資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language points
[核心單詞·練通]
1.severe /sI vI (r)/ adj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的;嚴厲的
2.subscribe /s b skra b/ vi.認購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)
3.suspect /s spekt/ vt.& vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任 / s spekt/ n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象
4.blame /bleIm/ vt.把……歸咎于;責怪;指責 n.責備;指責
5.handle / h ndl/ n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.處理;搬動;操縱(車輛、動物、工具等);(用手)觸碰
6.link /l k/ n.聯系;紐帶 vt.把……連接起來;相關聯
7.substantial /s b st n l/ adj.大量的;價值巨大的;重大的
8.decrease / di kri s/ n.減少;降低;減少量
/dI kri s/ vt.& vi.(使大小、數量等)減少;減小;降低
9.transform /tr ns f m/ vt.使改觀;使改變形態 vi.改變;轉變
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.frustrated /fr streItId/ adj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的→frustrate vt.使懊惱;使沮喪→frustrating adj.令人沮喪的→frustration n.沮喪;懊惱;挫折
2.infection /In fek n/ n.感染;傳染→infect /In fekt/ vt.使感染;傳染→infectious adj.感染的;傳染性的;有感染力的
3.proof /pru f/ n.證據;證明;檢驗→prove vt.證明;證明是
4.multiple / m lt pl/ adj.數量多的;多種多樣的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖
5.intervention / Int ven n/ n.介入;出面;干涉→intervene vi.干預;介入
6.pure /pj (r)/ adj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→purely adv.完全地;純粹地→purify vt.凈化;使……潔凈
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.contradictory / k ntr dIkt ri/ adj.相互矛盾的;對立的;不一致的
2.germ /d m/ n.微生物;細菌;病菌
3.pump /p mp/ n.泵;抽水機;打氣筒
4.household / ha sh ld/ n.一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
5.raw /r / adj.未煮的;生的;未經處理的;原始的
6.statistic /st t st k/ n.[pl.-s]統計數字;統計資料;統計學
7.microscope / ma kr sk p/ n.顯微鏡
[重點短語·再現]
1.link...to/with... 把……與……聯系起來
2.once and for all最終地;徹底地
3.subscribe to同意;贊同
4.thanks to幸虧;由于
5.be to blame(對某事)負有責任
6.suspect sb of sth懷疑某人某事
7.be likely to do sth有可能去做某事
8.die from the disease死于這種疾病
9.become a famous doctor成為一名著名醫生
10.attend to關懷;照料;處理
11.be infected by waste被廢棄物感染
12.be polluted by raw waste被未處理的廢棄物污染
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　until引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前,霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
2.[句型公式]　so...that... 如此……以至于……
[教材原句]　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現霍亂疫情在兩條特定的街道上爆發得非常嚴重,以至于10天內就有500多人死亡。
3.[句型公式]　It seems/seemed that... 好像……;似乎……
[教材原句]　It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
這名婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水,以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運到家里來。
4.[句型公式]　have sth done讓/請某人做某事;使某事被做
[教材原句]　Accordingly,he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
于是,他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手,這樣水泵就不能用了。
5.[句型公式]　無生命名詞+see/find/...
[教材原句]　Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
經過斯諾的不懈努力,供水公司開始銷售潔凈的水,世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅度降低。
核心單詞練透
1.frustrated adj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的
教材原文　As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.　由于無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂,年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生感到沮喪。
感知　語言再輸入
①Frustrated and disappointed,I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.(心理描寫)
②Although this can be frustrating,it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)feel/be frustrated at/with... 對……感到沮喪/懊惱
(2)frustrating adj. 令人沮喪的
frustrate vt. 挫敗;阻撓;使感到灰心
frustration n. 懊惱,沮喪;挫敗
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It’s not just about sharing sweets or frustration(frustrate);it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.
②If we feel sad and frustrated(frustrate),we can choose the music which gives us power and makes us refreshed.
③I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes.(心理描寫)
我對自己在比賽中的糟糕表現感到沮喪,我的眼睛里涌出懊惱的淚水。
2.subscribe vi.認購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)
教材原文　Snow subscribed to the second theory.　斯諾贊同第二種看法。
感知　語言再輸入
①All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
②If you subscribe to this newspaper,you’ll get an extra magazine.(推薦信)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)subscribe to　　 同意;贊同;訂購;捐助
subscribe...to... 向……捐……
(2)subscriber n. 訂閱人;訂購者;定期捐款者
運用　語境辨義/補全句子
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school,to which we were sincerely grateful.捐助
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives,I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.訂閱
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy 贊同
④All of us subscribe to the view that a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我們所有人都贊成這個觀點:好的親子關系是基于相互理解和尊重。
3.suspect vt.& vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象
教材原文　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.　斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
感知　語言再輸入
①Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.(外研選一U5)
②Anyone suspected of drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 懷疑某人(做過)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/as... 懷疑某人/某物是……
suspect that... 懷疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的;懷疑的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①Suspected(suspect) of violating traffic rules,he was questioned by the police.
②We all suspected her to be(be) an actress,but no one knew her.
③I once suspected that he had stolen the money,but later it turned out that I was wrong.
我曾懷疑他偷了錢,但后來證明我錯了。
④The boss suspects him of setting fire but doesn’t have enough proof.
老板懷疑他縱火,但沒有足夠的證據。
4.blame vt.把……歸咎于;責怪;指責 n.責備;指責
教材原文　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
感知　語言再輸入
①In my view,Li Hua,who broke the school rules,was to blame.
②Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而責怪某人/某物
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for) (對壞事)負有責任
(2)lay/put the blame for sth on sb/sth 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
take the blame for sth 承擔對某事的責任
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
②Some people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③Officials believe that more than one person may be to blame(blame) for the fire.
④Blamed for the failure of the performance,Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(情感描寫)
由于演出失敗而受到責備,蒂姆感到一陣悲傷,禁不住痛哭起來。
5.link n.聯系;紐帶 vt.把……連接起來;相關聯
教材原文　Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯諾之后還證實了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的供水公司有關。
感知　語言再輸入
①Undoubtedly,traditional Chinese culture provides a vital link between the present and the past.(傳統文化)
②The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media.(譯林選二U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)There is a link between...and... ……和……之間有聯系
(2)link...to/with... 將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked to... 與……有聯系/有關
運用　補全句子
①The extinction of this kind of animals is closely linked to environmental pollution.(環境保護)
這種動物的滅絕與環境污染密切相關。
②There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits,and as a result,it is necessary for us to link physical health to/with healthy diets.
健康問題和不良的飲食習慣之間是有聯系的,因此,我們有必要將身體健康和健康的飲食聯系起來。
6.decrease n.減少;降低;減少量vt.& vi.(使大小、數量等)減少;減小;降低
教材原文　Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
經過斯諾的不懈努力,供水公司開始銷售潔凈的水,世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅度降低。
感知　語言再輸入
①Furthermore,the number of new students in our school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 last year.
②The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)decrease by　　　　　 減少了
decrease (from...) to (從……)減少到
decrease in 在某方面下降
(2)on the decrease 在下降;在減少
a decrease in sth 某方面的減少/下降
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased by 30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is on the decrease.
③There has been a progressive decrease in population every year in this city.
④The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whale number because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.(環境保護)
過去的五年見證了鯨魚數量的急劇減少,因為它已經成為全世界非法捕獵的主要目標。
7.transform vt.使改觀;使改變形態vi.改變;轉變
教材原文　Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外,通過使用地圖和數據,斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。
感知　語言再輸入
①The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.(外研選三U6)
②She used to be terribly shy,but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)transform...into...　　 使……轉變成……
(2)transformation n. 變化;轉變;改觀
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete transformation (transform) of my hometown.
②Your generous help and kindness transformed my first Canada trip into an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨幫助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成為一個難忘的回憶。
片段鞏固　用frustrated、suspect、blame、link、decrease完成下面的小短文
　　他看上去很沮喪。我懷疑他受到了欺凌。全社會都應該為校園欺凌承擔責任,并采取防御措施來保護學生的身心健康。同時,為了避免與校園欺凌有關的傷害,學生應該學會如何保護自己免受欺凌。希望我們共同努力來減少此類事件的發生。
He 1.looked frustrated (系表結構).I 2.suspected him (謂語+賓語) of being bullied.The whole society 3.should take the blame for school bullying(情態動詞+動詞短語) and take defensive measures in defence of students’ physical and mental health.Meanwhile,to avoid the harm 4.linked to school bullying (過去分詞短語作后置定語),a student should learn how to defend himself from being bullied.It is hoped that the number of such things 5.will be on the decrease with our joint efforts (一般將來時,介詞短語).
典型句式練透
1.句型公式:until引導時間狀語從句
教材原文　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前,霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
感知　語言再輸入
①The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg,surpassing the terminal.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②“I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen,”she later posted.(外研選一U2)
記牢　知識再梳理
not...until...意為“直到……才……”;
not until...倒裝結構:Not until+...+助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞+主語+...。
not until...強調結構:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
運用　補全句子/句式升級
①I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.(2021·浙江6月卷)
我將一直在農場工作直到我掙到足夠的錢幫助爸爸買輛新拖拉機。
②I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)
→It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that I realized how important working with my own hands was.(強調句型)
→Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize how important working with my own hands was.(倒裝)
2.句型公式:so...that... 如此……以至于……
教材原文　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現霍亂在兩條特定的街道上爆發得非常嚴重,以至于10天內就有500多人死亡。
感知　語言再輸入
①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
②So ashamed was he that he could hardly utter even a single word.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)引導結果狀語從句的兩個句型:
①so+
②such+
(2)當so或such位于句首時,主句應用部分倒裝語序。
運用　 一句多譯
我的叔叔是一個非常慷慨的人,以至于周圍的人都很尊敬他。
→My uncle is such a generous person that he is highly thought of by the people around.(such)
→My uncle is so generous a person that he is highly thought of by the people around.(so)
→So generous a person/Such a generous person is my uncle that he is highly thought of by the people around.(倒裝)
片段鞏固　根據漢語提示并使用本部分句式結構完成下面的小短文
　　知識在現代社會中扮演著如此重要的角色以至于它已經成為我們發展的基礎。因此,我們應該努力學習,豐富我們的知識。當然,未來幾年似乎會有無數的障礙。只有致力于我們的國家,我們才能實現我們的中國夢,使國家更加繁榮。
Knowledge 1.plays so important a role in modern society that (so...that...) it has become the basis of our development.So we are expected to work hard and 2.have our knowledge enriched (have sth done).Naturally,3.it seems that (it形式主語) there will be countless barriers in the years to come.4.It is not until we commit ourselves to our country that (not until強調句式) we can realize our China Dream,making our country more prosperous.
高考熱點微練
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.vi.快速運動
②Employees subscribed for far more shares than were available.vi.認購股份
③This role has turned him into a household name.adj.家喻戶曉的
④It was an event that would transform my life.vt.改變
2.選出handle的漢語意思
A.vt.處理　B.vt.操縱　C.n.把手
D.vt.(用手)觸,拿
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全國甲卷)D
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.B
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.C
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.A
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.After a long research,the scientists found that some ideas were slightly contradictory (相互矛盾的).
2.After he got up,Jack washed his face at the water pump (泵) in front of the house.
3.Analyses were conducted on the raw (原始的) data.
4.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of infection(感染).
5.Do you get very frustrated (懊惱的) by slow-moving traffic
6.He focused on his discovery and the statistics /st t st ks/ of his research.
7.Despite her good salary,my aunt measured out every dollar needed for household / ha sh ld/ expenses.
8.Owing to the severe environmental pollution,this species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
9.The businessman subscribes much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
10.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as pure as they expect.
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Exactly which bacteria cause the infection(infect) is still unknown.
2.He was struggling to make the transformation(transform) from a single man to a responsible husband.
3.If they were to act like that again,we should criticize them severely(severe).
4.This is one proof(prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
5.Chinese herbs come from materials that are purely (pure) natural,which have small side effects.
6.All of them blamed the mistake on me,making me quite frustrated (frustrate) and depressed.
7.Besides,your disagreements can also get handled (handle) if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
8.Generally,yellow is linked (link) with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
subscribe to,thanks to,decrease by,once and for all,suspect...of,be linked to
1.After overcoming the difficulty,the team proves once and for all that they are the best.
2.There are a number of people who subscribe to the proposal.
3.The devoted man was recommended as manager of the big company thanks to the recommendation of his professor.
4.Due to the economic recession,house prices in that area have decreased by 3%.
5.The man suspected of stealing the car felt frustrated when hearing the trial result.
6.The proof we collected shows that the spread of the disease is linked to the polluted water.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1.We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.(have+賓語+賓語補足語)
我們開始幫忙摘桃子,然后讓人把它們送到農民家里。
2.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He was so upset that,at first,he wanted to keep it a secret.(so...that...)(譯林選一U2)
聽力的喪失使貝多芬深感沮喪。他是如此難過以至于一開始他想保守秘密。
3.Our city witnesses four different seasons,with plenty of sunshine and good rainfall,but in winter you may feel a little cold.(擬人)
我們的城市見證了四個不同的季節,陽光充足、雨量充沛,但在冬天你可能會覺得有點冷。
4.It was not until I heard the news that I realised that I had won the contest.(not...until...句型的強調句)
直到我聽到消息,我才意識到自己贏得了比賽。
5.It seems that everyone wants to do something for the celebration.(seem)
似乎每個人都想為慶典做些什么。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief from the heat.But your resulting energy bill Not so much.What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise (前提) of Zheng Yi’s new invention.The associate professor at Northeastern University in Boston has created a sustainable material that can be used to make buildings or other objects able to keep cool without relying on conventional cooling systems.
Zheng imagines this material covering the roofs of houses or other buildings.The material,which Zheng has named “cooling paper”,has light colors and internal microstructure with many small holes.It reflects those warm solar rays away from the building,and it also absorbs heat inside—heat that is from electronics,cooking and human bodies.
Cooling paper is,in fact,made of paper.One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper.He thought to himself,“How could we simply transform that waste material into some functional energy material ”So,with the help of a highspeed blender (攪拌機) from his kitchen,Zheng made a pulp (漿狀物) out of it and the material that makes up Teflon,a type of plastic.He then made it into waterproof “cooling paper” that could coat homes.Then,he and his team tested its ability to keep cool:it can reduce temperatures by as much as 6℃.He selected materials that would reduce the cost of using the new technology to cool homes.
The cooling paper isn’t just green in its ability to reduce your energy footprint.The material can be used,exposed to solar radiation and varying temperatures,and then reduced to a pulp(again)and remade without losing any of its cooling properties.“That is incredible!”Zheng says.“We thought there would be maybe 10 to 20 percent of loss,but no.It’s just as well as the original.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了波士頓東北大學的副教授鄭義發明了一種可持續材料“冷卻紙”,它可以在不依賴于傳統的冷卻系統的前提下冷卻空氣。
1.On what basis is Zheng’s new invention created
A.Relieving the discomforts of the heat.
B.Improving traditional cooling systems.
C.Cooling the air without electricity.
D.Reducing electricity use and costs.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise(前提)of Zheng Yi’s new invention.”可知,鄭義的新發明的前提是房子可以自己保持冷卻,即不使用電力。由此可知,鄭義是基于“不使用電冷卻空氣”這一想法來進行發明創造的,故選C。]
2.What does the author say about the material in paragraph 2
A.It works in two ways.
B.It’s complexly structured.
C.It has limited applications.
D.It’s available in dark colors.
答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“It reflects those warm solar rays away...cooking and human bodies.”可知,這種材料能將溫暖的太陽光線反射出去,還能吸收來自室內的電子設備、烹飪和人體的熱量。也就是說,這種材料有兩種工作方式。]
3.Where did Zheng get inspiration for the cooling paper
A.From Teflon.
B.From a pulp.
C.From the blender.
D.From the waste paper.
答案　D　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper...He then made it into waterproof ‘cooling paper’ that could coat homes.”可知,一天,鄭義看到一個裝滿用過的打印紙的箱子。他當時想是否能將這些廢棄材料變為能源材料,然后他將其制成防水的“冷卻紙”。由此可知,廢紙給予了鄭義發明冷卻紙的靈感,故選D。]
4.Which aspect of the cooling paper is mainly stressed in the last paragraph
A.Its practicality.
B.Its recyclability.
C.Its heat resistance.
D.Its user-friendliness.
答案　B　[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The material can be...losing any of its cooling properties.”可知,這種材料可以被使用,暴露在太陽輻射和不同的溫度下,然后被還原成漿,并在不失去任何冷卻性能的情況下被重新制作。由此可推知,最后一段在強調冷卻紙是可回收利用的。A項“它的實用性”;B項“它的可回收利用性”;C項“它的耐熱性”;D項“它的用戶友好性”。故選B。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Many new parents worry about the sleep patterns of their newborns.They are 　1　 that their babies sleep too much.The fact is that babies sleep and it is perfectly 　2　.Here are some facts about babies and sleep that may help to put the minds of 　3　 parents at ease.
The reality is that newborns sleep.There is not any cause for 　4　 if the babies sleep through most of the night and 　5　 sleep a great deal during the day.　6　 the baby sleep reaches up to twenty hours per day,with 　7　 periods of wakefulness,there is no need to worry.
One of the 　8　 why babies sleep a lot is that they are still adjusting to a new environment,and experiencing rapid 　9　 at the same time.A lot of sleep for babies early on is a(n) 　10　 thing.Proper development demands that babies 　11　 a lot.Growth hormones (荷爾蒙) are produced by the pituitary gland (腦垂體) at a much faster rate while babies sleep.
Some parents 　12　 that their babies’ sleeping too much indicates some deficiency (缺陷) in their 　13　 skills.This is not the case at all.Babies sleep because they 　14　 it,not to escape parents who are inattentive or 　15　 in some manner.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章為新手父母解開了嬰兒嗜睡之謎。
1.A.concerned B.guilty
C.curious D.annoyed
答案　A　[根據上句中的“worry about”可知,新手父母“擔心(concerned)”嬰兒睡覺過多。]
2.A.simple B.certain
C.special D.normal
答案　D　[根據第二段中的“The reality is that newborns sleep.”及“there is no need to worry”可知,嬰兒嗜睡是很“正常的(normal)”。]
3.A.strong-minded B.single-minded
C.full-time D.first-time
答案　D　[根據本段第一句中的“new parents”可知,此處是說寬慰“第一次(first-time)”做父母的人。]
4.A.alarm B.caution
C.complaint D.horror
答案　A　[根據上一句內容及本段末的“there is no need to worry”可知,不必因為嬰兒幾乎整夜睡覺,白天“仍然(still)”睡很長時間而“驚慌(alarm)”。]
5.A.just B.seldom
C.still D.already
答案　C　[參見上題解析。]
6.A.Every time B.Even if
C.Now that D.Soon after
答案　B　[“即使(Even if)”嬰兒的睡覺時間達到一天20個小時也不必擔憂。]
7.A.early B.late
C.long D.short
答案　D　[根據本空前的“twenty hours per day”可知,一天睡20個小時的話,清醒的時間應該很“短(short)”。]
8.A.rules B.reasons
C.examples D.goals
答案　B　[本句中的“they are still adjusting to...at the same time”是嬰兒嗜睡的一個“原因(reasons)”。]
9.A.growth B.increase
C.recovery D.formation
答案　A　[根據本段中的“development”、“Growth hormones (荷爾蒙)”及常識可知,嬰兒的“成長(growth)”速度很快。]
10.A.private B.good
C.interesting D.easy
答案　B　[根據本段最后一句內容可知,嬰兒睡覺的時候,腦垂體分泌成長荷爾蒙的速度更快,因此早期的嬰兒多睡覺是件“好(good)”事,嬰兒的正常成長需要他們多“睡覺(sleep)”。]
11.A.eat B.rest
C.sleep D.play
答案　C　[參見上題解析。]
12.A.admit B.understand
C.realize D.think
答案　D　[一些家長“認為(think)”嬰兒睡覺過多表明他們“育兒(parenting)”技能不足。]
13.A.learning B.management
C.parenting D.communication
答案　C　[參見上題解析。]
14.A.love B.mean
C.need D.accept
答案　C　[根據上段內容可知,嬰兒嗜睡是因為他們的成長“需要(need)”充足的睡眠。]
15.A.inactive B.inadequate
C.inconvenient D.indifferent
答案　B　[根據本段中的“deficiency”及“inattentive”可知,這里指嬰兒嗜睡不是為了躲避疏忽大意、“不勝任的(inadequate)”父母。](共88張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—
Language points
內
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點突破
課時測評作業
必 備 知 識 自 測
[核心單詞·練通]
1.　　　　　　 /sI vI (r)/ adj.極為惡劣的;十分嚴重的;嚴厲的
2.　　　　　　 /s b skra b/ vi.認購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)
3.　　　　　　 /s spekt/ vt.& vi.懷疑; 疑有;不信任 / s spekt/ n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象
4.　　　　　　 /bleIm/ vt.把……歸咎于; 責怪;指責 n.責備;指責
5.　　　　　　 / h ndl/ n.把手;拉手;柄 vt.處理;搬動;操縱(車輛、動物、工具等);(用手)觸碰
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
6.　　　　　　 /l k/ n.聯系;紐帶 vt.把……連接起來;相關聯
7.　　　　　　 /s b st n l/ adj.大量的; 價值巨大的;重大的
8.　　　　　　 / di kri s/ n.減少;降低;減少量
/dI kri s/ vt.& vi.(使大小、數量等)減少;減小;降低
9.　　　　　　 /tr ns f m/ vt.使改觀;使改變形態 vi.改變;轉變
link
substantial
decrease
transform
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　 /fr streItId/ adj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的→frustrate vt.使懊惱;使沮喪→frustrating adj.令人沮喪的→frustration n.沮喪;懊惱;挫折
2.　　　　　　 /In fek n/ n.感染;傳染→ 　　　　　　 /In fekt/ vt.使感染;傳染→infectious adj.感染的;傳染性的;有感染力的
3.　　　　　　 /pru f/ n.證據;證明;檢驗→prove vt.證明;證明是
frustrated
infection
infect
proof
4.　　　　　　 / m lt pl/ adj.數量多的; 多種多樣的→multiply vi.& vt.乘;繁殖
5.　　　　　　 / Int ven n/ n.介入;出面; 干涉→intervene vi.干預;介入
6.　　　　　　 /pj (r)/ adj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→purely adv.完全地;純粹地→purify vt.凈化;使……潔凈
multiple
intervention
pure
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.contradictory / k ntr dIkt ri/ adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.germ /d m/ n. 　　　　　　　　
3.pump /p mp/ n. 　　　　　　　　
4.household / ha sh ld/ n. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
5.raw /r / adj. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6.statistic /st t st k/ n.[pl.-s] 　　　　　　　　　　　　
7.microscope / ma kr sk p/ n. 　　　　　　　
相互矛盾的;對立的;不一致的
微生物;細菌;病菌
泵;抽水機;打氣筒
一家人;家庭;同住一所(套)房子的人
未煮的;生的;未經處理的;原始的
統計數字;統計資料;統計學
顯微鏡
[重點短語·再現]
1.　　　　　　　　把……與……聯系起來
2.　　　　　　　　最終地;徹底地
3.　　　　　　　　同意;贊同
4.　　　　　　　　幸虧;由于
5.　　　　　　　　(對某事)負有責任
6.　　　　　　　　懷疑某人某事
link...to/with...
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
be to blame
suspect sb of sth
7.be likely to do sth 　　　　　　　
8.die from the disease 　　　　　　　
9.become a famous doctor 　　　　　　　　
10.attend to 　　　　　　　
11.be infected by waste 　　　　　　　
12.be polluted by raw waste 　　　　　　　　　　　
有可能去做某事
死于這種疾病
成為一名著名醫生
關懷;照料;處理
被廢棄物感染
被未處理的廢棄物污染
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　until引導時間狀語從句
[教材原句]　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, .
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前,霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it
could be overcome
2.[句型公式]　so...that... 如此……以至于……
[教材原句]　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現霍亂疫情在兩條特定的街道上爆發得非常嚴重,以至于10天內就有500多人死亡。
so severe that
3.[句型公式]　It seems/seemed that... 好像……;似乎……
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
這名婦女似乎非常喜歡從水泵抽上來的水,以至于每天都讓人把那里的水運到家里來。
It seemed that
4.[句型公式]　have sth done讓/請某人做某事;使某事被做
[教材原句]　Accordingly,he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 so that it could not be used.
于是,他讓人拆掉了水泵的把手,這樣水泵就不能用了。
had the handle of the
pump removed
5.[句型公式]　無生命名詞+see/find/...
[教材原句]　Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
經過斯諾的不懈努力,供水公司開始銷售潔凈的水,世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅度降低。
saw a substantial decrease
核 心 考 點 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點微練
典型句式練透
核心單詞練透
1.frustrated adj.懊惱的;沮喪的;失意的
教材原文　As a young doctor,John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于無人知道如何預防或治療霍亂,年輕的約翰·斯諾醫生感到沮喪。
感知　語言再輸入
①Frustrated and disappointed,I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness.(心理描寫)
②Although this can be frustrating,it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)feel/be frustrated at/with... 對……感到沮喪/懊惱
(2)frustrating adj. 令人沮喪的
frustrate vt. 挫敗;阻撓;使感到灰心
frustration n. 懊惱,沮喪;挫敗
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①It’s not just about sharing sweets or 　　　　　　　　 (frustrate); it has expanded to almost every aspect of our lives—the whole world seems to be into sharing.
②If we feel sad and 　　　　　　　(frustrate),we can choose the music which gives us power and makes us refreshed.
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in the contest and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 welled up in my eyes.(心理描寫)
我對自己在比賽中的糟糕表現感到沮喪,我的眼睛里涌出懊惱的淚水。
frustration
frustrated
was frustrated at my poor performance
tears of frustration
2.subscribe vi.認購(股份);定期訂購;定期交納(會費)
教材原文　Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯諾贊同第二種看法。
感知　語言再輸入
①All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.
②If you subscribe to this newspaper,you’ll get an extra magazine.
(推薦信)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)subscribe to　 同意;贊同;訂購;捐助
subscribe...to... 向……捐……
(2)subscriber n. 訂閱人;訂購者;定期捐款者
運用　語境辨義/補全句子
①It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school,to which we were sincerely grateful.　　　　　
②To broaden our horizons and enrich our school lives,I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years.
　　　　　
③Do you subscribe to her pessimistic view of the state of the economy
　　　　　
捐助
訂閱
贊同
④All of us 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 a good parent-children relationship is based on mutual understanding and respect.
我們所有人都贊成這個觀點:好的親子關系是基于相互理解和尊重。
subscribe to the view that
3.suspect vt.& vi.懷疑;疑有;不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人;可疑對象
教材原文　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
感知　語言再輸入
①Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.
(外研選一U5)
②Anyone suspected of drunk driving should be stopped and take an alcohol test.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 懷疑某人(做過)某事
suspect sb/sth to be/as... 懷疑某人/某物是……
suspect that... 懷疑……
(2)suspicious adj. 可疑的;懷疑的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①　　　　　　(suspect) of violating traffic rules,he was questioned by the police.
②We all suspected her 　　　　　　(be) an actress,but no one knew her.
③I once 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but later it turned out that I was wrong.
我曾懷疑他偷了錢,但后來證明我錯了。
Suspected
to be
suspected that he had stolen the money
④The boss 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 but doesn’t have enough proof.
老板懷疑他縱火,但沒有足夠的證據。
suspects him of setting fire
4.blame vt.把……歸咎于;責怪;指責 n.責備;指責
教材原文　Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯諾懷疑水泵就是罪魁禍首。
感知　語言再輸入
①In my view,Li Hua,who broke the school rules,was to blame.
②Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)blame sb/sth for sth 因某事而責怪某人/某物
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
be to blame (for) (對壞事)負有責任
(2)lay/put the blame for sth on sb/sth 把某事歸咎于某人/某物
take the blame for sth 承擔對某事的責任
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①We were ready to take the blame 　　　　　　　 what had happened.
②Some people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame 　　　　　　the alarm clock.
③Officials believe that more than one person may be _____________
(blame) for the fire.
for
on
to blame
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn’t help crying bitterly.(情感描寫)
由于演出失敗而受到責備,蒂姆感到一陣悲傷,禁不住痛哭起來。
Blamed for the failure of the performance
5.link n.聯系;紐帶 vt.把……連接起來;相關聯
教材原文　Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
此外,斯諾之后還證實了其他霍亂病例與倫敦不同的供水公司有關。
感知　語言再輸入
①Undoubtedly,traditional Chinese culture provides a vital link between the present and the past.(傳統文化)
②The history of advertising has always been closely linked with that of the mass media.(譯林選二U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)There is a link between...and... ……和……之間有聯系
(2)link...to/with... 將……和……聯系或連接起來
be linked to... 與……有聯系/有關
運用　補全句子
①The extinction of this kind of animals 　　　　　　　　　　　　
environmental pollution.(環境保護)
這種動物的滅絕與環境污染密切相關。
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, and as a result, it is necessary for us to .
健康問題和不良的飲食習慣之間是有聯系的,因此,我們有必要將身體健康和健康的飲食聯系起來。
is closely linked to
There is a link between health problems and bad eating habits
link physical health
to/with healthy diets
6.decrease n.減少;降低;減少量vt.& vi.(使大小、數量等)減少;減小;降低
教材原文　Through Snow’s tireless efforts,water companies began to sell clean water,and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.經過斯諾的不懈努力,供水公司開始銷售潔凈的水,世界各地的霍亂威脅大幅度降低。
感知　語言再輸入
①Furthermore,the number of new students in our school decreased from 2,100 to 1,600 last year.
②The data shows that the past year saw a sharp decrease in the number of people who liked group travel.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)decrease by　　　　 減少了
decrease (from...) to (從……)減少到
decrease in 在某方面下降
(2)on the decrease 在下降;在減少
a decrease in sth 某方面的減少/下降
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The traffic accidents in the city decreased 　　　　　　30% last year.
②It’s reported that the number of violent crimes is 　　　　　　the decrease.
③There has been a progressive decrease 　　　　　population every year in this city.
by
on
in
④ because it has been the main target of the illegal hunt in the whole world.(環境保護)
過去的五年見證了鯨魚數量的急劇減少,因為它已經成為全世界非法捕獵的主要目標。
The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease
of the whale number
7.transform vt.使改觀;使改變形態vi.改變;轉變
教材原文　Moreover,in his use of maps and statistics,Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外,通過使用地圖和數據,斯諾改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。
感知　語言再輸入
①The dining-room window had been transformed into a lovely Japanese print.(外研選三U6)
②She used to be terribly shy,but a year abroad has completely transformed her.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)transform...into...　　 使……轉變成……
(2)transformation n. 變化;轉變;改觀
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The past ten years have witnessed a complete _________________
(transform) of my hometown.
②Your generous help and kindness an unforgettable memory.
你的慷慨幫助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成為一個難忘的回憶。
transformation
transformed my first
Canada trip into
片段鞏固　用frustrated、suspect、blame、link、decrease完成下面的小短文
　　他看上去很沮喪。我懷疑他受到了欺凌。全社會都應該為校園欺凌承擔責任,并采取防御措施來保護學生的身心健康。同時,為了避免與校園欺凌有關的傷害,學生應該學會如何保護自己免受欺凌。希望我們共同努力來減少此類事件的發生。
He 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (系表結構).I 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　 (謂語+賓語) of being bullied.The whole society 3.
(情態動詞+動詞短語) and take defensive measures in defence of students’ physical and mental health.Meanwhile,to avoid the harm
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (過去分詞短語作后置定語),a student should learn how to defend himself from being bullied.It is hoped that the number of such things 5. (一般將來時,介詞短語).
looked frustrated
suspected him
should take the blame for school bullying
linked to school bullying
will be on the
decrease with our joint efforts
1.句型公式:until引導時間狀語從句
教材原文　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world,until a British doctor,John Snow,showed how it could be overcome.
在英國醫生約翰·斯諾向人們展示如何戰勝霍亂之前,霍亂曾是世界上最令人恐懼的疾病之一。
典型句式練透
感知　語言再輸入
①The voice became louder and louder until David dragged his leg, surpassing the terminal.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
②“I wasn’t going to give up until every single publisher turned me down,but I often feared that would happen,”she later posted.
(外研選一U2)
記牢　知識再梳理
not...until...意為“直到……才……”;
not until...倒裝結構:Not until+...+助動詞/系動詞/情態動詞+主語+...。
not until...強調結構:It is/was not until+...+that+其他部分。
運用　補全句子/句式升級
①I would
to help my father buy a new tractor.(2021·浙江6月卷)
我將一直在農場工作直到我掙到足夠的錢幫助爸爸買輛新拖拉機。
keep working on the farm until I earned enough money
②I didn’t realize how important working with my own hands was until I took part in the picking activity.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)
→
I realized how important working with my own hands was.(強調句型)
→
how important working with my own hands was.(倒裝)
It wasn’t until I took part in the picking activity that
Not until I took part in the picking activity did I realize
2.句型公式:so...that... 如此……以至于……
教材原文　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他發現霍亂在兩條特定的街道上爆發得非常嚴重,以至于10天內就有500多人死亡。
感知　語言再輸入
①She was so tired after work that she fell asleep as soon as her head hit the pillow.
②So ashamed was he that he could hardly utter even a single word.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)引導結果狀語從句的兩個句型:
①so+
②such+
(2)當so或such位于句首時,主句應用部分倒裝語序。
運用　 一句多譯
我的叔叔是一個非常慷慨的人,以至于周圍的人都很尊敬他。
→My uncle is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he is highly thought of by the people around.(such)
→My uncle is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 he is highly thought of by the people around.(so)
→
he is highly thought of by the people around.(倒裝)
such a generous person that
so generous a person that
So generous a person/Such a generous person is my uncle that
片段鞏固　根據漢語提示并使用本部分句式結構完成下面的小短文
　　知識在現代社會中扮演著如此重要的角色以至于它已經成為我們發展的基礎。因此,我們應該努力學習,豐富我們的知識。當然,未來幾年似乎會有無數的障礙。只有致力于我們的國家,我們才能實現我們的中國夢,使國家更加繁榮。
Knowledge 1.
(so...that...) it has become the basis of our development.So we are expected to work hard and 2.
(have sth done).Naturally, 3.
(it形式主語) there will be countless barriers in the years to come.
4.
(not until強調句式) we can realize our China Dream,making our country more prosperous.
plays so important a role in modern society that
have our knowledge enriched
it seems that
It is not until we commit ourselves to our country that
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①My heart was pumping with extreme excitement.　　　　　　
②Employees subscribed for far more shares than were available.
　　　　　　
③This role has turned him into a household name.　　　　　　　
④It was an event that would transform my life.　　　　　
vi.快速運動
高考熱點微練
vi.認購股份
adj.家喻戶曉的
vt.改變
2.選出handle的漢語意思
A.vt.處理　B.vt.操縱　C.n.把手　D.vt.(用手)觸,拿
①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.(2022·全國甲卷)　　
②I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.　　
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.
　　
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.　　
D
B
C
A
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.After a long research,the scientists found that some ideas were slightly 　　　　　　　　(相互矛盾的).
2.After he got up,Jack washed his face at the water _____________
(泵) in front of the house.
3.Analyses were conducted on the 　　　　　　　　(原始的) data.
contradictory
pump
raw
4.Being exposed to these surroundings will increase the risk of
　　　　　　　　(感染).
5.Do you get very 　　　　　　　　(懊惱的) by slow-moving traffic
6.He focused on his discovery and the 　　　　　　　　/st t st ks/ of his research.
7.Despite her good salary,my aunt measured out every dollar needed for 　　　　　　　　/ ha sh ld/ expenses.
infection
frustrated
statistics
household
8.Owing to the severe environmental pollution,this species of bird is
d　　　　　　　　 in number every year.
9.The businessman s　　　　　　　　 much money to the university regularly where his son is studying.
10.What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as p　　　　　　　　 as they expect.
ecreasing
ubscribes
ure
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.Exactly which bacteria cause the 　　　　　　　　(infect) is still unknown.
2.He was struggling to make the 　　　　　　　　(transform) from a single man to a responsible husband.
3.If they were to act like that again,we should criticize them
　　　　　　　　(severe).
4.This is one 　　　　　　　　(prove) that environmental factors have a much higher effect than we thought.
infection
transformation
severely
proof
5.Chinese herbs come from materials that are ____________________
(pure) natural,which have small side effects.
6.All of them blamed the mistake on me,making me quite
　　　　　　　　(frustrate) and depressed.
7.Besides,your disagreements can also get 　　　　　　　　(handle) if you put yourselves in others’ shoes.
8.Generally,yellow is 　　　　　　　　(link) with confidence,self-respect and friendliness.
purely
frustrated
handled
linked
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
subscribe to,thanks to,decrease by,once and for all,suspect...of,be linked to
1.After overcoming the difficulty,the team proves ________________
that they are the best.
2.There are a number of people who 　　　　　　　　the proposal.
3.The devoted man was recommended as manager of the big company 　　　　　　　 the recommendation of his professor.
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
4.Due to the economic recession,house prices in that area have
　　　　　　　　3%.
5.The man 　　　　　　　　stealing the car felt frustrated when hearing the trial result.
6.The proof we collected shows that the spread of the disease
　　　　　　　　the polluted water.
decreased by
suspected of
is linked to
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1.We began to help pick peaches and then . (have+賓語+賓語補足語)
我們開始幫忙摘桃子,然后讓人把它們送到農民家里。
2.The loss of his hearing deeply depressed Beethoven.He
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
(so...that...)(譯林選一U2)
聽力的喪失使貝多芬深感沮喪。他是如此難過以至于一開始他想保守秘密。
had them delivered
to the farmers’ houses
was so upset that,at first,he wanted to keep it a secret
3.Our city 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,with plenty of sunshine and good rainfall,but in winter you may feel a little cold.
(擬人)
我們的城市見證了四個不同的季節,陽光充足、雨量充沛,但在冬天你可能會覺得有點冷。
4.
I had won the contest. (not...until...句型的強調句)
直到我聽到消息,我才意識到自己贏得了比賽。
witnesses four different seasons
It was not until I heard the news that I realised that
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 everyone wants to do something for the celebration.(seem)
似乎每個人都想為慶典做些什么。
It seems that
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
Turning on the air conditioning can bring sweet relief from the heat.But your resulting energy bill Not so much.What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise (前提) of Zheng Yi’s new invention.The associate professor at Northeastern University in Boston has created a sustainable material that can be used to make buildings or other objects able to keep cool without relying on conventional cooling systems.
Zheng imagines this material covering the roofs of houses or other buildings.The material,which Zheng has named “cooling paper”,has light colors and internal microstructure with many small holes.It reflects those warm solar rays away from the building,and it also absorbs heat inside—heat that is from electronics,cooking and human bodies.
Cooling paper is,in fact,made of paper.One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper.He thought to himself,“How could we simply transform that waste material into some functional energy material ”So,with the help of a highspeed blender (攪拌機) from his kitchen,Zheng made a pulp (漿狀物) out of it and the material that makes up Teflon,a type of plastic.He then made it into waterproof “cooling paper” that could coat homes.Then,he and his team tested its ability to keep cool:it can reduce temperatures by as much as 6℃.He selected materials that would reduce the cost of using the new technology to cool homes.
The cooling paper isn’t just green in its ability to reduce your energy footprint.The material can be used,exposed to solar radiation and varying temperatures,and then reduced to a pulp(again)and remade without losing any of its cooling properties.“That is incredible!”Zheng says.“We thought there would be maybe 10 to 20 percent of loss,but no.It’s just as well as the original.”
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了波士頓東北大學的副教授鄭義發明了一種可持續材料“冷卻紙”,它可以在不依賴于傳統的冷卻系統的前提下冷卻空氣。
1.On what basis is Zheng’s new invention created
A.Relieving the discomforts of the heat.
B.Improving traditional cooling systems.
C.Cooling the air without electricity.
D.Reducing electricity use and costs.
√
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“What if your home could stay cool all on its own That’s the premise(前提)of Zheng Yi’s new invention.”可知,鄭義的新發明的前提是房子可以自己保持冷卻,即不使用電力。由此可知,鄭義是基于“不使用電冷卻空氣”這一想法來進行發明創造的,故選C。
2.What does the author say about the material in paragraph 2
A.It works in two ways. B.It’s complexly structured.
C.It has limited applications. D.It’s available in dark colors.
解析　推理判斷題。根據第二段中的“It reflects those warm solar rays away...cooking and human bodies.”可知,這種材料能將溫暖的太陽光線反射出去,還能吸收來自室內的電子設備、烹飪和人體的熱量。也就是說,這種材料有兩種工作方式。
√
3.Where did Zheng get inspiration for the cooling paper
A.From Teflon. B.From a pulp.
C.From the blender. D.From the waste paper.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“One day,Zheng saw a container full of used printing paper...He then made it into waterproof ‘cooling paper’ that could coat homes.”可知,一天,鄭義看到一個裝滿用過的打印紙的箱子。他當時想是否能將這些廢棄材料變為能源材料,然后他將其制成防水的“冷卻紙”。由此可知,廢紙給予了鄭義發明冷卻紙的靈感,故選D。
√
4.Which aspect of the cooling paper is mainly stressed in the last paragraph
A.Its practicality.
B.Its recyclability.
C.Its heat resistance.
D.Its user-friendliness.
√
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“The material can be...losing any of its cooling properties.”可知,這種材料可以被使用,暴露在太陽輻射和不同的溫度下,然后被還原成漿,并在不失去任何冷卻性能的情況下被重新制作。由此可推知,最后一段在強調冷卻紙是可回收利用的。A項“它的實用性”;B項“它的可回收利用性”;C項“它的耐熱性”;D項“它的用戶友好性”。故選B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
Many new parents worry about the sleep patterns of their newborns.They are 　1　 that their babies sleep too much.The fact is that babies sleep and it is perfectly 　2　.Here are some facts about babies and sleep that may help to put the minds of 　3　 parents at ease.
The reality is that newborns sleep.There is not any cause for 　4　 if the babies sleep through most of the night and 　5　 sleep a great deal during the day.　6　 the baby sleep reaches up to twenty hours per day,with 　7　 periods of wakefulness,there is no need to worry.
One of the 　8　 why babies sleep a lot is that they are still adjusting to a new environment,and experiencing rapid 　9　 at the same time.A lot of sleep for babies early on is a(n) 　10　 thing. Proper development demands that babies 　11　 a lot.Growth hormones (荷爾蒙) are produced by the pituitary gland (腦垂體) at a much faster rate while babies sleep.
Some parents 　12　 that their babies’ sleeping too much indicates some deficiency (缺陷) in their 　13　 skills.This is not the case at all.Babies sleep because they 　14　 it,not to escape parents who are inattentive or 　15　 in some manner.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章為新手父母解開了嬰兒嗜睡之謎。
1.A.concerned B.guilty C.curious D.annoyed
解析　根據上句中的“worry about”可知,新手父母“擔心(concerned)”嬰兒睡覺過多。
2.A.simple B.certain C.special D.normal
解析　根據第二段中的“The reality is that newborns sleep.”及“there is no need to worry”可知,嬰兒嗜睡是很“正常的(normal)”。
√
√
3.A.strong-minded B.single-minded
C.full-time D.first-time
解析　根據本段第一句中的“new parents”可知,此處是說寬慰“第一次(first-time)”做父母的人。
4.A.alarm B.caution C.complaint D.horror
解析　根據上一句內容及本段末的“there is no need to worry”可知,不必因為嬰兒幾乎整夜睡覺,白天“仍然(still)”睡很長時間而“驚慌(alarm)”。
√
√
5.A.just B.seldom C.still D.already
解析　參見上題解析。
6.A.Every time B.Even if C.Now that D.Soon after
解析　“即使(Even if)”嬰兒的睡覺時間達到一天20個小時也不必擔憂。
√
√
7.A.early B.late C.long D.short
解析　根據本空前的“twenty hours per day”可知,一天睡20個小時的話,清醒的時間應該很“短(short)”。
8.A.rules B.reasons C.examples D.goals
解析　本句中的“they are still adjusting to...at the same time”是嬰兒嗜睡的一個“原因(reasons)”。
√
√
9.A.growth B.increase C.recovery D.formation
解析　根據本段中的“development”、“Growth hormones (荷爾蒙)”及常識可知,嬰兒的“成長(growth)”速度很快。
10.A.private B.good C.interesting D.easy
解析　根據本段最后一句內容可知,嬰兒睡覺的時候,腦垂體分泌成長荷爾蒙的速度更快,因此早期的嬰兒多睡覺是件“好(good)”事,嬰兒的正常成長需要他們多“睡覺(sleep)”。
√
√
11.A.eat B.rest C.sleep D.play
解析　參見上題解析。
12.A.admit B.understand C.realize D.think
解析　一些家長“認為(think)”嬰兒睡覺過多表明他們“育兒(parenting)”技能不足。
√
√
13.A.learning B.management
C.parenting D.communication
解析　參見上題解析。
14.A.love B.mean C.need D.accept
解析　根據上段內容可知,嬰兒嗜睡是因為他們的成長“需要(need)”充足的睡眠。
√
√
15.A.inactive B.inadequate
C.inconvenient D.indifferent
解析　根據本段中的“deficiency”及“inattentive”可知,這里指嬰兒嗜睡不是為了躲避疏忽大意、“不勝任的(inadequate)”父母。
√

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