資源簡介

Section Ⅳ　Using Language
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China
A.He wanted to serve his country.
B.He met with difficulties in America.
C.He was a hero in China.
D.He missed his family.
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to passage 1
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
3.How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths.
D.Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
4.What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease
A.Cleverness. B.Dreams.
C.Determination. D.Mistakes.
答案　1.A　2.A　3.C　4.C
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
Ⅲ.難句解構
1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
學會斷句:此句是復合句,主句為Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation;after引導的是時間狀語從句,because引導的是原因狀語從句,that引導的是賓語從句。
嘗試翻譯:不過,1932年淞滬抗戰爆發后,錢學森決定轉而學習航空專業,因為他意識到中國需要擁有自己強大的空軍來保衛國家。
2.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures,Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.
學會斷句:此句是復合句,stood up和pointed out是并列謂語,that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是賓語從句,從屬連詞that可省略。
嘗試翻譯:在霍伊爾的一次講座后的問答環節中,霍金站了起來,指出霍伊爾在數學計算中犯了一個錯誤。
[核心單詞·練通]
1.thinking / θ k / n.思想;思維;見解
2.solid / s l d/ adj.可靠的;固體的;堅實的 n.固體
3.cast /kɑ st/ vt.(cast,cast)投射;向……投以(視線、笑容等);投擲
4.shadow / d / n.陰影;影子;背光處
5.pour /p (r)/ vt.倒出;傾瀉;斟(飲料)
6.trace /treIs/ vt.追溯;追蹤;查出
n.痕跡;遺跡;蹤跡
7.outstanding /a t st ndI / adj.優秀的;杰出的;明顯的
8.abstract / bstr kt/ adj.抽象的;理論上的 n.(文獻等的)摘要
9.concept / k nsept/ n.概念;觀念
10.besides /b sa dz/ prep.除……之外(還) adv.而且;此外
11.furthermore / f m (r)/ adv.此外;再者
12.fault /f lt/ n.弱點;過錯
13.shift / ft/ n.改變;轉換;輪班 vi.& vt.轉移;挪動;轉向
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.finding / fa nd / n.發現;調查結果;(法律)判決→find (found,found) vt.發現
2.initial / n l/ adj.最初的;開始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;最初
3.mechanical /m k nIkl/ adj.機械的;發動機的;機器的→mechanic /m k nIk/ n.機械師;機械修理工→mechanism n.機械裝置
4.defend /dI fend/ vt.保衛;防守;辯解→
defence/defense n.防御;保衛
5.assistant / sIst nt/ n.助理;助手→assist vt.幫助;協助→assistance n.幫助;協助;援助
6.leadership / li d Ip/ n.領導;領導地位;領導才能→leader n.領導→lead v.引路;引領;導致;處于領先地位
7.gifted / ɡ ft d/ adj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→gift n.禮物;天賦;天資
8.steady / stedi/ adj.穩定的;平穩的;穩步的→steadily adv.穩定地;平穩地;穩步地
9.astronomer / str n m (r)/ n.天文學家→astronomy / str n mi/ n.天文學
10.vivid / v v d/ adj.生動的;鮮明的;豐富的→vividly adv.生動地
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.protein / pr ti n/ n.蛋白質
2.cell /sel/ n.細胞;小房間;單間牢房
3.virus / va r s/ n.病毒
4.framework / fre mw k/ n.框架;結構
5.rainbow / re nb / n.彩虹
6.concrete / k kri t/ n.混凝土
adj.混凝土制的;確實的;具體的
7.aerospace / e r speIs/ n.航空航天工業
8.patriotic / peItri tIk/ adj.愛國的
9.aviation / eIvi eI n/ n.航空制造業;航空;飛行
10.jet /d et/ n.噴氣式飛機
11.missile / mIsaIl/ n.導彈
[重點短語·再現]
1.have an impact on對……有影響
2.break out
(戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始;爆發
3.in charge of主管;掌管
4.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
5.above all最重要的是;尤其是
6.discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
7.take on the challenge接受挑戰
8.under one’s leadership在某人的領導下
9.be traced back to追溯到
10.be familiar with對……熟悉
11.serve his homeland with effort
努力為他的祖國服務
12.an extremely well-respected man
一個非常受人尊敬的人
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　 “否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義
[教材原句]　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.　也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。
2.[句型公式]　過去分詞(短語)作狀語
[教材原句]　Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
錢學森1911年生于上海,在北京上學,后來進入上海交通大學學習鐵路機械工程。
3.[句型公式]　not only...but also...不僅……而且……
[教材原句]　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學,而且負責中國的太空和導彈項目。
4.[句型公式]　make+賓語+賓語補足語
[教材原句]　However,what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,使他成為如此杰出和有創造力的科學家的(原因)可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的強烈興趣。
核心單詞練透
1.defend vt.保衛;防守;辯解
教材原文　...because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.　……因為他意識到中國需要擁有自己強大的空軍來保衛國家。
感知　語言再輸入
①Driven by a sense of commitment,a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.(外研選三U3)
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend/in defence of his son like an arrow.(動作描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)defend...from/against... 保護……免受……的傷害
defend oneself 自衛;為自己辯護
(2)defence n. 防御;保護;辯護
in defence of 保護;為……辯護
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①Some of his colleagues felt he could have defended himself (he) because he was innocent.
②Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves against/from infection.(倡議書)
③He spoke in defence (defend) of his client,arguing that she was innocent.
④It is the nature of a mother to do all she can to defend her child from harm and danger.
總是會竭盡全力保護孩子免受傷害和危險是一個母親的天性。
2.fault n.弱點;過錯
教材原文　Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。
感知　語言再輸入
①Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.
②He’s proud of his children and blind to their faults.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)find fault with　　　 挑剔,找茬
at fault 負有責任;有過錯
(2)faulty adj. 有錯誤的;不完美的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The plan is faulty(fault) in every respect so we should perfect it.
②Nobody knew who was at fault for the train accident.
③Life can be great when you are not busy finding fault with it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活,生活可以很美好。
3.break out(戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始;爆發
教材原文　However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...
不過,1932年淞滬抗戰爆發后,錢學森決定轉而學習航空專業……
感知　語言再輸入
①In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.(譯林選三U4)
②The cries of women broke out;the men looked at each other,but were silent.(譯林必三U2)
記牢　知識再梳理
break away from　　 脫離/掙脫……
break down 出故障;壞掉;失敗;(身體等)垮掉;消除
break in 插話;破門而入
break into 強行闖入;突然開始
break up 打碎;結束;(關系等)破裂
運用　用break短語填空/補全句子
①World War Ⅰ had broken out months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together...(外研必二U3)
②The analysis shows that plastics,particularly those that break down fast,are contributing to the climate change.
③Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to break away from my friends and never contact them.
④He broke in rudely,“I am not to blame.”And then he stormed out of the room in anger.(情緒描寫)
他粗魯地插嘴道:“我不應受責備。”然后,他憤怒地沖出了房間。
4.in charge of主管;掌管;負責
教材原文　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學而且負責中國的太空和導彈項目。
感知　語言再輸入
①Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways (外研選二U1)
②“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man,taking charge of the situation.(譯林選四U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in the charge of　　 由……負責;被……掌管
take charge of 負責/看管(表動作)
free of charge 免費
(2)charge (sb) for sth 為……(向某人)收費/要價
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks,because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money for the stolen ring.Luckily,a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free of charge.
②我負責學校廣播站的英語節目“Talk and Talk”。
→I take charge of/am in charge of “Talk and Talk”,which is an English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is in the charge of me,which is an English program in our school radio station.
5.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
教材原文　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.
自從得了一種使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后,他的世界就變成了一個抽象思維的世界。
感知　語言再輸入
①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease,we are quite concerned about you.
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
記牢　知識再梳理
come across　　　 (偶然)遇見,碰見;被理解
come about 發生(無被動形式)
come up 走近;上來;被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 當談到……
運用　用come短語填空/補全句子
①The instant I knew that my partner came down with a severe illness,a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
③When it comes to English learning,I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
談到英語學習,我有以下實用的建議與你們分享。
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
教材原文　Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。
感知　語言再輸入
①Above all, I have a good command of English,so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.
②Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went after all.
記牢　知識再梳理
after all　　　　 畢竟;終究
all in all 整體說來;總而言之
in all 全部;合計
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一點兒也不;(疑問句)到底;究竟
運用　用all短語填空/補全句子
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.First of all/Above all,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.After all,you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.All in all,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy at all.(推薦信)
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed to handle the four problems in all.
多虧您及時慷慨的幫助,我成功地處理了全部四個問題。
片段鞏固　用defend、break out、in charge of、come down with、above all完成下面的小短文
　　袁隆平,“雜交水稻之父”,曾經說過,如果我們想成功,最重要的是,我們應該相信自己。他成功生產出供國內外更多人口食用的稻米。即使災難爆發,我們現在也可以保護自己免于饑餓。在他的影響下,越來越多的年輕人負責雜交水稻的研究。不幸的是,他患上了嚴重的疾病,于2021年5月22日與世長辭。
Yuan Longping,“the father of hybrid rice”,once said if we want to succeed,1.above all (插入語),we should believe in ourselves.He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.We can now 2.defend ourselves from starvation even if disasters break out (讓步狀語從句).Under his influence,more and more young people are 3.in charge of the research of (介詞短語) hybrid rice.Unfortunately,he 4.came down with a severe illness (動詞短語) and passed away on May 22,2021.
典型句式練透
1.句型公式:過去分詞(短語)作狀語
教材原文　Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
錢學森1911年出生于上海,在北京上學,之后進入上海交通大學學習鐵路機械工程。
感知　語言再輸入
①Influenced by Steve Jobs,he focuses on details and seeks perfection in everything.
②Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.(外研必三U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)及物動詞的過去分詞(短語)作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作;不及物動詞的過去分詞(短語)作狀語只表示完成的動作。
(2)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時應注意人稱一致。
(3)有的過去分詞已經轉化成了形容詞,作狀語時不表示動作而是表示主語的一種狀態。
運用　單句語法填空/句式升級
①Approached(approach) in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.(外研必三U1)
②Filled(fill) with anger,you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(外研必三U1)
③Surprised(surprise) and happy,he stood up and accepted the prize.
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.(過去分詞短語作狀語)
2.句型公式:not only...but also... 不僅……而且……
教材原文　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學,而且負責中國的太空和導彈計劃。
感知　語言再輸入
①Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it,they could also interact with it—literally.(外研選一U4)
②Not only is country music popular in the south,but blues,rock and roll,bluegrass,and jazz are popular in the south as well.(人教必三U3)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)“not only...but also...”連接兩個并列成分,如兩個主語、賓語、狀語等;
(2)“not only...but also...”連接兩個分句,且“not only...”置于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝;
(3)“not only...but also...”連接兩個主語時,要根據but also后的主語決定謂語動詞的單復數形式,即遵循“就近一致”原則。
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,but gives(give) the opportunity to build for the future.(外研選二U2)
②Not only I but also my friend has gained(gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far.(2022·浙江1月卷)
③通過這次活動,我們不僅獲得了園藝知識,而且對大自然有了更好的了解。
→We not only gained knowledge of gardening,but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.
→Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening,but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(部分倒裝)
片段鞏固　根據漢語提示并使用本部分句式結構完成下面的小短文
　　艾薩克·牛頓于1643年出生于英國,被公認為有史以來最偉大、最有天賦的科學家之一。
1661年進入劍橋大學后,牛頓專心于現代科學,開始了他的高等教育。對他來說,沒有什么比參與科學研究更令人愉快的了。畢業后,他花了兩年半的時間寫了一本書,這本書不僅是牛頓的杰作,也是現代科學的基礎著作。隨著時間的推移,他在光學、力學、現代物理學和數學方面有了更多的發現。
1.Born in England in 1643(過去分詞短語作狀語),Isaac Newton has been recognised as one of the greatest and most gifted scientists ever.
After entering Cambridge in 1661,Newton began his higher education by devoting himself to modern science.For him,2.nothing was more pleasant than getting involved in scientific research(否定詞+比較級).After graduation,he spent two and a half years working on a book,which is 3.not only Newton’s masterpiece but also the basic work for the modern science(not only...but also...).As time went by,he made more discoveries in optics,mechanics,modern physics and mathematics.
高考熱點微練
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)n.變動
②While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey,Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)adj.可靠的
③He is a man with a vivid imagination and stands out in his colleagues.adj.豐富的
④On a day of brilliant sunshine,we went camping.adj.明媚的
2.選出charge的漢語意思
A.vt.控告　B.n.負責　C.vi.向……沖去
D.vt.收費　E.vt.給……充電
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.B
②The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.D
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.A
④When you charge your phone,it should generate a small amount of heat.E
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.C
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.After she’d overcome her initial (最初的) shyness,she became very friendly.
2.A rainbow (彩虹) is usually seen after a heavy rain.
3.After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night shift(輪班) again.
4.All the teachers are satisfied with your brilliant (絕妙的) performance in the speech contest.
5.Do you have any concrete (具體的) ways to deal with this difficult problem
6.He faces the toughest test of his leadership / li d p/ so far.
7.His father claims to be able to trace /tre s/ the family back to many centuries ago.
8.If you always try to find fault with others,it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
9.As is known to us all,Dr.Yuan Longping was an outstanding Chinese scientist in agriculture.
10.A heavy rain suddenly poured down;as a result,the sports meeting was put off.
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant(assist) to my English teacher.
2.It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was.
3.Poems,conveying certain emotions,can vividly (vivid) transform reality into literature.
4.These years,our company has been developing steadily (steady).
5.In reality,the mechanic made a severe mistake,shifting(shift) nervously from one foot to another.
6. Initially(initial),it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
7.Stop the negative thinking(think)and focus on solving those problems.
8.No matter how gifted(gift)you are,you alone cannot change the world.
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
break out,in charge of,come down with,above all,be traced back to,take on
1.There will be many challenges ahead,but I have confidence that I’ll take on the burden.
2.You are in charge of the company,so you should take responsibility for what you said.
3.Above all,we must be honest about what we do not know.
4.Nobody knew when the fire broke out,but they knew it was put out the next morning.
5.Did anyone else in your family come down with a fever
6.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou can be traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty.
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1.Informed that you are interested in paper-cutting,I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday.(過去分詞短語作狀語;邀請信)
我被告知你對剪紙感興趣,我寫信邀請你參加我們學校下周日舉行的剪紙展覽會。
2.Honestly speaking,I have never seen a more responsible person than our monitor.(“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義)
說實話,我從來沒有見過比我們班長更負責任的人。
3.Not only should we show respect for the great scientists,but we should also learn the scientific spirits from them.(not only...but also...;倒裝結構)
我們不僅要尊重這些偉大的科學家,而且要學習他們的科學精神。
4.What impresses us most is that my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help.(主語從句;2023·天津3月卷)
令我們印象最深刻的是我的同桌總是樂意幫助任何需要幫助的人。
5.While picking oranges,I realized how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.(狀語從句的省略)
在摘橘子的時候,我意識到農民在農田里勞作是多么的艱苦。
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
My father,Paul Andrew Figura,was a die-hard fisherman.In my 　1　,we went out fishing in all kinds of weather,catching and missing nearly every fish in countless waterways.
Whenever we 　2　,Mom would ask,“What time will you be back ” “When we can’t see the 　3　,” Dad would respond.He often 　4　 it.Sometimes Dad would ask me to 　5　 some food and water and we’d fish the entire day.I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n) 　6　 factor behind his success.It was one 　7　 after another after another.
The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t 　8　.Days when the weather was awful,when the mosquitoes were biting,when my hands were cold.Times when I just wanted to 　9　 and go home.Dad’s 　10　 “Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　11　 your line.Keep casting,” he’d say.
I learned early the importance of 　12　 and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.Sooner or later they’d 　13　.I took that same attitude into my school work.　14　,I got many awards at college.I applied it 　15　 to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者的父親是一個不屈不撓的漁夫。作者從小和父親一起去捕魚,耳濡目染中作者被父親堅持不懈的精神所感染,這也成就了他現在的成功。
1.A.dream B.career
C.childhood D.adulthood
答案　C　[根據語境和后文“Times when I just wanted to 　　　　and go home.Dad’s 　　　　 ‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,這是介紹作者童年(childhood)的經歷。]
2.A.got up B.reached out
C.stepped back D.set off
答案　D　[根據語境和后文“Mom would ask,‘What time will you be back ’”可知,此處是指作者和父親出發(set off)去釣魚的時候。]
3.A.camps B.lines
C.tracks D.cottages
答案　B　[根據語境和后文“Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.”可知,此處是指釣魚的線(lines)。此空處所填詞正是下文的 line 的原詞復現。這些原詞有時離設空較近,有時可能在文章的結尾。利用原詞復現解題需要把題目選項中的詞匯與原文仔細比對,并結合句意確定答案。]
4.A.forgot B.rejected
C.recalled D.meant
答案　D　[根據語境和后文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,父親是一個堅持的人,說到做到。mean it說話算數;言出必行。]
5.A.make B.pack
C.heat D.freeze
答案　B　[根據語境和后文“some food and water and we’d fish the entire day”可知,此處是指把食物和水塞進包里。pack打包,塞滿。]
6.A.cultural B.random
C.major D.external
答案　C　[根據常識和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n)”以及后文“factor behind his success”可知,此處是指他的堅持、快速的撒網技術,是他成功的主要(major)因素。]
7.A.cast B.step
C.strike D.risk
答案　A　[根據語境和前文“rapid-fire casting technique”以及后文“after another after another”可知,此處是指不停地撒網(cast)。]
8.A.swimming B.dancing
C.gathering D.biting
答案　D　[根據常識和前文“The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t”可知,此處是指父親教我處理魚不咬鉤(biting)的情況。]
9.A.wander B.play
C.quit D.sleep
答案　C　[根據語境和后文“and go home”可知,此處是指作者想停止(quit)釣魚,然后回家。]
10.A.response B.intention
C.evaluation D.situation
答案　A　[根據語境和前文“Times when I just wanted to 　　　　and go home.”以及后文“‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,此處是指父親對想回家的作者做出的回應(response)。故選A項。]
11.A.abandon B.monitor
C.fetch D.wet
答案　D　[根據常識和前文“It was one 　　　　after another after another.”可知,釣魚時不停地撒網,由此推知,撒網的時候網會濕(wet)。]
12.A.kindness B.insistence
C.confidence D.business
答案　B　[根據語境和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,此處是指想釣到魚,父親教作者堅持(insistence)和不停地嘗試不同魚食的重要性。]
13.A.cooperate B.progress
C.resist D.integrate
答案　A　[根據語境和前文“I learned early the importance of 　　　　and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.”可知,此處是指想釣到魚,堅持和不停地嘗試不同魚食,魚兒遲早會“配合(cooperate)”的,即上鉤。]
14.A.In surprise B.As a result
C.Ahead of time D.In particular
答案　B　[根據語境和后文“I got many awards at college”可知,此處是指父親對作者影響的結果(As a result)。]
15.A.intentionally B.casually
C.hesitantly D.temporarily
答案　A　[根據語境和前文“I applied it”以及后文“to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today”可知,作為一個成年人,我有意地(intentionally)把它應用到我的工作中,它成就了現在的我。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
When the winter approaches,tanghulu,a traditional Chinese snack can be found on the street corner in northern China.Since ancient times,it 1.　　　　　　 (be) very popular with natives,especially children.
Tanghulu is 2.　　　　　　 (common) made of haws (山楂果),which are rich in vitamin C and are known 3.　　　　　　 (have) traditional Chinese medicinal properties.According to a legend,in Song Dynasty,one of the emperor’s 4.　　　　　　 (wife) was sick and had 5.　　　　　　 poor appetite.The doctor suggested that she eat five to ten haws 6.　　　　　　 (boil) with sugar before each meal.She recovered within half a month.Later,the prescription was passed on 7.　　　　　　 ordinary people.
People put haws on a stick,dipped them in hot sugar syrup (糖漿) and dried.The syrup finally turned into a solid coating,like the crystal on the surface of haws.That is 8.　　　　　　 they are also called bingtanghulu.9.　　　　　　 origin story says that the very first tanghulu only had two haws—a small one on the top and a big one below,making it resemble a hulu,a bringer of good luck.
With sour haws and sweet sugar,the taste of tanghulu is a combination of flavors,which often 10.　　　　　　 (remind) people of their happy childhoods.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了糖葫蘆的起源、做法與味道等。
1.has been　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據本句中的時間狀語“Since ancient times”和語境可知,此處應用現在完成時,又因為主語it表示單數,所以空處應用現在完成時的單數形式,故填has been。]
2.commonly　[考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知,空處作狀語,修飾動詞made,應用副詞形式,故填commonly。]
3.to have　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處應用動詞不定式短語“to have traditional Chinese medicinal properties”作主語補足語。]
4.wives　[考查名詞的單復數。根據空前的“one of”可知,這位皇帝的妻子不止一位,故空處要用可數名詞復數形式,wife的復數形式為不規則變化wives。故填wives。]
5.a　[考查冠詞。此處表示“胃口不好”,且poor的發音以輔音音素開頭,故應用“a poor appetite”表示,故要用不定冠詞a。]
6.boiled　[考查非謂語動詞。該從句中已有謂語動詞eat,故空處應用動詞的非謂語形式,又因空處與haws之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故此處用過去分詞短語“boiled with sugar”作其后置定語。]
7.to　[考查介詞。pass sth on to sb意為“把某物傳給某人”,是固定用法,符合語境。]
8.why　[考查名詞性從句。根據語境可知,“The syrup finally...on the surface of haws”與“they are also called bingtanghulu”之間存在因果關系,且表語從句中缺少狀語,表示“為什么”,故此處用why引導表語從句。]
9.Another　[考查限定詞。根據第二段第二句中的“a legend”并結合語境可知,此處在講另一個有關糖葫蘆起源的故事,表示“又一,再一”,故填限定詞Another。]
10.reminds　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語“often”和句意可知,該從句的謂語動詞要用一般現在時,且which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞“a combination of flavors”,表示單數意義,故該從句的謂語動詞用單數形式,故填reminds。 ](共98張PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Using Language
內
容
索
引
必備知識自測
核心考點突破
課時測評作業
文本整體理解
文 本 整 體 理 解
Ⅰ.Read for details
Read the passages carefully and choose the best answers.
1.Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China
A.He wanted to serve his country.
B.He met with difficulties in America.
C.He was a hero in China.
D.He missed his family.
√
2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to passage 1
A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing.
B.His research in the United States.
C.His friends’ encouragement.
D.His habit of reading a lot.
√
3.How was Hawking’s own theory proved correct
A.Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself.
B.He worked with others to prove it true.
C.He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle’s mistake in the maths.
D.Hawking was the most famous scientist in physics at the moment.
√
4.What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease
A.Cleverness. B.Dreams.
C.Determination. D.Mistakes.
√
Ⅱ.Read for the structure
spirit
challenge
gifted
astronomers
faults
Ⅲ.難句解構
1.However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
學會斷句:此句是　　　　句,主句為Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation;after引導的是　　　　　　從句,because引導的是　　　　　　從句,that引導的是　　　　從句。
嘗試翻譯:　　　　　　　　　　　
復合
時間狀語
原因狀語
賓語
不過,1932年淞滬抗戰爆發后,錢學森決定轉而學習航空專業,因為他意識到中國需要擁有自己強大的空軍來保衛國家。
2.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures,Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.
學會斷句:此句是　　　　句,stood up和pointed out是并列　　　　, that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths是　　　　從句,從屬連詞that可省略。
嘗試翻譯:　
復合
謂語
賓語
在霍伊爾的一次講座后的問答環節中,霍金站了起來,指出霍伊爾在數學計算中犯了一個錯誤。
必 備 知 識 自 測
[核心單詞·練通]
1.　　　　　　 / θ k / n.思想;思維;見解
2.　　　　　　 / s l d/ adj.可靠的;固體的;堅實的 n.固體
3.　　　　　　 /kɑ st/ vt.(　　　　　　　　, 　　　　　　　　)投射;向……投以(視線、笑容等);投擲
4.　　　　　　 / d / n.陰影;影子;背光處
5.　　　　　　 /p (r)/ vt.倒出;傾瀉;斟(飲料)
6.　　　　　　 /treIs/ vt.追溯;追蹤;查出 n.痕跡;遺跡;蹤跡
thinking
solid
cast
cast
cast
shadow
pour
trace
7.　　　　　　 /a t st ndI / adj.優秀的; 杰出的;明顯的
8.　　　　　　 / bstr kt/ adj.抽象的; 理論上的 n.(文獻等的)摘要
9.　　　　　　 / k nsept/ n.概念;觀念
10.　　　　　　 /b sa dz/ prep.除……之外(還) adv.而且;此外
11.　　　　　　 / f m (r)/ adv.此外;再者
12.　　　　　　 /f lt/ n.弱點;過錯
13.　　　　　　 / ft/ n.改變;轉換;輪班 vi.& vt.轉移;挪動;轉向
outstanding
abstract
concept
besides
furthermore
fault
shift
[拓展單詞·用活]
1.　　　　　　 / fa nd / n.發現;調查結果;(法律)判決→find (found,found) vt.發現
2.　　　　　　 / n l/ adj.最初的;開始的;第一的→initially adv.起初;最初
3.　　　　　　 /m k nIkl/ adj.機械的;發動機的;機器的→
　　　　　　 /m k nIk/ n.機械師;機械修理工→mechanism n.機械裝置
finding
initial
mechanical
mechanic
4.　　　　　　 /dI fend/ vt.保衛;防守;辯解→defence/defense n.防御;保衛
5.　　　　　　 / sIst nt/ n.助理;助手→ assist vt.幫助;協助→assistance n.幫助;協助;援助
6.　　　　　　 / li d Ip/ n.領導;領導地位;領導才能→leader n.領導→lead v.引路;引領;導致;處于領先地位
7.　　　　　　 / ɡ ft d/ adj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→gift n.禮物;天賦;天資
defend
assistant
leadership
gifted
8.　　　　　　 / stedi/ adj.穩定的;平穩的;穩步的→steadily adv.穩定地;平穩地;穩步地
9.　　　　　　 / str n m (r)/ n.天文學家→
　　　　　　 / str n mi/ n.天文學
10.　　　　　　 / v v d/ adj.生動的;鮮明的;豐富的→vividly adv.生動地
steady
astronomer
astronomy
vivid
[閱讀單詞·識記]
1.protein / pr ti n/ n. 　　　　　　　
2.cell /sel/ n. 　　　　　　　　　　
3.virus / va r s/ n. 　　　　　　　
4.framework / fre mw k/ n. 　　　　　　　
5.rainbow / re nb / n. 　　　　　　　
6.concrete / k kri t/ n. 　　　　　　　　
adj. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　
蛋白質
細胞;小房間;單間牢房
病毒
框架;結構
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的;確實的;具體的
7.aerospace / e r speIs/ n. 　　　　　　　
8.patriotic / peItri tIk/ adj. 　　　　　　　
9.aviation / eIvi eI n/ n. 　　　　　　　　　　　
10.jet /d et/ n. 　　　　　　　
11.missile / mIsaIl/ n. 　　　　　　　
航空航天工業
愛國的
航空制造業;航空;飛行
噴氣式飛機
導彈
[重點短語·再現]
1.　　　　　　　　　　對……有影響
2.　　　　　　　　(戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始;爆發
3.　　　　　　　　主管;掌管
4.　　　　　　　　患(病);染上(小病)
5.　　　　　　　　最重要的是;尤其是
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　阻止某人做某事
have an impact on
break out
in charge of
come down with
above all
discourage sb from doing sth
7.take on the challenge 　　　　　　　
8.under one’s leadership 　　　　　　　
9.be traced back to 　　　　　　　
10.be familiar with 　　　　　　　
11.serve his homeland with effort 　　　　　　　　　　
12.an extremely well-respected man 　　　　　　　　　　　
接受挑戰
在某人的領導下
追溯到
對……熟悉
努力為他的祖國服務
一個非常受人尊敬的人
[典型句式·默背]
根據課文語境及漢語提示補全句子
1.[句型公式]　 “否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義
[教材原句]　Perhaps 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.
也許再沒有哪一位科學家比錢學森對中國航天科學的影響更大了。
no other scientist has had a greater
impact on
2.[句型公式]　過去分詞(短語)作狀語
[教材原句]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
錢學森1911年生于上海,在北京上學,后來進入上海交通大學學習鐵路機械工程。
Born in Shanghai in 1911
3.[句型公式]　not only...but also...不僅……而且……
[教材原句]　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學,而且負責中國的太空和導彈項目。
not only developing China’s rocket
science but also
4.[句型公式]　make+賓語+賓語補足語
[教材原句]　However,what might have
was probably his strong interest in other things,such as music and drawing.
然而,使他成為如此杰出和有創造力的科學家的(原因)可能是因為他對音樂、繪畫等其他事物的強烈興趣。
made him such
an outstanding and creative scientist
核 心 考 點 突 破
核心單詞練透
高考熱點微練
典型句式練透
核心單詞練透
1.defend vt.保衛;防守;辯解
教材原文　...because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.
……因為他意識到中國需要擁有自己強大的空軍來保衛國家。
感知　語言再輸入
①Driven by a sense of commitment,a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
(外研選三U3)
②Seeing the fierce wolf,he rushed to defend/in defence of his son like an arrow.(動作描寫)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)defend...from/against... 保護……免受……的傷害
defend oneself 自衛;為自己辯護
(2)defence n. 防御;保護;辯護
in defence of 保護;為……辯護
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①Some of his colleagues felt he could have defended 　　　　　　(he) because he was innocent.
②Keeping a balanced diet and taking regular exercise can help defend ourselves 　　　　　　　　 infection.(倡議書)
③He spoke in 　　　　　　(defend) of his client,arguing that she was innocent.
himself
against/from
defence
④It is the nature of a mother to do all she can
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
總是會竭盡全力保護孩子免受傷害和危險是一個母親的天性。
to defend her child from harm and danger
2.fault n.弱點;過錯
教材原文　Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。
感知　語言再輸入
①Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system.
②He’s proud of his children and blind to their faults.
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)find fault with 挑剔,找茬
at fault 負有責任;有過錯
(2)faulty adj. 有錯誤的;不完美的
運用　單句語法填空/補全句子
①The plan is 　　　　　　(fault) in every respect so we should perfect it.
②Nobody knew who was 　　　　　　fault for the train accident.
③Life can be great when you are not busy
it.
如果你不忙于挑剔生活,生活可以很美好。
faulty
at
finding fault with
3.break out(戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始;爆發
教材原文　However,after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932,Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation...
不過,1932年淞滬抗戰爆發后,錢學森決定轉而學習航空專業……
感知　語言再輸入
①In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.(譯林選三U4)
②The cries of women broke out;the men looked at each other,but were silent.(譯林必三U2)
記牢　知識再梳理
break away from　　 脫離/掙脫……
break down 出故障;壞掉;失敗;(身體等)垮掉;消除
break in 插話;破門而入
break into 強行闖入;突然開始
break up 打碎;結束;(關系等)破裂
運用　用break短語填空/補全句子
①World War Ⅰ had 　　　　　　　　months before,but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together...(外研必二U3)
②The analysis shows that plastics,particularly those that
　　　　　　　　fast,are contributing to the climate change.
③Only then did I realise that it was so foolish of me to
　　　　　　　　　　my friends and never contact them.
broken out
break down
break away from
④He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　,“I am not to blame.”And then he stormed out of the room in anger.(情緒描寫)
他粗魯地插嘴道:“我不應受責備。”然后,他憤怒地沖出了房間。
broke in rudely
4.in charge of主管;掌管;負責
教材原文　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學而且負責中國的太空和導彈項目。
感知　語言再輸入
①Will you be completely in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and exciting ways (外研選二U1)
②“It sometimes changes a good man into a bad one,” said the tall man,taking charge of the situation.(譯林選四U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)in the charge of　　 由……負責;被……掌管
take charge of 負責/看管(表動作)
free of charge 免費
(2)charge (sb) for sth 為……(向某人)收費/要價
charge sb with (doing) sth 指控某人(做)某事
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks,because he was charged 　　　　　　 stealing the woman’s gold ring.She charged him much money 　　　　　　the stolen ring.Luckily,a kind-hearted lawyer offered to defend the boy free _________ charge.
with
for
of
②我負責學校廣播站的英語節目“Talk and Talk”。
→I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 “Talk and Talk”,which is an English program in our school radio station.
→“Talk and Talk” is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,
which is an English program in our school radio station.
take charge of/am in charge of
in the charge of me
5.come down with患(病);染上(小病)
教材原文　Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles,his world became one of abstract thought.自從得了一種使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后,他的世界就變成了一個抽象思維的世界。
感知　語言再輸入
①Learning that you come down with a terrible disease,we are quite concerned about you.
②She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.
記牢　知識再梳理
come across　　　　 (偶然)遇見,碰見;被理解
come about 發生(無被動形式)
come up 走近;上來;被提及
come up with 提出
when it comes to... 當談到……
運用　用come短語填空/補全句子
①The instant I knew that my partner 　　　　　　　　　　　　
a severe illness,a wave of sadness and concern washed over me.
②I’ll never understand how it 　　　　　　　　　 that you were an hour late for such an important meeting.
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I have the following practical suggestions to share with you.
談到英語學習,我有以下實用的建議與你們分享。
came down with
came about
When it comes to English learning
6.above all最重要的是;尤其是
教材原文　Above all,Hawking was willing to admit his faults.
最重要的是,霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。
感知　語言再輸入
①Above all, I have a good command of English,so I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.
②Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went after all.
記牢　知識再梳理
after all　　 畢竟;終究
all in all 整體說來;總而言之
in all 全部;合計
first of all 首先
at all (否定句)一點兒也不;(疑問句)到底;究竟
運用　用all短語填空/補全句子
①The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.　　　　　　　　　　　,you’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.　　　　　　　　, you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.　　　　　　　　　　,studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy 　　　　　　　　.
(推薦信)
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
②Thanks to your timely and generous help,I managed to
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
多虧您及時慷慨的幫助,我成功地處理了全部四個問題。
handle the four problems in all
片段鞏固　用defend、break out、in charge of、come down with、above all完成下面的小短文
　　袁隆平,“雜交水稻之父”,曾經說過,如果我們想成功,最重要的是,我們應該相信自己。他成功生產出供國內外更多人口食用的稻米。即使災難爆發,我們現在也可以保護自己免于饑餓。在他的影響下,越來越多的年輕人負責雜交水稻的研究。不幸的是,他患上了嚴重的疾病,于2021年5月22日與世長辭。
Yuan Longping,“the father of hybrid rice”,once said if we want to succeed,1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (插入語),we should believe in ourselves. He succeeded in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.We can now
2. (讓步狀語從句).Under his influence,more and more young people are 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (介詞短語) hybrid rice.Unfortunately, he 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (動詞短語) and passed away on May 22,2021.
above all
defend ourselves from starvation even if disasters break out
in charge of the research of
came down with a severe illness
1.句型公式:過去分詞(短語)作狀語
教材原文　Born in Shanghai in 1911,Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.
錢學森1911年出生于上海,在北京上學,之后進入上海交通大學學習鐵路機械工程。
典型句式練透
感知　語言再輸入
①Influenced by Steve Jobs,he focuses on details and seeks perfection in everything.
②Disappointed by his behaviour,I said all this to my best friend.
(外研必三U1)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)及物動詞的過去分詞(短語)作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作;不及物動詞的過去分詞(短語)作狀語只表示完成的動作。
(2)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時應注意人稱一致。
(3)有的過去分詞已經轉化成了形容詞,作狀語時不表示動作而是表示主語的一種狀態。
運用　單句語法填空/句式升級
①　　　　　　　(approach) in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.(外研必三U1)
②　　　　　　　(fill) with anger,you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.(外研必三U1)
③　　　　　　　(surprise) and happy,he stood up and accepted the prize.
Approached
Filled
Surprised
④If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer,you will get sunburnt.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,
you will get sunburnt. (過去分詞短語作狀語)
Exposed to the sunlight for a long time in summer
2.句型公式:not only...but also... 不僅……而且……
教材原文　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.
他受到了祖國英雄般的歡迎,不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學,而且負責中國的太空和導彈計劃。
感知　語言再輸入
①Visitors to one of her artworks in Vancouver could not only enjoy looking at it,they could also interact with it—literally.(外研選一U4)
②Not only is country music popular in the south,but blues,rock and roll,bluegrass,and jazz are popular in the south as well.(人教必三U3)
記牢　知識再梳理
(1)“not only...but also...”連接兩個并列成分,如兩個主語、賓語、狀語等;
(2)“not only...but also...”連接兩個分句,且“not only...”置于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝;
(3)“not only...but also...”連接兩個主語時,要根據but also后的主語決定謂語動詞的單復數形式,即遵循“就近一致”原則。
運用　單句語法填空/一句多譯
①The Investing jar not only represents a vision for the future,but
　　　　　　　(give) the opportunity to build for the future.
(外研選二U2)
②Not only I but also my friend 　　　　　　(gain) a glimpse into the two splendid civilizations so far.(2022·浙江1月卷)
gives
has gained
③通過這次活動,我們不僅獲得了園藝知識,而且對大自然有了更好的了解。
→We 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　,
but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, but we also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.(部分倒裝)
not only gained knowledge of gardening
Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening
片段鞏固　根據漢語提示并使用本部分句式結構完成下面的小短文
　　艾薩克·牛頓于1643年出生于英國,被公認為有史以來最偉大、最有天賦的科學家之一。
1661年進入劍橋大學后,牛頓專心于現代科學,開始了他的高等教育。對他來說,沒有什么比參與科學研究更令人愉快的了。畢業后,他花了兩年半的時間寫了一本書,這本書不僅是牛頓的杰作,也是現代科學的基礎著作。隨著時間的推移,他在光學、力學、現代物理學和數學方面有了更多的發現。
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(過去分詞短語作狀語),Isaac Newton has been recognised as one of the greatest and most gifted scientists ever.
Born in England in 1643
After entering Cambridge in 1661,Newton began his higher education by devoting himself to modern science.For him,
2. (否定詞+比較級). After graduation,he spent two and a half years working on a book, which is 3. (not only...but also...). As time went by,he made more discoveries in optics,mechanics,modern physics and mathematics.
nothing was more pleasant than getting involved in scientific
research
not only Newton’s
masterpiece but also the basic work for the modern science
1.寫出加黑部分的詞性和漢語意思
①Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area,a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)　　　　　
②While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)　　　　　
n.變動
高考熱點微練
adj.可靠的
③He is a man with a vivid imagination and stands out in his colleagues.　　　　　
④On a day of brilliant sunshine,we went camping.　　　　　
adj.豐富的
adj.明媚的
2.選出charge的漢語意思
A.vt.控告　B.n.負責　C.vi.向……沖去　D.vt.收費　E.vt.給……充電
①The outstanding scientist is in charge of handling the matter.　　
②The restaurant charged ￡20 for dinner.　　
③The police charged the thief with stealing raw materials in the company.　　
④When you charge your phone,it should generate a small amount of heat.　　
⑤Seeing her mother,the cute girl charged forward and hugged her tightly.　　
B
D
A
E
C
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
Ⅰ.單詞情景運用(每小題1分,共10分)
1.After she’d overcome her 　　　　　　　　(最初的) shyness,she became very friendly.
2.A 　　　　　　　　(彩虹) is usually seen after a heavy rain.
3.After the guard recovered from his injury,he went on the night
　　　　　　　　(輪班) again.
initial
rainbow
shift
4.All the teachers are satisfied with your 　　　　　　　　(絕妙的) performance in the speech contest.
5.Do you have any 　　　　　　　　(具體的) ways to deal with this difficult problem
6.He faces the toughest test of his 　　　　　　　　/ li d p/ so far.
7.His father claims to be able to 　　　　　　　　/tre s/ the family back to many centuries ago.
brilliant
concrete
leadership
trace
8.If you always try to find f　　　　　　　　 with others,it means that you have gained another shortcoming.
9.As is known to us all,Dr.Yuan Longping was an o_______________
Chinese scientist in agriculture.
10.A heavy rain suddenly p　　　　　　　　 down;as a result,the sports meeting was put off.
ault
utstanding
oured
Ⅱ.詞形轉換填空(每小題1分,共8分)
1.I have such a good command of English that I am elected as
　　　　　　　　(assist) to my English teacher.
2.It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was
　　　　　　　　(happy) than I was.
3.Poems,conveying certain emotions,can 　　　　　　　　(vivid) transform reality into literature.
4.These years,our company has been developing 　　　　　 (steady).
assistant
happier
vividly
steadily
5.In reality,the mechanic made a severe mistake,　　　　　　　(shift) nervously from one foot to another.
6. 　　　　　　　　(initial),it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness.
7.Stop the negative 　　　　　　　　(think)and focus on solving those problems.
8.No matter how 　　　　　　　　(gift)you are,you alone cannot change the world.
shifting
Initially
thinking
gifted
Ⅲ.短語情景運用(每小題1.5分,共9分)
break out,in charge of,come down with,above all,be traced back to,take on
1.There will be many challenges ahead,but I have confidence that I’ll
　　　　　　　　the burden.
2.You are 　　　　　　　　the company,so you should take responsibility for what you said.
3.　　　　　　　　,we must be honest about what we do not know.
take on
in charge of
Above all
4.Nobody knew when the fire 　　　　　　　　,but they knew it was put out the next morning.
5.Did anyone else in your family 　　　　　　　　　　a fever
6.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou can 　　　　　　　　　the Southern Song Dynasty.
broke out
come down with
be traced back to
Ⅳ.典型句式集訓(每小題2分,共10分)
1. ,I am writing to invite you to attend a paper-cutting exhibition to be held in our school next Sunday.(過去分詞短語作狀語;邀請信)
我被告知你對剪紙感興趣,我寫信邀請你參加我們學校下周日舉行的剪紙展覽會。
Informed that you are interested in paper-cutting
2.Honestly speaking,I .
說實話,我從來沒有見過比我們班長更負責任的人。(“否定詞+比較級”表示最高級含義)
3. learn the scientific spirits from them.(not only...but also...;倒裝結構)
我們不僅要尊重這些偉大的科學家,而且要學習他們的科學精神。
have never seen a more responsible
person than our monitor
Not only should we show respect for the great scientists,
but we should also
4. is that my deskmate always willingly offers a hand to whoever needs help.
(主語從句;2023·天津3月卷)
令我們印象最深刻的是我的同桌總是樂意幫助任何需要幫助的人。
5. ,I realized how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.(狀語從句的省略)
在摘橘子的時候,我意識到農民在農田里勞作是多么的艱苦。
What impresses us most
While picking oranges
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.完形填空(每小題1分,共15分)
My father,Paul Andrew Figura,was a die-hard fisherman.In my 　1　,we went out fishing in all kinds of weather,catching and missing nearly every fish in countless waterways.
Whenever we 　2　,Mom would ask,“What time will you be back ” “When we can’t see the 　3　,” Dad would respond.He often 　4　 it.Sometimes Dad would ask me to 　5　 some food and water and we’d fish the entire day.I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n) 　6　 factor behind his success.It was one 　7　 after another after another.
The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t 　8　.Days when the weather was awful,when the mosquitoes were biting,when my hands were cold.Times when I just wanted to 　9　 and go home.Dad’s 　10　 “Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　11　 your line.Keep casting,” he’d say.
I learned early the importance of 　12　 and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.Sooner or later they’d 　13　.I took that same attitude into my school work.　14　,I got many awards at college.I applied it 　15　 to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了作者的父親是一個不屈不撓的漁夫。作者從小和父親一起去捕魚,耳濡目染中作者被父親堅持不懈的精神所感染,這也成就了他現在的成功。
1.A.dream B.career C.childhood D.adulthood
解析　根據語境和后文“Times when I just wanted to 　　　　and go home.Dad’s 　　　　 ‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,這是介紹作者童年(childhood)的經歷。
2.A.got up B.reached out C.stepped back D.set off
解析　根據語境和后文“Mom would ask,‘What time will you be back ’”可知,此處是指作者和父親出發(set off)去釣魚的時候。
√
√
3.A.camps B.lines C.tracks D.cottages
解析　根據語境和后文“Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.”可知,此處是指釣魚的線(lines)。此空處所填詞正是下文的 line 的原詞復現。這些原詞有時離設空較近,有時可能在文章的結尾。利用原詞復現解題需要把題目選項中的詞匯與原文仔細比對,并結合句意確定答案。
√
4.A.forgot B.rejected C.recalled D.meant
解析　根據語境和后文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,父親是一個堅持的人,說到做到。mean it說話算數;言出必行。
5.A.make B.pack C.heat D.freeze
解析　根據語境和后文“some food and water and we’d fish the entire day”可知,此處是指把食物和水塞進包里。pack打包,塞滿。
√
√
6.A.cultural B.random C.major D.external
解析　根據常識和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique,which he credited as a(n)”以及后文“factor behind his success”可知,此處是指他的堅持、快速的撒網技術,是他成功的主要(major)因素。
7.A.cast B.step C.strike D.risk
解析　根據語境和前文“rapid-fire casting technique”以及后文“after another after another”可知,此處是指不停地撒網(cast)。
√
√
8.A.swimming B.dancing C.gathering D.biting
解析　根據常識和前文“The greatest life lesson that Dad taught me involved dealing with those times when the fish weren’t”可知,此處是指父親教我處理魚不咬鉤(biting)的情況。
9.A.wander B.play C.quit D.sleep
解析　根據語境和后文“and go home”可知,此處是指作者想停止(quit)釣魚,然后回家。
√
√
10.A.response B.intention C.evaluation D.situation
解析　根據語境和前文“Times when I just wanted to 　　　　and go home.”以及后文“‘Son,you’re not going to catch any fish unless you 　　　　your line.Keep casting,’he’d say.”可知,此處是指父親對想回家的作者做出的回應(response)。故選A項。
√
11.A.abandon B.monitor C.fetch D.wet
解析　根據常識和前文“It was one 　　　　after another after another.”可知,釣魚時不停地撒網,由此推知,撒網的時候網會濕(wet)。
12.A.kindness B.insistence C.confidence D.business
解析　根據語境和前文“I observed firsthand his insistent,rapid-fire casting technique”可知,此處是指想釣到魚,父親教作者堅持(insistence)和不停地嘗試不同魚食的重要性。
√
√
13.A.cooperate B.progress C.resist D.integrate
解析　根據語境和前文“I learned early the importance of 　　　　and willingness to keep trying different fish food if you wanted to catch them.”可知,此處是指想釣到魚,堅持和不停地嘗試不同魚食,魚兒遲早會“配合(cooperate)”的,即上鉤。
√
14.A.In surprise B.As a result
C.Ahead of time D.In particular
解析　根據語境和后文“I got many awards at college”可知,此處是指父親對作者影響的結果(As a result)。
√
15.A.intentionally B.casually
C.hesitantly D.temporarily
解析　根據語境和前文“I applied it”以及后文“to whatever job I had as an adult and it made me the person that I am today”可知,作為一個成年人,我有意地(intentionally)把它應用到我的工作中,它成就了現在的我。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
When the winter approaches,tanghulu,a traditional Chinese snack can be found on the street corner in northern China.Since ancient times,it 1.　　　　　　 (be) very popular with natives, especially children.
Tanghulu is 2.　　　　　　 (common) made of haws (山楂果),which are rich in vitamin C and are known 3.　　　　　　 (have) traditional Chinese medicinal properties.According to a legend,in Song Dynasty,one of the emperor’s 4.　　　　　　 (wife) was sick and had 5.　　　　　　 poor appetite.The doctor suggested that she eat five to ten haws 6.　　　　　　　 (boil) with sugar before each meal. She recovered within half a month.Later,the prescription was passed on 7.　　　　　　 ordinary people.
People put haws on a stick,dipped them in hot sugar syrup (糖漿) and dried.The syrup finally turned into a solid coating,like the crystal on the surface of haws.That is 8.　　　　　　 they are also called bingtanghulu.9.　　　　　　 origin story says that the very first tanghulu only had two haws—a small one on the top and a big one below,making it resemble a hulu,a bringer of good luck.
With sour haws and sweet sugar,the taste of tanghulu is a combination of flavors,which often 10.　　　　　　 (remind) people of their happy childhoods.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了糖葫蘆的起源、做法與味道等。
1.has been　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據本句中的時間狀語“Since ancient times”和語境可知,此處應用現在完成時,又因為主語it表示單數,所以空處應用現在完成時的單數形式,故填has been。]
2.commonly　[考查詞性轉換。分析句子結構可知,空處作狀語,修飾動詞made,應用副詞形式,故填commonly。]
3.to have　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處應用動詞不定式短語“to have traditional Chinese medicinal properties”作主語補足語。]
4.wives　[考查名詞的單復數。根據空前的“one of”可知,這位皇帝的妻子不止一位,故空處要用可數名詞復數形式,wife的復數形式為不規則變化wives。故填wives。]
5.a　[考查冠詞。此處表示“胃口不好”,且poor的發音以輔音音素開頭,故應用“a poor appetite”表示,故要用不定冠詞a。]
6.boiled　[考查非謂語動詞。該從句中已有謂語動詞eat,故空處應用動詞的非謂語形式,又因空處與haws之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故此處用過去分詞短語“boiled with sugar”作其后置定語。]
7.to　[考查介詞。pass sth on to sb意為“把某物傳給某人”,是固定用法,符合語境。]
8.why　[考查名詞性從句。根據語境可知,“The syrup finally...on the surface of haws”與“they are also called bingtanghulu”之間存在因果關系,且表語從句中缺少狀語,表示“為什么”,故此處用why引導表語從句。]
9.Another　[考查限定詞。根據第二段第二句中的“a legend”并結合語境可知,此處在講另一個有關糖葫蘆起源的故事,表示“又一,再一”,故填限定詞Another。]
10.reminds　[考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。根據時間狀語“often”和句意可知,該從句的謂語動詞要用一般現在時,且which引導的定語從句修飾先行詞“a combination of flavors”,表示單數意義,故該從句的謂語動詞用單數形式,故填reminds。 ]

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