定搭配“refer A to B”表示把A推薦給B,這里意思是把Simone推薦給作者,與后文“The referral letter”相呼應(yīng),故選B。]
13.A.limited B.sad
C.ripe D.global
答案　B　[根據(jù)后文可知,沒有藥物能夠改善Simone的狀況,“a sad truth”表示一個(gè)悲傷的事實(shí),故選B。]
14.A.disability B.poverty
C.kindness D.suggestion
答案　C　[此處表示一個(gè)陌生人的善良或慷慨饋贈(zèng),與文章最后一句中“kindness and generosity”相呼應(yīng),故選C。]
15.A.amuse B.handle
C.affect D.treat
答案　D　[此處表示有了這位陌生人給的20美金,Simone就可以好好招待她的女兒了,故選D。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關(guān)鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:Alzheimer’s n.阿爾茨海默癥　Lecanemab n.阿爾茨海默癥治療藥物　amyloid n.淀粉樣蛋白　scale n.規(guī)模,范圍,程度　完形填空:prescribe v.給……開(藥);讓……采用(療法)　impulsive adj.易沖動(dòng)的
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:clinical trial臨床試驗(yàn)　attach itself to依附于　完形填空:be involved in參與,涉及　the administration staff行政人員
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:announcement熟義:n.公告,布告,通告　生義:n.宣布,宣稱 It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimer’s. 人們很容易對宣稱能減緩阿爾茨海默癥進(jìn)展的藥物表示懷疑。 Announcement of the verdict was accompanied by shouts and cheers. 在一片喊叫和歡呼聲中宣布了判決。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. [譯文]　一些專家對用于顯示癥狀改善的測試是否具有臨床意義提出質(zhì)疑,因?yàn)榈矸蹣拥鞍字荒芙柚嘿F的設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢測,而這不是能被輕易納入常規(guī)程序的事項(xiàng)。 [分析]　本句是復(fù)合句,主句是Some experts question...,其中whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。(共105張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points
內(nèi)
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點(diǎn)突破
課時(shí)測評作業(yè)
必 備 知 識 自 測
1.　　　　　　 /sel/ n.細(xì)胞
2.　　　　　　 / bi / n.生物;存在;身心
3.　　　　　　 /k n tr kt/ vt.感染(疾病);與……訂立合同(或契約) / k ntr kt/n.合同,合約
4.　　　　　　 / va r s/ n.病毒;(計(jì)算機(jī)程序中的) 病毒
5.　　　　　　 / k ns (r)/ n.癌癥;邪惡,毒瘤
[核心單詞·練通]
cell
being
contract
virus
cancer
6.　　　　　　 /mi nz/ n.(pl.　　　　　　　　) 方法,方式;財(cái)富,錢財(cái)
7.　　　　　　/d li t/ vt.刪去,刪除
8.　　　　　　 / wep n/ n.武器,手段;兵器
9.　　　　　　 /pe s/ n.發(fā)生的速度,節(jié)奏;步速;快節(jié)奏 vi.& vt.來回踱步,走來走去;確定速度,調(diào)整節(jié)奏
means
means
delete
weapon
pace
10.　　　　　　 / ra z/ vi.(　　　　　　　　　,　　　　 　　)
發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);(由……)引起,(因……)產(chǎn)生
11.　　　　　　 /flu / n.流行性感冒,流感
12.　　　　　　 / fa nd / n.調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)研結(jié)果
arise
arose
arisen
flu
finding
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　 / s d n/ n.外科醫(yī)生→surgery n.外科手術(shù)
2.　　　　　　/ kem st/ n.藥劑師,藥商;化學(xué)家→chemical adj.化學(xué)的→chemically adv.化學(xué)地→chemistry n.化學(xué)
3.　　　　　　 / spe la z/ (also　　　　　　　　　) vi.專門研究(或從事),專攻→special adj.特殊的,特別的;有專門目的的,起專門作用的→specially adv.專門地,特意;格外,特別→specialist n.專家;專科醫(yī)生
surgeon
chemist
specialize
specialise
4.　　　　　　 / fekt/ vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動(dòng)→affection n.感情;愛情;喜愛;鐘愛
5.　　　　　　 /a dent fa / vt.找到,發(fā)現(xiàn);確認(rèn),認(rèn)出;顯示,說明身份→identification n.識別,辨認(rèn);身份證明→identity n.身份;特征;相同,一致
6.　　　　　　 /r le t/ vi.& vt.聯(lián)系,使有聯(lián)系;敘述,講述→related adj.相關(guān)的,有聯(lián)系的→relation n.關(guān)系,聯(lián)系;親戚→relative n.親戚,親屬 adj.相比較而言的,相關(guān)聯(lián)的→relationship n.關(guān)系
affect
identify
relate
7.　　　　　　 /r st (r)/ vt.恢復(fù);修復(fù);使復(fù)原,使復(fù)位→restoration n.恢復(fù);修復(fù)
8.　　　　　　 / b n ml/ adj.反常的,畸形的→normal adj.正常的 n.常態(tài);通常標(biāo)準(zhǔn)→normally adv.一般地;正常地
9.　　　　　　 /r str kt/ vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束→restricted adj.(大小或者數(shù)量)有限的;(指能做的事)有限的,受限制的→restriction n.限制規(guī)定,限制法規(guī);限制,約束→restrictive adj.限制性的,約束的
restore
abnormal
restrict
10.　　　　　　 /pr h b t/ vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→ prohibition n.禁止;禁令
11.　　　　　　 /r z st ns/ n.抵抗力;抵制,反對;抵抗,反抗→resist vi.& vt.抵制;反抗;忍住;抗(傷害)→resistant adj.抵抗的,有抵抗力的
12.　　　　　　 /ra p/ adj.成熟的;時(shí)機(jī)成熟的→ripen v.(使)成熟
prohibit
resistance
ripe
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.dentist / dent st/ n. 　　　　　　　
2.gene /d i n/ n. 　　　　　　　
3.game－changing / ɡe m t e nd / adj.
　　　　　 　　
4.genome / d i n m/ n. 　　　　　　　
5.lifespan / la fsp n/ n. 　　　　　　　
6.ultimately / lt m tli/ adv. 　　　　　　　
7.wrestle / resl/ vi.& vt. 　　　 　　　　
牙科醫(yī)生
基因
改變游戲規(guī)則的(指徹底改變事態(tài)發(fā)展的)
基因組,染色體組
壽命,有效期
最終;根本上
奮力對付,努力處理;摔跤
[重點(diǎn)短語·再現(xiàn)]
1.　　　　　　　　 涉及,與……相關(guān)
2.　　　　　　　 　 禁止某人做某事
3.　　　　　　　　 努力處理,全力解決
4.　　　　　　　　 準(zhǔn)備就緒
5.　　　　　　　　 毫無疑問,的確
6.　　　 　　　　　 對某人有利
relate to
prohibit sb from doing sth
wrestle with
put sth in place
without doubt
to one’s advantage
7.play a role in 　　　　 　　　　　　　
8.shape one’s life 　　　　　　 　
9.depend on 　　　　　　　
10.apply...to... 　　　　　　　
11.a wide range of 　　　　　　　
在……方面起作用
塑造某人的生活
依靠,依賴
把……應(yīng)用到……上
各種各樣的
[典型句式·默背]
根據(jù)課文語境及漢語提示補(bǔ)全句子
1.[句型公式]　make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb)to do sth
[教材原句]　Ultimately, this new technology might even
　　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最終,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預(yù)防疾病。
make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing
2.[句型公式]　without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會(huì)像失控的汽車一樣危險(xiǎn)。
Without them
核 心 考 點(diǎn) 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點(diǎn)微練
短語句式通關(guān)
核心單詞練透
1.affect vt.影響;侵襲,使感染;深深打動(dòng) 　·affection n.喜愛　
·effect n.影響;效應(yīng)
教材原文　It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases.
它(基因組)還包含了有助于決定我們的壽命長短和影響我們患某些疾病概率的信息。
感知　語言先輸入
①However,when a cat is looking for affection,they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.(2024·全國甲卷)
②AI will affect us all,and if you only read one book on the subject,this is it.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)be affected by　　 受……的影響;被……感動(dòng)
be affected with 感染……疾病
(2)have an effect/influence on 對……產(chǎn)生影響
[名師點(diǎn)津]　“被深深地感動(dòng)”的表達(dá):
be deeply moved;be deeply touched;be deeply affected
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those whose lives 　　　　　　　　(affect).
②Affected 　　　　　　his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
③From then on, we began a relationship that gradually transformed into a great friendship and deep 　　　　　　(affect).
were affected
by
affection
④我們想知道這種藥物是否對人們的健康有影響。
→We want to know whether the drug 　　　　　　　　　　.(affect)
→We want to know whether the drug 　 　　　　　　　　 　.
(effect)
affects people’s health
has an effect on people’s health
2.identify vt.找到,發(fā)現(xiàn);確認(rèn),認(rèn)出;顯示,說明身份
·identification n.確認(rèn);身份證明　·identity n.身份;特性
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①...when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
②First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system.(2022·北京卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)identify...as... 確認(rèn),證明……;鑒別出……
be identified with sb/sth 支持;與……有密切關(guān)聯(lián)
identify oneself 證明自己的身份
(2)identification card 身份證(identity card);標(biāo)識卡
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①The police asked him to show his identity card _________________ (identify) whether he was the attacker.
②The ship 　　　　　　　　　　　 (identify) yesterday,and its name and position were reported to the Coast Guard.
③The 　　　　　　(identify) of the plane crash victims was a long and difficult task.
to identify
was identified
identification
④Finally,people could 　　　　　　　　　　　 online and have to stand behind their words.
最終人們將在網(wǎng)上建立自己的身份, 為自己的言行負(fù)責(zé)。
identify themselves
3.relate vt.& vi.聯(lián)系,使有聯(lián)系;敘述,講述　
·related adj.相關(guān)的,有聯(lián)系的 ·relation n.關(guān)系,聯(lián)系;親戚　
·relative n.親戚,親屬 adj.相比較而言的,比較的;相對的,相關(guān)聯(lián)的　
·relationship n.關(guān)系
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①The reasons relate to a variety of factors,including reduced concentration,an entertainment mindset (心態(tài)) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)
②Second, they must work out how they relate to each other.
(2022·北京卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)relate to　　　　　 涉及,與……相關(guān)
relate A to B 把A和B聯(lián)系起來
relate sth to sb 給某人講某事
(2)be related to 與……有關(guān)/有聯(lián)系
(3)in/with relation to 關(guān)于,涉及;相對……而言
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①You can identify the clues to the answer if you relate the results _______________the causes.
②They are anxious to develop friendly 　　　　　　(relate) with their neighboring countries.
③Paper－cutting 　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　of China,and has a history of more than 1,500 years.
剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史,與中國的傳統(tǒng)文化緊密聯(lián)系在一起。
to
relations
is closely related to the traditional culture
④The state has staged a series of policy measures_________________ western region development.
國家已經(jīng)出臺了一系列有關(guān)西部地區(qū)發(fā)展的政策措施。
in/with relation to
4.means n.(pl.means)方法,方式;財(cái)富,錢財(cái)
教材原文　Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention.
遺傳學(xué)家一直試圖找出哪些基因與哪些疾病有關(guān),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為基因組編輯是治療和預(yù)防疾病的一種有效手段。
感知　語言先輸入
①By means of the Internet, we can get all kinds of information.
②Moreover,having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
a means of　　　 一種……方式
by all means 盡一切辦法;務(wù)必;當(dāng)然
by means of 借助;依靠
by no means/not by any means
決不,一點(diǎn)兒也不(置于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝)
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/句式升級
①Watching films is regarded as 　　　　 　　good means of entertainment.
②He got into the house 　　　　　　　　　　　 means of an open window.
③As we know, television is an effective 　　　　　　(mean) of communication.
a
by
means
④Punishment is by no means a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.
→　　　　　　　　 punishment a wise choice to help children grow up mentally and physically.(部分倒裝)
By no means is
5.arise vi.(arose,arisen)發(fā)生,出現(xiàn);(由……)引起,(因……)產(chǎn)生;起立;
起身
教材原文　As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it appropriately.　然而,隨著這一技術(shù)不斷迅速發(fā)展,出現(xiàn)了如何合理使用它的問題。
感知　語言先輸入
①The problem between you arises from lack of communication, so you need to talk it over face to face.(建議信)
②As is known to all, emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.
記牢　知識再梳理
arise from/out of　　　 由……引起;起因于
arise from 從……上站起來
[巧學(xué)助記] 圖解rise/arise/raise
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①A number of high buildings 　　　　　　(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
②Now a team of researchers has found how and why this trend _________________(arise).
③As more and more people travel abroad,it’s natural that
　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
隨著越來越多的人出國旅游,自然會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的問題。
have arisen
arose
various problems will arise
④Can we begin by discussing matters 　　　　　　　　　　　 　
我們可以先討論上次會(huì)議產(chǎn)生的問題嗎
arising from the last meeting
6.restrict vt.限制,限定;束縛,妨礙;約束,管束　
·restriction n.限制;限制條件 ·restricted adj.受限制的;受約束的　
·restrictive adj.限制性的;約束的
教材原文　Should we restrict our use of this technology to the treatment and prevention of diseases 　
我們是否應(yīng)該將這種技術(shù)的應(yīng)用局限于疾病的治療和預(yù)防
感知　語言先輸入
①On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.
②The physician restricts himself to one cup of coffee a day.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)restrict...to...　　　　 把……限制/限定在……
sth is restricted to sb 某事僅限于某人
(2)impose/place a restriction on sth 對某事實(shí)行限制
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①They had decided to restrict university entry 　　　　　　about 30 percent of applicants.
②For the next two weeks, patients will 　　　　　　(restrict) to the grounds.
③Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some _________________(restrict) on funding were necessary.
to
be restricted
restrictions
④Education should not 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
教育不應(yīng)限制在任何特定的年齡群體上。
be restricted to any one specific age group
7.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)阻止,禁止;使不可能　
·prohibition n.禁止;禁令
教材原文　Should we prohibit geneticists from using it to enhance healthy bodies
我們是否應(yīng)該禁止遺傳學(xué)家使用它來使健康的身體更加強(qiáng)健
感知　語言先輸入
①The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.
②Tourists are prohibited from smoking and littering in scenic spots.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)prohibit sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事
prohibit doing sth 禁止做某事
(2)a/the prohibition on/against ……的禁令/禁止
[知識延伸]　禁止某人做某事:
ban sb from doing sth
forbid sb from doing sth
forbid sb to do sth
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
①It was the bad weather that prohibited their 　　　　　　(go)to the science museum.
②The high cost of the machine prohibits itself 　　　 　　　being widely used.
③There is a 　　　　　　(prohibit) against selling alcohol to people under the age of 18.
going
from
prohibition
④Some people think that it’s necessary to keep people from using mobile phones in some places.
→Some people think that it’s necessary to 　　　　　　　　　　　
using mobile phones in some places.
prohibit people from
片段鞏固 用vital;commit;acknowledge;defeat;insist完成人物描
　　兩天前,兩家公司舉行了一次會(huì)議,以幫助保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物免受人類的影響。他們討論了一些與人與動(dòng)物之間以及限制進(jìn)入野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)有關(guān)的措施,但他們的分歧由合同中禁止非法狩獵的條款引起。最終,兩家公司通過談判達(dá)成了協(xié)議。
The two companies held a meeting to help protect wildlife from 1.__________________(被動(dòng)) by humans two days ago. They discussed some measures 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　(定語從句) between humans and animals and 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　(并列謂語) parts of the wildlife reserve,but their disagreement 4.______________ (謂語) an item,5.　　　 　　　　　　　(名詞作同位語) illegal hunting, in the contract.Finally,the two companies reached an agreement 6.　　　　　　　　(介詞短語) negotiation.
being affected
which are related to
restricted access to
arose from
a prohibition against
by means of
1.wrestle with 努力處理,全力解決
教材原文　Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues.　
哲學(xué)家、遺傳學(xué)家和政府官員都已開始全力解決這樣的道德問題。
感知　語言先輸入
①She had spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem.
②It’s better to let the learners wrestle with the materials on their own rather than offer assistances at the start.
短語句式通關(guān)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)wrestle to do sth　　 想方設(shè)法做某事
wrestle with sth 奮力對付, 解決某事
wrestle with sb 與某人摔跤
(2)wrestling n. 摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)
(3)wrestler n. 摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①We have had to wrestle 　　　　　　the big challenges and have come to some ideas of where the answers lie.
②Both of the 　　　　　　(wrestle) tried to defeat the opponent with all their strength.
③Tom set on people to persuade him to________________________
___________________________.
湯姆安排人去勸他和那個(gè)著名的摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員去摔跤。
with
wrestlers
wrestle with the famous
wrestler
2.without doubt 毫無疑問,的確
教材原文　Without doubt, genome editing is one of the greatest inventions in the history of science.　
毫無疑問,基因組編輯是科學(xué)史上最偉大的發(fā)明之一。
感知　語言先輸入
①This meeting has been,without doubt,one of the most useful we have had so far.
②This was without doubt the most interesting situation that Amanda had ever found herself in.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in doubt　　　　　　　　 不確定,拿不準(zhǔn)
There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問……
(2)doubt about... 懷疑……
doubt whether/if... 懷疑是否……
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①There is no doubt 　　　　　　she has the makings of a successful journalist.
②People doubt 　　　　　　he can win the election for manager.
③毫無疑問,中國會(huì)變得越來越強(qiáng)大。
→　　　　　　　　　　　 China will become more and more powerful.
→China will become more and more powerful 　　　　　　　　　.
that
whether/if
There is no doubt that
without doubt
3.句型公式:make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb)to do sth
教材原文　Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible to prevent diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on.
最終,這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)甚至有可能通過及早修正異常基因來預(yù)防疾病。
感知　語言先輸入
①M(fèi)achines make it possible that people do more work with less energy.
②The deep snow made it difficult for him to go any further.(環(huán)境描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
“make＋it＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu):make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb)to do sth,其中it作形式賓語,而真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式短語。常用于這種句型的動(dòng)詞還有:think,consider,find,feel等。
(1)make＋it＋ adj./n.＋that從句
(2)make＋it＋ adj./n.＋to do 不定式
(3)make＋it＋no good/no use...＋doing sth
[名師點(diǎn)津]　一些動(dòng)詞短語后面也常用it作形式賓語然后接真正的賓語從句,常見的動(dòng)詞短語有:depend on,rely on,see to等。
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①She made it clear to me 　　　　　　she wished to make a new life for herself.
②People in the west make it a rule 　　　　　　　　　　　 (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
③He is stubborn, which makes it no use 　　　　　　(quarrel) with him about it.
that
to buy
quarrelling
④I 　　　　　　　　　　　 finish the work in such a short time.
我認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的。
⑤You can 　　　　　　　　　　　 all of us will stand by you all the time.
你放心好了,我們大家都會(huì)一直支持你的。
think it impossible to
depend on it that
4.句型公式:without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句
教材原文　Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous as a car out of control.
沒有它們,基因組編輯可能會(huì)像失控的汽車一樣危險(xiǎn)。
感知　語言先輸入
①Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now.
②Without/But for your help, I couldn’t have improved my Chinese so rapidly in such a short time.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)without引導(dǎo)的狀語可用來表示一種假設(shè),表示與實(shí)際情況相反,這種條件稱為含蓄條件,也可換成if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句。
(2)在這種含蓄條件的句式中,句子謂語動(dòng)詞的變化如下:
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might＋have done
與將來事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞用would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形
運(yùn)用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①Without electricity, we 　　　　　　　　 (live) in darkness now.
②If I had read the book, I would/should/could/might ______________ (tell) you about it.
③Without your ticket,I 　　　　　　　　　　　 enjoy the concert tomorrow.
沒有你的票的話,我就不能欣賞明天的音樂會(huì)了。
would be living
have told
wouldn’t be able to
④But for the old man’s support, he ____________________________
his studies.
要不是這位老人的資助,他就不會(huì)完成他的學(xué)業(yè)。
would not have completed
片段鞏固(限制孩子玩電腦游戲)
用wrestle with;without doubt;make it＋adj./n.(＋for sb) to do sth;without引導(dǎo)的含蓄條件句完成片段
　　限制孩子玩電腦游戲無疑是有益的。專家們付出了巨大的努力,以使解決這個(gè)問題變得更容易。但這需要父母的合作,沒有父母,許多項(xiàng)目就無法開展。
Restricting children to playing computer games is beneficial 1.___________________________________(狀語). Experts pay a lot to 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 (make＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ)) the problem.But this requires the cooperation of parents, 3.　　　　　　 　　(without引導(dǎo)含蓄條件句) many programs cannot be carried out.
without doubt
make it easier to wrestle with
without whom
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①The disease affects many different organs of the body.
　　　　　　　
②The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.　　　　　　　
③She related how he had run away from home as a boy.
　　 　　　　　
v.(疾病)侵襲
高考熱點(diǎn)微練
vi.收縮
v.敘述;講述
④The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner.
　　　　　 　　
⑤The government hopes the court will announce its findings before the end of the month.___________
vt.歸還(失物、贓款等)
n.判決
2.選出arise的漢語意思
A.v.引起　B.v.起身　C.v.起床　D.v.出現(xiàn)
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose from his chair immediately.　　
②New problems will arise one after another in the future.　　
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.　　
④The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.　　
B
D
C
A
課 時(shí) 測 評 作 業(yè)
基礎(chǔ)語境練
素能提升練
[基礎(chǔ)語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運(yùn)用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.In this box are some stem 　　　　　　　 (細(xì)胞) that are urgently needed by a patient.
2.All the findings had proved that the 　　　　　　 (病毒) was not directly linked to the bats.
3.It is universally acknowledged that it is illegal to ___________ (限制) people’s freedom.
cells
virus
restrict
4.The girl 　　　　　　(刪除) some important information by mistake the other day.
5.He spends too much time on maths,and this,without doubt, _______________ (影響) the progress of his other subjects.
6.You cannot legally take possession of the property until the _____________/ k ntr kt/ is signed.
7.I’d like to make an appointment with the _____________ / dent st/ to have my bad teeth pulled out.
deleted
affects
contract
dentist
8.Over the years we have had several heated d___________ about future policy.
9.She has been under great stress recently and that may account for her a　　　　　　 behaviour.
10.As a s　　　　　　, I cannot afford any mistakes; it would be dangerous for the patient.
ebates
bnormal
urgeon
Ⅱ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.At break,Mr.Green got down to dealing with the matters _________ (arise) from his company.
2.The 　　　　　(resist) to vaccine(疫苗) has continued for decades,and it is driven by a real but very small risk.
3.We call on the people 　　　　　　　 (relate) to the case to handle the tough problem by joint efforts.
arising
resistance
related
4.Each product has a number for easy _______________ (identify).
5.Clearly,dropping this 　　　　　　(restrict) would allow the other species to recover.
6.Genes determine the 　　　　　　　　　 (characteristic) of every living thing.
7.He went his own way and became a professional ________________ (wrestle).
identification
restriction
characteristics
wrestler
8.Now we 　　　　　　　　　　　　(special) in information security of Internet users in China and its security work.
9.A child needs parental care,　　　　　　　　　　 (affect) and guidance to find the right direction in life.
10.Hurrying to send my 11-year-old daughter to school,I made a right turn at a red light where it 　　　　　　　　　　　　(prohibit).
specialize
affection
was prohibited
Ⅲ.短語情景運(yùn)用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
depend on,be restricted to,without doubt, wrestle with, put in place,specialize in
1.Even though many people now know about tea culture, Chinese are 　　　　　　　　　　　 the ones who best understand the nature of tea.
2.The number of students per class ______________________ 10 so that each can receive one-on-one tuition.
without doubt
is restricted to
3.Whether we need more food 　　　　　　　　how many people turn up.
4.He is a university professor who 　　　　　　　　　　　 the history of the Russian empire.
5.What he liked to do was to take an idea and ____________________ it by finding every possible consequence.
6.With more effective measures 　　　　　　　　, air pollution in the city has been brought under control.
depends on
specializes in
wrestle with
put in place
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(xùn)(每小題2分,共8分)
1.The new technology will 　　　　　　　　　　　 with very little water.(make it+adj./n.+to do sth)
這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)使用很少的水來種植糧食的目標(biāo)。
2.　　　　　　　　　,she became more and more worried.
(as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)
隨著時(shí)間的流逝, 她變得越來越焦慮。
make it possible to grow food
As time went by
3.　　　 　　　　　　　　　, China is a developing country.(as非限制性定語從句)
眾所周知,中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。
4.　　　　　　　　　 　　 the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.(doubt)
對于秋季運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是否會(huì)在我們學(xué)校舉行我們還有些懷疑。
As we all know/As is well known
There is still some doubt whether
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia (癡呆). A new drug called Lecanemab, however, may be the real deal. Results of a clinical trial, conducted by its makers, Eisai, of Tokyo, and Biogen, of Cambridge Massachusetts, have just been announced in the New England Journal of Medicine (November,2022). After 18 months, it had slowed the progress of symptoms by a quarter.
The trial involved 1795 participants who were in the early stages of the illness. Half received the drug. The others, a placebo (安慰劑). It showed two things. One was the modest but measurable slowing of progression. The other was that an explanation of Alzheimer’s called the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.
Amyloid is a protein which accumulates (積累) in parts of the brains of those with Alzheimer’s, which is an established sign of the illness. Lecanemab, containing a special antibody, is found to be able to attach itself to amyloid and then attracts immune-system cells to clear the protein away (and measurably did so in those receiving the drug).That suggests amyloid does indeed directly create problems associated with dementia and that Lecanemab can slow down the development of the disease.
This is a small first step. Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program. Moreover, Lecanemab also caused swelling and bleeding of the brain in a number of participants. Now that the new drug has been shown to work, it can be followed up with further tests. Hope for more good news soon.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種名為Lecanemab的新藥在減緩阿爾茨海默病的病情發(fā)展方面的作用,并詳細(xì)說明了其臨床試驗(yàn)結(jié)果和局限性。
1.What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A.The public shows confidence in new drugs for Alzheimer’s.
B.The new drug had an obvious effect on the participants.
C.All participants didn’t receive the new drug.
D.It took 18 months to make the new drug.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The trial involved 1795 participants who...the Amyloid Hypothesis seems correct.”可知,我們可以從前兩段中了解到并非所有參與者都服用了這種新藥。故選C。
√
2.The author explains the effectiveness of the new drug by 　　　　.
A.illustrating how the drug interacts with amyloid in body
B.making comparisons between two groups of participants
C.describing how immune-system works in detail
D.quoting the comments of other scientists
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Amyloid is a protein which accumulates...the development of the disease.”可知,作者通過說明藥物與患者腦內(nèi)淀粉樣蛋白的相互作用來說明新藥的有效性。故選A。
√
3.Which of the following is a drawback of the new drug
A.It can’t be accessed easily in daily treatment.
B.It needs to be further tested before its launch.
C.It costs too much for ordinary families.
D.It can cause some side-effects.
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Moreover, Lecanemab also...in a number of participants.”可知,新藥會(huì)引起一些副作用,這是其缺點(diǎn)。故選D。
√
4.What does the author think of Lecanemab
A.Reliable. B.Groundbreaking.
C.Promising. D.Risky.
解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Now that the new drug has...for more good news soon.”可推知,作者認(rèn)為Lecanemab是有希望的。故選C。
√
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Simone is sitting in front of me and crying.She looks away, embarrassed.“Sorry, doctor,” she says, “I shouldn’t be 　1　 your time like this.” At that moment, though, I can’t think of anyone 　2　 who is more deserving of my time.Many of my patients are in desperate 　3　 not just because of ill health but because of their 　4　 problems.
As any doctor can tell you, poverty and illnesses are closely 　5　.But coming face to face with poverty in the form of Simone is 　6　.She experiences poverty on a scale that I cannot comprehend. Each week, 　7　 her rent and electricity are paid,she has just $20 left to live on.From this she has to buy food, clothes,travel and pay all other 　8　.
Simone is　9　 that her daughter will have every opportunity in life and searches charity shops for books for her daughter.Six months ago, 　10　, Simone was involved in a road traffic accident and this seems to have been the final straw.She slid into depression and, although she 　11　 to work,began to feel that life was not worth living any more.She went to GP who then 　12　 her to me to see what help I could give.The referral letter from the GP had suggested that I might prescribe a suitable pill, but it is a 　13　 truth that there is no pill that can make Simone’s situation better.
But today Simone is sitting and crying not because of the bad situation.She is crying because she is overwhelmed by a stranger’s 　14　.One of the administration staff in the outpatient clinic has just won a $20 Marks and Spencer voucher and given it to Simone on a whim so she could 　15　 her daughter, who often plays in the department while her mother sees me.That sudden,impulsive act of kindness and generosity from a stranger has made all the difference to Simone.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文。文章以一位醫(yī)生的口吻,主要講述了一位名叫Simone的患者在貧窮和意外等困境中艱難求生撫養(yǎng)女兒,接受作者的醫(yī)療幫助和工作人員的善意資助的故事。
1.A.mounting up B.taking up
C.summing up D.brightening up
解析　由后文“deserving of my time”可知,雖然Simone認(rèn)為她在占據(jù)作者的時(shí)間,可作者認(rèn)為這是值得的,此處應(yīng)該用“take up”表示占據(jù)時(shí)間,故選B。
√
2.A.only B.instead
C.rather D.else
解析　這里意指作者不認(rèn)為還有任何其他人可以比她更值得占用作者的時(shí)間,故選D。
3.A.trend B.complaint
C.need D.anxiety
解析　由后文可知他們的疾病和貧窮使他們迫切需要幫助,因此這里應(yīng)用“in desperate need”表示急需,故選C。
√
√
4.A.domestic B.financial C.severe D.physical
解析　后文的“poverty and illnesses”與此空相呼應(yīng),表示貧窮與疾病是病人的兩大負(fù)擔(dān),貧窮也就是經(jīng)濟(jì)上的困難,用“financial problems”代指,故選B。
5.A.examined B.joined C.linked D.restricted
解析　 “be closely linked”為固定搭配,表示緊密聯(lián)系,此處表示疾病和貧窮息息相關(guān),故選C。
√
√
6.A.disturbing B.warning
C.fueling D.abusing
解析　這里意指以Simone的境遇面對貧窮是讓人不安、困擾的,因?yàn)閺暮笪目芍猄imone的貧窮狀況是作者難以理解的,故選A。
7.A.until B.since
C.before D.after
解析　這里意思是在繳納完租金和電費(fèi)之后只剩20美金,所以這里應(yīng)該使用“after”,故選D。
√
√
8.A.bills B.taxes
C.discounts D.sponsors
解析　根據(jù)上文“From this she has to buy food, clothes, travel and pay all other”可知,她只能用剩下的20美金去買吃的、衣服、交通以及支付其他的賬單,“bills”有賬單的意思,故選A。
√
9.A.opposed B.determined
C.committed D.recognized
解析　此處指讓她的女兒擁有一切機(jī)會(huì)是她決心想要做到的事情,用“determined”表示對未來的決心,故選B。
10.A.afterwards B.therefore
C.however D.moreover
解析　這里指當(dāng)她對女兒的未來想要做出自己的努力時(shí),不幸卻發(fā)生了。表轉(zhuǎn)折,用“however”,故選C。
√
√
11.A.denied B.withdrew C.continued D.stopped
解析　前面有“although”,表示這句話有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義,所以此處應(yīng)該與前文“slid into depression”形成反差,應(yīng)該是指繼續(xù)工作,所以用“continued”,故選C。
12.A.mentioned B.referred C.distributed D.adjusted
解析　固定搭配“refer A to B”表示把A推薦給B,這里意思是把Simone推薦給作者,與后文“The referral letter”相呼應(yīng),故選B。
√
√
13.A.limited B.sad
C.ripe D.global
解析　根據(jù)后文可知,沒有藥物能夠改善Simone的狀況,“a sad truth”表示一個(gè)悲傷的事實(shí),故選B。
14.A.disability B.poverty
C.kindness D.suggestion
解析　此處表示一個(gè)陌生人的善良或慷慨饋贈(zèng),與文章最后一句中“kindness and generosity”相呼應(yīng),故選C。
√
√
15.A.amuse B.handle
C.affect D.treat
解析　此處表示有了這位陌生人給的20美金,Simone就可以好好招待她的女兒了,故選D。
√
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關(guān)鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:Alzheimer’s n.阿爾茨海默癥　Lecanemab n.阿爾茨海默癥治療藥物　amyloid n.淀粉樣蛋白　scale n.規(guī)模,范圍,程度　
完形填空:prescribe v.給……開(藥);讓……采用(療法)　
impulsive adj.易沖動(dòng)的
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:clinical trial臨床試驗(yàn)　attach itself to依附于　
完形填空:be involved in參與,涉及　the administration staff行政人員
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:announcement熟義:n.公告,布告,通告　
生義:n.宣布,宣稱
It is easy to be doubtful about announcements of drugs that claim to slow the progress of Alzheimer’s.
人們很容易對宣稱能減緩阿爾茨海默癥進(jìn)展的藥物表示懷疑。
Announcement of the verdict was accompanied by shouts and cheers.
在一片喊叫和歡呼聲中宣布了判決。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:Some experts question whether the test used to show an improvement in symptoms is clinically meaningful because amyloid can be detected only with the help of a piece of expensive equipment, which is not something that can easily be turned into a routine program.
[譯文]　一些專家對用于顯示癥狀改善的測試是否具有臨床意義提出質(zhì)疑,因?yàn)榈矸蹣拥鞍字荒芙柚嘿F的設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢測,而這不是能被輕易納入常規(guī)程序的事項(xiàng)。
[分析]　本句是復(fù)合句,主句是Some experts question...,其中whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句,because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

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