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UNIT 6　Earth first
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.It is best to check the temperature of the water before 　　　　　　（潛水） headfirst.
2.The fast food industry selfishly 　　　　　　（把……作為目標(biāo)） children， making them obese after eating too much high-calorie food.
3.A 　　　　　　（鯊魚） is a large sea fish with very sharp teeth and a pointed fin on its back.
4.She was s　　　　　　 to go into the yard because a big dog was in it.
5.Not only setting clear goals but also having a positive a　　　　　　 is a must for anyone who wants to achieve success.
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1.The conservation organization aims to preserve the endangered species from 　　　　　　（extinct）.
2.I used to oversleep in the morning.　　　　　　 （fortunate）， my roommates always woke me up in time.
3.He was 　　　　　　（scare） that his mother would leave him alone at home in the evening.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.Tina 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（把她的寵物狗Lucky看作） her best friend.Whenever she feels lonely， Lucky is always with her.
2.　　　　　　　　　　 （由于） people’s hunting， the number of pangolin has decreased rapidly.
3.Sleeping too little 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（對我們的健康有不好的影響），which can make it hard for us to concentrate on what we’re doing.
4.I agree with most of what my mother said about the plan， but I 　　　　　　　　　　　　（并不完全贊同她）.
5.He， 　　　　　　　（而不是） his competitor， won the National Game in the end.
6.I don’t think we can manage it that way； I think it should go on 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（相反的情況）.
7.It is reported that over 1，000 sharks 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（被切去鰭） last year.
8.Beckham school will 　　　　　　　　　　（面向） boys and girls of all levels aged between 8 and 15.
9.When I got home from work， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（看見爺爺正在花園里干活）.
10.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他正在寫一篇報道這時） his cousin came to visit him.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a dark sea 1.　　　　　　 （attack） by a great white shark and finally was killed by it， which made people consider the great white shark as 2.　　　　　　 dangerous animal.
Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things 3.　　　　　　 （bad）， other people started fishing for sharks， 4.　　　　　　 （kill） as many as they could.As a result， the number of large sharks around America fell quickly.5.　　　　　　 （fin） is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6.　　　　　　 （painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
In 1980， Peter Benchley， the man 7.　　　　　　 wrote the book the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way round.From that day on， he fought 8.　　　　　　 （protect） sharks.9.　　　　　　 （expert） have proved that sharks do not see people as food， and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are killed by sharks every year.
Fortunately， some people began to protect sharks.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them 10.　　　　　　 extinction.
　　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A compost （堆肥） program at the Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth grade students to teach them ways to solve human-driven climate change. For the past year， 5，200 pounds of food waste from the school has gone into compost containers rather than a landfill where it would just break down and produce planet-warming gases.
　　The school workers could have easily thrown the food waste into a city-provided green bin （垃圾箱）. “But taking it out of sight， which would have been easier， would have missed the point，” says science teacher Johnna Hampton. “When it’s invisible like that， they don’t see it， but they know it doesn’t sink in （心安） .”
　　When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile， it sank in. “That’s my orange chicken in there，” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is my food.”
　　The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home， and whatever is left will be donated.
　　Fifth grader Sloan felt so encouraged by the school’s compost program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders， Sloan says， “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200， and we donated it.” They also helped create a petition （請愿） to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.
　　Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps these planet， instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed，” he says.
　　Jennifer Silverstein， an expert on climate， says the school’s compost program checks a lot of these boxes for effective， positive climate education to help youth understand the crisis of human-caused climate change.
1.What is the purpose of the compost program？（　　）
A.To prevent wasting food.
B.To deal with climate change.
C.To raise money for the school.
D.To keep friendship among kids.
2.How did the school deal with the food waste before？（　　）
A.By selling to families as compost.
B.By putting into compost containers.
C.By turning into new food again.
D.By throwing into dustbins.
3.How has the program affected Sloan？（　　）
A.She has taken climate action.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has got a part-time job in the school.
D.She has developed a new way to donate.
4.What can we learn about the program from the last two paragraphs？（　　）
A.It is well received.
B.It is highly profitable.
C.It needs to be more effective.
D.It takes time to watch the result.
B
　　In the past few weeks， Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017， the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth.Food.Love in Tones， Devon， with his wife， Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store — the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in — people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before，” he says.
　　Recently， the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales， Birmingham， and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year， which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
　　Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland， founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”， says， “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
　　Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute， and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
5.What is special about Earth. Food. Love？（　　）
A.It gives away boxes of food.
B.It is a store without plastic bags.
C.It has few new customers.
D.It is the UK’s first supermarket.
6.What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place？（　　）
A.Its popularity. B.Its products.
C.Its profits. D.Its similarity.
7.What does the underlined word “contamination” in the last paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Pollution. B.Acceptance.
C.Influence. D.Application.
8.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B.Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns.
C.A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK.
D.Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention.
C
　　Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City， Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
　　The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its natural ecosystem.
　　The project contains five parts： a 129-km road encircling the entire lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
　　By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically completed.A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City are the main source of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
　　According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the corridor.More migratory birds （候鳥） fly to the lake and there is less algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
9.Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（　　）
A.To treat wastewater.
B.To protect wildlife.
C.To attract more tourists.
D.To preserve local ecology.
10.Which of the following is involved in the project？（　　）
A.Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B.Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C.Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D.Promoting construction in the protection area.
11.What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（　　）
A.They focus on the pearl industry.
B.They provide tourism opportunities.
C.They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D.They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
12.What do staff members think of the project？（　　）
A.It needs improving.
B.It works unexpectedly.
C.It turns out to be good.
D.It has advantages and disadvantages.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Used clothing that you no longer wear can be donated to charities. And clothing with broken zippers or missing buttons can be repaired and worn again. But what do you do when your favorite shirt is too torn to wear or your socks have too many holes？
　　Every year in the UK， 336，000 tons of unwanted old clothing and shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills， according to Recycle Now. 13.（　　） So， instead of throwing away these old clothes， try one of these eco-friendly ways to give them a second chance.
　　One of the best ways to deal with unwanted clothing is to make it into something completely different. You can use pieces of old cloth as filling for pillows.14.（　　）
　　Another very good way to reuse old textiles （紡織品） made of cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths around your home.15.（　　） And they are greener than using microfiber cleaning towels that drop fibers when washed.
　　Besides， animal shelters are always looking for used towels and blankets to keep their animals warm. 16.（　　） And while you are throwing away your textiles， remember that shelters could use donations of unopened pet food and things too.
　　17.（　　） Green Life is one of them. For a small fee， Green Life will ship you a bag that can be filled with up to 25 pounds of used clothing and sent to the company for reuse. When the bag is received， the sender receives a small amount of money to be used on the company’s website. Everything Green Life sells is made of recycled fibers.
A.You can bring your clothing to Green Life.
B.Or you can turn something you like into a doll.
C.So you can donate your unwanted clothing to such places.
D.Some clothing companies have their own recycling services.
E.The cleaning cloths can be washed and reused， unlike paper towels.
F.Check to see whether certain items you are throwing out can be donated.
G.This leads to greenhouse gases and allows chemicals to get into the soil.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
基礎(chǔ)知識自測
維度一
1.diving　2.targets 　3.shark　4.scared　5.attitude
維度二
1.extinction　2.Fortunately　3.scared
維度三
1.sees her pet dog Lucky as
2.Due to
3.has a bad effect upon/on our health
4.don’t agree with everything
5.rather than
6.the other way round
7.were finned
8.be targeted at
9.saw my grandpa working in the garden
10.He was writing a report when
維度四
1.was attacked　2.a　3.worse　4.killing　5.Finning
6.painfully　7.who/that　8.to protect　9.Experts　10.from
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了洛杉磯衛(wèi)斯理學(xué)校的一個堆肥項(xiàng)目正在幫助從幼兒園到八年級的學(xué)生，教授他們解決人為造成的氣候變化的方法。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，堆肥計劃的目的是教會學(xué)生們應(yīng)對氣候變化。
2.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，以前學(xué)校處理食物垃圾的辦法就是丟進(jìn)城市提供的綠色垃圾桶里。
3.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，Sloan決定在校外采取行動來應(yīng)對氣候變化。
4.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，學(xué)校的學(xué)生和氣候?qū)＜叶颊J(rèn)為這個項(xiàng)目非常好，能夠幫助年輕人了解人類造成的氣候變化危機(jī)以及采取自己力所能及的行動來應(yīng)對氣候變化。由此可推知，這個項(xiàng)目很受歡迎。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章以沒有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love為例，說明了政府和個人都在關(guān)注塑料污染問題，提倡減少使用塑料。
5.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的It’s the UK’s first ... their own containers.可知，Earth. Food. Love的特別之處在于它是一家沒有塑料袋的商店。
6.A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這家店的受歡迎程度讓卡爾迪羅尼的店搬到了一個更大的地方。
7.A　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上下文可知，塑料污染范圍如此之廣，以至于世界各地的自來水也含有塑料。故畫線詞意為“污染”。
8.B　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章以沒有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love為例，說明了政府和個人都在關(guān)注塑料污染問題，提倡減少使用塑料。由此可知，本文的主要內(nèi)容是反塑料運(yùn)動的興起以及對環(huán)境問題的日益關(guān)注。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了洱海生態(tài)廊道工程。
9.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生態(tài)廊道的目的是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。
10.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，開展?jié)竦鼗謴?fù)研究包含在該項(xiàng)目中。
11.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村莊，這些村莊因該項(xiàng)目獲得了更好的交通條件以及發(fā)展旅游業(yè)的機(jī)會，因此這些村莊受益于該項(xiàng)目。
12.C　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，在廊道的建設(shè)過程中，洱海的水質(zhì)及生態(tài)都有了改善，同時，廊道也成為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用褚约巴獾赜慰瓦M(jìn)行鍛煉、觀光的好去處。由此推知，工作人員認(rèn)為該項(xiàng)目被證明很好。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些對于舊衣服和鞋子的環(huán)保處理方法。
13.G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，在英國，每年有336，000噸不想要的舊衣服和鞋子被扔掉并送往垃圾填埋場。G項(xiàng)（這會導(dǎo)致溫室氣體，并允許化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入土壤）符合語境。
14.B　空前一句說明了舊布的用途。B項(xiàng)（或者你可以把你喜歡的東西變成一個洋娃娃）符合語境。
15.E　空前一句講述了舊衣服做清潔布的好處。E項(xiàng)（與紙巾不同，清潔布可以清洗和重復(fù)使用）符合語境。
16.C　空前一句講述了舊毛巾和毯子在動物收容所中的用處。C項(xiàng)（所以你可以把你不需要的衣服捐給這些地方）符合語境。
17.D　根據(jù)下文可知，Green Life是一家回收服務(wù)公司。D項(xiàng)（一些服裝公司有自己的回收服務(wù)）符合語境，與下文為例證關(guān)系。
6 / 6Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
SHARKS： DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED？
We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.Suddenly， she is pulled underwater①.She surfaces②， cries in fear， then disappears forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws， [1]showing a shark attack.It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.Jaws was a great success， attracting huge audiences and winning many awards.It strengthened people’s long-held③ idea of the great white shark as a dangerous animal.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作定語，可改寫為定語從句which shows a shark attack。
People have always been scared④ of sharks， but Jaws [2]made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white shark.[3]Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.Some people stopped swimming in the sea， [4]afraid of the horrible creature from the film.Other people started fishing for sharks， [5]killing as many as they could.At that time， nobody cared if sharks were killed， or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed.
　　[2]此處為“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞worse在此作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
[3]此處who saw the film為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞Many people；that sharks ...ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作believe的賓語；賓語從句中的that ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞bad animals。
[4]形容詞短語作原因狀語。
[5]動詞-ing短語作狀語，其中as many as they could是“as ...as ...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“盡可能多的”。
After 1975，the number of large sharks around America fell quickly， and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑤ fear of sharks， but also finning⑥.Finning is a type of fishing [6]where sharks are caught and their fins cut off⑦.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
　　[6]where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a type of fishing；cut off前省略了are。
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley， [7]the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.In 1980， Benchley was diving⑧ when he came across an awful sight.It was an area where fishermen were finning， and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.Benchley [8]saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change in him.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than⑨ the other way round⑩.From that day on， he fought to protect sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.[9]Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food， and they attack us by mistake .Only around six people are killed by sharks every year.
　　[7]此處為Peter Benchley的同位語，其中who ...based on 為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞 the man；該定語從句中又包含一個省略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句the film Jaws was based on，該定語從句修飾先行詞the book。
[8]此處為“see＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，being killed在此作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作。
[9]此處為and連接的并列句。第一個分句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作proved的賓語。
Fortunately ，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them from extinction .
【讀文清障】
①underwater adv.在水面下
②surface vi.升到水面，浮出水面
③long-held adj.長期持有的
④scare v.使（某人）驚恐，嚇唬
⑤due to 由于，因?yàn)?br/>⑥fin v.切去（魚的）鰭
n.魚鰭
⑦cut off切掉；被隔絕；切斷（供給）；中斷
⑧dive v.（通常指使用呼吸設(shè)備的）潛水
go diving去潛水
diver n.（通常指有專用裝備的）潛水員
⑨rather than而不是
⑩the other way round相反的情況；顛倒過來，反過來
target v.把……作為目標(biāo)
by mistake 錯誤地，無意中
[近義詞組]by chance
偶然，意外地
[反義詞組]on purpose
故意地；有意地
fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
[近義]luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地
extinction n.滅絕，絕種
be threatened with
extinction/in danger of
extinction 面臨滅絕的威脅/有滅絕的危險
extinct adj.已滅絕的，絕種的
【參考譯文】
鯊魚：危險動物還是瀕危動物？
我們看到一個女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么東西拖到了水下。她掙扎著露出水面，發(fā)出驚恐的尖叫聲，然后就徹底消失了。這是1975年上映的電影《大白鯊》的開場畫面，呈現(xiàn)了鯊魚攻擊人類的一幕。電影講述了一只大白鯊襲擊并殺死游泳者的故事。電影大獲成功，吸引了大量觀眾并贏得了眾多獎項(xiàng)。這部電影也加深了人們對大白鯊的固有印象：這是一種危險的動物。
人們本就害怕鯊魚，而電影《大白鯊》加深了這種惡劣印象，讓人們對鯊魚，特別是大白鯊，心生恐懼。許多看過這部電影的人開始相信，鯊魚是吃人的有害動物。由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人則開始無所顧忌地捕殺鯊魚。當(dāng)時，沒人在意鯊魚是否被殺，也沒人在意殺了多少。人們認(rèn)為鯊魚死有余辜。
1975年之后，在美國附近海域里，大型鯊魚的數(shù)量迅速下降，這一趨勢很快蔓延到全球。這不僅僅是因?yàn)槿祟悓︴忯~的恐懼，還因?yàn)椴筛铘~鰭。采割魚鰭是一種漁獵活動，人們捕到鯊魚后將魚鰭割下，鯊魚被扔回海中緩慢而痛苦地死去，割下的魚鰭用來做魚翅湯。每年有數(shù)百萬的鯊魚因此喪命。
魚鰭采割活動對《大白鯊》電影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利產(chǎn)生了出乎意料的影響。1980年，本奇利正在潛水，這時他看到了可怕的一幕：漁民們正在這片海域采割鯊魚的魚鰭，海底遍布著鯊魚的尸體。本奇利親眼目睹鯊魚被殺，這引起了他內(nèi)心的深刻轉(zhuǎn)變。他意識到人類才是鯊魚的威脅，而鯊魚并非人類的敵人。從那天起，他開始為保護(hù)鯊魚而努力。他承認(rèn)自己書中對鯊魚行為的描述是不正確的。“鯊魚并不以人類為攻擊目標(biāo)，”他說。專家們也已經(jīng)證明鯊魚不會將人類視為食物，它們對人類的攻擊都是無意的。每年因鯊魚攻擊致死的人數(shù)僅六人左右。
幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊魚——有些人變得更有興趣去了解它們。時至今日，隨著我們對鯊魚了解的加深，越來越多的人愿意去保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕。
　
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
1.What do we know about the 1975 film Jaws？ （　　）
A.It was a film based on a real story.
B.It made people more scared of sharks.
C.It raised people’s awareness of protecting sharks.
D.It made the great sharks world-famous overnight.
2.What’s most people’s attitude towards sharks after watching Jaws？（　　）
A.Wanting them killed.
B.Getting their fins.
C.Making delicious food with them.
D.Avoiding watching them in the sea.
3.How did Peter Benchley feel after diving in 1980？ （　　）
A.Sharks shouldn’t see people as food.
B.Sharks ate too many people each year.
C.People were in fact a danger to sharks.
D.Laws should be made to stop people swimming in the sea.
4.How does the author feel about the future of the sharks？（　　）
A.Worried.　　　　　　B.Pessimistic.
C.Unconcerned. D.Optimistic.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
1.Are there any endangered animals in your country？ What are they？
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.What can you do to protect them？
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達(dá)升級
1.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals that ate humans.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。 who saw the film為who引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞Many people；that sharks ...ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，該從句中的that ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞bad animals。
自主翻譯 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
2.Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。the man為Peter Benchley的　　　　語，其中who ...based on 為who引導(dǎo)的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞the man；該從句中又包含一個省略了關(guān)系詞的　　　　從句the film Jaws was based on，該從句修飾先行詞the book。
自主翻譯 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
scare v.使（某人）驚恐，嚇唬
【教材原句】　People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws made things worse.
人們本就害怕鯊魚，而電影《大白鯊》加深了這種惡劣印象。
【用法】　
（1）scare sb away/off 把某人嚇跑/嚇退
scare sb into （doing） sth威脅/恐嚇某人（做）某事
（2）scared adj.　　　　　　恐懼的；害怕的
害怕做某事
（be） scared to death 嚇得要死
【佳句】　I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.
聽到那巨大的響聲，我?guī)缀醣粐標(biāo)馈?br/>【聯(lián)想】　表示“害怕”的其他短語還有be frightened of 和be afraid of。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①At first， John was scared 　　　　planes， but now， flying to other countries on business is his main business.
②The frightened look on her face told us the girl was 　　　　（scare） to death.
③It was the dog that scared the thief 　　　　　.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④In our whole lives， we always want to follow the path that others suggest because we 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在我們的一生中，我們總是想遵循別人建議的道路，因?yàn)槲覀兒ε率　?br/>due to由于，因?yàn)?br/>【教材原句】　This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also finning.
這不僅僅是因?yàn)槿祟悓︴忯~的恐懼，還因?yàn)椴筛铘~鰭。
【用法】　
due adj.　　應(yīng)給予的，應(yīng)支付的，應(yīng)歸還的；預(yù)定的，預(yù)計的，預(yù)期的
be due to sb 應(yīng)付給某人，應(yīng)給予某人（to為介詞）
be due to do sth　預(yù)計做某事，預(yù)定做某事
【佳句】　Due to these problems， we hope to get your help at your convenience.
由于這些問題，我們希望在您方便的時候得到您的幫助。
【生義】　My essay is due next Friday and I often work long into the night.
我的論文下周五要交，我經(jīng)常工作到深夜。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Due 　　　　her latest discovery， she has been confirmed as one of the leading female scientists in physics so far.
②Any money that is due 　　　　you will be paid before the end of the month.
③The English version of the novel is due to 　　　　　　（publish） next year.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　， my English scores are always on the top of my class.
由于您的幫助，我的英語成績總是在班里名列前茅。（感謝信）
cut off切斷；中斷；隔絕
【教材原句】　Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.
采割魚鰭是一種漁獵活動，人們捕到鯊魚后將魚鰭割下。
【用法】　
cut down　　　　　削減；刪節(jié)；砍伐
cut out 切去；刪除；停止（做某事）
cut up 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿過；穿透
cut in （on sb/sth） 打斷（談話）；插嘴
cut across 抄近路；走捷徑
cut back on 削減，縮減
【佳句】　The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
由于大雪，這個城鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The trees were cut 　　　　　　， which resulted in the area being buried by sand.
②She kept cutting 　　　　on our conversation，which made us very angry.
③Cut 　　　　the carrots before you put them into the pot.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Don’t hesitate 　　　　　　　　　　　　in your passage.
刪掉你文章中那些無用的信息時別猶豫。
rather than而不是
【教材原句】　He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way round.
他意識到人類才是鯊魚的威脅，而鯊魚并非人類的敵人。
【用法】　
（1）rather than連接兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如名詞、代詞、形容詞、動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式等，所連接的兩個結(jié)構(gòu)的形式應(yīng)保持一致。（2）rather than連接兩個動詞不定式時，后一個常省略 to，當(dāng)rather than 置于句首時，后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式。
（3） rather than連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than 前面的結(jié)構(gòu)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
【佳句】　It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the breakfast upstairs.
送早餐上樓的是這對雙胞胎，而不是他們的父親。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The truth is that the passers-by， rather than the driver， 　　　　　　（be） to blame for the accident.
②He decided to study further rather than 　　　　　　（work）.
③Rather than 　　　　（stay） here， I prefer to leave for another city.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Facing up to your problems bravely 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is the best approach to working things out.
勇敢面對你的問題而不是逃避它們是解決事情的最佳方法。（建議信）
target v.把……作為目標(biāo) n.[C] 目標(biāo)；靶；（攻擊的）對象
【教材原句】　“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.“鯊魚并不以人類為攻擊目標(biāo)，”他說。
【用法】　
（1）target ...at/on ...　　把……作為……的目標(biāo)，針對……
（2）target group/users 目標(biāo)群體/用戶
set a target 制定目標(biāo)
meet/achieve a target 完成目標(biāo)
hit/miss the target 中靶/脫靶
【佳句】　My target is to prepare myself for getting a degree in biology.
我的目標(biāo)是為取得生物學(xué)學(xué)位做好準(zhǔn)備。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted 　　　　　　the factories which have been polluting the environment.
②　　　　　　 （hit） the target in the forest far from here，you have to aim at it.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I am sure you can 　　　　　　　　　　　by practicing every day.
我相信通過每天練習(xí)你能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。
fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
【教材原句】　Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks ...
幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊魚……
【用法】
（1）fortunate adj.　　 　幸運(yùn)的；吉利的
be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸運(yùn)
It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（對某人來說）做……是幸運(yùn)的
（2）fortune n.　　　　運(yùn)氣；命運(yùn)；財富，財產(chǎn)
make a fortune 發(fā)財，賺錢
try one’s fortune 碰運(yùn)氣
（3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【佳句】　I was late， but fortunately the train hadn’t left.
我遲到了，不過幸運(yùn)的是，火車還沒有開走。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When he went abroad to try his 　　　　　（fortunate）， he gained great wealth.
②Last year， he went to Beijing and soon made 　　　　big fortune.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③就我而言，我很幸運(yùn)有這樣一位好老師。
→As far as I’m concerned， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　such a good teacher.
→As fas as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　I have such a good teacher.
→As far as I’m concerned， 　　　　　　　　　　　　such a good teacher.
attitude n.（尤指通過行為表現(xiàn)出的對某事的一般）看法，態(tài)度
【教材原句】　Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.
用文章中的單詞和詞組來完成下面的表格，該表格說明了（人們）對鯊魚態(tài)度的變化。
【用法】　
an attitude towards/to ...對……的態(tài)度/看法
have/take/adopt a（n） ...attitude towards/to ... 對……持……的態(tài)度
an attitude of mind 心態(tài)
【佳句】　As the saying goes， attitude determines altitude.Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it.俗話說，態(tài)度決定高度。世上無難事，只怕有心人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It was his optimistic attitude 　　　　　　life and hard work that finally led him to his success.
②His attitude to 　　　　　　（protect） the wild animals is very firm.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I dislike him because he always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the people around him.
我不喜歡他，因?yàn)樗麑χ車娜丝偸菓B(tài)度不好。
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：形容詞（短語）作狀語
【教材原句】　Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of the horrible creature from the film.由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。
【用法】　
（1）句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于because some people were afraid of the horrible creature from the film。
（2）形容詞（短語）作狀語可以表示方式、原因或伴隨等，用于說明主語的狀態(tài)等；可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗號將其與句子其他成分隔開。
【品悟】　Cold， hungry and alone， I looked at the garden， wondering about my future here.
我又冷又餓，孤身一人，望著那個花園，思索著我在這里的未來。
【點(diǎn)津】　形容詞（短語）作狀語時常用來說明句子主語的特點(diǎn)或處于某種狀態(tài)，即和主語常可構(gòu)成系表關(guān)系。如果用來修飾句子的謂語動詞或整個句子，則應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。
I overslept this morning.Luckily， the bus was late and I went to school on time.
今天早晨我睡過頭了。幸運(yùn)的是，公交車晚點(diǎn)了，我才按時去上學(xué)。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①由于抽不出時間，我不得不放棄這個計劃。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， I had to give up the plan.
②他回到家里，又餓又累。
He arrived home， 　　　　　　　　　　　.
③這些蘋果成熟時是很甜的。
　　　　　　， these apples are very sweet.
④他性格活潑又隨和，跟所有同學(xué)都相處得很好。
　　　　　　　　　　　　， he gets on well with all of his classmates.
⑤She suddenly appeared in front of me and seemed happy and satisfied.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， she suddenly appeared in front of me.（形容詞短語作狀語）
⑥Mary’s father was surprised and happy， and he began to shout at his wife and daughter.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife and daughter. （形容詞短語作狀語）
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】　Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊魚——有些人變得更有興趣去了解它們。
【用法】　
（1）該句是表示部分否定的句型。not everyone ...＝everyone ...not ...，意為“并非每個人都……”。
（2）當(dāng)not與all， both， everyone， everybody， everything以及“every＋名詞”出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中時，不管not在它們之前還是之后都表示部分否定。
（3） 英語中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表示否定意義的詞與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。
【品悟】　 Not everything is as good as you expect.
并非所有的事情都如你所期望的那樣美好。
【寫美】　微寫作
①我同意你所說的大部分內(nèi)容，也就是說，我并非同意所有內(nèi)容。
I agree with most of what you said， that’s to say， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②會議將在九月份舉行，但沒有人知道確切日期。
The meeting will be held in September， but 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③不是所有程序員在這個問題上都認(rèn)同我的觀點(diǎn)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 agree with me on this matter.
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.frightened of　2.stopped swimming　3.fell quickly
4.misunderstanding
第二步
1－4　BACD
第三步
（1）People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white shark.
（2）Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
第四步
1.Yes.Tibetan antelopes， white-flag dolphins， Chinese alligators， and so on.
2.We can set up nature reserves for the endangered animals.We can pass some laws to punish hunters.
第五步
1.定語　賓語　定語
許多看過這部電影的人開始相信，鯊魚是吃人的有害動物。
2.同位　定語　定語
魚鰭采割活動對《大白鯊》電影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利產(chǎn)生了出乎意料的影響。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①of　②scared　③away/off　④are scared to fail
2.①to　②to　③be published　④Due to your help
3.①down　②in　③up　④to cut out the useless information
4.①are　②work　③stay
④rather than running away from them
5.①at/on　②To hit　③meet/achieve your target
6.①fortune　②a　③am fortunate to have； it is fortunate that； it is fortunate for me to have
7.①towards/to　②protecting
③has/takes/adopts a bad attitude towards/to
重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
1.①Unable to afford the time　②hungry and tired　③Ripe
④Lovely and easy-going　⑤Happy and satisfied
⑥Surprised and happy
2.①don’t agree with everything
②nobody knows the exact date　③Not all programmers
9 / 10(共102張PPT)
Section Ⅰ　
Starting out & Understanding ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
2
文本透析·剖語篇
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預(yù)習(xí)
1
SHARKS： DANGEROUS OR ENDANGERED？
We see a woman swimming at night in a dark sea.Suddenly， she is
pulled underwater①.She surfaces②， cries in fear， then disappears
forever.This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws， [1]showing
a shark attack.It tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills
swimmers.Jaws was a great success， attracting huge audiences and
winning many awards.It strengthened people’s long-held③ idea of the
great white shark as a dangerous animal.
　　[1]動詞-ing短語作定語，可改寫為定語從句which shows a shark
attack。
【讀文清障】
①underwater adv.在水面下
②surface vi.升到水面，浮出水面
③long-held adj.長期持有的
People have always been scared④ of sharks， but Jaws [2]made
things worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great
white shark.[3]Many people who saw the film started to believe that
sharks were bad animals that ate humans.Some people stopped swimming
in the sea， [4]afraid of the horrible creature from the film.Other people
started fishing for sharks， [5]killing as many as they could.At that
time， nobody cared if sharks were killed， or how many were
killed.People just wanted them killed.
　　[2]此處為“make＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，形容詞worse在
此作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
[3]此處who saw the film為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞
Many people；that sharks ...ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作
believe的賓語；賓語從句中的that ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，
修飾先行詞bad animals。
[4]形容詞短語作原因狀語。
[5]動詞-ing短語作狀語，其中as many as they could是
“as ...as ...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“盡可能多的”。
④scare v.使（某人）驚恐，嚇唬
After 1975，the number of large sharks around America fell
quickly， and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to⑤ fear
of sharks， but also finning⑥.Finning is a type of fishing [6]where sharks
are caught and their fins cut off⑦.The sharks are thrown back into the sea
where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin
soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
　　[6]where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞a type of fishing；cut off前
省略了are。
⑤due to 由于，因?yàn)?br/>⑥fin v.切去（魚的）鰭 n.魚鰭
⑦cut off切掉；被隔絕；切斷（供給）；中斷
Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，
[7]the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.In 1980，
Benchley was diving⑧ when he came across an awful sight.It was an area
where fishermen were finning， and the sea floor was covered with dead
sharks.Benchley [8]saw sharks being killed and this caused a deep change
in him.He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than⑨ the
other way round⑩.From that day on， he fought to protect sharks.He
admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.“Sharks
don’t target humans，” he said.[9]Experts have proved that sharks
do not see people as food， and they attack us by mistake .Only around
six people are killed by sharks every year.
　　[7]此處為Peter Benchley的同位語，其中who ...based on 為who
引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞 the man；該定語從句中又包含一個省
略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句the film Jaws was based on，該定語從句修飾
先行詞the book。
[8]此處為“see＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，being killed在此作
賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示正在進(jìn)行的被動動作。
[9]此處為and連接的并列句。第一個分句中包含一個that引導(dǎo)的
賓語從句，作proved的賓語。
⑧dive v.（通常指使用呼吸設(shè)備的）潛水
go diving去潛水
diver n.（通常指有專用裝備的）潛水員
⑨rather than而不是
⑩the other way round相反的情況；顛倒過來，反過來
target v.把……作為目標(biāo)
by mistake 錯誤地，無意中
[近義詞組]by chance 偶然，意外地
[反義詞組]on purpose 故意地；有意地
Fortunately ，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became
afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding
them.Today， as we learn more about sharks， more people than ever
want to protect them from extinction .
fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
[近義]luckily adv.幸運(yùn)地
extinction n.滅絕，絕種
be threatened with
extinction/in danger of
extinction 面臨滅絕的威脅/有滅絕的危險
extinct adj.已滅絕的，絕種的
【參考譯文】
鯊魚：危險動物還是瀕危動物？
我們看到一個女人夜晚在漆黑的海水里游泳。突然，她被什么東
西拖到了水下。她掙扎著露出水面，發(fā)出驚恐的尖叫聲，然后就徹底
消失了。這是1975年上映的電影《大白鯊》的開場畫面，呈現(xiàn)了鯊魚
攻擊人類的一幕。電影講述了一只大白鯊襲擊并殺死游泳者的故事。
電影大獲成功，吸引了大量觀眾并贏得了眾多獎項(xiàng)。這部電影也加深
了人們對大白鯊的固有印象：這是一種危險的動物。
人們本就害怕鯊魚，而電影《大白鯊》加深了這種惡劣印象，讓
人們對鯊魚，特別是大白鯊，心生恐懼。許多看過這部電影的人開始
相信，鯊魚是吃人的有害動物。由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕
生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。而另外一些人則開始無所顧忌地
捕殺鯊魚。當(dāng)時，沒人在意鯊魚是否被殺，也沒人在意殺了多少。人
們認(rèn)為鯊魚死有余辜。
1975年之后，在美國附近海域里，大型鯊魚的數(shù)量迅速下降，這
一趨勢很快蔓延到全球。這不僅僅是因?yàn)槿祟悓︴忯~的恐懼，還因?yàn)?br/>采割魚鰭。采割魚鰭是一種漁獵活動，人們捕到鯊魚后將魚鰭割下，
鯊魚被扔回海中緩慢而痛苦地死去，割下的魚鰭用來做魚翅湯。每年
有數(shù)百萬的鯊魚因此喪命。
魚鰭采割活動對《大白鯊》電影的原著作者——彼得·本奇利產(chǎn)生
了出乎意料的影響。1980年，本奇利正在潛水，這時他看到了可怕的
一幕：漁民們正在這片海域采割鯊魚的魚鰭，海底遍布著鯊魚的尸
體。本奇利親眼目睹鯊魚被殺，這引起了他內(nèi)心的深刻轉(zhuǎn)變。他意識
到人類才是鯊魚的威脅，而鯊魚并非人類的敵人。從那天起，他開始
為保護(hù)鯊魚而努力。他承認(rèn)自己書中對鯊魚行為的描述是不正確的。
“鯊魚并不以人類為攻擊目標(biāo)，”他說。專家們也已經(jīng)證明鯊魚不會
將人類視為食物，它們對人類的攻擊都是無意的。每年因鯊魚攻擊致
死的人數(shù)僅六人左右。
幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊
魚——有些人變得更有興趣去了解它們。時至今日，隨著我們對鯊魚
了解的加深，越來越多的人愿意去保護(hù)它們免遭滅絕。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構(gòu)理清脈絡(luò)
第二步：知細(xì)節(jié)明察秋毫
1. What do we know about the 1975 film Jaws？ （　　）
A. It was a film based on a real story.
B. It made people more scared of sharks.
C. It raised people’s awareness of protecting sharks.
D. It made the great sharks world-famous overnight.
2. What’s most people’s attitude towards sharks after watching Jaws？
（　　）
A. Wanting them killed.
B. Getting their fins.
C. Making delicious food with them.
D. Avoiding watching them in the sea.
3. How did Peter Benchley feel after diving in 1980？ （　　）
A. Sharks shouldn’t see people as food.
B. Sharks ate too many people each year.
C. People were in fact a danger to sharks.
D. Laws should be made to stop people swimming in the sea.
4. How does the author feel about the future of the sharks？（　　）
A. Worried. B. Pessimistic.
C. Unconcerned. D. Optimistic.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the mood.





（1）People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things
worse.It made people frightened of sharks， especially of the great white
shark.
（2）Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws became
afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding them.
第四步：拓思維品質(zhì)提升
1. Are there any endangered animals in your country？ What are they？


2. What can you do to protect them？


Yes.Tibetan antelopes， white-flag dolphins， Chinese alligators，
and so on.
We can set up nature reserves for the endangered animals.We can pass
some laws to punish hunters.
第五步：析難句表達(dá)升級
1. Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad
animals that ate humans.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。 who saw the film為who引導(dǎo)的
從句，修飾先行詞Many people；that sharks ...ate humans為that引
導(dǎo)的 從句，該從句中的that ate humans為that引導(dǎo)的
從句，修飾先行詞bad animals。
自主翻譯

定語　
賓語　
定
語　
許多看過這部電影的人開始相信，鯊魚是吃人的有害
動物。　
2. Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley，the
man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on.
句式分析 本句為復(fù)合句。the man為Peter Benchley的 語，
其中who ...based on 為who引導(dǎo)的 從句，修飾先行詞the
man；該從句中又包含一個省略了關(guān)系詞的 從句the film
Jaws was based on，該從句修飾先行詞the book。
自主翻譯

同位　
定語　
定語　
魚鰭采割活動對《大白鯊》電影的原著作者——彼
得·本奇利產(chǎn)生了出乎意料的影響。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點(diǎn)
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
scare v.使（某人）驚恐，嚇唬
【教材原句】　People have always been scared of sharks， but Jaws
made things worse.
人們本就害怕鯊魚，而電影《大白鯊》加深了這種惡劣印象。
【用法】　　
（1）scare sb away/off 把某人嚇跑/嚇退
scare sb into （doing） sth 威脅/恐嚇某人（做）某事
（2）scared adj. 恐懼的；害怕的
害怕做某事
（be） scared to death 嚇得要死
【佳句】　I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.聽
到那巨大的響聲，我?guī)缀醣粐標(biāo)馈?br/>【聯(lián)想】　表示“害怕”的其他短語還有be frightened of 和be afraid
of。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①At first， John was scared planes， but now， flying to other
countries on business is his main business.
②The frightened look on her face told us the girl was
（scare） to death.
③It was the dog that scared the thief .
of　
scared　
away/off　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④In our whole lives， we always want to follow the path that others
suggest because we .
在我們的一生中，我們總是想遵循別人建議的道路，因?yàn)槲覀兒?br/>怕失敗。
are scared to fail　
due to由于，因?yàn)?br/>【教材原句】　This was not only due to fear of sharks，but also
finning.
這不僅僅是因?yàn)槿祟悓︴忯~的恐懼，還因?yàn)椴筛铘~鰭。
【用法】　　
due adj.　　應(yīng)給予的，應(yīng)支付的，應(yīng)歸還的；預(yù)定的，預(yù)計的，預(yù)
期的
be due to sb 應(yīng)付給某人，應(yīng)給予某人（to為介詞）
be due to do sth 預(yù)計做某事，預(yù)定做某事
【佳句】　Due to these problems， we hope to get your help at your
convenience.
由于這些問題，我們希望在您方便的時候得到您的幫助。
【生義】　My essay is due next Friday and I often work long into the
night.
我的論文下周五要交，我經(jīng)常工作到深夜。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Due her latest discovery， she has been confirmed as one of the
leading female scientists in physics so far.
②Any money that is due you will be paid before the end of the
month.
③The English version of the novel is due to （publish）
next year.
to　
to　
be published　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④ ， my English scores are always on the top of my
class.
由于您的幫助，我的英語成績總是在班里名列前茅。（感謝信）
Due to your help　
cut off切斷；中斷；隔絕
【教材原句】　Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and
their fins cut off.
采割魚鰭是一種漁獵活動，人們捕到鯊魚后將魚鰭割下。
【用法】　　
cut down 削減；刪節(jié)；砍伐
cut out 切去；刪除；停止（做某事）
cut up 切碎；剪碎
cut through 穿過；穿透
cut in （on sb/sth） 打斷（談話）；插嘴
cut across 抄近路；走捷徑
cut back on 削減，縮減
【佳句】　The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy
snow.
由于大雪，這個城鎮(zhèn)與外界隔絕了。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The trees were cut ， which resulted in the area being buried
by sand.
②She kept cutting on our conversation，which made us very
angry.
③Cut the carrots before you put them into the pot.
down　
in　
up　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Don’t hesitate in your passage.
刪掉你文章中那些無用的信息時別猶豫。
to cut out the useless information　
rather than而不是
【教材原句】　He came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather
than the other way round.
他意識到人類才是鯊魚的威脅，而鯊魚并非人類的敵人。
【用法】　　
（1）rather than連接兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，如名詞、代詞、形容詞、動
詞-ing形式、動詞不定式等，所連接的兩個結(jié)構(gòu)的形式應(yīng)保
持一致。
（2）rather than連接兩個動詞不定式時，后一個常省略 to，當(dāng)rather
than 置于句首時，后常跟不帶to的動詞不定式。
（3） rather than連接的兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather
than 前面的結(jié)構(gòu)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
【佳句】　It was the twins rather than their father that were taking the
breakfast upstairs.
送早餐上樓的是這對雙胞胎，而不是他們的父親。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The truth is that the passers-by， rather than the driver，
（be） to blame for the accident.
②He decided to study further rather than （work）.
③Rather than （stay） here， I prefer to leave for another city.
are　
work　
stay　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Facing up to your problems bravely
is the best approach to working things out.
勇敢面對你的問題而不是逃避它們是解決事情的最佳方法。（建
議信）
rather than running away from
them　
target v.把……作為目標(biāo) n.[C] 目標(biāo)；靶；（攻擊的）對象
【教材原句】　“Sharks don’t target humans，” he said.“鯊魚并
不以人類為攻擊目標(biāo)，”他說。
【用法】　　
（1）target ...at/on ... 把……作為……的目標(biāo)，針對……
（2）target group/users 目標(biāo)群體/用戶
set a target 制定目標(biāo)
meet/achieve a target 完成目標(biāo)
hit/miss the target 中靶/脫靶
【佳句】　My target is to prepare myself for getting a degree in biology.
我的目標(biāo)是為取得生物學(xué)學(xué)位做好準(zhǔn)備。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①This TV show about wildlife is mainly targeted the factories
which have been polluting the environment.
② （hit） the target in the forest far from here，you have to
aim at it.
at/on　
To hit　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I am sure you can by practicing every
day.
我相信通過每天練習(xí)你能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的目標(biāo)。
meet/achieve your target　
fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地
【教材原句】　Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws
became afraid of sharks ...
幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊
魚……
【用法】　
（1）fortunate adj. 幸運(yùn)的；吉利的
be fortunate to do/（in） doing sth 做某事很幸運(yùn)
It is fortunate （for sb） to do/that ...（對某人來說）做……是幸運(yùn)的
（2）fortune n. 運(yùn)氣；命運(yùn)；財富，財產(chǎn)
make a fortune 發(fā)財，賺錢
try one’s fortune 碰運(yùn)氣
（3）unfortunate adj. 不幸的
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
【佳句】 I was late， but fortunately the train hadn’t left.
我遲到了，不過幸運(yùn)的是，火車還沒有開走。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When he went abroad to try his （fortunate）， he gained great wealth.
②Last year， he went to Beijing and soon made big fortune.
fortune　
a　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③就我而言，我很幸運(yùn)有這樣一位好老師。
→As far as I’m concerned， I such a good
teacher.
→As fas as I’m concerned， I have such a good
teacher.
→As far as I’m concerned， such a
good teacher.
am fortunate to have　
it is fortunate that　
it is fortunate for me to have　
attitude n.（尤指通過行為表現(xiàn)出的對某事的一般）看法，態(tài)度
【教材原句】　Complete the chart showing how attitudes towards
sharks have changed with words and expressions from the passage.用文章
中的單詞和詞組來完成下面的表格，該表格說明了（人們）對鯊魚態(tài)
度的變化。
【用法】　　
an attitude towards/to ...　　對……的態(tài)度/看法
have/take/adopt a（n） ...attitude towards/to ...對……持……的態(tài)度
an attitude of mind　　心態(tài)
【佳句】　As the saying goes， attitude determines altitude.Nothing is
too difficult if you set your mind to it.
俗話說，態(tài)度決定高度。世上無難事，只怕有心人。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It was his optimistic attitude life and hard work that
finally led him to his success.
②His attitude to （protect） the wild animals is very
firm.
towards/to　
protecting　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③I dislike him because he always
the people around him.
我不喜歡他，因?yàn)樗麑χ車娜丝偸菓B(tài)度不好。
has/takes/adopts a bad attitude
towards/to　
Part Ⅱ　重點(diǎn)句型解構(gòu)
句型公式：形容詞（短語）作狀語
【教材原句】　Some people stopped swimming in the sea， afraid of
the horrible creature from the film.
由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里
游泳了。
【用法】　　
（1）句中afraid of the horrible creature from the film是形容詞短語作原
因狀語，相當(dāng)于because some people were afraid of the horrible
creature from the film。
（2）形容詞（短語）作狀語可以表示方式、原因或伴隨等，用于說
明主語的狀態(tài)等；可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗號將其與
句子其他成分隔開。
【品悟】　Cold， hungry and alone， I looked at the garden，
wondering about my future here.我又冷又餓，孤身一人，望著那
個花園，思索著我在這里的未來。
【點(diǎn)津】　形容詞（短語）作狀語時常用來說明句子主語的特點(diǎn)或處
于某種狀態(tài)，即和主語常可構(gòu)成系表關(guān)系。如果用來修飾句子的謂語
動詞或整個句子，則應(yīng)用副詞作狀語。
I overslept this morning.Luckily， the bus was late and I went to school
on time.
今天早晨我睡過頭了。幸運(yùn)的是，公交車晚點(diǎn)了，我才按時去上學(xué)。
【寫美】　微寫作/句式升級
①由于抽不出時間，我不得不放棄這個計劃。
， I had to give up the plan.
②他回到家里，又餓又累。
He arrived home， .
③這些蘋果成熟時是很甜的。
， these apples are very sweet.
④他性格活潑又隨和，跟所有同學(xué)都相處得很好。
， he gets on well with all of his classmates.
Unable to afford the time　
hungry and tired　
Ripe　
Lovely and easy-going　
⑤She suddenly appeared in front of me and seemed happy and satisfied.
→ ， she suddenly appeared in front of me.（形
容詞短語作狀語）
⑥Mary’s father was surprised and happy， and he began to shout at his
wife and daughter.
→ ， Mary’s father began to shout at his wife
and daughter. （形容詞短語作狀語）
Happy and satisfied　
Surprised and happy　
句型公式：部分否定
【教材原句】　Fortunately， not everyone who watched the film Jaws
became afraid of sharks — some became interested in understanding
them.
幸運(yùn)的是，并非每個看過《大白鯊》這部電影的人都變得害怕鯊魚—
—有些人變得更有興趣去了解它們。
【用法】　　
（1）該句是表示部分否定的句型。not everyone ...＝
everyone ...not ...，意為“并非每個人都……”。
（2）當(dāng)not與all， both， everyone， everybody， everything以及
“every＋名詞”出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中時，不管not在它們之前還
是之后都表示部分否定。
（3） 英語中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no
one，nowhere等表示否定意義的詞與肯定式謂語一起使用構(gòu)成
“全部否定”。
【品悟】　 Not everything is as good as you expect.
并非所有的事情都如你所期望的那樣美好。
【寫美】　微寫作
①我同意你所說的大部分內(nèi)容，也就是說，我并非同意所有內(nèi)容。
I agree with most of what you said， that’s to say， I
.
②會議將在九月份舉行，但沒有人知道確切日期。
The meeting will be held in September， but
.
③不是所有程序員在這個問題上都認(rèn)同我的觀點(diǎn)。
agree with me on this matter.
don’t agree
with everything　
nobody knows the exact
date　
Not all programmers　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. It is best to check the temperature of the water before （潛
水） headfirst.
2. The fast food industry selfishly （把……作為目標(biāo)）
children， making them obese after eating too much high-calorie food.
3. A （鯊魚） is a large sea fish with very sharp teeth and a
pointed fin on its back.
diving　
targets　
shark　
4. She was s to go into the yard because a big dog was in it.
5. Not only setting clear goals but also having a positive a is a
must for anyone who wants to achieve success.
cared　
ttitude　
維度二：詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. The conservation organization aims to preserve the endangered species
from （extinct）.
2. I used to oversleep in the morning. （fortunate），
my roommates always woke me up in time.
3. He was （scare） that his mother would leave him alone at
home in the evening.
extinction　
Fortunately　
scared　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. Tina （把她的寵物狗Lucky看作） her
best friend.Whenever she feels lonely， Lucky is always with her.
2. （由于） people’s hunting， the number of pangolin has
decreased rapidly.
3. Sleeping too little （對我們的
健康有不好的影響），which can make it hard for us to concentrate on
what we’re doing.
sees her pet dog Lucky as　
Due to　
has a bad effect upon/on our health　
4. I agree with most of what my mother said about the plan， but
I （并不完全贊同她）.
5. He， （而不是） his competitor， won the National
Game in the end.
6. I don’t think we can manage it that way； I think it should go
on （相反的情況）.
7. It is reported that over 1，000 sharks （被切去鰭）
last year.
8. Beckham school will （面向） boys and girls of all
levels aged between 8 and 15.
don’t agree with everything　
rather than　
the other way round　
were finned　
be targeted at　
9. When I got home from work， I
（看見爺爺正在花園里干活）.
10. （他正在寫一篇報道這時） his
cousin came to visit him.
saw my grandpa working in the
garden　
He was writing a report when　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　The 1975 film Jaws described a scene where a woman swimming in a
dark sea 1. （attack） by a great white shark and finally
was killed by it， which made people consider the great white shark as
2. dangerous animal.
was attacked　
a　
Some people were afraid of swimming in the sea.To make things
3. （bad）， other people started fishing for sharks，
4. （kill） as many as they could.As a result， the number of
large sharks around America fell quickly.5. （fin） is a type
of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are
thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and 6.
（painful）.Finning kills millions of sharks a year.
worse　
killing　
Finning　
painfully　
In 1980， Peter Benchley， the man 7. wrote the book
the film Jaws was based on， was diving when he came across an awful
sight.The sea floor was covered with dead sharks because of finning.He
came to see people as a danger to sharks， rather than the other way
round.From that day on， he fought 8. （protect）
sharks.9. （expert） have proved that sharks do not see
people as food， and they attack us just by mistake.Only a few people are
killed by sharks every year.
Fortunately， some people began to protect sharks.Today， as we
learn more about sharks， more people than ever want to protect them
10. extinction.
who/that　
to protect　
Experts　
from　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　A compost （堆肥） program at the Wesley School in Los Angeles is
helping kindergarten through eighth grade students to teach them ways to
solve human-driven climate change. For the past year， 5，200 pounds of
food waste from the school has gone into compost containers rather than a
landfill where it would just break down and produce planet-warming
gases.
　　The school workers could have easily thrown the food waste into a
city-provided green bin （垃圾箱）. “But taking it out of sight， which
would have been easier， would have missed the point，” says science
teacher Johnna Hampton. “When it’s invisible like that， they don’t
see it， but they know it doesn’t sink in （心安） .”
　　When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile， it sank in.
“That’s my orange chicken in there，” he says. “That’s not just
like any food. Somewhere in there is my food.”
　　The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will
be offered to families that want to use it at home， and whatever is left
will be donated.
　　Fifth grader Sloan felt so encouraged by the school’s compost
program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with
several other fifth graders， Sloan says， “We did a lemonade stand at
our friend’s house and we made over $200， and we donated it.” They
also helped create a petition （請愿） to replace the plastic forks and
spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.
　　Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help
grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something
that helps these planet， instead of just sitting and watching it get
destroyed，” he says.
　　Jennifer Silverstein， an expert on climate， says the school’s
compost program checks a lot of these boxes for effective， positive
climate education to help youth understand the crisis of human-caused
climate change.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了洛杉磯衛(wèi)斯理學(xué)
校的一個堆肥項(xiàng)目正在幫助從幼兒園到八年級的學(xué)生，教授他們解
決人為造成的氣候變化的方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了洛杉磯衛(wèi)斯理學(xué)
校的一個堆肥項(xiàng)目正在幫助從幼兒園到八年級的學(xué)生，教授他們解
決人為造成的氣候變化的方法。
1. What is the purpose of the compost program？（　　）
A. To prevent wasting food.
B. To deal with climate change.
C. To raise money for the school.
D. To keep friendship among kids.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，堆肥計劃的目的
是教會學(xué)生們應(yīng)對氣候變化。
2. How did the school deal with the food waste before？（　　）
A. By selling to families as compost.
B. By putting into compost containers.
C. By turning into new food again.
D. By throwing into dustbins.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，以前學(xué)校處理食
物垃圾的辦法就是丟進(jìn)城市提供的綠色垃圾桶里。
3. How has the program affected Sloan？（　　）
A. She has taken climate action.
B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has got a part-time job in the school.
D. She has developed a new way to donate.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句可知，Sloan決定在校外
采取行動來應(yīng)對氣候變化。
4. What can we learn about the program from the last two paragraphs？
（　　）
A. It is well received.
B. It is highly profitable.
C. It needs to be more effective.
D. It takes time to watch the result.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，學(xué)校的學(xué)生和氣候?qū)?br/>家都認(rèn)為這個項(xiàng)目非常好，能夠幫助年輕人了解人類造成的氣候變
化危機(jī)以及采取自己力所能及的行動來應(yīng)對氣候變化。由此可推
知，這個項(xiàng)目很受歡迎。
B
　　In the past few weeks， Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in
the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017， the former
Manchester United footballer set up Earth.Food.Love in Tones，
Devon， with his wife， Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste”
store — the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own
containers. “A lot of new people are coming in — people who have not
necessarily been interested in environmental issues before，” he says.
　　Recently， the government called for supermarkets to introduce
plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already
way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar
stores in Wales， Birmingham， and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a
similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year， which
has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
　　Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in
the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series
and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment.
But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic
waste. Sian Sutherland， founder of the movement “A Plastic
Planet”， says， “The most exciting thing is that politicians and
industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem.
Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the
only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where
everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic.
Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
　　Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one
million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute， and
most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap
water around the world also contains plastic.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章以沒有塑料袋的商店Earth.
Food. Love為例，說明了政府和個人都在關(guān)注塑料污染問題，提倡
減少使用塑料。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章以沒有塑料袋的商店Earth.
Food. Love為例，說明了政府和個人都在關(guān)注塑料污染問題，提倡
減少使用塑料。
5. What is special about Earth. Food. Love？（　　）
A. It gives away boxes of food.
B. It is a store without plastic bags.
C. It has few new customers.
D. It is the UK’s first supermarket.
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的It’s the UK’s first ...
their own containers.可知，Earth. Food. Love的特別之處在于它是
一家沒有塑料袋的商店。
6. What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place？
（　　）
A. Its popularity. B. Its products.
C. Its profits. D. Its similarity.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，這家店的受歡
迎程度讓卡爾迪羅尼的店搬到了一個更大的地方。
7. What does the underlined word “contamination” in the last paragraph
mean？（　　）
A. Pollution. B. Acceptance.
C. Influence. D. Application.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上下文可知，塑料污染范圍如
此之廣，以至于世界各地的自來水也含有塑料。故畫線詞意為“污
染”。
8. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B. Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental
concerns.
C. A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the
whole UK.
D. Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and
pollution prevention.
解析： 　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章以沒有塑料袋的商店
Earth. Food. Love為例，說明了政府和個人都在關(guān)注塑料污染問
題，提倡減少使用塑料。由此可知，本文的主要內(nèi)容是反塑料運(yùn)動
的興起以及對環(huán)境問題的日益關(guān)注。
C
　　Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Dali City，
Yunnan Province.It’s a famous attraction， as well as Dali’s main
source of drinking water.
　　The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of
tourism and the local economy.In 2019， the local authorities began to
build environmental protection system for the lake — the Erhai Lake
Ecological Corridor — to protect it from being polluted and to restore its
natural ecosystem.
　　The project contains five parts： a 129-km road encircling the entire
lake， a pipe system to stop wastewater flowing into the lake， the
relocation of 1，806 households who lived within the protection area of
the lake， the restoration of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem， and the
construction of experimental fields for wetland-restoration research.
　　By the end of 2020， the road encircling the lake had been basically
completed.A 12-km section of the corridor has been open to the public for
free since September 2020 for a test operation.The project， which is a
public-private partnership， has a total investment of 9.8 billion
yuan.Local authorities of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture and Dali City
are the main source of public funds.The corridor is described as a “pearl
necklace” surrounding the lake， with the villages located along the
shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”.These villages will benefit from
the project economically， as they will be linked and gain access to
enhanced transportation and tourism around the lake.
　　According to staff members of the project， the lake’s water
quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the
corridor.More migratory birds （候鳥） fly to the lake and there is less
algae （海藻） in the water.It also provides a good place to exercise and
go sightseeing for both the city’s residents and tourists.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了洱海生態(tài)廊道工
程。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了洱海生態(tài)廊道工
程。
9. Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built？（　　）
A. To treat wastewater.
B. To protect wildlife.
C. To attract more tourists.
D. To preserve local ecology.
解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，建立洱海生態(tài)廊
道的目的是保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)。
10. Which of the following is involved in the project？（　　）
A. Removing wastewater from Erhai Lake.
B. Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
C. Conducting research into wetland restoration.
D. Promoting construction in the protection area.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，開展?jié)竦鼗謴?fù)研
究包含在該項(xiàng)目中。
11. What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 4？（　　）
A. They focus on the pearl industry.
B. They provide tourism opportunities.
C. They bring benefits to the Erhai Lake.
D. They profit from the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知，“珍珠”指
的是洱海沿岸的村莊，這些村莊因該項(xiàng)目獲得了更好的交通條件
以及發(fā)展旅游業(yè)的機(jī)會，因此這些村莊受益于該項(xiàng)目。
12. What do staff members think of the project？（　　）
A. It needs improving.
B. It works unexpectedly.
C. It turns out to be good.
D. It has advantages and disadvantages.
解析： 　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，在廊道的建設(shè)過程
中，洱海的水質(zhì)及生態(tài)都有了改善，同時，廊道也成為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?br/>以及外地游客進(jìn)行鍛煉、觀光的好去處。由此推知，工作人員認(rèn)
為該項(xiàng)目被證明很好。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
Used clothing that you no longer wear can be donated to charities.
And clothing with broken zippers or missing buttons can be repaired and
worn again. But what do you do when your favorite shirt is too torn to
wear or your socks have too many holes？
　　Every year in the UK， 336，000 tons of unwanted old clothing and
shoes are thrown out and sent to landfills， according to Recycle Now.
13.（　　） So， instead of throwing away these old clothes， try one of
these eco-friendly ways to give them a second chance.
　　One of the best ways to deal with unwanted clothing is to make it into
something completely different. You can use pieces of old cloth as filling
for pillows.14.（　　）
　　Another very good way to reuse old textiles （紡織品） made of
cotton like T-shirts is to cut the clothing up and use it as cleaning cloths
around your home.15.（　　） And they are greener than using
microfiber cleaning towels that drop fibers when washed.
　　Besides， animal shelters are always looking for used towels and
blankets to keep their animals warm. 16.（　　） And while you are
throwing away your textiles， remember that shelters could use donations
of unopened pet food and things too.
　　17. （　　） Green Life is one of them. For a small fee， Green
Life will ship you a bag that can be filled with up to 25 pounds of used
clothing and sent to the company for reuse. When the bag is received，
the sender receives a small amount of money to be used on the
company’s website. Everything Green Life sells is made of recycled
fibers.
A. You can bring your clothing to Green Life.
B. Or you can turn something you like into a doll.
C. So you can donate your unwanted clothing to such places.
D. Some clothing companies have their own recycling services.
E. The cleaning cloths can be washed and reused， unlike paper towels.
F. Check to see whether certain items you are throwing out can be
donated.
G. This leads to greenhouse gases and allows chemicals to get into the
soil.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些對于舊衣服和鞋子
的環(huán)保處理方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些對于舊衣服和鞋子
的環(huán)保處理方法。
13. G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，在英國，每年有336，000噸不想要的舊
衣服和鞋子被扔掉并送往垃圾填埋場。G項(xiàng)（這會導(dǎo)致溫室氣體，并
允許化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入土壤）符合語境。
14. B　空前一句說明了舊布的用途。B項(xiàng)（或者你可以把你喜歡的東
西變成一個洋娃娃）符合語境。
15. E　空前一句講述了舊衣服做清潔布的好處。E項(xiàng)（與紙巾不同，
清潔布可以清洗和重復(fù)使用）符合語境。
16. C　空前一句講述了舊毛巾和毯子在動物收容所中的用處。C項(xiàng)
（所以你可以把你不需要的衣服捐給這些地方）符合語境。
17. D　根據(jù)下文可知，Green Life是一家回收服務(wù)公司。D項(xiàng)（一些
服裝公司有自己的回收服務(wù)）符合語境，與下文為例證關(guān)系。
謝謝觀看！

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