資源簡介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎題型練
品句填詞
1.What we should remember is that our 　　　　　（義務） is to serve the people heart and soul.
2.We must 　　　　　　（確保） that all patients have access to high-quality care.
3.Some speakers argued that 　　　　　　（拳擊） was less dangerous than rugby.
4.I didn’t mean to break the window — it was an 　　　　　　（意外事件）.
5.Concern for the environment is at the 　　　　　　（核心） of our policies.
6.The house was small and dark inside so it took a long time for our eyes to 　　　　　　（適應）.
7.We 　　　　　　（原諒） his bad temper because we knew that his son’s illness had put him under great stress.
8.To her e　　　　　　， she couldn’t remember his name when she met an old friend in the street.
9.She’s always c　　　　　　 her friends for being selfish.
10.The headteacher was a　　　　　　 to find some teenagers smoking after school.
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　， the city looks like a beautiful garden.
從山上看，這個城市就像一個美麗的花園。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
當被問到對他的教學工作的觀點時，菲利普說他覺得既有趣又有意義。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， John didn’t notice evening approaching.
約翰全神貫注于這道難題，沒有注意到夜幕降臨了。
4.My uncle came to our New Year party， 　　　　　　　　　as Donald Duck.
我叔叔來參加我們的新年晚會，打扮成唐老鴨的樣子。
5.　　　　　　　　　　　　， the papers were handed out.
被老師批改完后，試卷被分發下去。
6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the worker took a day’s leave.
得到經理的允許，這個工人休了一天的假。
7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， my flat is comfortable to live in.
我的公寓裝飾了新家具和壁紙，住起來很舒服。
8.　　　　　　　　　　　　， he said， “It was like seeing colour for the first time.”
被這段音樂打動了，他說：“那種感覺就如同第一次看見色彩一樣。”
9.The boy started as if 　　　　　　　　　　　.
這個男孩猛地一驚，好像從夢中驚醒了似的。
10.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the old man felt happy.
身邊圍著一群年輕人，老人感到很高興。
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　The newly designed robot can aid people with physical tasks and many other social services.For example， 1.　　　　　　 （give） a certain instruction， a service robot can help move objects from one place to another within a house.It can also help the person to contact his or her doctor or give the person daily reminders.2.　　　　　　 （employ） by families with children， a service robot can make the time parents spend doing household chores 3.　　　　　　 （reduce）.It might also make parents less worried， because they know that glassware， for example， won’t possibly be broken by children when 4.　　　　　　 （collect） by a service robot.
　　5.　　　　　　 （design） with such functions， service robots are gaining wide popularity in the world.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意識地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon （變色龍） effect at play.
　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before， like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20% and their foot movement by 50% while in conversation about a photograph with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of connection.
　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some chameleons for yourself.
1.Why do people acquire others’ behavior？（　　）
A.To match the environment’s colours. B.To attract others’ attention.
C.To establish a connection with others. D.To adapt to the surroundings.
2.How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious behaviour？（　　）
A.By directing their attention to a photo.
B.By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C.By telling them the purpose of the study.
D.By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
3.What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　）
A.Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B.People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C.People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D.The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
4.Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the passage？（　　）
A.A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B.Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C.People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D.A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
B
　　Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you would like to. Sometimes， your neighbours make noise that you are not comfortable with.
　　The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbour first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbour if he knows how thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn’t criticise （批評） his behaviour； it simply points out that he may not realise how far his sound travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well， but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the problem right away， but sometimes the neighbour may become angry.
　　If your neighbour becomes angry with you， there are some more steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighbourhood committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your neighbour is out of line. Some noise is considered to be reasonable， even if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs （耳塞）.
　　Even if your neighbour makes too much noise， you don’t have to live your life in discomfort. It’s always a good idea to be friendly with your neighbours. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He’s sure to appreciate behaviour like this and be more open to your suggestions about the noise level.
5.What is the first step to deal with the noisy neighbour？（　　）
A.To buy a good pair of earplugs.
B.To offer suggestions to the neighbour.
C.To ask the neighbourhood committee for help.
D.To tell the neighbour how bad his behaviour is.
6.What does the underlined word “reasonable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（　　）
A.Terrible.　　　　 B.Loud.
C.Proper.　 D.Useful.
7.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（　　）
A.You should control your noise as well.
B.You can live comfortably even if there is noise.
C.Your neighbour may be more friendly than you think.
D.You should offer some suggestions to your neighbour.
8.What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？ （　　）
A.To tell us why we should get on well with neighbours.
B.To tell us how to relax ourselves in modern society.
C.To tell us how to become known among neighbours.
D.To tell us what we should do with our noisy neighbours.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　The first day of school our primary Mrs Miller introduced herself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.I stood up to 　9　 around when a pretty girl came into my sight.She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.”
　　After class we became 　10　 friends.Every day for the next 8 years we studied together and talked nonstop.We were 　11　 to our classmates， and everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely see the other.
9.（　）A.expect　　 B.show
C.look　 D.come
10.（　）A.instant　 B.old
C.strange　 D.false
11.（　）A.inseparable B.competitive
C.independent D.indifferent
　　But when we started high school， things began to change.Katie 　12　 the cheerleading team and started hanging out with a new group of friends.But I joined the robotics club， and spent most of my time 　13　 with machines and coding.We still saw each other at school， but our schedules became 　14　 and we had less time to hang out.
　　One day， Katie told me she’d been having a 　15　 time with her cheerleading coach.Her coach had been criticizing her 　16　 and telling her that she wasn’t good enough.She wanted to give it up.
　　Katie’s words reminded me of a time when I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to function 　17　.As I felt like giving up， Katie said to me， “I know you dream of being a robotics engineer.When you 　18　 your dream， you die.You can do anything if you put your mind to it.” It was my turn to help her out.I told her that she was an amazing 　19　， and that she could overcome any obstacle with hard work and 　20　.
　　After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.She didn’t get the role， but she was 　21　 of herself for trying.
　　Years later， Katie and I were still best friends.We realized that while our new friends were fun， they didn’t 　22　 us the way we did.We pursued different paths， but we helped each other believe in ourselves， and showed each other the power of 　23　， determination， and support.
12.（　）A.observed　 B.led
C.joined　 D.moved
13.（　）A.comparing　 B.tinkering
C.fighting　 D.bargaining
14.（　）A.busier　 B.lazier
C.smarter　 D.shorter
15.（　）A.careful　 B.tough
C.sensible　 D.ridiculous
16.（　）A.endings　 B.songs
C.grades　 D.moves
17.（　）A.properly　 B.tightly
C.perfectly　 D.beautifully
18.（　）A.shake　 B.believe
C.express　 D.lose
19.（　）A.dreamer　 B.dancer
C.cheerleader　 D.friend
20.（　）A.determination　 B.regret
C.excitement　 D.satisfaction
21.（　）A.delightful　 B.proud
C.optimistic　 D.thankful
22.（　）A.hope　 B.promise
C.support　 D.teach
23.（　）A.confidence　 B.kindness
C.generosity　 D.friendship
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Would you like 24.　　　　　　 （get） in touch with your friends？ Do you send a text 25.　　　　　　 make a phone call？ A new study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology suggests that you 26.　　　　　　 （call） instead of 27.　　　　　　 （send） a text.Calling makes you feel more connected with your friends.
　　Scientists asked 200 people to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone.Many people 28.　　　　　　 （think） that a phone call would be more awkward.But 29.　　　　　　 （actual）， hearing someone’s voice made the experience 30.　　　　　　 （good）.
　　According to the study， people like to text because they can have more control.They can think about their message before they send it， and they won’t be cut off or interrupted while messaging.
But 31.　　　　　　 the other hand， texting can make 32.　　　　　　 hard to understand the true meaning of a conversation.Making a phone call is more natural.You don’t need to overthink the possible meanings behind the words and punctuation 33.　　　　　　 can be used in a text.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.duty　2.ensure　3.boxing　4.accident　5.core　6.adjust
7.forgave　8.embarrassment　9.criticising　10.annoyed
維度二
1.Seen from the hill
2.When asked for his views about his teaching job
3. Absorbed in the tough question
4.dressed up
5.Corrected by the teacher
6.Permitted by his manager
7.Decorated with new furniture and wallpaper
8.Moved by this music
9.awakened from a dream
10.Surrounded by a group of young people
維度三
1.given　2.Employed　3.reduced　4.collected　5.Designed
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
1.C　細節理解題。根據第二段中的people acquire the behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth可知，人們為了與他人建立聯系，會習得他人的行為。
2.A　細節理解題。根據第四段中的The individuals weren’t aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.可知，實驗者用一張照片吸引參與者的注意力來保證他們的無意識行為。
3.B　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings about them.可推斷出，實驗表明人們傾向于那些喜歡模仿自己行為的人。
4.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段中變色龍效應的定義可知，隨著時間的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行為是變色龍效應，這是因為他們經常在一起相處，會無意識地互相模仿。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在現代社會中與鄰居相處時可能遇到的噪音問題，并提出了解決這一問題的方法。
5.B　細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，應對吵鬧的鄰居的第一步是禮貌地和他們交談，委婉地給他們提出建議。
6.C　詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句中even if引導讓步狀語從句，表明主從句之間的轉折關系，結合下文建議自己戴耳塞可推知，即使有些聲音打擾了你，但它們是“合理的”。所以reasonable與proper同義，意為“合理的”。
7.B　段落大意題。根據最后一段第一句可知，即使有噪音，你也可以舒適地生活。
8.D　寫作目的題。通讀全文，結合第二、三段內容可知，本文的主要目的是告訴讀者應該如何處理與吵鬧鄰居之間的關系，以維護良好的居住環境。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者回憶自己與好友相互鼓勵、相互支持的故事。
9.C　根據下文when a pretty girl came into my sight可知，此處指的是作者環顧四周，看到一個漂亮的女孩。“環顧四周”應為look around。
10.A　根據上文She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.”可知，這是兩個人初次見面，結合空前的After class可知，作者和Katie立刻成了朋友。
11.A　根據下文everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely see the other可知，此處指的是作者和Katie形影不離。
12.C　根據下文But I joined the robotics club可知，作者加入了機器人俱樂部，而Katie加入了拉拉隊。
13.B　機器人俱樂部應該是每天都在修補機器和編程。
14.A　根據下文we had less time to hang out可知，作者和Katie沒時間閑逛了。由此可知，她們兩個都很忙。
15.B　根據下文Her coach had been criticizing her可知，教練總批評Katie，所以她與教練關系不好。tough意為“困難的”，符合語境。
16.D　根據上文Katie加入了拉拉隊可知，教練的批評應該是與動作相關。
17.A　根據上文I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to function可知，作者在修理機器人時遇到了麻煩。由此可知，此處指的是不能使機器人正常地運行。
18.D　此處指的是失去夢想，你就死了。
19.C　Katie加入的是拉拉隊，所以此處指的是拉拉隊隊員。
20.A　根據上文that she could overcome any obstacle with hard work可知，此處與hard work并列，且結合語境可知，克服障礙需要的是努力和決心。
21.B　根據上文After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.可知，Katie雖然沒有成為隊長，但自己努力過，所以此處指的是為此感到自豪。
22.C　根據下文but we helped each other believe in ourselves可知，作者和Katie幫助彼此相信自己，所以此處指的是支持。
23.D　作者與Katie相識多年，相互支持，這是本文的中心主題，所以此處指的是友誼的力量。
Ⅲ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究，建議人們和朋友聯系時應該打電話而不是發短信。
24.to get　考查非謂語動詞。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to get。
25.or　考查連詞。send a text和make a phone call之間為選擇關系。故填or。
26.（should） call　考查虛擬語氣。suggest作“建議”講時，其后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“（should＋）動詞原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。故填（should） call。
27.sending　考查非謂語動詞。根據空前的instead of可知，此處要用動詞-ing形式作賓語。故填sending。
28.thought　考查動詞的時態。結合上文的asked可知，此處要用一般過去時。故填thought。
29.actually　考查詞形轉換。分析句子可知，此處修飾整個句子，應用副詞。故填actually。
30.better　考查形容詞的比較級。根據上文a phone call would be more awkward可知，此處表示“聽到某人的聲音會使和朋友聯系的體驗更好”，暗含比較，應用比較級。故填better。
31.on　考查介詞。on the other hand“另一方面”。故填on。
32.it　考查代詞。make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth為固定結構，it為形式賓語，真正的賓語為動詞不定式短語to understand the true meaning of a conversation。故填it。
33.that/which　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞為the words and punctuation，指物，定語從句中缺少主語，所以用that或which引導定語從句。故填that或which。
5 / 5Section Ⅱ　Using language
過去分詞（短語）作狀語
①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
②Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt ...
③Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
④Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight.
⑤Followed by his wolf-dog， the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
⑥He was found lying on the ground， his hands tied.
【我的發現】
1.句①－⑤中的過去分詞分別在句中作　　　　狀語、　　　　狀語、　　　　狀語、　　　　狀語和　　　　狀語。
2.過去分詞表示　　　　或　　　　　　的動作。作狀語時，可以　　　　使用，如句①、句②、句③和句⑤；也可以在其前面加上適當的　　　　，如句④。
3.過去分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語　　　　　　，如果不一致，我們常在過去分詞前加上其邏輯主語，構成　　　　　　　　，如句⑥。
一、過去分詞（短語）作狀語的用法
1.過去分詞（短語）作狀語的類型
過去分詞（短語）表示被動，表示動作已經完成，其邏輯主語往往為句子的主語。過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，可單獨使用，也可以在其前面加上適當的連詞，可表示原因、條件、讓步、時間、方式、伴隨等。過去分詞作方式狀語或伴隨狀語時可以變為并列分句，作其他狀語時可以變為相應的狀語從句。
狀語類型 例句
原因狀語 Encouraged by his teacher， the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher， he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老師的鼓舞，這個淘氣的男孩開始集中精力聽課了。
條件狀語 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time， we could help the injured man out. 如果多給我們點時間，我們會幫這位傷員擺脫困境。
讓步狀語 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although he was wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. 盡管受傷嚴重，那位勇敢的戰士也未發出痛苦的叫聲。
時間狀語 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After they were discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. 多次討論之后，這些問題終于被解決了。
方式狀語 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 這位老人在兒子的攙扶下走進了房間。
伴隨狀語 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吳太太上氣不接下氣地沖了進來，她的女兒緊跟其后。
2.過去分詞（短語）作狀語的位置
過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，通常放在句首或句末，有時也可放在句中，常用逗號與句子其他部分隔開。
He stood there silently， moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears， he stood there silently.
他靜靜地站在那里，被感動地熱淚盈眶。
【即時演練1】　寫出下列句中黑體部分所充當的狀語類型
①Clearly and thoughtfully written， the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. 　　　　　
②Time， used correctly， is money in the bank.　　　　　
③Seated at the table， his father and he were talking about his job. 　　　　　
④When given a medical examination， you should keep calm. 　　　　　
二、過去分詞（短語）作狀語的注意事項
1.過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，有時為了強調，前面可帶有連詞，如： when， while， if， though， as if， unless等，構成“連詞＋過去分詞”結構，以使句意表達得更清楚。
Unless constantly repeated， the English words are easily forgotten.這些英語單詞很容易忘記，除非不斷地重復（記憶）。
When asked why she came here， the girl kept silent.
當被問到為何來這兒時，那個女孩保持沉默。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
他開始大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。
2.過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，否則需加上自己的主語構成獨立主格結構。
Employed in reading， he didn’t notice me come in.他專心讀書，沒有注意到我進來。
He was listening attentively in class， his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他課上專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。（his eyes fixed on the blackboard為獨立主格結構，fix的邏輯主語是his eyes）
3.有些形容詞化的過去分詞，作狀語時不強調被動而重在描述主語的狀態。這樣的過去分詞（短語）常見的有lost（迷失的），seated （坐下來的），hidden （隱藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），dressed in （穿著），tired of （厭煩）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。
【即時演練2】　補全句子
①　　　　　　　　　　　　， the scientist didn’t give up.
盡管再次被打敗了，但這位科學家并沒有放棄。
②Children， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　， are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子們由他們的父母陪同時才可以進入這個體育場。
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he couldn’t fall asleep.
由于擔心兒子的安全，他難以入眠。
④　　　　　　　　　　　　， the bus started at once.
信號一發出，公共汽車就立刻開動了。
三、過去分詞與現在分詞作狀語的區別
過去分詞作狀語 過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，即表示被動 過去分詞所表示的動作往往發生于謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，或表示“一種狀態”，與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生或存在
現在分詞作狀語 現在分詞所表示的動作與句子的主語之間是邏輯上的主謂關系，即表示主動 現在分詞的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生或幾乎同時發生；現在分詞的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前
Seen from the top of the tower， our city looks more beautiful.
從塔頂上看，我們的城市看起來更漂亮。（主語our city和see之間是被動關系）
Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our city.
從塔頂我們可以飽覽城市的美景。（主語we和see之間是主動關系）
名師點津
過去分詞與現在分詞的完成被動式（having been done）作狀語時，都具有被動意義，有時可以互換，但是having been done結構強調動作先于句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作。
Examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
＝Having been examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
仔細檢查之后，那個病人被送進了手術室。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空
①　　　　　　 （hesitate） over whether to leave or not， the child stayed where he was.
②　　　　　　 （inspire） by his words， they have decided to try their best to achieve what they want.
③Through his whole life， Charles Dickens created a sea of literary works， 　　　　　　（reveal） a wide range of social issues in Great Britain in the 19th century.
annoyed adj.惱怒的，煩惱的
【教材原句】　Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional development， Sadness feels annoyed.
由于無法在萊利的情感發展過程中起主導作用，悲傷感到很煩惱。
【用法】　
（1）be annoyed with sb　　　 對某人生氣 be annoyed at/about sth　　因某事而生氣 be annoyed to do/that ...　　因為……而生氣 （2）annoy vt.　　 　使惱怒；打擾 annoying adj.　　令人惱怒的，令人煩惱的 （3）annoyance n.　　煩惱；令人煩惱的事；打擾 to one’s annoyance 令某人生氣的是
【佳句】　She was annoyed at/about being disturbed in the middle of the night.
她因半夜被打擾感到很惱火。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The news was so 　　　　　　（annoy） that it ruined my whole day.
②He was annoyed 　　　　　　　　（learn） that the train would be delayed.
③Meg was annoyed 　　　　　　me because I forgot to stop and buy bread on my way home.
【寫美】　補全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　， he found his friend hadn’t waited for him.
讓他生氣的是，他發現他的朋友沒有等他。
adjust v.適應，（使）習慣；調整
【教材原句】　When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
當萊利搬到一個新城市時，她很難適應新環境。
【用法】　
（1）adjust ...to ...　　 調整……以適應…… adjust to （doing） sth　　適應于（做）某事 adjust oneself to　　使自己適應于…… （2）adjustment n.　　調整；調節；適應 make adjustments/an adjustment to 　　對……作出調整 （3）adjustable adj.　　可調節的 an adjustable chair　　一把可調節的椅子
【佳句】　This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.
這種桌子可以根據你的需要調節高度。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy 　　　　　　（adjust）， high status has just the opposite effect on us.
②When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to 　　　　　　（live） on his own.
【寫美】　補全句子
③You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way， you can 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in Beijing soon.
你最好在來之前學習一些基本的漢語，那樣你就能很快地適應北京的生活。（建議信）
by accident 偶然，意外地
【教材原句】　Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.悲傷想盡自己的責任，但卻意外地讓萊莉的快樂核心記憶喪失。
【用法】　
by chance＝accidentally　　偶然，意外地 by design＝on purpose　　有意地，故意地 by mistake　　錯誤地
【佳句】　What you should remember is that success in your life doesn’t happen by accident； it’s actually the result of your hard work.
你應該記住：你人生中的成功不是偶然發生的，它實際上是你努力的結果。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends 　　　　　　accident but I’m sure you don’t hurt them 　　　　　　purpose.
②Our English teacher 　　　　　　（accident） found the headmaster attending her lecture.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I took someone else’s bag 　　　　　　　　at the station yesterday.
昨天在車站我誤拿了別人的包。
forgive v.原諒，寬恕
【教材原句】　Try to forgive someone when they apologise.當別人道歉時，試著原諒他們。
【用法】　
（1）forgive sb sth　 　　 　　寬恕某人某事 forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原諒某人（做）某事 forgive one’s doing sth　　原諒某人做某事 forgive and forget　　不念舊惡；不記仇 （2）forgiveness n.　　原諒
【佳句】　We forgave him for his rudeness as he was so young.因為他如此年輕，我們原諒了他的無禮。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Forgive my 　　　　　（interrupt）， but I really don’t agree with you.
②The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her mother’s 　　　　　（forgive）.
【寫美】　補全句子
③It is a virtue to 　　　　　　　　　.
不記仇是一種美德。
embarrassment n.尷尬，難為情
【教材原句】　It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of others.This can cause embarrassment.
當著別人的面批評人是不對的。這會引起尷尬。
【用法】　
（1）to one’s embarrassment令某人尷尬的是 （2）embarrass v.　　使尷尬 （3）embarrassed adj.　　尷尬的；陷入困境的 be embarrassed about/at ... 　　對……感到難為情 be embarrassed to do sth 　　對做某事感到尷尬 （4）embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬的；使人難堪的
【佳句】　We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people who are sensitive about what others say to avoid embarrassment.
我們應該學會以一種更友善的方式與那些對別人說的話很敏感的人交流，以避免尷尬。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As he entered the room， all the people became silent， which made him very 　　　　　　　　（embarrass）.
②His sudden appearance made me in an 　　　　　　　　（embarrass） situation.
③Her face turned red with 　　　　　　　　（embarrass） when I asked when she would marry.
【寫美】　補全句子
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　， she couldn’t understand the instructions on the bottle.
令她尷尬的是，她不能理解瓶子上的說明。
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語法·要攻克】
我的發現
1.原因　條件　時間　讓步　方式
2.被動　已經完成　單獨　連詞
3.保持一致　獨立主格結構
即時演練1
①原因狀語　②條件狀語　③方式狀語　④時間狀語
即時演練2
①Although defeated again　②when accompanied by their parents　③Concerned about his son’s safety
④The signal given
即時演練3
①Hesitating　②Inspired　③revealing
【知識要點·須拾遺】
1.①annoying　②to learn　③with　④To his annoyance
2.①adjustment　②living　③adjust yourself to the life
3.①by； on　②accidentally　③by mistake
4.①interrupting　②forgiveness　③forgive and forget
5.①embarrassed　②embarrassing　③embarrassment
④To her embarrassment
6 / 6(共87張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時檢測·提能力
2
知識要點·須拾遺
重難語法·要攻克
掌握核心語法
1
過去分詞（短語）作狀語
①Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything.
②Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt ...
③Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
④Although wounded all over， the brave soldiers continued to fight.
⑤Followed by his wolf-dog， the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
⑥He was found lying on the ground， his hands tied.
【我的發現】
1. 句①－⑤中的過去分詞分別在句中作 狀語、 狀
語、 狀語、 狀語和 狀語。
2. 過去分詞表示 或 的動作。作狀語時，可
以 使用，如句①、句②、句③和句⑤；也可以在其前面加
上適當的 ，如句④。
3. 過去分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語 ，如果不一
致，我們常在過去分詞前加上其邏輯主語，構成
，如句⑥。
原因　
條件　
時間　
讓步　
方式　
被動　
已經完成　
單獨　
連詞　
保持一致　
獨立主格結
構　
一、過去分詞（短語）作狀語的用法
1. 過去分詞（短語）作狀語的類型
過去分詞（短語）表示被動，表示動作已經完成，其邏輯主語往往
為句子的主語。過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，可單獨使用，也可以
在其前面加上適當的連詞，可表示原因、條件、讓步、時間、方
式、伴隨等。過去分詞作方式狀語或伴隨狀語時可以變為并列分
句，作其他狀語時可以變為相應的狀語從句。
狀語類型 例句
原因狀語 Encouraged by his teacher， the naughty boy began to
concentrate on class.
→As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher， he
began to concentrate on class.
由于受到老師的鼓舞，這個淘氣的男孩開始集中精力聽課
了。
狀語類型 例句
條件狀語 Given more time，we could help the injured man out.
→If we were given more time， we could help the injured
man out.
如果多給我們點時間，我們會幫這位傷員擺脫困境。
讓步狀語 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams
of pain.
→Although he was wounded seriously，the brave soldier
didn’t let out screams of pain.
盡管受傷嚴重，那位勇敢的戰士也未發出痛苦的叫聲。
狀語類型 例句
時間狀語 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last.
→After they were discussed many times，the problems were
settled at last.
多次討論之后，這些問題終于被解決了。
方式狀語 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son.
→The old man walked into the room and was supported by his
son.
這位老人在兒子的攙扶下走進了房間。
狀語類型 例句
伴隨狀語 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter.
→Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her
daughter.
吳太太上氣不接下氣地沖了進來，她的女兒緊跟其后。
2. 過去分詞（短語）作狀語的位置
過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，通常放在句首或句末，有時也可放在
句中，常用逗號與句子其他部分隔開。
He stood there silently， moved to tears.
＝Moved to tears， he stood there silently.
他靜靜地站在那里，被感動地熱淚盈眶。
【即時演練1】　寫出下列句中藍體部分所充當的狀語類型
①Clearly and thoughtfully written， the book inspires confidence in
students who wish to seek their own answers.
②Time， used correctly， is money in the bank.
③Seated at the table， his father and he were talking about his job.

④When given a medical examination， you should keep calm.

原因狀語　
條件狀語　
方式狀語　
時間狀語　
二、過去分詞（短語）作狀語的注意事項
1. 過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，有時為了強調，前面可帶有連詞，
如： when， while， if， though， as if， unless等，構成“連詞＋
過去分詞”結構，以使句意表達得更清楚。
Unless constantly repeated， the English words are easily forgotten.
這些英語單詞很容易忘記，除非不斷地重復（記憶）。
When asked why she came here， the girl kept silent.
當被問到為何來這兒時，那個女孩保持沉默。
He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.
他開始大叫起來，好像被蛇咬了。
2. 過去分詞（短語）作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一
致，否則需加上自己的主語構成獨立主格結構。
Employed in reading， he didn’t notice me come in.他專心讀書，
沒有注意到我進來。
He was listening attentively in class， his eyes fixed on the
blackboard.
他課上專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。（his eyes fixed on the
blackboard為獨立主格結構，fix的邏輯主語是his eyes）
3. 有些形容詞化的過去分詞，作狀語時不強調被動而重在描述主語的
狀態。這樣的過去分詞（短語）常見的有lost（迷失的），seated
（坐下來的），hidden （隱藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），
dressed in （穿著），tired of （厭煩）等。
Lost in thought， he didn’t hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。
【即時演練2】　補全句子
① ， the scientist didn’t give up.
盡管再次被打敗了，但這位科學家并沒有放棄。
②Children， ， are allowed to
enter the stadium.
孩子們由他們的父母陪同時才可以進入這個體育場。
③ ， he couldn’t fall asleep.
由于擔心兒子的安全，他難以入眠。
④ ， the bus started at once.
信號一發出，公共汽車就立刻開動了。
Although defeated again　
when accompanied by their parents　
Concerned about his son’s safety　
The signal given　
三、過去分詞與現在分詞作狀語的區別
過去分
詞作狀
語 過去分詞所表示的動
作與句子主語之間是
邏輯上的動賓關系，
即表示被動 過去分詞所表示的動作往往發生于謂
語動詞所表示的動作之前，或表示
“一種狀態”，與謂語動詞所表示的
動作同時發生或存在
現在分
詞作狀
語 現在分詞所表示的動
作與句子的主語之間
是邏輯上的主謂關
系，即表示主動 現在分詞的一般式表示的動作與謂語
動詞所表示的動作同時發生或幾乎同
時發生；現在分詞的完成式表示的動
作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前
Seen from the top of the tower， our city looks more beautiful.
從塔頂上看，我們的城市看起來更漂亮。（主語our city和see之間是
被動關系）
Seeing from the top of the tower，we can get a wonderful view of our
city.
從塔頂我們可以飽覽城市的美景。（主語we和see之間是主動關系）
名師點津
過去分詞與現在分詞的完成被動式（having been done）作狀語時，都
具有被動意義，有時可以互換，但是having been done結構強調動作先
于句子的謂語動詞所表示的動作。
Examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation room.
＝Having been examined carefully， the patient was sent to the operation
room.
仔細檢查之后，那個病人被送進了手術室。
【即時演練3】　單句語法填空
① （hesitate） over whether to leave or not， the child
stayed where he was.
② （inspire） by his words， they have decided to try their
best to achieve what they want.
③Through his whole life， Charles Dickens created a sea of literary
works， （reveal） a wide range of social issues in Great
Britain in the 19th century.
Hesitating　
Inspired　
revealing　
知識要點·須拾遺
關注高頻詞匯
2
annoyed adj.惱怒的，煩惱的
【教材原句】　Prevented from playing her role in Riley’s emotional
development， Sadness feels annoyed.
由于無法在萊利的情感發展過程中起主導作用，悲傷感到很煩惱。
【用法】
（1）be annoyed with sb　　　　 對某人生氣
be annoyed at/about sth　　因某事而生氣
be annoyed to do/that ...　　因為……而生氣
（2）annoy vt.　 　　　使惱怒；打擾
annoying adj.　　令人惱怒的，令人煩惱的
（3）annoyance n.　　煩惱；令人煩惱的事；打擾
to one’s annoyance　　令某人生氣的是
【佳句】　She was annoyed at/about being disturbed in the middle of
the night.
她因半夜被打擾感到很惱火。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The news was so （annoy） that it ruined my whole day.
②He was annoyed （learn） that the train would be delayed.
③Meg was annoyed me because I forgot to stop and buy bread
on my way home.
annoying　
to learn　
with　
【寫美】　補全句子
④ ， he found his friend hadn’t waited for him.
讓他生氣的是，他發現他的朋友沒有等他。
To his annoyance　
adjust v.適應，（使）習慣；調整
【教材原句】　When Riley moves to a new city， she has a hard time
adjusting to her new surroundings.
當萊利搬到一個新城市時，她很難適應新環境。
【用法】
（1）adjust ...to ...　　　 調整……以適應……
adjust to （doing） sth　　適應于（做）某事
adjust oneself to　　使自己適應于……
（2）adjustment n.　　調整；調節；適應
make adjustments/an adjustment to　對……作出調整
（3）adjustable adj.　　可調節的
an adjustable chair　　一把可調節的椅子
【佳句】　This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need.
這種桌子可以根據你的需要調節高度。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①It clearly showed that while likability can lead to
healthy （adjust）， high status has just the opposite
effect on us.
②When a child is studying abroad， he must learn to adjust to
（live） on his own.
adjustment　
living　
【寫美】　補全句子
③You’d better learn some basic Chinese before you come.That way，
you can in Beijing soon.
你最好在來之前學習一些基本的漢語，那樣你就能很快地適應北京的
生活。（建議信）
adjust yourself to the life　
by accident 偶然，意外地
【教材原句】　Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the
loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.
悲傷想盡自己的責任，但卻意外地讓萊莉的快樂核心記憶喪失。
【用法】
by chance＝accidentally　　　偶然，意外地
by design＝on purpose　　有意地，故意地
by mistake　　錯誤地
【佳句】　What you should remember is that success in your life
doesn’t happen by accident； it’s actually the result of your hard
work.
你應該記住：你人生中的成功不是偶然發生的，它實際上是你努力的
結果。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You sometimes hurt your family members or friends accident
but I’m sure you don’t hurt them purpose.
②Our English teacher （accident） found the
headmaster attending her lecture.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I took someone else’s bag at the station yesterday.
昨天在車站我誤拿了別人的包。
by　
on　
accidentally　
by mistake　
forgive v.原諒，寬恕
【教材原句】　Try to forgive someone when they apologise.
當別人道歉時，試著原諒他們。
【用法】
（1）forgive sb sth　 　　　寬恕某人某事
forgive sb for （doing） sth　　原諒某人（做）某事
forgive one’s doing sth　　原諒某人做某事
forgive and forget　　不念舊惡；不記仇
（2）forgiveness n.　　原諒
【佳句】　We forgave him for his rudeness as he was so young.
因為他如此年輕，我們原諒了他的無禮。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Forgive my （interrupt）， but I really don’t agree
with you.
②The shy girl didn’t know how to ask for her
mother’s （forgive）.
【寫美】　補全句子
③It is a virtue to .
不記仇是一種美德。
interrupting　
forgiveness　
forgive and forget　
embarrassment n.尷尬，難為情
【教材原句】　It’s not a good idea to criticise someone in front of
others.This can cause embarrassment.
當著別人的面批評人是不對的。這會引起尷尬。
【用法】
（1）to one’s embarrassment　令某人尷尬的是
（2）embarrass v.　　使尷尬
（3）embarrassed adj.　　尷尬的；陷入困境的
be embarrassed about/at ...　　對……感到難為情
be embarrassed to do sth　　對做某事感到尷尬
（4）embarrassing adj. 令人尷尬的；使人難堪的
【佳句】　We should learn to communicate in a kinder way with people
who are sensitive about what others say to avoid embarrassment.
我們應該學會以一種更友善的方式與那些對別人說的話很敏感的人交
流，以避免尷尬。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①As he entered the room， all the people became silent， which made
him very （embarrass）.
②His sudden appearance made me in an （embarrass）
situation.
③Her face turned red with （embarrass） when I
asked when she would marry.
embarrassed　
embarrassing　
embarrassment　
【寫美】　補全句子
④ ， she couldn’t understand the instructions
on the bottle.
令她尷尬的是，她不能理解瓶子上的說明。
To her embarrassment　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
3
維度一：基礎題型練
品句填詞
1. What we should remember is that our （義務） is to serve
the people heart and soul.
2. We must （確保） that all patients have access to high-
quality care.
duty　
ensure　
3. Some speakers argued that （拳擊） was less dangerous
than rugby.
4. I didn’t mean to break the window — it was an （意外
事件）.
5. Concern for the environment is at the （核心） of our
policies.
6. The house was small and dark inside so it took a long time for our eyes
to （適應）.
boxing　
accident　
core　
adjust　
7. We （原諒） his bad temper because we knew that his
son’s illness had put him under great stress.
8. To her e ， she couldn’t remember his name when she
met an old friend in the street.
9. She’s always c her friends for being selfish.
10. The headteacher was a to find some teenagers smoking after
school.
forgave　
mbarrassment　
riticising　
nnoyed　
維度二：語法與寫作
補全句子
1. ， the city looks like a beautiful garden.
從山上看，這個城市就像一個美麗的花園。
2. ， Philip said he
found it very interesting and rewarding.
當被問到對他的教學工作的觀點時，菲利普說他覺得既有趣又
有意義。
Seen from the hill　
When asked for his views about his teaching job　
3. ， John didn’t notice evening
approaching.
約翰全神貫注于這道難題，沒有注意到夜幕降臨了。
4. My uncle came to our New Year party， as Donald
Duck.
我叔叔來參加我們的新年晚會，打扮成唐老鴨的樣子。
5. ， the papers were handed out.
被老師批改完后，試卷被分發下去。
6. ， the worker took a day’s leave.
得到經理的允許，這個工人休了一天的假。
Absorbed in the tough question　
dressed up　
Corrected by the teacher　
Permitted by his manager　
7. ， my flat is
comfortable to live in.
我的公寓裝飾了新家具和壁紙，住起來很舒服。
8. ， he said， “It was like seeing colour for
the first time.”
被這段音樂打動了，他說：“那種感覺就如同第一次看見色彩一
樣。”
9. The boy started as if .
這個男孩猛地一驚，好像從夢中驚醒了似的。
Decorated with new furniture and wallpaper　
Moved by this music　
awakened from a dream　
10. ， the old man felt
happy.
身邊圍著一群年輕人，老人感到很高興。
Surrounded by a group of young people　
維度三：語法與語篇
用所給單詞的適當形式完成下面短文。
　　The newly designed robot can aid people with physical tasks and
many other social services.For example， 1. （give） a certain
instruction， a service robot can help move objects from one place to
another within a house.It can also help the person to contact his or her
doctor or give the person daily reminders.2. （employ）
by families with children， a service robot can make the time parents
spend doing household chores 3. （reduce）.It might also
make parents less worried， because they know that glassware， for
example， won’t possibly be broken by children when 4.
（collect） by a service robot.
given　
Employed　
reduced　
collected　
　　5. （design） with such functions， service robots are
gaining wide popularity in the world.
Designed　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　Have you ever been in mid-conversation with someone， when you
look over and find them standing in the same position as you or holding the
same facial expression？ It may seem like they have consciously （有意
識地） copied you， but it is much more likely that it is the chameleon
（變色龍） effect at play.
　　The chameleon effect is the unconscious imitation of another
person’s gestures or behaviour.Just as a chameleon attempts to match
any environment’s colours， people acquire the behaviour of others to
bring them closer together and help make their interactions smooth.
　　The chameleon effect was confirmed in an experiment by
psychologists John Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999.The first part of
their experiment included 78 people， who each spoke with an
experimenter.During the test， Bargh and Chartrand studied whether
participants would copy the actions of someone they hadn’t met before，
like moving the foot and touching the face.The second part measured the
impact that copying someone has on the person being imitated.
　　In the first stage， participants increased their face touching by 20％
and their foot movement by 50％ while in conversation about a photograph
with the experimenter.The individuals weren’t aware of what they were
being studied for， and the photograph was used to catch their attention to
ensure unconscious acts.The second stage involved half of the participants
being copied， and then rating the likeability of the experimenter.The
results showed that those who were imitated scored the experimenter
higher.It has shown that when someone copies our behaviour， we
develop more positive feelings about them.These interactions could be a
person unconsciously willing to be liked， and forming a moment of
connection.
　　The main reasons behind humans’ imitation are
positive.However， when people carry this chameleon effect to the
extreme， they can lose their sense of self.Those who change their entire
personalities in different groups often go undetected.But more common
signs of the chameleon effect are easier to notice.Next time you are in a
social gathering， take a look around and you might just see some
chameleons for yourself.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的
研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關于變色龍效應的
研究，告訴我們人們通過習得他人的行為來拉近彼此之間的距離。
1. Why do people acquire others’ behavior？（　　）
A. To match the environment’s colours.
B. To attract others’ attention.
C. To establish a connection with others.
D. To adapt to the surroundings.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段中的people acquire the
behaviour of others to bring them closer together and help make their
interactions smooth可知，人們為了與他人建立聯系，會習得他人的
行為。
2. How did the experimenter guarantee participants’ unconscious
behaviour？（　　）
A. By directing their attention to a photo.
B. By keeping a close eye on their actions.
C. By telling them the purpose of the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts of their imitation.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第四段中的The individuals weren’t
aware of what they were being studied for， and the photograph was
used to catch their attention to ensure unconscious acts.可知，實驗者
用一張照片吸引參與者的注意力來保證他們的無意識行為。
3. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment？（　　）
A. Too much of the chameleon effect can be beneficial.
B. People tend to like those who imitate their behaviour.
C. People imitating others are not easy to be detected.
D. The copied movements help people to feel relaxed.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段中的It has shown that when
someone copies our behaviour， we develop more positive feelings
about them.可推斷出，實驗表明人們傾向于那些喜歡模仿自己行為
的人。
4. Which of the following shows the chameleon effect according to the
passage？（　　）
A. A comedian copies a celebrity vividly on stage.
B. Students adopt teachers’ accents for fun after class.
C. People change their habits to please others on purpose.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviour over time.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段中變色龍效應的定義可知，隨
著時間的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行為是變色龍效應，這是因為
他們經常在一起相處，會無意識地互相模仿。
B
　　Living in a modern society has its advantages and disadvantages. One
disadvantage is that you often have to live closer to other people than you
would like to. Sometimes， your neighbours make noise that you are not
comfortable with.
　　The best way to solve this problem is to talk with your neighbour
first. You should be very polite and ask your neighbour if he knows how
thin the walls of your homes are. This way doesn’t criticise （批評） his
behaviour； it simply points out that he may not realise how far his sound
travels. Tell him that you know that sometimes you make noise as well，
but that you do your best to keep it down. Often this will solve the
problem right away， but sometimes the neighbour may become angry.
　　If your neighbour becomes angry with you， there are some more
steps you can take. You might write a letter to the neighbourhood
committee. Make sure you write down the source of the noise and the time
in the letter. They will review the situation and decide whether your
neighbour is out of line. Some noise is considered to be reasonable， even
if it bothers you. So you may prepare a good pair of earplugs （耳塞）.
　　Even if your neighbour makes too much noise， you don’t have to
live your life in discomfort. It’s always a good idea to be friendly with
your neighbours. You may clean the rubbish in front of his door. He’s
sure to appreciate behaviour like this and be more open to your suggestions
about the noise level.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在現代社會中與鄰居相
處時可能遇到的噪音問題，并提出了解決這一問題的方法。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在現代社會中與鄰居相
處時可能遇到的噪音問題，并提出了解決這一問題的方法。
5. What is the first step to deal with the noisy neighbour？（　　）
A. To buy a good pair of earplugs.
B. To offer suggestions to the neighbour.
C. To ask the neighbourhood committee for help.
D. To tell the neighbour how bad his behaviour is.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第二段內容可知，應對吵鬧的鄰居的
第一步是禮貌地和他們交談，委婉地給他們提出建議。
6. What does the underlined word “reasonable” in Paragraph 3 probably
mean？（　　）
A. Terrible. B. Loud.
C. Proper. D. Useful.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句中even if引導讓步狀語從
句，表明主從句之間的轉折關系，結合下文建議自己戴耳塞可推
知，即使有些聲音打擾了你，但它們是“合理的”。所以
reasonable與proper同義，意為“合理的”。
7. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about？（　　）
A. You should control your noise as well.
B. You can live comfortably even if there is noise.
C. Your neighbour may be more friendly than you think.
D. You should offer some suggestions to your neighbour.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據最后一段第一句可知，即使有噪音，
你也可以舒適地生活。
8. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage？ （　　）
A. To tell us why we should get on well with neighbours.
B. To tell us how to relax ourselves in modern society.
C. To tell us how to become known among neighbours.
D. To tell us what we should do with our noisy neighbours.
解析： 　寫作目的題。通讀全文，結合第二、三段內容可知，本
文的主要目的是告訴讀者應該如何處理與吵鬧鄰居之間的關系，以
維護良好的居住環境。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　The first day of school our primary Mrs Miller introduced herself and
challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t already know.I stood up
to 　9　 around when a pretty girl came into my sight.She said， “Hi，
my name is Katie.”
　　After class we became 　10　 friends.Every day for the next 8 years
we studied together and talked nonstop.We were 　11　 to our
classmates， and everyone knew that if you saw one of us， you’d likely
see the other.
　　But when we started high school， things began to
change.Katie 　12　 the cheerleading team and started hanging out with a
new group of friends.But I joined the robotics club， and spent most of
my time 　13　 with machines and coding.We still saw each other at
school， but our schedules became 　14　 and we had less time to hang
out.
　　One day， Katie told me she’d been having a 　15　 time with her
cheerleading coach.Her coach had been criticizing her 　16　 and telling
her that she wasn’t good enough.She wanted to give it up.
　　Katie’s words reminded me of a time when I was working on a robot
and couldn’t get it to function 　17　.As I felt like giving up， Katie
said to me， “I know you dream of being a robotics engineer.When
you 　18　 your dream， you die.You can do anything if you put your
mind to it.” It was my turn to help her out.I told her that she was an
amazing 　19　， and that she could overcome any obstacle with hard
work and 　20　.
　　After the chat Katie started to feel better about herself.She even tried
out for the team captain position.She didn’t get the role， but she
was 　21　 of herself for trying.
　　Years later， Katie and I were still best friends.We realized that while
our new friends were fun， they didn’t 　22　 us the way we did.We
pursued different paths， but we helped each other believe in ourselves，
and showed each other the power of 　23　， determination， and
support.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者回憶自己與
好友相互鼓勵、相互支持的故事。
9. A. expect B. show C. look D. come
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述的是作者回憶自己與
好友相互鼓勵、相互支持的故事。
解析： 　根據下文when a pretty girl came into my sight可知，此處
指的是作者環顧四周，看到一個漂亮的女孩。“環顧四周”應為
look around。
10. A. instant B. old C. strange D. false
解析： 　根據上文She said， “Hi， my name is Katie.”可知，
這是兩個人初次見面，結合空前的After class可知，作者和Katie立
刻成了朋友。
11. A. inseparable B. competitive
C. independent D. indifferent
解析： 　根據下文everyone knew that if you saw one of us，
you’d likely see the other可知，此處指的是作者和Katie形影
不離。
12. A. observed B. led
C. joined D. moved
解析： 　根據下文But I joined the robotics club可知，作者加入了
機器人俱樂部，而Katie加入了拉拉隊。
13. A. comparing B. tinkering
C. fighting D. bargaining
解析：B　機器人俱樂部應該是每天都在修補機器和編程。
14. A. busier B. lazier
C. smarter D. shorter
解析： 　根據下文we had less time to hang out可知，作者和Katie
沒時間閑逛了。由此可知，她們兩個都很忙。
15. A. careful B. tough
C. sensible D. ridiculous
解析： 　根據下文Her coach had been criticizing her可知，教練總
批評Katie，所以她與教練關系不好。tough意為“困難的”，符合
語境。
16. A. endings B. songs
C. grades D. moves
解析： 　根據上文Katie加入了拉拉隊可知，教練的批評應該是
與動作相關。
17. A. properly B. tightly
C. perfectly D. beautifully
解析： 　根據上文I was working on a robot and couldn’t get it to
function可知，作者在修理機器人時遇到了麻煩。由此可知，此處
指的是不能使機器人正常地運行。
18. A. shake B. believe
C. express D. lose
解析： 　此處指的是失去夢想，你就死了。
19. A. dreamer B. dancer
C. cheerleader D. friend
解析： 　Katie加入的是拉拉隊，所以此處指的是拉拉隊隊員。
20. A. determination B. regret
C. excitement D. satisfaction
解析： 　根據上文that she could overcome any obstacle with hard
work可知，此處與hard work并列，且結合語境可知，克服障礙需
要的是努力和決心。
21. A. delightful B. proud
C. optimistic D. thankful
解析： 　根據上文After the chat Katie started to feel better
about herself.She even tried out for the team captain position.
可知，Katie雖然沒有成為隊長，但自己努力過，所以此處指
的是為此感到自豪。
22. A. hope B. promise
C. support D. teach
解析： 　根據下文but we helped each other believe in ourselves可
知，作者和Katie幫助彼此相信自己，所以此處指的是支持。
23. A. confidence B. kindness
C. generosity D. friendship
解析： 　作者與Katie相識多年，相互支持，這是本文的中心主
題，所以此處指的是友誼的力量。
Ⅲ.語法填空
　　Would you like 24. 　　　　　　 （get） in touch with your
friends？ Do you send a text 25. 　　　　　　 make a phone call？ A
new study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology suggests that you
26. 　　　　　　 （call） instead of 27. 　　　　　　 （send） a
text.Calling makes you feel more connected with your friends.
　　Scientists asked 200 people to reconnect with an old friend by email
or by phone.Many people 28. 　　　　　　 （think） that a phone call
would be more awkward.But 29. 　　　　　　 （actual）， hearing
someone’s voice made the experience 30. 　　　　　　 （good）.
　　According to the study， people like to text because they can have
more control.They can think about their message before they send it， and
they won’t be cut off or interrupted while messaging.
　　But 31. 　　　　　　 the other hand， texting can make
32. 　　　　　　 hard to understand the true meaning of a
conversation.Making a phone call is more natural.You don’t need to
overthink the possible meanings behind the words and punctuation
33. 　　　　　　 can be used in a text.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究，建議人們
和朋友聯系時應該打電話而不是發短信。
24. to get　考查非謂語動詞。would like to do sth想要做某事。故填to
get。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究，建議人們
和朋友聯系時應該打電話而不是發短信。
25. or　考查連詞。send a text和make a phone call之間為選擇關系。故
填or。
26. （should） call　考查虛擬語氣。suggest作“建議”講時，其后的
賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，即謂語用“（should＋）動詞原形”的形
式，其中should可以省略。故填（should） call。
27. sending　考查非謂語動詞。根據空前的instead of可知，此處要用
動詞-ing形式作賓語。故填sending。
28. thought　考查動詞的時態。結合上文的asked可知，此處要用一般
過去時。故填thought。
29. actually　考查詞形轉換。分析句子可知，此處修飾整個句子，應
用副詞。故填actually。
30. better　考查形容詞的比較級。根據上文a phone call would be more
awkward可知，此處表示“聽到某人的聲音會使和朋友聯系的體驗更
好”，暗含比較，應用比較級。故填better。
31. on　考查介詞。on the other hand“另一方面”。故填on。
32. it　考查代詞。make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth為固定結構，it為形式賓
語，真正的賓語為動詞不定式短語to understand the true meaning of a
conversation。故填it。
33. that/which　考查定語從句。設空處引導限制性定語從句，先行詞
為the words and punctuation，指物，定語從句中缺少主語，所以用that
或which引導定語從句。故填that或which。
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