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/ 讓學習更有效 新課備課備考 | 英語學科
/ 讓學習更有效 新課備課備考 | 英語學科
2025 - 2026學年八年級上冊英語單元核心素養培優卷滬教版
（五四學制）（2024） Unit 1 Water
本試卷共9頁，滿分120分，考試用時120分鐘。
注意事項：
1．答卷前、考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準考證號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上指定位置。
2．選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。
3．非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應的答題區域內，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。
4．考試結束后，請將試卷和答題卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
先通讀短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出一個可以填入相應空白處的最佳答案。
Today, let’s talk about water.
Where is water
From the sky, the earth looks 1 That’s because sea water covers most of the earth, and the sea water looks blue. The earth is 2 of water. We can find water 3 on the earth, such as in the rivers, in the oceans and under the ground. Water even 4 clouds in the sky. 5 it rains, water falls from the sky.
Why is water 6
People drink it and cook 7 it. We use it to 8 our clothes and clean our homes. Plants and animals need water to 9 .
How to save water
In many places, people don’t have 10 water to drink and use. And we can only use 1% 11 the water on the earth. So it’s necessary (必要的) to save water.
First, 12 the tap while brushing teeth and after using the water.
Second, take 13 showers instead of (而不是) long baths.
Third, 14 water if possible. We can 15 the water after washing things and use it to water flowers or clean the floor. Try our best and we can save more water.
1．A．blue B．black C．red D．yellow
2．A．different B．important C．clean D．full
3．A．off B．everywhere C．outdoors D．really
4．A．forms B．talks C．puts D．pays
5．A．So B．If C．When D．And
6．A．important B．strong C．clean D．healthy
7．A．under B．up C．on D．with
8．A．sell B．make C．buy D．wash
9．A．grow B．plant C．save D．spend
10．A．deep B．cheap C．enough D．special
11．A．from B．about C．in D．of
12．A．look for B．turn off C．check out D．pay for
13．A．careful B．quick C．heavy D．long
14．A．Reuse B．Waste C．Turn D．Store
15．A．get B．collect C．give D．take
二、閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2分，滿分40分）
第一節（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀以下三篇短文，從每小題所給的四個選項中，選出一個與短文內容相符的最佳選項。
A
Water Pollution
Water pollution is a serious problem around the world. It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.
There are many causes of water pollution. One of the main causes is industrial waste. Factories often dump harmful chemicals and waste products into water bodies. This can make the water toxic and dangerous for plants, animals, and humans.
Another cause is agricultural runoff. Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides on their crops. When it rains, these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes, polluting the water.
Sewage and wastewater are also big problems. If sewage is not properly treated, it can contain harmful bacteria and viruses. This can cause diseases when people come into contact with the polluted water.
Water pollution has many bad effects. It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. It can also make the water unfit for human use, such as for drinking, swimming, and fishing.
To solve the problem of water pollution, we need to take action. Governments should make stricter laws to control industrial waste and agricultural runoff. We should also improve sewage treatment systems. And we, as individuals, can do our part by reducing waste and using environmentally friendly products.
16．What is water pollution
A．The evaporation of water. B．The contamination of water bodies.
C．The purification of water. D．The movement of water in the water cycle.
17．What is one of the main causes of water pollution
A．Industrial waste. B．Rain.
C．The sun. D．Aquatic animals.
18．What can agricultural runoff contain
A．Harmful bacteria and viruses. B．Fertilizers and pesticides.
C．Harmful chemicals and waste products. D．All of the above.
19．What are the bad effects of water pollution
A．It can kill fish and other aquatic animals. B．It can make the water unfit for human use.
C．Both A and B． D．None of the above.
20．What can we do to solve the problem of water pollution
A．Governments should make stricter laws.
B．We should improve sewage treatment systems.
C．We can reduce waste and use environmentally friendly products.
D．All of the above.
B
The Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
The sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, and oceans. This causes the water to evaporate and turn into water vapor. The water vapor rises into the air. As it goes higher, the air gets cooler. The cooler air makes the water vapor condense into tiny water droplets. These droplets form clouds.
When the water droplets in the clouds get too heavy, they fall back to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This is called precipitation.
Some of the precipitation soaks into the ground and becomes groundwater. Some of it runs off into rivers, lakes, and oceans. And the cycle starts all over again.
The water cycle is very important. It helps to distribute water around the Earth. It also helps to purify water. The sun's heat and the process of evaporation and condensation remove impurities from the water.
21．What is another name for the water cycle
A．The hydrologic cycle. B．The water movement.
C．The water distribution. D．The water purification.
22．What causes water to evaporate
A．The moon. B．The Earth. C．The sun. D．The wind.
23．What happens when water vapor rises into the air
A．It gets warmer. B．It gets cooler.
C．It stays the same temperature. D．It disappears.
24．What is precipitation
A．The process of water evaporating. B．The process of water condensing.
C．Rain, snow, sleet, or hail falling from the clouds. D．The movement of water in rivers and lakes.
25．Why is the water cycle important
A．It helps to distribute water around the Earth. B．It helps to purify water.
C．Both A and B． D．None of the above.
C
World Water Day 2025
World Water Day falls on 22nd March every year. It is a day to think about why we need water and how to save it.
World Water Day has a different theme each year. The theme for World Water Day 2025 is “Glacier Preservation (保護)”. Glaciers are large pieces of ice. It is important we look after them and stop them from melting (融化). They help to keep our planet cool and we get lots of our water from them.Why Is Water Important
Water is very important to all life. Humans, animals and plants would die (死亡) without it. More than half of your body is water! We need water to drink. We also use water for washing our clothes, brushing our teeth, cooking and many other things. All plants need water to grow as well.How can we make a difference
Saving water, such as by having showers instead of baths and turning off the tap while brushing teeth. Collect rainwater for watering plants. Wear clothes more before washing them.
On World Water Day, we think about all the ways that we use water and how we can use it as little as possible. We remember not to waste water and learn how to save water in our daily life.
26．When is the World Water Day
A．22nd May B．21st March C．22nd March D．25th May
27．What is the theme for World Water Day this year
A．Glacier Preservation. B．Peaceful Water.
C．Water for Peace. D．Every Drop Counts.
28．What does “them” in paragraph 2 refer to (指的是)
A．Ice B．Lakes C．Glaciers D．Rivers
29．Which of these is NOT a way to help make a difference
A．Having baths instead of showers. B．Wearing clothes more before washing.
C．Collecting water to water flowers. D．Turning off the tap while brushing teeth.
30．What is the purpose (目的) of World Water Day
A．Learn about the importance of water. B．Have fun playing with water.
C．Keep our clothes clean and tidy. D．Drink more water than before.
第二節（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）
根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Save Water
We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. 31 It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much.
Many cities run campaigns (運動) to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. 32 What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. 33
Another threat (威脅) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted we can no longer use this water. This also endangers (危及) the animals that depend on the water.
34 We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. 35 In this way, we can make full use of water.
A．However, just how much is too much
B．It’s very important for you to know how to save water.
C．There are several things we can do to save water.
D．Finally, they make laws to control the use of water.
E．We don’t have to let the cold water run until it gets warm.
F．They also increase water bills for people who use too much.
G．We are in rich salt water, but not in fresh water.
三、詞匯應用（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）
36．Water can be recycled. It means the water can (use) again.
37．Sitting under the trees will not be (bore) at all.
38．Lights (shine) brightly across the city, and colourful boats are moving slowly down the river.
39．These strawberries look fresh! I’d like two (kilo) of them.
40．Here’s some advice to help you carry backpacks (safe).
41．Mrs Lee was tired and (口渴的) after shopping, so she went into a tea house.
42．Most students (同意) that time is one of the most valuable things in the world.
43．Doing chores at home all day is very (乏味的).
44．My parents think studying in group is a (浪費) of time.
45．The (研究) shows that regular exercise can improve mental health.
四、完成句子（本大題共5小題，每小題2分，共10分）
46．ChatGPT 是一個有用的工具。它可以幫忙解決問題。
ChatGPT is . It can help solve problems.
47．大民通常在傍晚出發，并讓鸕鶿為工作做好準備。
Da min usually in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants for work.
48．在我們出發之前，瑪麗展開地圖給我們展示徒步路線。
Before we , Mary a map to show us the hiking route.
49．我們計劃去北京，但還沒決定何時出發。
We are planning to go to Beijing, but we haven’t decided .
50．在我父親小時候，春節期間他和兄弟們放煙花。
When my father was a child, he with his brothers during the Spring Festival.
五、短文選詞填空（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）
從方框中選擇單詞，用其正確形式填空，使短文通順。
water, exist, cover, importance, use, protect, cycle, pollution, save, human
Water is very 51 to all living things. Without water, there would be no life on Earth. It 52 in three states: solid, liquid and gas. Most of the earth’s surface is 53 by water, but most of it is saltwater in the oceans. Only a small part is freshwater that 54 can use.
Water is 55 in many ways. We use it to drink, cook, clean and irrigate crops. The water 56 is a very important natural process. It helps to distribute water around the Earth.
However, water 57 is a big problem. Factories and farms often dump waste into rivers and lakes, making the water dirty. We must 58 water resources. We can 59 water by fixing leaky faucets, taking shorter showers and recycling water. Let’s all work together to save 60 and protect our planet.
六、短文語法填空（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）
Once, I saw a picture in a book which I will never forget.
The picture showed a brother and a sister who were collecting rubbish on the side of a rubbish bin on the road. The sister said, “Brother, you think 61 a way to ask people to throw garbage into the dustbin.” The younger brother took out a piece of paper 62 a pen and wrote: Civilization is only one step away! One small step forward!
After 63 (see) this picture, I was 64 (astonish)! When I go out to drop rubbish, I often see some rubbish out of the dustbin. If someone throws the garbage outside the dustbin, the garbage will be 65 (blow) everywhere and the cleaner will have to pick it up with his or her hand. Civilization is only one step away, but why can’t some people take another small step forward
Everyone can do something for our environment.
Try to save electricity in 66 (day) life. For example, if you are the last person to leave the classroom in the evening, remember to go one small step forward to turn 67 the lights. Try to turn over the paper to u 68 the other side whenever it is possible. Try not to use paper cups or disposable chopsticks because it is seen as a 69 of limited resources. I believe that 70 (do) all these small things will improve our environment and help to make our world a better place to live in.
Although we have managed to protect the environment to a certain extent, there is still a very long way to go.
Remember: Civilization is only one step away! One small step forward!
七、讀寫結合（共兩節，滿分25分）
第一節 任務型閱讀（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）
閱讀短文，用英文填空或回答問題（請注意每小題的詞數要求）。
Xiaoya joins in an activity and learns how to save water.
One day, she goes to visit her friend, Zhouzhou. Zhouzhou is happy to see her. She talks with Xiaoya and washes some fruit for her. But when she is washing apples, she doesn’t use a basin (盆子) to collect water but wash them with running water. Xiaoya says, “I think you’d better wash the fruit in a basin. It helps save water.” But Zhouzhou doesn’t think it matters a lot. So she still keeps the water running and washes apples. Then Xiaoya comes to her and tells her tells her a story she knows from an activity. There is a small village in Africa. People there can only take showers once a week. And they even don’t have enough clean water to drink. After hearing (聽) the story, Zhouzhou feels sad for the African people. She thinks she should learn to save water from now on.
71．What does Xiaoya learn from an activity (六個詞以內)
72．Who is Zhouzhou (四個詞以內)
73．What fruit does Zhouzhou prepare for Xiaoya (五個詞以內)
74．How does Zhouzhou feel after she hears the story (三個詞以內)
75．How does Xiaoya help Zhouzhou learn the importance of saving water (四個詞以內)
第二節 書面表達（共1題，滿分15分）
76．為了保護水資源，聯合國將每年3月22日定為世界水日（World Water Day）。學校在這天將舉辦相關活動號召同學們節約用水，每個班級召開了一次“節約用水，從你我做起”的主題班會，假如你叫康康，你打算做個關于如何節約用水的演講。請以“How to Save Water”為題，根據以下的提示內容，用英語寫一篇演講稿。
內容提示：
1. 水對人類、植物和動物都很重要；
2. 介紹如何節約用水（至少三條建議）；
寫作要求：
1. 文中須包含以上所有提示，可適當發揮；
2. 文中不得出現考生的真實姓名和學校名稱；
3. 詞數70詞左右（開頭已給出，不計入總詞數）。
How to Save Water
Hello, I am Kangkang. We all need water.
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/ 讓學習更有效 新課備課備考 | 英語學科
/ 讓學習更有效 新課備課備考 | 英語學科
21世紀教育網(www.21cnjy.com)
21世紀教育網(www.21cnjy.com)
參考答案及試題解析
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B
【導語】本文主要講述了水在地球上的分布、重要性以及如何節約用水。
1．句意：從天空看，地球看起來是藍色的。
blue藍色；black黑色；red紅色；yellow黃色。根據“the sea water looks blue”可知，地球從天空看是藍色的。故選A。
2．句意：地球充滿了水。
different不同的；important重要的；clean干凈的；full滿的。根據“sea water covers most of the earth”可知，“be full of”，表示“充滿……”，意思是地球充滿了水。故選D。
3．句意：我們可以在世界各地找到水。
off離開；everywhere到處；outdoors在戶外；really真正地。根據“... on the earth, such as in the rivers, in the oceans and under the ground”可知，水無處不在。故選B。
4．句意：水甚至形成了天空中的云。
forms形式；talks談話；puts放置；pays支付。根據“Water even ... clouds in the sky.”可知，水形成了云。故選A。
5．句意：當下雨時，水從天空落下。
So所以；If如果；When當……時候；And和。根據“it rains, water falls from the sky”可知，這里表達當天下雨的時候，用“when”引導時間狀語從句。故選C。
6．句意：為什么水是重要的？
important重要的；strong強壯的；clean干凈的；healthy健康的。根據“People drink it and cook ... it.”可知，水是重要的。故選A。
7．句意：人們用它來做飯。
under在……下面；up向上；on在……上面；with和。根據“People drink it and cook ... it”可知，用“with”表示使用。故選D。
8．句意：我們用它來洗衣服。
sell售賣；make制作；buy購買；wash清洗。根據“We use it to ... our clothes”可知，用水來洗衣服。故選D。
9．句意：植物和動物需要水來生長。
grow生長；plant種植；save節省；spend花費。根據“Plants and animals need water to ...”可知，水對生長至關重要。故選A。
10．句意：在許多地方，人們沒有足夠的水。
deep深的；cheap便宜的；enough足夠的；special特別的。根據“In many places, people don’t have... water to drink and use”可知，“enough”表示足夠。故選C。
11．句意：我們只能使用地球上1%的水。
from從；about關于；in在……里面；of ……的。根據“And we can only use 1% ... the water on the earth”可知，“of”在這里表示所屬關系。故選D。
12．句意：刷牙后關掉水龍頭。
look for尋找；turn off關閉；check out檢查；pay for支付。根據“... the tap while brushing teeth and after using the water.”可知，為了節約用水，用完水要關閉水龍頭，“turn off”表示關掉。故選B。
13．句意：洗短時間的淋浴而不是長時間的泡澡。
careful仔細的；quick快速的；heavy重的；long長的。根據“take ... showers instead of (而不是) long baths”可知，為了節水，應該是快速淋浴，“quick”表示快速。故選B。
14．句意：盡可能重復使用水。
Reuse重新使用；Waste浪費；Turn轉動；Store儲存。根據“... water if possible”可知，為了節水，要重復用水，“reuse”表示重復使用。故選A。
15．句意：我們可以收集洗東西后的水。
get得到；collect收集；give給予；take拿走。根據“We can ... the water after washing things”可知，這里是收集洗完東西后的水，“collect”表示收集。故選B。
16．B 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．D
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了水污染的嚴重性、成因、危害及解決措施。
16．細節理解題。根據“It is the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater.”（水污染是指湖泊、河流、海洋和地下水等水體的污染）可推知，水污染的本質是水體被污染。故選B。
17．細節理解題。根據“One of the main causes is industrial waste.”（主要成因之一是工業廢水）可推知，工業廢物是水污染的主要來源之一。故選A。
18．細節理解題。根據“Farmers use fertilizers and pesticides...these chemicals can wash into rivers and lakes”（農民使用化肥和農藥……這些化學物質會流入河流和湖泊）可推知，農業徑流含有化肥和農藥。故選B。
19．細節理解題。根據“It can kill fish...unfit for human use”（它會殺死魚類……不適合人類使用）可推知，水污染的危害包括A和B兩項。故選C。
20．細節理解題。根據“Governments should make stricter laws...improve sewage treatment...reduce waste”（政府應制定更嚴格的法律……改善污水處理……減少廢物）可推知，所有選項（A、B、C）均為解決措施。故選D。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．C
【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了水循環的過程及其重要性。
21．細節理解題。根據“The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle...”（水循環，也稱為水文循環……）可推知，水循環的另一個名稱是“水文循環”。故選A。
22．細節理解題。根據“The sun heats up water in rivers, lakes, and oceans. This causes the water to evaporate...”（太陽加熱河流、湖泊和海洋中的水，這導致水蒸發……）可推知，太陽是導致水蒸發的原因。故選C。
23．細節理解題。根據“As it goes higher, the air gets cooler.”（隨著水蒸氣上升，空氣變得更冷。）可推知，水蒸氣上升時溫度會降低。故選B。
24．細節理解題。根據“When the water droplets in the clouds get too heavy, they fall back to the Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. This is called precipitation.”（當云中的水滴變得太重時，它們會以雨、雪、雨夾雪或冰雹的形式落回地球。這被稱為降水。）可推知，降水是指從云中落下的雨、雪、雨夾雪或冰雹。故選C。
25．細節理解題。根據“The water cycle is very important. It helps to distribute water around the Earth. It also helps to purify water.”（水循環非常重要。它有助于在全球范圍內分配水，也有助于凈化水。）可推知，水循環的重要性包括分配水和凈化水。故選C。
26．C 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了2025世界水日。
26．細節理解題。根據“World Water Day falls on 22nd March every year.”可知，世界水日在每年的3月22日。故選C。
27．細節理解題。根據“The theme for World Water Day 2025 is ‘Glacier Preservation (保護)’.”可知，2025年世界水日的主題是“冰川保護”。故選A。
28．詞句猜測題。根據“Glaciers are large pieces of ice. It is important we look after them and stop them from melting (融化).”可知，冰川是大塊的冰，重要的是我們要照顧好它們，防止它們融化。由此可推測“them”指代前文提到的“Glaciers”。故選C。
29．推理判斷題。根據“Saving water, such as by having showers instead of baths...”可知，節約用水的方法包括“用淋浴代替浴缸洗澡”。故選A。
30．主旨大意題。根據“World Water Day... is a day to think about why we need water and how to save it.”及全文內容可知，世界水日的目的是讓人們了解水的重要性并學會節約用水。故選A。
31．A 32．F 33．D 34．C 35．E
【導語】本文講述了人們為了節約用水采用的措施、浪費水的危害，以及我們為了節約水可以做到的事情。
31．根據“It is not a difficult question to answer.”可知此處提出了一個問題，A項“然而，到底多少是太多了？”符合語境。故選A。
32．根據“They show them ways they can cut back on water use.”可知此處是一些減少人們用水的方法，F項“他們還增加了用水量過多的人的水費。”符合語境。故選F。
33．根據“What’s more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water. ”可知此處是限制人們用水的最后一個方法，D項“最后，他們制定了控制用水的法律。”符合語境。故選D。
34．根據“We can save lots of water by not letting taps run while we are brushing our teeth or by turning off tap right away after washing hands. By collecting the cold water when we’re taking warm showers, we can also save water. ”可知這里是為了節約用水，我們能做的事情，C項“我們可以做幾件事來節約用水。”符合語境。故選C。
35．根據“In this way, we can make full use of water.”可知這里是節約用水的方法，E項“我們不必讓冷水一直流到溫熱為止。”符合語境。故選E。
36．be used
【解析】句意：水可以被回收利用。這意味著水可以再次被使用。這里需要表達的是“水能夠被再次使用”，因此要用被動語態。情態動詞can后面接動詞原形，被動語態結構為“be + 過去分詞”，use的過去分詞是used。故填be used。
37．boring
【解析】句意：坐在樹下一點也不無聊。根據“Sitting under the trees will not be…(bore) at all.”可知，此處是指坐在樹下這件事不會無聊，應用形容詞boring“無聊的”作表語。故填boring。
38．are shining
【解析】句意：燈光明亮地照耀著整個城市，五顏六色的船只緩緩地順河而下。根據“and colourful boats are moving slowly down the river”可知，句子時態為現在進行時，其結構為“am/is/are+現在分詞”。Lights是復數主語，所以be動詞用are，shine的現在分詞為shining。故填are shining。
39．kilos
【解析】句意：這些草莓看起來很新鮮！我想要兩千克。根據“two”可知，此處需要使用復數形式。故填kilos。
40．safely
【解析】句意：這里有一些建議可以幫助你更安全地背背包。空處是修飾動詞，應用副詞safely。故填safely。
41．thirsty
【解析】句意：李太太購物后又累又渴，于是走進了一家茶館。thirsty“口渴的”，形容詞作表語。故填thirsty。
42．agree
【解析】句意：大多數學生同意時間是世界上最有價值的東西之一。根據“Most students…that time is one of the most valuable things…”可知，此處缺少謂語動詞，“同意”對應的動詞是agree。句子描述一般事實，時態為一般現在時，主語Most students是復數，動詞用原形，故填agree。
43．boring
【解析】句意：整天在家做家務很乏味。boring“乏味的”，形容詞。故填boring。
44．waste
【解析】句意：我的父母認為小組學習是浪費時間。浪費：waste，固定短語為a waste of意為“……的浪費”。故填waste。
45．research
【解析】句意：研究表明，定期鍛煉可以改善心理健康。根據語境和所給中文提示可知，這里應填“research”。“research”意為“研究”，在句中作主語。謂語動詞為三單形式，使用名詞單數形式。故填research。
46．a useful tool
【解析】根據語境可知，此處要表達“一種有用的工具”，useful“有用的”，以輔音音素開頭，用a表“一個，一種”，tool“工具”。故填a；useful；tool。
47．sets off ready
【解析】根據題干可知，空處①②缺少“出發”，應用短語set off表示，時態為一般現在時，主語為三單形式，動詞應用三單形式sets；空處③缺少“做好準備”，應用短語get ready for表示。故填sets；off；ready。
48．set off rolled out
【解析】根據中文提示可知，第一空缺少“出發”，其英文表達為set off。第二空缺少“展開”，其英文表達為roll out。根據“Before we ..., Mary ... a map to show us the hiking route.”和句意可知，本句時態為一般過去時，需用動詞過去式。故填set off；rolled out。
49．when to set off
【解析】根據英漢對照可知，橫線處缺“何時出發”。分析句子可知，此處是“疑問詞+to do”的形式，when“何時”，set off“出發”。故填when；to；set；off。
50．set off fireworks
【解析】對比中英文可知，空處缺少“放煙花”，其英文表達為set off fireworks，動詞短語；根據“When my father was a child,”可知，句子時態應用一般過去時，謂語動詞應用過去式set。故填set；off；fireworks。
51．important 52．exists 53．covered 54．humans 55．used 56．cycle 57．pollution 58．protect 59．save 60．water
【導語】本文主要講述了水的重要性、存在形式、分布、用途以及水污染問題，呼吁人們節約和保護水資源。
51．句意：水對所有生物都非常重要。根據“Without water, there would be no life on Earth.”可知，水對生物很重要，is后跟形容詞important“重要的”，作表語。故填important。
52．句意：它以三種狀態存在：固態、液態和氣態。根據“in three states: solid, liquid and gas”可知，是指水以三種狀態存在，描述事實，用一般現在時，主語是It，動詞用第三人稱單數exists“存在”。故填exists。
53．句意：地球表面大部分被水覆蓋，但其中大部分是海洋中的咸水。根據“Most of the earth’s surface is ... by water”可知，是指被水覆蓋，be covered by“被……覆蓋”。故填covered。
54．句意：只有一小部分是可供人類使用的淡水。根據“freshwater that ... can use.”及備選詞可知，是指人類使用的淡水，用名詞復數humans“人類”。故填humans。
55．句意：水被用于許多方面。根據“We use it to drink, cook, clean and irrigate crops.”可知，水被用于很多方面，use“使用”，與主語Water是被動關系，因此用過去分詞形式。故填used。
56．句意：水循環是一個非常重要的自然過程。根據“It helps to distribute water around the Earth.”及備選詞可知，此處是指水循環，water cycle“水循環”。故填cycle。
57．句意：然而，水污染是一個大問題。根據“Factories and farms often dump waste into rivers and lakes, making the water dirty.”可知，是關于水污染，water pollution“水污染”，在句中作主語。故填pollution。
58．句意：我們必須保護水資源。根據“water resources”及備選詞可知，是指保護水資源，must后跟動詞原形protect“保護”。故填protect。
59．句意：我們可以通過修理漏水的水龍頭、縮短淋浴時間和循環利用水來節約用水。根據“fixing leaky faucets, taking shorter showers and recycling water”可知，是節約用水，save“節約”，can后跟動詞原形。故填save。
60．句意：讓我們一起努力節約用水、保護我們的星球。根據前文介紹要保護水資源并節約用水可知，此處是指節約用水，water“水”，不可數名詞。故填water。
61．of 62．and 63．seeing 64．astonished 65．blown 66．daily 67．off 68．(u)se 69．waste 70．doing
【導語】本文通過一幅兄妹倡導文明的圖片，引申到日常環保行為，如節約用電、雙面用紙、減少一次性用品，強調每個人都能通過微小行動改善環境。
61．句意：姐姐說：“弟弟，你想個辦法叫人把垃圾扔進垃圾桶。”根據“think... a way”可知，此處指想出辦法；think of“想出”。故填of。
62．句意：弟弟拿出一張紙和一支筆寫道：文明只有一步之遙！分析句子可知，“a piece of paper”和“a pen”之間是并列關系。故填and。
63．句意：看完這張照片，我驚呆了！after是介詞，且see和其邏輯主語I之間是主動關系，應用動名詞形式。故填seeing。
64．句意：看完這張照片，我驚呆了！主語是I，所以應填形容詞astonished作表語，表示某物令人感到吃驚。故填astonished。
65．句意：如果有人把垃圾扔到垃圾桶外面，垃圾就會被吹得到處都是，清潔工不得不用手把垃圾撿起來。根據“ the garbage will be... everywhere”可知，此處表示垃圾將被風吹走，“will be+動詞的過去分詞”是一般將來時的被動語態，blow的過去分詞是blown。故填blown。
66．句意：在日常生活中盡量節約用電。“daily life”是固定搭配，意為“日常生活”。故填daily。
67．句意：例如，如果你是晚上最后一個離開教室的人，記得往前走一小步去關燈。根據“Try to save electricity in... life.”可知，此處指關燈；turn off意為“關掉”。故填off。
68．句意：只要有可能，試著把紙翻過來用另一面。根據“the other side”和首字母可知，此處應表示使用紙張的背面，use意為“使用”，不定式符號to后跟動詞原形。故填(u)se。
69．句意：盡量不要使用紙杯或一次性筷子，因為這被認為是對有限資源的浪費。結合常識可知，使用紙杯和一次性筷子被認為是對有限資源的浪費，a waste of sth意為“浪費……”。故填waste。
70．句意：我相信，做所有這些小事將改善我們的環境，并有助于使我們的世界成為一個更美好的居住地。分析句子可知，此處缺少主語，應用動名詞短語作主語。故填doing。
71．She learns how to save water. 72．She is Xiaoya’s friend. 73．Apples. 74．Sad. 75．By telling a story.
【導語】本文講述了Xiaoya參加了一個活動，學習了如何節約用水。
71．根據“Xiaoya joins in an activity and learns how to save water”可知Xiaoya從活動中學到了如何節約用水。故填She learns how to save water.
72．根據“she goes to visit her friend, Zhouzhou”可知Zhouzhou是Xiaoya的朋友。故填She is Xiaoya’s friend.
73．根據“she is washing apples”可知Zhouzhou為Xiaoya準備的水果是蘋果。故填Apples.
74．根據“After hearing (聽) the story, Zhouzhou feels sad ”可知Zhouzhou聽完故事后感到難過。故填Sad.
75．根據“Xiaoya comes to her and tells her a story”可知Xiaoya通過講故事幫助Zhouzhou了解節約用水的重要性。故填By telling a story.
76．例文
How to Save Water
Hello, I am Kangkang. We all need water. Water is so important for us and we should save water.
Animals, plants and people all need water. If there is no water, we can’t live. So what should we do to save water First, we should turn off the tap after we use the water. Second, we should take a shower but not a bath. Third, we can reuse water, such as using the water from washing vegetables to water the flowers.
Water is so valuable for us. Let’s save every drop of water!
【解析】[總體分析]
①題材：本文是一篇演講稿；
②時態：主要時態為一般現在時；
③提示：根據所給內容要點完成寫作，注意標點符號及大小寫等問題，不要犯語法錯誤。注意上下文之間的邏輯關系，語意連貫。
[寫作步驟]
第一步，點明寫作主題；
第二步，說明水的重要性；
第三步，提出節約用水的建議。
[亮點詞匯]
①turn off the tap 關掉水龍頭
②take a shower 淋浴
③reuse water 重復利用水
[高分句型]
①If there is no water, we can’t live. （if引導條件狀語從句）
②First, we should turn off the tap after we use the water.（after引導時間狀語從句）
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