資源簡介

(共52張PPT)
Section Ⅲ 　Learning About Language
語法知識過關
內
容
索
引
課時測評作業
語 法 知 識 過 關
Grammar——過去完成時及其被動語態
一、過去完成時概念及基本結構
[先感知]
①They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
他們到達旅館前已經吃過早飯了。
②There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.(譯林選必二U1)
有人擔心建造公寓大樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規定。
③Had she finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning
今天上午10點之前她寫完作文了嗎
④At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement had been reached.
在會議結束時,宣布已經達成了一項協議。
[會發現]
句①加黑處的時態為過去完成時,過去完成時由“　　　　　　　　”構成;句②加黑處為過去完成時的　　　　　　　　　　形式,其由“　　　　　　　　　　　　” 構成;句③為過去完成時的一般疑問句,要把had提到　　　　　　前;句④為過去完成時的　　　　　　　。
had+過去分詞
否定
had not+過去分詞
主語
被動語態
[明規則]
1.概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態,即“過去的過去”。
2.基本結構
主動語態 被動語態
肯定形式 had done had been done
否定形式 had not done had not been done
一般疑問句 had+主語+done had+主語+been done
特殊疑問句 疑問詞+had+主語+done 疑問詞+had+主語+been done
二、過去完成時的用法
[先感知]
①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他們本想幫忙,但沒能及時趕到。
②We had no sooner arrived at the bus station than the bus started.
→No sooner had we arrived at the bus station than the bus started.
我們剛到達車站公交車就開了。
③It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
這是我第一次在網上用英語聊天。
④Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.(譯林選必二U1)
普利策很快成為一名成功的記者,25 歲時,他已成為一名出版商。
[會發現]
句①加黑處用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的想法;句②為“no sooner...than...”句型,主句常用過去完成時;句③包含“It was the first time...that...”句型,從句時態為　　　　　　　　　　　　;句④“　　　　　　　　　　”與過去完成時連用。
過去完成時
by+過去的時間點
[明規則]
過去完成時的特殊用法
(1)動詞think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現的想法、希望、打算或意圖等;
(2)在“hardly...when”“no sooner...than”“scarcely...when”句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時;
(3)“It/This/That was the first/second/...time+that...”句型中,從句用過去完成時;
(4)過去完成時與“by.../by the end of.../by the time...”等連用。
小題集訓　單句語法填空/補全句子
①By the end of 1999,about 1,000 newspapers in China _____________ (set) up their own online news platforms.(譯林選二U1)
②Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,
　　　　　　　　 (evolve) from lower forms of life.(外研必一U5)
③Instead of getting down to a new task as I 　　　　　　(expect),he examined the previous work again.
had set
had evolved
had expected
④It was the first time that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　.
這是我們第一次在會議上被介紹。
⑤It was at least three months 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .
我離開北京至少3個月了。
we had been introduced at the conference
since I had left Beijing
三、過去完成時的被動語態
[先感知]
①When my breathing returned to normal,I reflected on what had just been achieved.(譯林選二 U2)
當我的呼吸恢復正常時,我回想了一下剛剛取得的成績。
②By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.(譯林選二U2)
到2016年去世時,阿里已被公認為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。
③My parents soon worked out this trick,though,and one day I came home to find that my room had been cleaned,and my homework had been put right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk!(外研選二U2)
然而,我的父母很快就想出了這個辦法。有一天,我回到家,發現我的房間已經打掃干凈了,我的作業被放在了一塵不染的桌子中央!
[會發現]
句①②③均為過去完成時的　　　　　語態,其結構為
　　　　　　　　　　　　。
[明規則]
1.過去完成時的被動語態表示過去某一時間之前已經完成的被動的動作,常與by、before等引導的時間狀語連用,其結構為had been+過去分詞。
2.在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動詞之后的賓語從句中,若表示過去某一被動動作時,用過去完成時的被動語態。
被動
had been+過去分詞
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①By the early 1980s,the great rockets previously used in the American space programme 　　　　　　　　　(replace) by the space shuttle.
(外研選四U6)
②It was an amazing achievement for a player who 　　　　　　(be) injured so recently.(譯林選二U2)
had been replaced
had been
③In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis 　　　　　　　　(kill) in the attack.
(譯林選三U3)
④As the assignment 　　　　　　　　(do),he went on to search the Internet.
had been killed
had been done
四、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
[先感知]
①Yesterday she said she had studied there two years ago.
昨天她說她在那里學習了兩年。
②When I got to the station,the train had already left.
當我到達火車站的時候,火車已經離開了。
③She took out the key,opened the door and entered her room.
她拿出鑰匙,打開門,然后走進了她的房間。
[會發現]
句①中的said的時態為　　　　　　,強調過去發生的動作,had studied的時態為　　　　　　,強調“過去的過去”;句②中的had left為先發生的動作,用　　　　　　,got為后發生的動作,用　　　　　　;句③中的三個動作是在過去接連發生的,用　　　　　　。
一般過去時
過去完成時
過去完成時
一般過去時
一般過去時
[明規則]
1.過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”;而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間發生的動作。
2.在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時,謂語動詞動作發生的時間先后須依據上下文來判斷:先發生的動作用過去完成時,后發生的動作用一般過去時。
3.當兩個或兩個以上的接連發生的動作用and或but連接時,按時間順序,只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①I used to be afraid of insects,but last Friday’s biology class
　　　　　　(make) a big change in me.(2023·全國甲卷)
②He returned home,　　　　　　(turn) on the light and
　　　　　　(read) an evening paper.
③Her whole family were pleased with her because she ____________
(win) the first prize in the composition competition.
④Dad showed me a photo we 　　　　　　(take) then—just see how time flies!(外研必一U3)
made
turned
read
had won
had taken
課 時 測 評 作 業
基礎語境練
素能提升練
[基礎語境練]
維度一　同義句轉換/句式轉換(每小題2分,共6分)
1.By the end of last year we had built five new buildings.
→
(變為被動語態)
2.Someone had broken into my house before I returned.
→
(變為被動語態)
Five new buildings had been built by the end of last year.
My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned.
3.She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.
①
(變為否定句)
②
(變為一般疑問句)
③
(對句中主語she提問)
She hadn’t finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.
Had she finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning
Who had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.When they got there,the famous singer 　　　　　　　　(leave).
2.I remember when you were his age,you said that you ____________
(want) to be a professional football player.
3.By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _________________
(complete) in Beijing.
4.The little child and her parents lived in a shelter because their house
　　　　　　　　　　(destroy) in the flood.
had left
wanted
had been completed
had been destroyed
5.I 　　　　　　　　(intend) to go to the cinema with you,but I had to take care of my grandmother.
6.All the film tickets 　　　　　　　　(sell) out when I got to the cinema.
7.By the last century,many devices 　　　　　　　　　　(invent) with the help of high technology.
8.He said he 　　　　　　　　(hope) to spend the important day with us,but he was too busy then.
had intended
had been sold
had been invented
had hoped
9.The twins,who 　　　　　　　　(finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10.It was the first time that my daughter 　　　　　　　　(ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
had finished
had been asked
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共12分)
1. ,but he still couldn’t remember the Chinese meaning of this word.
他已經被告知過很多次,但他還是記不住這個詞的中文意思。
2. on Friday afternoon,but something unexpected happened.
我本打算周五下午和你一起去書店,但是發生了意想不到的事情。
He had been told many times
I had intended to go to the bookstore with you
3.No sooner he was surrounded by the excited workers.
他剛一結束講話就被興奮的工人們圍了起來。
4.I ran across David while walking along the street yesterday, whom.I
.
昨天我在街上散步的時候碰到了戴維。我已經三年沒見過他了。
had he finished his talk than
hadn’t seen for three years
5. because of the heavy rain,so all the passengers had to take the train.
由于大雨,所有的航班都被取消了,乘客們不得不改乘火車。
6.It was the third time that she
to see the children.
這是她第三次來這個山村看望這些孩子。
All the flights had been cancelled
had come to this mountain village
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題1.5分,共10.5分)
My old friend,Jerry,1.　　　　　　 (live) in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned 2.　　　　　　　　　 (settle) down in the country.He had no sooner returned than he 3.__________
(buy) a house and went to live there.Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather,for even though it was still summer,it
4.　　　　　　　　 (rain) continually and it was often bitterly cold.
had lived
to settle
bought
rained
After so many years of sunshine,Jerry got a shock.He acted as if he
5.　　　　　　　　 (not live) in England before.In the end,it was more than he could bear.He had hardly had time to settle down when he 6.　　　　　　　　 (sell) the house and left the country.The dream he 7.　　　　　　　　 (have) for so many years ended there. Jerry had thought of everything except the weather.
hadn’t lived
sold
had had
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
I had the honour of being elected chief of my tribe (部落).With the title came great responsibility.It was my job to make peace with the Maori Tamaki tribe,whose village we visited.Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying,sticking eyes and much noise of sticks.They laid a palm leaf on the ground and,as head,I was forced to accept this peace offering by picking it up,then touching noses with their chief.“Kia ora,” he said,welcoming us into the woodland home of his people.
My “tribe” was my New Zealand coach tour group,who had forced me into being their leader.We’d been warned that the ceremony was a serious occasion and that to laugh or even smile would be considered rude to the Tamaki.After that it was non-stop fun as they demonstrated their ancient customs and I received instruction in performing the haka,the war dance immortalized (使不朽) by the All Blacks rugby team.
Then they pulled our dinner of lamb,beef and vegetables out of the ground.It had been slow-cooked in the heat just below the surface in the geothermal (地熱的) area of North Island,a Maori tradition known as a hangi that goes back an extremely long period of time.
Obviously,this form of it is put on for tourists but it was hugely enjoyable.The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort,our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show.“The wheels on the bus go round and round,” he got us singing,while he circuited a roundabout three times.
A couple of days from the end of our trip,there was still something missing,a New Zealand icon I wanted to see to make my grand tour complete.Riding over a ridge,there it was—Aotearoa.The Maori name for New Zealand translates as “the land of the long white cloud”.Can I say “Kia ora,Aotearoa ” You bet I can.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者榮幸地當選為部落的首席部長,承擔了重大的責任,他的工作是保持與所參觀的村莊Maori Tamaki部落的和平,本文以此展示,主要講述了作者參觀Maori Tamaki,并體驗其風俗文化。
1.How were the visitors greeted in the tribe
A.The soldiers made a palm leaf road.
B.The soldiers touched their noses.
C.The soldiers shook sticks fiercely.
D.The soldiers made noise with shut eyes.
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Their soldiers jumped from... on the ground”可知,毛利部落的勇士們從獨木舟上跳下來,用狂熱的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃動聲將作者一行人鎮住了,他們還在地面上放置一片棕櫚葉。這些都是毛利人對游客表示歡迎的方式。故選C。
√
2.Which refers to the Maori cooking custom
A.Kia ora. B.Haka.
C.Hangi. D.Tamaki.
解析　細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Then they pulled our...a Maori tradition known as a hangi ”可知,在地下土爐中烹制食物是毛利飲食傳統,這被稱為hangi。故選C。
√
3.What does the author think of the driver
A.He was good at singing.
B.He made the journey memorable.
C.He was not familiar with the road.
D.He performed well on a TV show.
解析　觀點態度題。根據第四段的“The journey back to...own television show...”可知,作者一行人的回賓館之旅讓他們難忘:有表演天賦的毛利老司機讓作者他們一路歡歌。故選B。
√
4.What is the best title for the text
A.A Taste of Maori Culture
B.Hello,New Zealand
C.The Honour of Being a Tribe Chief
D.The Best of New Zealand
解析　標題歸納題。作者作為赴新西蘭的旅游團的隊長,在旅游中有幸接觸毛利文化,這給作者留下了深刻的印象,故A項“體驗毛利文化”為最佳標題。
√
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1.　　　　　　,through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 2.　　　　　　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3.　　　　　 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food 4.　　　　　　(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5.__________ (change) lives.
By about 6,000 BC,people 6.　　　　　　　　 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,they learned to work with the 7.　　　　　　 (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,8.　　　　　　 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with 9.　　　　　　　　　　 rise of science,changes began.New methods 10.　　　　　　 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了農業的發展歷史。
1.in　[考查介詞。句意:公元前10 000年以后,人們第一次真正嘗試通過農業來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived 　　　　”是名詞the world 的定語從句,定語從句引導詞被省略,可推知先行詞在從句中作賓語,即:they lived in the world。故填in。]
2.what　[考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間里,他們開始減少對從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,空處引導賓語從句,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導詞應為“連接代詞”。根據句意,此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。]
3.than　[考查固定搭配。句意:農業比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產量更高。結合句意可知,此句中將農業生產與狩獵和采集相比,應用比較連詞than。more...than,意為“比……更”故填than。]
4.was needed　[考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:隨著更多的小孩出生,需要更多的食物。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間為被動關系。同時此處描述的是過去的時間,所以時態應用一般過去時。故此處應用一般過去時的被動語態。且主語為單數形式,故填was needed。]
5.to change　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:農業讓人們第一次體驗到技術改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已有動詞gave,故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式作后置定語。故填to change。]
6.had discovered　[考查動詞的時態。句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經發現了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養的牲畜。“by+過去時間”與過去完成時連用。故填had discovered。]
7.seasons　[考查名詞的單復數。句意:后來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在干旱地區,利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為可數名詞,應用復數形式。故填seasons。]
8.making　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關系。所以此處用動詞-ing形式與前邊的planting并列作狀語。故填making。]
9.the　[考查冠詞。句意:隨著科學的崛起,事情發生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著……的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。]
10.meant　[考查動詞的時態。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農業。文章的整體時態是一般過去時,根據時態一致原則此處也應為一般過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關系。所以此處填一般過去時的主動形式。故填meant。]Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language
Grammar——過去完成時及其被動語態
一、過去完成時概念及基本結構
[先感知]
①They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
他們到達旅館前已經吃過早飯了。
②There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.(譯林選必二U1)
有人擔心建造公寓大樓的建筑公司沒有遵守消防安全規定。
③Had she finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning
今天上午10點之前她寫完作文了嗎
④At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement had been reached.
在會議結束時,宣布已經達成了一項協議。
[會發現]
句①加黑處的時態為過去完成時,過去完成時由“had+過去分詞”構成;句②加黑處為過去完成時的否定形式,其由“had not+過去分詞”構成;句③為過去完成時的一般疑問句,要把had提到主語前;句④為過去完成時的被動語態。
[明規則]
1.概念:過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經完成的動作或存在的狀態,即“過去的過去”。
2.基本結構
主動語態 被動語態
肯定形式 had done had been done
否定形式 had not done had not been done
一般疑問句 had+主語+done had+主語+been done
特殊疑問句 疑問詞+had+主語+done 疑問詞+had+主語+been done
二、過去完成時的用法
[先感知]
①They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他們本想幫忙,但沒能及時趕到。
②We had no sooner arrived at the bus station than the bus started.
→No sooner had we arrived at the bus station than the bus started.
我們剛到達車站公交車就開了。
③It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
這是我第一次在網上用英語聊天。
④Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher.(譯林選必二U1)
普利策很快成為一名成功的記者,25 歲時,他已成為一名出版商。
[會發現]
句①加黑處用過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的想法;句②為“no sooner...than...”句型,主句常用過去完成時;句③包含“It was the first time...that...”句型,從句時態為過去完成時;句④“by+過去的時間點”與過去完成時連用。
[明規則]
過去完成時的特殊用法
(1)動詞think、want、hope、mean、plan、intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現的想法、希望、打算或意圖等;
(2)在“hardly...when”“no sooner...than”“scarcely...when”句型中,主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時;
(3)“It/This/That was the first/second/...time+that...”句型中,從句用過去完成時;
(4)過去完成時與“by.../by the end of.../by the time...”等連用。
小題集訓　單句語法填空/補全句子
①By the end of 1999,about 1,000 newspapers in China had set (set) up their own online news platforms.(譯林選二U1)
②Many people refused to believe that living things,including humans,had evolved (evolve) from lower forms of life.(外研必一U5)
③Instead of getting down to a new task as I had expected(expect),he examined the previous work again.
④It was the first time that we had been introduced at the conference.
這是我們第一次在會議上被介紹。
⑤It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我離開北京至少3個月了。
三、過去完成時的被動語態
[先感知]
①When my breathing returned to normal,I reflected on what had just been achieved.(譯林選二 U2)
當我的呼吸恢復正常時,我回想了一下剛剛取得的成績。
②By the time he died in 2016,Ali had been recognized as one of the greatest boxers of all time.(譯林選二U2)
到2016年去世時,阿里已被公認為有史以來最偉大的拳擊手之一。
③My parents soon worked out this trick,though,and one day I came home to find that my room had been cleaned,and my homework had been put right in the centre of a spotlessly clean desk!(外研選二U2)
然而,我的父母很快就想出了這個辦法。有一天,我回到家,發現我的房間已經打掃干凈了,我的作業被放在了一塵不染的桌子中央!
[會發現]
句①②③均為過去完成時的被動語態,其結構為had been+過去分詞。
[明規則]
1.過去完成時的被動語態表示過去某一時間之前已經完成的被動的動作,常與by、before等引導的時間狀語連用,其結構為had been+過去分詞。
2.在told、said、knew、heard、thought等動詞之后的賓語從句中,若表示過去某一被動動作時,用過去完成時的被動語態。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①By the early 1980s,the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced(replace) by the space shuttle.(外研選四U6)
②It was an amazing achievement for a player who had been (be) injured so recently.(譯林選二U2)
③In the chaos and confusion after the attack,the US Navy sent a message to his family that Louis had been killed(kill) in the attack.(譯林選三U3)
④As the assignment had been done (do),he went on to search the Internet.
四、過去完成時與一般過去時的區別
[先感知]
①Yesterday she said she had studied there two years ago.
昨天她說她在那里學習了兩年。
②When I got to the station,the train had already left.
當我到達火車站的時候,火車已經離開了。
③She took out the key,opened the door and entered her room.
她拿出鑰匙,打開門,然后走進了她的房間。
[會發現]
句①中的said的時態為一般過去時,強調過去發生的動作,had studied的時態為過去完成時,強調“過去的過去”;句②中的had left為先發生的動作,用過去完成時,got為后發生的動作,用一般過去時;句③中的三個動作是在過去接連發生的,用一般過去時。
[明規則]
1.過去完成時在時間上強調“過去的過去”;而一般過去時只強調過去某一特定的時間發生的動作。
2.在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時,謂語動詞動作發生的時間先后須依據上下文來判斷:先發生的動作用過去完成時,后發生的動作用一般過去時。
3.當兩個或兩個以上的接連發生的動作用and或but連接時,按時間順序,只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時。
小題集訓　單句語法填空
①I used to be afraid of insects,but last Friday’s biology class made(make) a big change in me.(2023·全國甲卷)
②He returned home,turned(turn) on the light and read(read) an evening paper.
③Her whole family were pleased with her because she had won(win) the first prize in the composition competition.
④Dad showed me a photo we had taken(take) then—just see how time flies!(外研必一U3)
[基礎語境練]
維度一　同義句轉換/句式轉換(每小題2分,共6分)
1.By the end of last year we had built five new buildings.
→Five new buildings had been built by the end of last year.(變為被動語態)
2.Someone had broken into my house before I returned.
→My house had been broken into (by someone) before I returned.(變為被動語態)
3.She had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.
①She hadn’t finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning.(變為否定句)
②Had she finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning (變為一般疑問句)
③Who had finished writing the composition by 10:00 this morning (對句中主語she提問)
維度二　單句語法填空(每小題1分,共10分)
1.When they got there,the famous singer had left(leave).
2.I remember when you were his age,you said that you wanted (want) to be a professional football player.
3.By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed (complete) in Beijing.
4.The little child and her parents lived in a shelter because their house had been destroyed (destroy) in the flood.
5.I had intended (intend) to go to the cinema with you,but I had to take care of my grandmother.
6.All the film tickets had been sold (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
7.By the last century,many devices had been invented (invent) with the help of high technology.
8.He said he had hoped (hope) to spend the important day with us,but he was too busy then.
9.The twins,who had finished (finish) their homework,were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10.It was the first time that my daughter had been asked (ask) to sing in public and she was a bit nervous.
維度三　語法與寫作(每小題2分,共12分)
1.He had been told many times,but he still couldn’t remember the Chinese meaning of this word.
他已經被告知過很多次,但他還是記不住這個詞的中文意思。
2.I had intended to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon,but something unexpected happened.
我本打算周五下午和你一起去書店,但是發生了意想不到的事情。
3.No sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded by the excited workers.
他剛一結束講話就被興奮的工人們圍了起來。
4.I ran across David while walking along the street yesterday,whom.I hadn’t seen for three years.
昨天我在街上散步的時候碰到了戴維。我已經三年沒見過他了。
5.All the flights had been cancelled because of the heavy rain,so all the passengers had to take the train.
由于大雨,所有的航班都被取消了,乘客們不得不改乘火車。
6.It was the third time that she had come to this mountain village to see the children.
這是她第三次來這個山村看望這些孩子。
維度四　語法與語篇(每小題1.5分,共10.5分)
My old friend,Jerry,1.had lived (live) in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England.He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned 2.to settle (settle) down in the country.He had no sooner returned than he 3.bought(buy) a house and went to live there.Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather,for even though it was still summer,it 4.rained (rain) continually and it was often bitterly cold.After so many years of sunshine,Jerry got a shock.He acted as if he 5.hadn’t lived (not live) in England before.In the end,it was more than he could bear.He had hardly had time to settle down when he 6.sold (sell) the house and left the country.The dream he 7.had had (have) for so many years ended there.Jerry had thought of everything except the weather.
[素能提升練]
Ⅰ.閱讀理解(每小題2.5分,共10分)
I had the honour of being elected chief of my tribe (部落).With the title came great responsibility.It was my job to make peace with the Maori Tamaki tribe,whose village we visited.Their soldiers jumped from a canoe and faced us down with fierce crying,sticking eyes and much noise of sticks.They laid a palm leaf on the ground and,as head,I was forced to accept this peace offering by picking it up,then touching noses with their chief.“Kia ora,” he said,welcoming us into the woodland home of his people.
My “tribe” was my New Zealand coach tour group,who had forced me into being their leader.We’d been warned that the ceremony was a serious occasion and that to laugh or even smile would be considered rude to the Tamaki.After that it was non-stop fun as they demonstrated their ancient customs and I received instruction in performing the haka,the war dance immortalized (使不朽) by the All Blacks rugby team.
Then they pulled our dinner of lamb,beef and vegetables out of the ground.It had been slow-cooked in the heat just below the surface in the geothermal (地熱的) area of North Island,a Maori tradition known as a hangi that goes back an extremely long period of time.
Obviously,this form of it is put on for tourists but it was hugely enjoyable.The journey back to the hotel was alone worth the effort,our elder Maori driver being deserving of his own television show.“The wheels on the bus go round and round,” he got us singing,while he circuited a roundabout three times.
A couple of days from the end of our trip,there was still something missing,a New Zealand icon I wanted to see to make my grand tour complete.Riding over a ridge,there it was—Aotearoa.The Maori name for New Zealand translates as “the land of the long white cloud”.Can I say “Kia ora,Aotearoa ” You bet I can.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者榮幸地當選為部落的首席部長,承擔了重大的責任,他的工作是保持與所參觀的村莊Maori Tamaki部落的和平,本文以此展示,主要講述了作者參觀Maori Tamaki,并體驗其風俗文化。
1.How were the visitors greeted in the tribe
A.The soldiers made a palm leaf road.
B.The soldiers touched their noses.
C.The soldiers shook sticks fiercely.
D.The soldiers made noise with shut eyes.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第一段中的“Their soldiers jumped from...on the ground”可知,毛利部落的勇士們從獨木舟上跳下來,用狂熱的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃動聲將作者一行人鎮住了,他們還在地面上放置一片棕櫚葉。這些都是毛利人對游客表示歡迎的方式。故選C。]
2.Which refers to the Maori cooking custom
A.Kia ora. B.Haka.
C.Hangi. D.Tamaki.
答案　C　[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Then they pulled our...a Maori tradition known as a hangi ”可知,在地下土爐中烹制食物是毛利飲食傳統,這被稱為hangi。故選C。]
3.What does the author think of the driver
A.He was good at singing.
B.He made the journey memorable.
C.He was not familiar with the road.
D.He performed well on a TV show.
答案　B　[觀點態度題。根據第四段的“The journey back to...own television show...”可知,作者一行人的回賓館之旅讓他們難忘:有表演天賦的毛利老司機讓作者他們一路歡歌。故選B。]
4.What is the best title for the text
A.A Taste of Maori Culture
B.Hello,New Zealand
C.The Honour of Being a Tribe Chief
D.The Best of New Zealand
答案　A　[標題歸納題。作者作為赴新西蘭的旅游團的隊長,在旅游中有幸接觸毛利文化,這給作者留下了深刻的印象,故A項“體驗毛利文化”為最佳標題。]
Ⅱ.語法填空(每小題1.5分,共15分)
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1.　　　　　　,through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 2.　　　　　　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 3.　　　　　　　　 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food 4.　　　　　　(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 5.　　　　　　(change) lives.
By about 6,000 BC,people 6.　　　　　　　　 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,they learned to work with the 7.　　　　　　 (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,8.　　　　　　 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with 9.　　　　　　 rise of science,changes began.New methods 10.　　　　　　 (mean) that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了農業的發展歷史。
1.in　[考查介詞。句意:公元前10 000年以后,人們第一次真正嘗試通過農業來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived 　　　　”是名詞the world 的定語從句,定語從句引導詞被省略,可推知先行詞在從句中作賓語,即:they lived in the world。故填in。]
2.what　[考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時間里,他們開始減少對從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們飼養的動物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,空處引導賓語從句,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導詞應為“連接代詞”。根據句意,此處缺“什么”之意。故填what。]
3.than　[考查固定搭配。句意:農業比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產量更高。結合句意可知,此句中將農業生產與狩獵和采集相比,應用比較連詞than。more...than,意為“比……更”故填than。]
4.was needed　[考查動詞的時態、語態和主謂一致。句意:隨著更多的小孩出生,需要更多的食物。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間為被動關系。同時此處描述的是過去的時間,所以時態應用一般過去時。故此處應用一般過去時的被動語態。且主語為單數形式,故填was needed。]
5.to change　[考查非謂語動詞。句意:農業讓人們第一次體驗到技術改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已有動詞gave,故提示詞部分需用非謂語動詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式作后置定語。故填to change。]
6.had discovered　[考查動詞的時態。句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經發現了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養的牲畜。“by+過去時間”與過去完成時連用。故填had discovered。]
7.seasons　[考查名詞的單復數。句意:后來,他們學會了因地制宜,在適當的時間播種,在干旱地區,利用每年的洪水來灌溉農田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為可數名詞,應用復數形式。故填seasons。]
8.making　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動”關系。所以此處用動詞-ing形式與前邊的planting并列作狀語。故填making。]
9.the　[考查冠詞。句意:隨著科學的崛起,事情發生了變化。with the rise of 譯為“隨著……的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。]
10.meant　[考查動詞的時態。句意:新方法意味著更少的人從事農業。文章的整體時態是一般過去時,根據時態一致原則此處也應為一般過去時。邏輯主語和動詞之間表示主動關系。所以此處填一般過去時的主動形式。故填meant。]

展開更多......

收起↑