資源簡介

Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
Grammar——現在完成進行時
一、現在完成進行時的構成形式
肯定句 have/ has been+現在分詞(doing)
否定句 have/ has not been+現在分詞(doing)
疑問句 Have/ Has+主語+been+現在分詞(doing)+...
He has been wrestling with a tough problem these days.
這些天他一直在努力處理一個棘手的問題。
She has been communicating with others non-verbally for the past four years,except for a few words now and then.
在過去的四年里,她一直無法與他人進行口頭交流,除了偶爾蹦出幾個詞。
Has he been buying and selling since he succeeded to that big fortune,a million dollars
自從他繼承了那一百萬美元的巨款后,他一直都在做買賣工作嗎
二、現在完成進行時的用法
1.延續:表示開始于過去的活動持續到現在,并且活動往往還沒有結束,將繼續持續下去。
—Why,Jack You look so tired!
—Well,I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
(強調一直在做,并且還將持續)
——為什么,杰克 你看上去很累啊!
——對,我一直在粉刷屋子,而且明天必須得刷完。
Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week.(強調從過去持續到未來)
從6月開始,瑪麗每天晚上去上寫作課,這門課程將于這周結束。
2.重復:到目前為止的一段時間內重復發生的活動。
—Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work
—Yes,that’s why I have been going to work by subway.(強調重復性和持續性)
——開車去市中心上班難道不麻煩嗎
——很麻煩,這就是我一直坐地鐵去上班的原因。Since humankind started gardening,we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.(強調重復性和持續性)
自從人類開始從事園藝活動,我們一直都在努力讓我們的環境更美麗。
3.感彩:和進行時一樣,現在完成進行時可以帶有說話人的感彩(如贊揚、厭惡、抱怨等)。
Where have you been I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.(抱怨)
你去哪了 我在雨中等了你兩個小時。
He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years,which really isn’t an easy thing.(贊揚)
他已經做了十五年的志愿者,這真不是一件容易的事。
三、需要注意的幾點
1.常和現在完成進行時連用的時間狀語:for+時間段,always、since、these days/years、recently、all the time、all day/week/afternoon...、How long...等。
Since the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896,athletes and fans have always been trying to get “their” sports into the Olympics.
自從1896年第一屆現代奧林匹克運動會舉辦以來,運動員及運動愛好者一直努力使“他們的”運動成為奧林匹克運動會上的比賽項目。
2.有些動詞不能用于現在完成進行時
(1)表示狀態的動詞:be、have、exist、belong、own等;
(2)表示感情的動詞:like、love、hate、detest等;
(3)表示感覺的動詞:see、hear、feel、sound等;
(4)其他動詞:believe、doubt、want、wish、agree、include、order、know等。
(正)He has had a terrible headache for the last few days.
他最近幾天頭疼得很厲害。
(誤)He has been having a terrible headache for the last few days.
他最近幾天頭疼得很厲害。
3.現在完成時可以與never,ever,yet,already等連用,而現在完成進行時則不能與它們連用。
(正)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already read it three times.
這本書中沒有什么新東西,因為我已經看了三遍了。
(誤)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already been reading it three times.
這本書中沒有什么新東西,因為我已經看了三遍了。
四、現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別
[先感知]
①Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. It has been an enormously positive force.(外研必一U3)
②The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.(人教選三U4)
③We have been practising extremely hard for months and we are hoping to win this match and go through to the final.(北師選二U4)
④Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions: should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions (外研必一U3)
[會發現]　句①④是現在完成時。句②③是現在完成進行時。
[明規則]
現在完成進行時強調動作的延續或表達某種情感,還可以表示動作的重復。
現在完成時強調動作的完成性,強調對現在產生的影響或產生的結果,一般不表示動作的重復性。
試比較:
①They have been discussing the plan for a week,but no decision has been made.
一個星期以來他們一直在討論那個計劃,但尚未做出任何決定。
②They have discussed the plan for a week,and the decision is that they should try their best to attract investors.
他們已經討論這個計劃一周了,(做出的)決定是他們應該盡最大努力吸引投資者。
分析　句①中根據no decision 可知沒有做出決定,說明討論這個動作并未完成,之前應該是一直在討論。使用了現在完成進行時表示動作discuss的延續,而且可以反復出現,表示一次又一次的討論。
句②中根據the decision is that...可知決定已經做出,說明討論這個動作已經完成,討論已經結束。使用現在完成時表示討論這個動作對現在造成的影響,不表示動作的重復性。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①The students have been working (work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
②My husband, our children and I have had (have) wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
③A retired engineer has been offering (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.
④Recently, a newly-furnished section has been (be) open to us students in our school library.
1.withdraw vi.& vt.脫離(社會),不與人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供;提,取
·withdrawal n.撤退,收回;提款
教材原文　After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago, I began to withdraw into myself, believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again.
當我兩年前在一起車禍中失去右手之后,我開始變得不愛與人交往,覺得自己再也不能過正常的生活了。
感知　語言先輸入
①He withdrew some money from the bank and then went home hurriedly.(動作描寫)
②The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)withdraw (sth) from　 撤回,撤離
withdraw into oneself 不與人交往
(2)make withdrawals 提款
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①They announced the withdrawal (withdraw) of troops from the area.
②He stated that all foreign forces would withdraw as soon as the crisis ended.
他聲明,危機一結束所有外國軍隊就會撤退。
③Faced with the fierce attack of the bear,Elli and I withdrew from the inside of fence to the tent.(動作描寫)
面對熊的兇猛攻擊,我和埃莉從柵欄里邊撤退到了帳篷。
2.equip vt.配備;使有能力　·equipment n.裝備;設備
教材原文　Below is a personal account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand.
下面是一位配備有一只機械手的女孩的自述。
感知　語言先輸入
①We should equip our minds with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.(倡議書)
②Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic check-ups.(2024·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)equip...with...　　　用……裝備……
equip sb for (doing) sth/to do sth使某人為(做)某事而準備;使某人具備(做)某事的條件
be equipped with配備有……(表狀態)
(2)a piece of equipment一件設備
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak(speak).
②The floors of all campus buildings are equipped(equip) with manual fire alarm system.
③If it were not the modern equipment(equip), such experiments would not be performed.
④Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills,the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
具備了必要的知識和技能后,這個年輕人滿懷信心地去了就業市場。
[基礎語境練]
維度一　補全對話(每小題2分,共8分)
1.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I have been practising(practise) a lot these days.
2.—I’m fed up with the wet,cold weather here!I wish tomorrow a sunny day!
—Exactly.Actually,it has been raining(rain) every day in the past two weeks.
3.—Thomas,why are your eyes red
—I have been cutting (cut)up onions for the last five minutes.
4.—Mr Wolf,what have you been busy doing these days
—I have been trying(try) to catch goats,but have never caught a single one so far.
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.What surprises me most is that the countryside has changed(change) a lot in the past few days.
2.I wonder/have been wondering(wonder) if you are free this afternoon.
3.Here he is!We have been waiting(wait) anxiously for him since last night.
4.This is the first time that I have visited(visit) the city museum,which has a great effect on me.
5.You know, I have been looking(look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
6.He is ill. He has been lying (lie)in bed for three weeks.
7.The little boy is dirty all over because he has been playing(play) in the mud all the morning.
8.Up to now he has written(write) 100 poems,which are popular with children all over the country.
9.Your eyes are red.Have you been crying(cry)
10.He is dead drunk. He has been drinking (drink) with his friends.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.We have been driving for over 2 hours. Are you sure this is the right way
我們已經開了兩個多小時的車了。你確定走這條路對嗎
2.I have painted the door and now it looks like a new one.
我已經把門漆過了,現在它看起來像一扇新的。
3.I’m glad to see that you have made a lot of progress since I met you last.
我很高興看到你自從我們上次見面以來已經取得了很大的進步。
4.Mount Tai has become one of the leading tourist attractions in China.
泰山已成為中國一處主要的旅游景點。
5.All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
這些年來他們一直為我們的雜志撰稿。
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共10分)
使用本單元所學語法補全下面語段。
Scientists 1.have been studying gene technology(研究基因技術) for decades, and although 2.great progress has been made(取得了很大的進展), many difficult problems remain unsolved.We human beings 3.have been finding ways (尋找方法) to cure various diseases.Although many ways have been found to cure lots of diseases, there are still many that cannot be cured, such as cancer.We 4.have been searching for (一直在尋找) the secret of longevity, and even though people 5.have been able to live longer (能夠活得更久) than ever before, we still hope it even longer.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
A new generation of opioids(阿片類藥物) with fewer side effects is being explored by an Australian and Chinese research team.
Professor Maree Smith from the University of Queensland will present research on oliceridine being developed internationally, as well as results of her team’s CYX-6 research project on Saturday at a meeting to be held by Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM) of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists during October 19-21 in Cairns.
Professor Smith’s laboratory is exploring the new opioid, together with the Chinese researcher, Professor Li Tingyou from Nanjing Medical University. She stressed that while the research project was still in its early stages and would consume much more time and energy, laboratory tests had found that a newly discovered compound(復合物), CYX-6, spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids. Strong opioids that are now used for pain relief can have serious and sometimes deadly side effects, such as breathing problems.
“We’ve seen that in the US there are many people who are dying as a result of taking too many opioids because they stop breathing,” Professor Smith explained.“Though it’s difficult, we are focusing on discovery of new opioid alternatives with a reduced risk of breathing difficulty. It is a hot topic in the research world at present. Our application of the compound would be a very positive step.”
Dr. Meredith Craigie, Dean of FPM, said opioid alternatives with fewer side effects like the one that is being investigated by Professor Smith required thorough study, and research into the possible unknown side effects of new opioids was an especially significant step in the development of potential new treatments for pain.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由澳大利亞和中國研究團隊合作開發的新一代副作用較少的阿片類藥物的研究進展。
1.What is oliceridine
A.An effective treatment. B.A kind of operation.
C.A new opioid. D.A piece of equipment.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知,該研究團隊正在研發新一代副作用較小的麻醉鎮痛劑,結合第二段中的“Professor Maree Smith... will present research on oliceridine being developed internationally”和第三段首句“Professor Smith’s laboratory is exploring the new opioid, together with the Chinese researcher...”可知,oliceridine就是他們正在研發的新型麻醉鎮痛劑。故選C項。]
2.What do we know about CYX-6
A.It is found in the body of rats.
B.It prevents some side effects of opioids.
C.It is a compound used for pain relief.
D.It is newly invented by Professor Smith.
答案　B　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“a newly discovered compound(復合物),CYX-6,spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids”可知,CYX-6是一種新發現的復合物,它讓實驗室老鼠免受更常見的一些阿片類藥物的副作用。故選B項。]
3.How does Professor Smith find their project
A.Promising. B.Expensive.
C.Popular. D.Risky.
答案　A　[觀點態度題。根據第四段中的“Our application of the compound would be a very positive step.”可知,史密斯教授認為他們對復合物CYX-6的應用將是非常積極的一步,由此可推測,在史密斯教授看來,他們的項目是有望成功的,故選A。]
4.What did Dr. Meredith Craigie suggest
A.Inventing opioids with better effects.
B.Testing the side effects of new opioids.
C.Developing new treatments for pain.
D.Using medicine for breathing difficulty.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“research into the...new treatments for pain”可知,Dr.Meredith Craigie認為研究新型麻醉鎮痛劑可能產生的未知的副作用是至關重要的。故選B項。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
People who drink a lot of sugary drinks have a high risk of developing cancer, researchers announced last week. 1.　,
the evidence cannot confirm a direct connection 2.　　　　　　 the two.The researchers said the findings suggest that 3.　　　　　　 (limit) the amount of sugar-sweetened drinks may help 4.　　　　　　 (significant) reduce the number of cancer cases.Drinking sugary drinks 5.　　　　　　 (become) more common worldwide in the last several decades.Sugary drinks are linked to obesity, the condition of being overweight 6.　　　　　　 increases a person’s cancer risk.
The study 7.　　　　　　 (publish) in The BMJ (British Medical Journal) looked at data from just over 100,000 French adults.The researchers noted how many sugary drinks each of them had, and followed them for up to nine years.The researchers evaluated the 8.　　　　　　 (possible) of all types of cancer.
The scientists found that a 100-milliliter increase in sugary drinks 9.　　　　　　 (link) to an 18 percent increased risk of overall cancer and a 22 percent increased risk of breast cancer.The researchers looked at those who drank fruit juices and other sweet drinks.They all showed a 10.　　　　　　 (high) risk of cancer overall than those who didn’t.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發現,即含糖飲料與癌癥可能有關聯。
1.However/Yet　[考查副詞。句意:然而,證據無法證實兩者之間的直接聯系。分析句子結構可知,此空用副詞。上句提到研究發現喝大量含糖飲料的人患癌癥的風險很高,結合此句句意,可知兩句話之間是轉折關系,表示轉折,放在句首,且有逗號隔開。故填However/Yet。]
2.between　[考查介詞。句意同上。習慣搭配connection between A and B意為“A和B之間的聯系”。故填between。]
3.limiting　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:研究人員說,研究結果表明,限制含糖飲料的攝入量可能有助于顯著減少癌癥病例的數量。分析句子結構可知,此空作主語,且表示的是一種事實,所以用動名詞形式。故填limiting。]
4.significantly　[考查詞性轉換。句意同上。此空用副詞修飾動詞reduce。故填significantly。]
5.has become　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。句意:在過去的幾十年里,喝含糖飲料在世界范圍內變得越來越普遍。此空是動詞作謂語,根據時間狀語in the last several decades可知,此處用現在完成時態,主語為動名詞短語,謂語動詞用單數。故填has become。]
6.which/that　[考查定語從句。句意:含糖飲料與肥胖有關,肥胖即體重超標狀態,這種狀態會增加一個人患癌癥的風險。分析句子結構和句意可知,此空引導定語從句,先行詞是the condition,指物,在從句中充當主語,所以可以用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。]
7.published　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:這項發表在《英國醫學雜志》上的研究調查了10萬多名法國成年人的數據。分析句子結構可知,此句已有謂語動詞looked,此空應用非謂語動詞。結合句意,此空是The study“研究”的定語,且研究是“被發表”,所以此空用過去分詞。故填published。]
8.possibility/possibilities　[考查詞性轉換和名詞的單復數。句意:研究人員評估了所有類型癌癥的可能性。此空前有定冠詞the,此空應用名詞作動詞evaluated的賓語。名詞possibility表示抽象的“可能”時,是不可數名詞,所以此處用possibility;表示具體的“可能性;可能發生的事”時是可數名詞,結合空后定語“所有類型的癌癥”表示復數含義,對應的是復數的“可能性”,所以用possibility的復數possibilities。故填possibility/possibilities。]
9.was linked　[考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致以及習慣搭配。句意:科學家們發現,含糖飲料增加100毫升,患癌癥的風險增加18%,患乳腺癌的風險增加22%。此空是動詞作謂語,根據句意,描述的是過去的研究結果,應用一般過去時;習慣搭配be linked to意為“和……有關”,主語為a 100-milliliter increase,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數。故填was linked。]
10.higher　[考查形容詞比較級。句意:他們都比那些不喝含糖飲料的人顯示出更高的患癌風險。根據連詞than可知,此處用形容詞的比較級。故填higher。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:internationally adv.國際性地　laboratory n.實驗室　thorough adj.徹底的;完全的　語法填空:evaluate v.評價;評估
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:pain relief緩解疼痛　potential new treatments潛在的新療法　語法填空:sugary drinks含糖飲料
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:effect熟義:n.影響　生義:n.結果,效果 A new generation of opioids(阿片類藥物) with fewer side effects is being explored by an Australian and Chinese research team. 一個由澳大利亞和中國研究人員組成的團隊正在研發一種副作用更少的新一代阿片類藥物。 Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely. 她批評的結果是使他完全喪失了信心。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:She stressed that while the research project was still in its early stages and would consume much more time and energy, laboratory tests had found that a newly discovered compound(復合物), CYX-6, spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids. [譯文]　她強調說,雖然該研究項目仍處于早期階段,將消耗更多的時間和精力,但實驗室測試發現,一種新發現的復合物CYX-6使實驗室老鼠免受阿片類藥物的一些更常見的副作用。 [分析]　本句是復合句,主句是She stressed ...,兩個that引導賓語從句,while引導讓步狀語從句。(共56張PPT)
Section Ⅲ 　Grammar and usage
語法知識過關
內
容
索
引
課時測評作業
語言知識精析
語 法 知 識 過 關
Grammar——現在完成進行時
一、現在完成進行時的構成形式
肯定句 have/ has been＋現在分詞(doing)
否定句 have/ has not been＋現在分詞(doing)
疑問句 Have/ Has＋主語＋been＋現在分詞(doing)＋...
He has been wrestling with a tough problem these days.
這些天他一直在努力處理一個棘手的問題。
She has been communicating with others non－verbally for the past four years,except for a few words now and then.
在過去的四年里,她一直無法與他人進行口頭交流,除了偶爾蹦出幾個詞。
Has he been buying and selling since he succeeded to that big fortune,a million dollars
自從他繼承了那一百萬美元的巨款后,他一直都在做買賣工作嗎
二、現在完成進行時的用法
1.延續:表示開始于過去的活動持續到現在,并且活動往往還沒有結束,將繼續持續下去。
—Why,Jack You look so tired!
—Well,I have been painting the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.(強調一直在做,并且還將持續)
——為什么,杰克 你看上去很累啊!
——對,我一直在粉刷屋子,而且明天必須得刷完。
Mary has been going to writing classes every night since June and the course will end this week.(強調從過去持續到未來)
從6月開始,瑪麗每天晚上去上寫作課,這門課程將于這周結束。
2.重復:到目前為止的一段時間內重復發生的活動。
—Isn’t it hard to drive to downtown to work
—Yes,that’s why I have been going to work by subway.
(強調重復性和持續性)
——開車去市中心上班難道不麻煩嗎
——很麻煩,這就是我一直坐地鐵去上班的原因。Since humankind started gardening,we have been trying to make our environment more beautiful.(強調重復性和持續性)
自從人類開始從事園藝活動,我們一直都在努力讓我們的環境更美麗。
3.感彩:和進行時一樣,現在完成進行時可以帶有說話人的感彩(如贊揚、厭惡、抱怨等)。
Where have you been I have been waiting for you in the rain for two hours.(抱怨)
你去哪了 我在雨中等了你兩個小時。
He has been working as a volunteer for fifteen years,which really isn’t an easy thing.(贊揚)
他已經做了十五年的志愿者,這真不是一件容易的事。
三、需要注意的幾點
1.常和現在完成進行時連用的時間狀語:for＋時間段,always、since、these days/years、recently、all the time、all day/week/afternoon...、How long...等。
Since the first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896,athletes and fans have always been trying to get “their” sports into the Olympics.
自從1896年第一屆現代奧林匹克運動會舉辦以來,運動員及運動愛好者一直努力使“他們的”運動成為奧林匹克運動會上的比賽項目。
2.有些動詞不能用于現在完成進行時
(1)表示狀態的動詞:be、have、exist、belong、own等;
(2)表示感情的動詞:like、love、hate、detest等;
(3)表示感覺的動詞:see、hear、feel、sound等;
(4)其他動詞:believe、doubt、want、wish、agree、include、order、know等。
(正)He has had a terrible headache for the last few days.
他最近幾天頭疼得很厲害。
(誤)He has been having a terrible headache for the last few days.
他最近幾天頭疼得很厲害。
3.現在完成時可以與never,ever,yet,already等連用,而現在完成進行時則不能與它們連用。
(正)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already read it three times.
這本書中沒有什么新東西,因為我已經看了三遍了。
(誤)There is nothing new in the book in that I have already been reading it three times.
這本書中沒有什么新東西,因為我已經看了三遍了。
四、現在完成進行時和現在完成時的區別
[先感知]
①Throughout my entire life, I’ve had my brother trying to beat me at everything I do. It has been an enormously positive force.
(外研必一U3)
②The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon.(人教選三U4)
③We have been practising extremely hard for months and we are hoping to win this match and go through to the final.(北師選二U4)
④Watched by millions, the ending to the race has divided opinions: should the brothers have been disqualified or highly praised for their actions (外研必一U3)
[會發現]　句①④是　　　　　　　。句②③是　　　　　　　　。
現在完成時
現在完成進行時
[明規則]
現在完成進行時強調動作的延續或表達某種情感,還可以表示動作的重復。
現在完成時強調動作的完成性,強調對現在產生的影響或產生的結果,一般不表示動作的重復性。
試比較:
①They have been discussing the plan for a week,but no decision has been made.
一個星期以來他們一直在討論那個計劃,但尚未做出任何決定。
②They have discussed the plan for a week,and the decision is that they should try their best to attract investors.
他們已經討論這個計劃一周了,(做出的)決定是他們應該盡最大努力吸引投資者。
分析　句①中根據no decision 可知沒有做出決定,說明討論這個動作并未完成,之前應該是一直在討論。使用了現在完成進行時表示動作discuss的延續,而且可以反復出現,表示一次又一次的討論。
句②中根據the decision is that...可知決定已經做出,說明討論這個動作已經完成,討論已經結束。使用現在完成時表示討論這個動作對現在造成的影響,不表示動作的重復性。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①The students 　　　　　　　　　　　 (work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
②My husband, our children and I 　　　　　　　　　　　 (have) wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
③A retired engineer 　　　　　　　　　　　 (offer) free rides to college students for the past eight years.
④Recently, a newly－furnished section 　　　　　　(be) open to us students in our school library.
have been working
have had
has been offering
has been
語 言 知 識 精 析
1.withdraw vi.& vt.脫離(社會),不與人交往;(使)撤回;(使)退出;停止提供;提,取 ·withdrawal n.撤退,收回;提款
教材原文　After I lost my right hand in a car accident two years ago, I began to withdraw into myself, believing I would never be able to lead a normal life again.
當我兩年前在一起車禍中失去右手之后,我開始變得不愛與人交往,覺得自己再也不能過正常的生活了。
感知　語言先輸入
①He withdrew some money from the bank and then went home hurriedly.(動作描寫)
②The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)withdraw (sth) from　 撤回,撤離
withdraw into oneself 不與人交往
(2)make withdrawals 提款
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①They announced the 　　　　　　　　　　　 (withdraw) of troops from the area.
②He stated that all foreign forces _____________________________ as soon as the crisis ended.
他聲明,危機一結束所有外國軍隊就會撤退。
withdrawal
would withdraw
③Faced with the fierce attack of the bear,Elli and I
　 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　.(動作描寫)
面對熊的兇猛攻擊,我和埃莉從柵欄里邊撤退到了帳篷。
withdrew from the inside of fence to the tent
2.equip vt.配備;使有能力　·equipment n.裝備;設備
教材原文　Below is a personal account given by a girl who is equipped with a robotic hand.
下面是一位配備有一只機械手的女孩的自述。
感知　語言先輸入
①We should equip our minds with Marxism－Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.(倡議書)
②Doctors see up to 150 patients every day.The train’s equipment allows for basic check－ups.(2024·全國甲卷)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)equip...with...　　　 用……裝備……
equip sb for (doing) sth/to do sth
使某人為(做)某事而準備;使某人具備(做)某事的條件
be equipped with 配備有……(表狀態)
(2)a piece of equipment 一件設備
運用　單句語法填空/完成句子
①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped ______________(speak).
②The floors of all campus buildings are 　　　　　　(equip) with manual fire alarm system.
③If it were not the modern 　　　　　　　　　　　　(equip), such experiments would not be performed.
to speak
equipped
equipment
④　　　　　 　　　　　　 necessary knowledge and skills,the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
具備了必要的知識和技能后,這個年輕人滿懷信心地去了就業市場。
Having equipped himself with
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一　補全對話(每小題2分,共8分)
1.—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks.It’s because I 　　　　 　　　 (practise) a lot these days.
2.—I’m fed up with the wet,cold weather here!I wish tomorrow a sunny day!
—Exactly.Actually,it 　　　　　　　　　　　 (rain) every day in the past two weeks.
have been practising
has been raining
3.—Thomas,why are your eyes red
—I 　　　　　　　　　　　　(cut) up onions for the last five minutes.
4.—Mr Wolf,what have you been busy doing these days
—I 　　　　　　　　　　　　(try) to catch goats, but have never caught a single one so far.
have been cutting
have been trying
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.What surprises me most is that the countryside _________________ (change) a lot in the past few days.
2.I 　　 　　　　　　　　　 (wonder) if you are free this afternoon.
3.Here he is!We 　　　　　　　　　　　 (wait) anxiously for him since last night.
has changed
wonder/have been wondering
have been waiting
4.This is the first time that I 　　　　　　　　　　　 (visit) the city museum,which has a great effect on me.
5.You know, I 　　　　　　　　　　　(look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
6.He is ill. He 　　　　　　　　　　　 (lie)in bed for three weeks.
7.The little boy is dirty all over because he _________________ (play) in the mud all the morning.
have visited
have been looking
has been lying
has been playing
8.Up to now he 　　　　　　　　　　　 (write) 100 poems,which are popular with children all over the country.
9.Your eyes are red.　　　　　 you 　　　　　　　(cry)
10.He is dead drunk. He 　　　　　　　　　　　 (drink) with his friends.
has written
Have
been crying
has been drinking
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共10分)
1.We 　　　　　　　　　　　　for over 2 hours. Are you sure this is the right way
我們已經開了兩個多小時的車了。你確定走這條路對嗎
2.　　　　　　　　　　　 and now it looks like a new one.
我已經把門漆過了,現在它看起來像一扇新的。
have been driving
I have painted the door
3.I’m glad to see that you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　since I met you last.
我很高興看到你自從我們上次見面以來已經取得了很大的進步。
4.Mount Tai 　　　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　in China.
泰山已成為中國一處主要的旅游景點。
5.All these years they 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to our magazine.
這些年來他們一直為我們的雜志撰稿。
have made a lot of progress
has become one of the leading tourist attractions
have been contributing articles
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題2分,共10分)
使用本單元所學語法補全下面語段。
Scientists 1.　　　 　　　　　　　　 (研究基因技術) for decades, and although 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(取得了很大的進展), many difficult problems remain unsolved.We human beings 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (尋找方法) to cure various diseases.Although many ways have been found to cure lots of diseases, there are still many that cannot be cured, such as cancer.We
have been studying gene technology
great progress has been made
have been finding ways
4.　　　　　　　　　　　 (一直在尋找) the secret of longevity, and even though people 5.　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(能夠活得更久) than ever before, we still hope it even longer.
have been searching for
have been able to live longer
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
A new generation of opioids(阿片類藥物) with fewer side effects is being explored by an Australian and Chinese research team.
Professor Maree Smith from the University of Queensland will present research on oliceridine being developed internationally, as well as results of her team’s CYX-6 research project on Saturday at a meeting to be held by Faculty of Pain Medicine (FPM) of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists during October 19-21 in Cairns.
Professor Smith’s laboratory is exploring the new opioid, together with the Chinese researcher, Professor Li Tingyou from Nanjing Medical University. She stressed that while the research project was still in its early stages and would consume much more time and energy, laboratory tests had found that a newly discovered compound(復合物), CYX-6, spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids. Strong opioids that are now used for pain relief can have serious and sometimes deadly side effects, such as breathing problems.
“We’ve seen that in the US there are many people who are dying as a result of taking too many opioids because they stop breathing,” Professor Smith explained.“Though it’s difficult, we are focusing on discovery of new opioid alternatives with a reduced risk of breathing difficulty. It is a hot topic in the research world at present. Our application of the compound would be a very positive step.”
Dr. Meredith Craigie, Dean of FPM, said opioid alternatives with fewer side effects like the one that is being investigated by Professor Smith required thorough study, and research into the possible unknown side effects of new opioids was an especially significant step in the development of potential new treatments for pain.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由澳大利亞和中國研究團隊合作開發的新一代副作用較少的阿片類藥物的研究進展。
1.What is oliceridine
A.An effective treatment. B.A kind of operation.
C.A new opioid. D.A piece of equipment.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知,該研究團隊正在研發新一代副作用較小的麻醉鎮痛劑,結合第二段中的“Professor Maree Smith... will present research on oliceridine being developed internationally”和第三段首句“Professor Smith’s laboratory is exploring the new opioid, together with the Chinese researcher...”可知,oliceridine就是他們正在研發的新型麻醉鎮痛劑。故選C項。
√
2.What do we know about CYX-6
A.It is found in the body of rats.
B.It prevents some side effects of opioids.
C.It is a compound used for pain relief.
D.It is newly invented by Professor Smith.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“a newly discovered compound(復合物),CYX-6,spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids”可知,CYX-6是一種新發現的復合物,它讓實驗室老鼠免受更常見的一些阿片類藥物的副作用。故選B項。
√
3.How does Professor Smith find their project
A.Promising. B.Expensive.
C.Popular. D.Risky.
解析　觀點態度題。根據第四段中的“Our application of the compound would be a very positive step.”可知,史密斯教授認為他們對復合物CYX-6的應用將是非常積極的一步,由此可推測,在史密斯教授看來,他們的項目是有望成功的,故選A。
√
4.What did Dr. Meredith Craigie suggest
A.Inventing opioids with better effects.
B.Testing the side effects of new opioids.
C.Developing new treatments for pain.
D.Using medicine for breathing difficulty.
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“research into the...new treatments for pain”可知,Dr.Meredith Craigie認為研究新型麻醉鎮痛劑可能產生的未知的副作用是至關重要的。故選B項。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
People who drink a lot of sugary drinks have a high risk of developing cancer, researchers announced last week. 1.　 ,
the evidence cannot confirm a direct connection 2.　　　 　　　 the two.The researchers said the findings suggest that 3._______________ (limit) the amount of sugar-sweetened drinks may help 4.___________ (significant) reduce the number of cancer cases.Drinking sugary drinks 5.　　　　　　 (become) more common worldwide in the last
several decades.Sugary drinks are linked to obesity, the condition of being overweight 6.　　　　　　 increases a person’s cancer risk.
The study 7.　　　　　　 (publish) in The BMJ (British Medical Journal) looked at data from just over 100,000 French adults.The researchers noted how many sugary drinks each of them had, and followed them for up to nine years.The researchers evaluated the 8.　　　　　　 (possible) of all types of cancer.
The scientists found that a 100-milliliter increase in sugary drinks 9.　　　　　　 (link) to an 18 percent increased risk of overall cancer and a 22 percent increased risk of breast cancer.The researchers looked at those who drank fruit juices and other sweet drinks.They all showed a 10.　　　　　　 (high) risk of cancer overall than those who didn’t.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究發現,即含糖飲料與癌癥可能有關聯。
1.However/Yet　[考查副詞。句意:然而,證據無法證實兩者之間的直接聯系。分析句子結構可知,此空用副詞。上句提到研究發現喝大量含糖飲料的人患癌癥的風險很高,結合此句句意,可知兩句話之間是轉折關系,表示轉折,放在句首,且有逗號隔開。故填However/Yet。]
2.between　[考查介詞。句意同上。習慣搭配connection between A and B意為“A和B之間的聯系”。故填between。]
3.limiting　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:研究人員說,研究結果表明,限制含糖飲料的攝入量可能有助于顯著減少癌癥病例的數量。分析句子結構可知,此空作主語,且表示的是一種事實,所以用動名詞形式。故填limiting。]
4.significantly　[考查詞性轉換。句意同上。此空用副詞修飾動詞reduce。故填significantly。]
5.has become　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。句意:在過去的幾十年里,喝含糖飲料在世界范圍內變得越來越普遍。此空是動詞作謂語,根據時間狀語in the last several decades可知,此處用現在完成時態,主語為動名詞短語,謂語動詞用單數。故填has become。]
6.which/that　[考查定語從句。句意:含糖飲料與肥胖有關,肥胖即體重超標狀態,這種狀態會增加一個人患癌癥的風險。分析句子結構和句意可知,此空引導定語從句,先行詞是the condition,指物,在從句中充當主語,所以可以用關系代詞which或that引導。故填which/that。]
7.published　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:這項發表在《英國醫學雜志》上的研究調查了10萬多名法國成年人的數據。分析句子結構可知,此句已有謂語動詞looked,此空應用非謂語動詞。結合句意,此空是The study“研究”的定語,且研究是“被發表”,所以此空用過去分詞。故填published。]
8.possibility/possibilities　[考查詞性轉換和名詞的單復數。句意:研究人員評估了所有類型癌癥的可能性。此空前有定冠詞the,此空應用名詞作動詞evaluated的賓語。名詞possibility表示抽象的“可能”時,是不可數名詞,所以此處用possibility;表示具體的“可能性;可能發生的事”時是可數名詞,結合空后定語“所有類型的癌癥”表示復數含義,對應的是復數的“可能性”,所以用possibility的復數possibilities。故填possibility/possibilities。]
9.was linked　[考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致以及習慣搭配。句意:科學家們發現,含糖飲料增加100毫升,患癌癥的風險增加18%,患乳腺癌的風險增加22%。此空是動詞作謂語,根據句意,描述的是過去的研究結果,應用一般過去時;習慣搭配be linked to意為“和……有關”,主語為a 100-milliliter increase,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數。故填was linked。]
10.higher　[考查形容詞比較級。句意:他們都比那些不喝含糖飲料的人顯示出更高的患癌風險。根據連詞than可知,此處用形容詞的比較級。故填higher。]
文本資源——說一千道一萬,記住單詞是關鍵
主題單詞 閱讀理解:internationally adv.國際性地　laboratory n.實驗室　thorough adj.徹底的;完全的　
語法填空:evaluate v.評價;評估
主題詞塊 閱讀理解:pain relief緩解疼痛　potential new treatments潛在的新療法　語法填空:sugary drinks含糖飲料
熟詞生義 閱讀理解:effect熟義:n.影響　生義:n.結果,效果
A new generation of opioids(阿片類藥物) with fewer side effects is being explored by an Australian and Chinese research team.
一個由澳大利亞和中國研究人員組成的團隊正在研發一種副作用更少的新一代阿片類藥物。
Her criticisms had the effect of discouraging him completely.
她批評的結果是使他完全喪失了信心。
難句剖析 閱讀理解:She stressed that while the research project was still in its early stages and would consume much more time and energy, laboratory tests had found that a newly discovered compound(復合物), CYX-6, spared laboratory rats from some of the more common side effects of opioids.
[譯文]　她強調說,雖然該研究項目仍處于早期階段,將消耗更多的時間和精力,但實驗室測試發現,一種新發現的復合物CYX-6使實驗室老鼠免受阿片類藥物的一些更常見的副作用。
[分析]　本句是復合句,主句是She stressed ...,兩個that引導賓語從句,while引導讓步狀語從句。

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