資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.　　　　　　 （編） and knitting are traditional cottage industries.
2.She was unable to 　　　　　　（為……辯護） her action of leaving the important document in her car.
3.Would you like to help me take 　　　　　　（分開） the machine？
4.When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake， the couple burst into 　　　　　　（眼淚）.
5.The location of the apartment is perfect. 　　　　　　（而且）， the rent is quite reasonable.
6.Tom is 　　　　　　（獨立的） — he never asks his parents’ opinion unless he wants their support.
7.The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the l　　　　　　 complained to the manager about it.
8.I was invited to lots of delicious meals. But， to be f　　　　　　， the fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication， I didn’t know how to deal with them 　　　　　　（independent）.
2.After reading the letter， she 　　　　　　（tear） it to pieces and threw them into the fire.
3.　　　　　　 （frank） speaking， I am not sure whether I will pass the coming examination.
4.He described it as an extraordinarily 　　　　　　（tangle） and complicated tale.
5.As the goods were damaged， she felt fully 　　　　　　（justify） in asking for her money back.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （每次他到家時） at the end of the day， we’d greet him at the door.
2.We’ll support you forever 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（即使你不成功）.
3.It occurred to me that I should tell you the exact time of my arrival 　　　　　　　　（提前）.
4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （你英語說得越多），the better your English will become.
5.I have to study hard 　　　　　　　　（以便） I can keep up with my classmates.
6.They set up a wildlife reserve to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（保護動物免遭獵殺）.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1.　　　　　　 （lie） is wrong， but who can 2.　　　　　　 （honest） say that they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell 3.　　　　　　 （protect） others from the truth.There are some reasons for telling white lies.One reason for telling a white lie is to make others feel 4.　　　　　　 （good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good， we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5.　　　　　　 （disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.You of course say that it’s wonderful， 6.　　　　　　 secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact， perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7.　　　　　　 （comment）.Finally， we may also tell 8.　　　　　　 white lie 9.　　　　　　 we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10.　　　　　　　　 （have） a bad day， you may hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine” so that your parents won’t worry about you.However， wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？One day， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters， an organization aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my speeches， the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not， the critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.
　　I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters， and one was the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for adults， even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally， we can expect that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and development. So as parents， we must learn how to deliver our feedback effectively， and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with openness and wisdom.
　　The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific words used. It’s possible to have good intentions， but when feedback is poorly given， it can be harmful and not helpful.
　　It’s important to create a welcoming， safe environment in the home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child and parent， the feedback needs to be healthy， constructive and regular.
　　The words used are also important. In a New York Times article written by Dr Adam Grant， an organizational psychologist at the Wharton School， he shares that it is “22 to 29 per cent more effective” to encourage children with nouns than verbs， but when it comes to giving negative feedback， it’s generally better to use verbs.
　　A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding （腳手架） for how a child will manage their inner monologue. Consider， as an example， a discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to reach the finish line.
1.Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters？（　　）
A.To tell us what is good feedback.
B.To tell us to join Toastmasters.
C.To show the main function of feedback.
D.To show the necessity of proper feedback.
2.Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr Adam Grant？（　　）
①You’re a big helper.
②You’re a poor math learner.
③You’ve been helpful this afternoon.
④You didn’t do well on this math test.
A.①②　　　　　　　 B.①④
C.②③　 D.③④
3.What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean？（　　）
A.Limit.　 B.Monitor.
C.Persuade.　 D.Inspire.
4.What is the best title for the passage？（　　）
A.The Way to Respond to Feedback
B.The Value of Accepting Feedback
C.How to Give Effective Feedback
D.How to Become a Better Speaker
B
　　“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
　　With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”
　　Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is （a） not nice and （b） not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School， including me.Many of our conversations are gossip （閑話）.I have noticed three effects of gossip：It can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
　　An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies can cause pain.
　　If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor （傳言） can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority （優越感）.
　　Gossip can also have a third effect： It strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said， then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The dos and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
　　The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
5.Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？（　　）
A.To introduce a topic.
B.To present an argument.
C.To tell a story.
D.To clarify the writing purpose.
6.What important negative effect does gossip have？（　　）
A.Breaking up relationships.
B.Embarrassing the listeners.
C.Spreading information around.
D.Causing unpleasant experiences.
7.Why do many people like to gossip？（　　）
A.It gives them a feeling of pleasure.
B.It helps them make more friends.
C.It makes them better at telling stories.
D.It enables them to meet important people.
8.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can 　　　　.（　　）
A.provide students with written rules
B.make people watch their own behaviour
C.force school to improve student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviour
C
　　So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in person， from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately， thanks to modern technology， the people you miss are often only a phone call or a text message away. According to science， if you want to feel more connected to the people you’re talking to， you should call them instead of texting.
　　In a study， researchers did various experiments. In one， they asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old friend by email or by phone， and they asked people to do one or the other at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more mortifying， it actually made the experience better. “People reported they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus email， and they did not feel uncomfortable，” co-author Amit Kumar said.
　　In another experiment， researchers had strangers connect by texting， talking over video chat， or talking using only audio （音頻）. They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they communicated via text.
　　Sabrina Romanoff， a psychologist， says people tend to text instead of calling because of convenience， as they can organize information exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other person.
　　Romanoff says that in reality， texting can make it hard to determine the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more convenient considering the effects of the message，” she explains. “Each part is more present， and therefore， it is able to figure out the meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking of the endless possible meanings behind words.”
9.What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　）
A.Puzzling.　 B.Exciting.
C.Embarrassing.　 D.Satisfying.
10.What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the study？（　　）
A.It takes more patience.
B.It brings people closer.
C.It proves more relaxing.
D.It makes people more friendly.
11.Why do people consider texting convenient？（　　）
A.They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.
B.They would easily keep the messages for future use.
C.They can freely express their good or bad feelings.
D.They would avoid some unpleasant topics.
12.What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph？（　　）
A.It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.
B.It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.
C.People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.
D.People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Talking to Teens About Friendships
　　Parents can’t choose their teenagers’ friends or control their friendships.13.（　　） Here are some of the most important things about friendships that parents should share with their teens.
　　Authentic （真實的） Connection
　　The best teen friendships allow teenagers to speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling.14.（　　） This kind of authentic connection will support them during adolescence （青春期） and beyond.
　　The Power of Listening
　　Friendships depend on listening as well as sharing.Strong teen friendships depend on listening closely and responding with encouragement and positive feedback.
　　Friendships Change
　　15.（　　） People change as they grow up， and then they may grow apart.Parents can encourage teens to think about the qualities that are important to them in a relationship.Friendships are more likely to last when teens have similar values， and want the same things out of the relationship.
　　Conflict （矛盾） Is Natural
　　It’s normal for teens to have fights and disagreements.16.（　　） Teen friendships help adolescents learn how to deal with conflict and how to recognize what they could do differently.Moreover， they learn how important it is to say “I’m sorry.” and also how important it is to pardon the other person.
　　In conclusion， teen friendships matter — a lot.17.（　　） By sharing， parents can not only help their teens win true friends， but also improve their parent-child relationships.
A.It can help friends stay calm.
B.Not all teen friendships last forever.
C.Parents should listen to what they say patiently.
D.They’re a huge part of growing into adulthood.
E.But that doesn’t mean the friendship has to end.
F.Moreover， they can do so without fear of being judged.
G.But they can talk to their teens about what friendship should feel like.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請以My Best Friend為題，寫一篇短文參賽，內容包括：
　　1.簡要介紹你最喜歡的朋友；
　　2.說明你喜歡他/她的原因；
　　3.朋友在我們生活中的重要性。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為 80 左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
My Best Friend
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.Weaving　2.justify　3.apart　4.tears　5.Moreover
6.independent　7.latter　8.frank
維度二
1.independently　2.tore　3.Frankly　4.tangled
5.justified/justifiable
維度三
1.Every time he arrived home
2.even if/even though you don’t succeed
3.in advance
4.The more you speak English
5.so that
6.protect animals from being hunted
維度四
1.lying　2.honestly　3.to protect　4.better
5.disappointment　6.despite　7.comments　8.a
9.when　10.have had
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了父母應該如何對孩子進行有效的反饋。
1.D　推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句可以推斷出，作者提到他參加Toastmasters的經歷是為了說明適當反饋的必要性。
2.B　推理判斷題。根據第五段內容可知，①和④是有效的反饋。
3.D　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上句和畫線詞后的them on to reach the finish line可知，畫線詞和上文的encourage意義一致。所以，畫線詞和D項Inspire意義一致。
4.C　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了父母應該如何對孩子進行有效的反饋。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了說閑話的影響，分析了人們為什么喜歡傳閑話。
5.A　推理判斷題。第一、二段描述了兩個人說別人閑話的場景。第三段敘述了說閑話這種事幾乎人人都會做。下文接著敘述說閑話的三個影響。由此推知，文章開頭引用兩人的交談是為了引出“說閑話”這個話題。
6.D　推理判斷題。根據第四段的第一句可知，流言會傷害被談論的人。由此可推知，流言會給被談論的人帶來不愉快的經歷。
7.A　細節理解題。根據第五段中的The answer lies in another effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us.可知，散播流言能給人帶來滿足感，即快樂的感覺。
8.B　細節理解題。根據第六段中的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.可知，流言在管理群體行為方面很重要。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，如果想和交談的人感覺更親近，應該給他們打電話而不是發短信。
9.C　詞義猜測題。根據Although可知，主從句之間為讓步關系，結合下文it actually made the experience better以及they did not feel uncomfortable可知，盡管人們認為打電話會讓人更難堪，但實際上這讓體驗變得更好。所以畫線詞的意思是“令人尷尬的”。
10.B　細節理解題。根據第三段中的They found that both forms ...they communicated via text.可知，根據這項研究，打電話比發電子郵件有優勢是因為它拉近了人們的距離。
11.A　細節理解題。根據第四段中的as they can organize information ...by the other person可知，人們認為發短信很方便是因為他們可以在不被打擾的情況下把自己的意思表達清楚。
12.C　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的it is able to figure out ...possible meanings behind words可知，人們可以通過電話更容易地相互理解。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了父母應該告訴青少年關于友情的一些事情。
13.G　上文指出家長不能操控青少年的友情，下文介紹了父母應該告訴青少年關于友情的一些事情。由此可知，設空處與上文內容形成轉折關系，且與家長和孩子就交友方面進行溝通有關，故G項符合語境。G項中的they指代上文中的Parents， their teens呼應上文中的their teenagers， friendship呼應上文中的friends和friendships。
14.F　本部分指出友情是一種真實的聯系。F項與空前一句對這種真實的聯系作出了解釋：讓青少年開誠布公地說出自己的感受，且不用擔心被評價。F項中的they指代上文中的teenagers， do so指代上文中的speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling。
15.B　B項（并不是所有的青少年友情都能天長地久）呼應本部分小標題Friendships Change，符合語境。B項中的teen， friendships， last與下文中的teens， Friendships， last是原詞復現關系。
16.E　本部分指出青少年之間有矛盾很正常，青少年的友情可以幫助他們學會如何化解矛盾、諒解對方。由此可知，即使青少年之間有了爭執，也并不意味著友情會結束，故E項符合語境。E項中的that指代上文中的have fights and disagreements。
17.D　本段是全文總結段，指出友情在青少年生活中很重要。根據空前一句可知，設空處應該與青少年友情的重要性有關，D項（它們是邁向成年的重要部分）符合語境。D項中的They指代上文中的teen friendships。
Ⅲ.
My Best Friend
　　It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend.My best friend is Li Ping， who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class.Not only does she do well in her academic subjects， but she is also ready to help others.
　　Undoubtedly， what brings us together are common interests and hobbies.There are two things that we enjoy doing together： reading literary works and listening to classical music.More importantly， we share similar views on life and the world around us.
　　As emotional creatures， we human beings need family affection as well as friendship.Without friends， our lives would be like a wild desert.
5 / 6Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
Little White Lies
　　[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry④：
　　Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
　　When first we practise to deceive⑧！
　　[1]過去分詞短語作狀語，write與句子主語these lines是邏輯上的動賓關系。
　　[2]what引導感嘆句，其結構為：What＋a/an＋形容詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語！
　　[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？ [4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
　　[3]本句為but連接的并列復合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后面是that 引導的兩個賓語從句，其中第二個that 不能省略；在but后面的句子中，say 后面是that 引導的賓語從句。
　　[4]本句是復合句。knowledge 后面是that 引導的同位語從句；we tell是定語從句； little lies后是that 引導的定語從句；to protect others from the truth為動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
　　[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
　　[5]本句是復合句。that we don’t like為that 引導的定語從句，修飾前面的先行詞meal。
　　[6]and 連接前后并列的兩個謂語動詞lie和say，say 后面是that 引導的賓語從句。
　　[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
　　[7]本句為復合句。asks us后面是what引導的賓語從句；even if 引導讓步狀語從句。
　　One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？ Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment and anger of others.
　　[8]本句是復合句。or 連接兩個when 引導的時間狀語從句，主句是一般疑問句，使用了現在進行時。However后面必須要加逗號。
　　Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
　　[9]本句中despite 為介詞，其后引導表示讓步意義的短語結構，意義相當于although your cat can sing better。
　　[10]本句是復合句。主句為祈使句；that引導賓語從句；so that 引導目的狀語從句，從句中常用情態動詞。
　　Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice ？
　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？ Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？
　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines為動詞-ing短語作狀語，go與句子的主語we是邏輯上的主謂關系。
　　[12]you said was “delicious”為省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句，修飾先行詞meal； every time 引導時間狀語從句，意為“每次……”。
【讀文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃爾特·司各特（英國著名的歷史小說家和詩人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘錄，節選
④Scottish poetry 蘇格蘭詩歌
⑤tangled adj.糾結的；復雜的
⑥web n.蜘蛛網；錯綜復雜的事物
⑦weave v.編，織
⑧deceive v.欺騙
⑨honesty n.誠實
⑩value n.價值
tell a lie 說謊
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知識；知曉，了解
white lies 善意的謊言
protect v.保護
　protect ...from ...
　保護……免遭……
experience n.經歷
the majority of 大多數
tell the truth 說實話
haircut n.發型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.證明（別人認為不合理的事）有道理；為……辯護
one of the main reasons
主要原因之一
situation n.情況，形勢
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事實上
disappointment n.失望
　disappoint vt.使失望
　disappointed adj.失望的
　disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生氣
　angry adj.生氣的
encouragement n.鼓勵
　encourage vt.鼓勵
despite＝in spite of 盡管
for a moment 一會兒
frank adj.坦率的，坦誠的，直言不諱的
comment n.評論
tear n.眼淚，淚水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice
征求某人的意見
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服務
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【參考譯文】
善意的小小謊言
　　200多年前，沃爾特·司各特寫下的這幾行文字，如今依然是蘇格蘭詩歌中最廣為傳誦的詩句之一：
　　啊，謊言一旦開始，
　　我們須得織就一張錯綜復雜的網！
　　我們都知道誠實是一項重要品質，也知道說謊是不對的。但是誰又能誠實地說自己從來沒有說過謊呢？或許我們可以安慰自己，我們說過的大部分謊言都是“善意的謊言”，即為了保護他人不被真相傷害而撒的小謊。
　　我們一定都有過這樣的經歷：別人為我們準備的菜肴不合我們的口味。大多數人會理所當然地把真實想法隱藏起來——我們會撒謊說這道菜“很好吃”。
　　或者有朋友問我們他的新發型怎么樣，即使我們覺得剪得非常糟糕，也會說“棒極了！”但是這些善意的謊言到底有多正當呢？
　　說善意的謊言，主要原因之一是為了照顧別人的感受。但是，當我們撒謊說某人的發型很好看，或者說不合我們口味的菜很好吃時，我們真的是在為別人著想嗎？也許事實上，我們撒謊只是為了不讓別人失望和生氣，以免殃及自身。
　　說善意的謊言的另一個原因是給予鼓勵。比如說，你的朋友問你覺得他的歌唱得怎么樣。盡管你私下里認為他唱得還不如貓叫好聽，但還是說他的歌聲很美妙。停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和提高。又或者，應該讓他知道自己需要換一個愛好了。
　　最后，想要向別人隱瞞壞消息的時候，我們可能也會說善意的謊言。假如你今天過得很糟糕，你是對你的父母說實話呢，還是偷偷擦掉眼淚騙他們說今天過得“不錯”？如果你選擇隱瞞，難道你不覺得其實父母希望聽你傾訴從而理解你的真實感受嗎？尊重他們對你的關心，向他們尋求建議不是更好嗎？
　　回到沃爾特·司各特的詩句，我們會發現，即使是善意的謊言，也會帶來無法預知的后果。也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時都出現在餐桌上。你的朋友發現你對歌聲“很美妙”的評價是個謊言后，還會繼續信任你的看法嗎？如果你只分享好消息而隱瞞壞消息，你還能期望他人真正理解你的情緒嗎？而且，當你發現身邊最親近的人在對你隱瞞真相時，你又會有怎樣的感受呢？
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1.What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　）
A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B.To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D.To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.Being honest means you are valuable.
B.We tell lies so as to protect others.
C.Honest men say they never tell lies.
D.White lies have a kind original intention.
3.Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（　　）
A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B.Because white lies are always encouraging.
C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D.Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4.Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（　　）
A.Your haircut looks good.
B.You sing a wonderful song.
C.The meal you cooked is delicious.
D.My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5.What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.All the white lies are good for our lives.
B.All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D.If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6.What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？（　　）
A.Approving.　　　 B.Disapproving.
C.Cautious.　 D.Neutral.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
1.Whether should we tell white lies？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
2.In your opinion， what is a white lie？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
3.Can you give an example of a white lie？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句為but連接的并列復合句。第一個分句是復合句，that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong為由連詞and連接的并列的　　　　從句。第二個分句也是復合句，that they’ve never told a lie為that引導的　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
2.However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句為主從復合句。when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate均為when引導的　　　　　從句；that someone’s haircut looks good和that we love a meal都是that引導的　　　　從句；that we secretly hate為that引導的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
3.Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
句式分析 本句為復合句。you said was “delicious”為　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　從句；every time you visit為every time引導的　　　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
frank adj.坦率的，坦誠的，直言不諱的
【教材原句】　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和提高。
【用法】　
（1）to be frank　　　 　　坦白說；坦率地說 to be frank with sb　　對某人坦白 （2）frankly adv.　　坦誠地，坦白說 frankly speaking　　坦白說；坦率地說 （3）to be honest＝honestly speaking　 　　老實說 to tell the truth　　說實話
【佳句】　To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend and invite you to come to my house on weekends.坦白說，我想做你的朋友，并邀請你周末來我家。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To be frank 　　　　　　you， I don’t really think you’ve got a chance.
②　　　　　　 （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in personality.
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→　　　　　　　　　　， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→　　　　　　　　　　， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
tear n.眼淚，淚水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】　If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天過得很糟糕，你是對你的父母說實話呢，還是偷偷擦掉眼淚騙他們說今天過得“不錯”？
【用法】　
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying 　　　　　　　　　　突然大哭起來 hold back the tears　　忍住眼淚 move sb to tears　　使某人感動得流淚 in tears　　哭著；流淚 （2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces　撕毀；撕碎 tear down　　拆除；拆掉 tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves　 　　把……撕成兩半
【佳句】　Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的淚水順著她的臉頰流下來。（情感描寫）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening 　　　　　　tears.
②The city will tear 　　　　　　the old building and create a park here.
③She 　　　　　　（tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
【寫美】　補全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself surrounded by her students and 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
當老師在醫院醒來時，發現自己被學生們圍著，感動得哭了。（情感描寫）
apart adv.分離，分開adj.分開的，分離的
【教材原句】　As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each other with their quills， so they had to move apart.
它們一開始靠近就互相用棘刺傷了對方，所以它們不得不分開。
【用法】　
apart from　　　　　除……之外；除了……外（還有） take ...apart　　將……拆卸開/拆分 tell ...apart　　分辨出，辨別 tear ...apart　　使某人不快；撕毀某物 fall apart　　崩潰；土崩瓦解 set sb apart　　使某人與眾不同
【佳句】　The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
這對雙胞胎長得太像了，很難把他們區分開來。
【點津】　apart from表示“除……之外”時，相當于except， except for；表示“除了……外（還有）”時，相當于besides， in addition to。
【練透】　選用左欄短語并用其適當形式填空
①It 　　　　　　me 　　　　　　to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s 　　　　　　　　　　.
③Her unusual lifestyle 　　　　　　her 　　　　　　as a child.
④It is easy to 　　　　　　the machine 　　　　　　but it is difficult to put it together.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， it is also a good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，這也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好機會。（申請信）
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：so that引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和提高。又或者，應該讓他知道自己需要換一個愛好了。
【用法】　
（1）so that引導目的狀語從句時，從句常和情態動詞may/might， can/could， should， would等連用。 （2）so that還可以引導結果狀語從句，意為“因此，所以”，主從句之間可用逗號隔開。
【品悟】　We should read more books so that we can get more knowledge.
我們應當多讀書，以便可以獲得更多知識。
【點津】　in order that也可以引導目的狀語從句，相當于so that，如果更正式，可以用“in order to＋動詞原形”替換。
【寫美】　微寫作/一句多譯
①我們很早就去了電影院，結果我們坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②他每天努力學習以便能考試及格。
→He studies hard every day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→He studies hard every day 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he studies hard every day.
句型公式：every time引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時都出現在餐桌上。
【用法】　
句中every time you visit為名詞詞組every time引導的時間狀語從句，every time相當于whenever，表示“每次……”。 名詞詞組作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句的還有： （1）由time構成的名詞詞組：each time， the first/last time， next time， any time等； （2）the＋瞬間名詞： the minute/instant/moment等； （3）the＋時間名詞：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter等。
【品悟】　I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these photos.
每次看到這些照片，我都會想起我們一起度過的美好時光。
【寫美】　微寫作/句型轉換
①第一次和簡見面，我們就談了很多關于學習的事，就好像是老朋友一樣。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， we talked a lot about study as if we had been old friends.
②每次我有麻煩的時候，他都會來幫我一把。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜訪他時，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　I picked up the phone.
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.feel better　2.ourselves　3.encouragement　4.frank
5.different　6.bad news
第二步
1－6　ADCBCC
第三步
Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步
1.It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I think we’d better tell the truth.
2.A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3.For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat and allow us to eat more.
第五步
1.賓語　賓語
我們都知道誠實是一項重要品質，也知道說謊是不對的。但是誰又能誠實地說自己從來沒有說過謊呢？
2.時間狀語　賓語　定語　meal
但是，當我們撒謊說某人的發型很好看，或者說不合我們口味的菜很好吃時，我們真的是在為別人著想嗎？
3.省略了關系代詞that/which的定語　時間狀語
也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時都出現在餐桌上。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①with　②Frankly
③Honestly speaking； To tell the truth
2.①in　②down　③tore　④was moved to tears
3.①tears； apart　②falling apart　③set； apart　④take； apart
⑤Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above
重點句型解構
1.①so that we got good seats　②in order that/so that he can pass the exam； in order to/so as to pass the exam； In order to pass the exam
2.①The first time I met Jane　②Every time I was in trouble
③last time I called on him　④the moment/instant/minute
9 / 9(共110張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
Little White Lies
　　[1]Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter
Scott① remain② one of the most well-known excerpts③ of Scottish poetry
④：
　　Oh， [2]what a tangled⑤ web⑥ we weave⑦，
　　When first we practise to deceive⑧！
　　[1]過去分詞短語作狀語，write與句子主語these lines是邏輯上的
動賓關系。
　　[2]what引導感嘆句，其結構為：What＋a/an＋形容詞＋名詞＋
主語＋謂語！
【讀文清障】
①Walter Scott 沃爾特·司各特（英國著名的歷史小說家和詩人）
②remain v.保持，仍是
③excerpt n.摘錄，節選
④Scottish poetry 蘇格蘭詩歌
⑤tangled adj.糾結的；復雜的
⑥web n.蜘蛛網；錯綜復雜的事物
⑦weave v.編，織
⑧deceive v.欺騙
　　[3]We all know that honesty⑨ is an important value⑩ and that lying
is wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie ？
[4]Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the
lies we tell are “white lies ”： little lies that we tell to protect others
from the truth.
　　[3]本句為but連接的并列復合句。在but前面的句子中，know 后
面是that 引導的兩個賓語從句，其中第二個that 不能省略；在but后面
的句子中，say 后面是that 引導的賓語從句。
　　[4]本句是復合句。knowledge 后面是that 引導的同位語從句；
we tell是定語從句； little lies后是that 引導的定語從句；to protect
others from the truth為動詞不定式短語作目的狀語。
⑨honesty n.誠實
⑩value n.價值
tell a lie 說謊
comfort vt.安慰
knowledge n.知識；知曉，了解
white lies 善意的謊言
protect v.保護
　protect ...from ...保護……免遭……
　　[5]本句是復合句。that we don’t like為that 引導的定語從句，修
飾前面的先行詞meal。
　　[6]and 連接前后并列的兩個謂語動詞lie和say，say 后面是that 引
導的賓語從句。
　　
　　[5]We’ve all surely had the experience of someone cooking a
meal for us that we don’t like. [6]The majority of us of course don’t
tell the truth — we lie and say that the food is “delicious”.
experience n.經歷
the majority of 大多數
tell the truth 說實話
　　[7]Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut ， we
say “It’s great！”， even if we think it’s awful . But to what
extent can we justify telling white lies like these？
　　[7]本句為復合句。asks us后面是what引導的賓語從句；even if
引導讓步狀語從句。
haircut n.發型
even if＝even though 即使
awful adj.糟糕的
to ...extent 在……程度上
justify v.證明（別人認為不合理的事）有道理；為……辯護
　　One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make
others feel better.[8]However， when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good， or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate， are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the disappointment
and anger of others.
　　[8]本句是復合句。or 連接兩個when 引導的時間狀語從句，主句
是一般疑問句，使用了現在進行時。However后面必須要加逗號。
one of the main reasons 主要原因之一
situation n.情況，形勢
in fact＝as a matter of fact 事實上
disappointment n.失望
　disappoint vt.使失望
　disappointed adj.失望的
　disappointing adj.令人失望的
anger n.生氣
　angry adj.生氣的
　　Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement .Say
for example that your friend asks you what you think of his
singing.[9]You of course say that it’s wonderful， despite secretly
thinking that your cat can sing better. [10]Stop for a moment and
consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you
so that they can improve. Or perhaps， they need to know that they should
look for a different hobby.
　　[9]本句中despite 為介詞，其后引導表示讓步意義的短語結構，
意義相當于although your cat can sing better。
　　[10]本句是復合句。主句為祈使句；that引導賓語從句；so that
引導目的狀語從句，從句中常用情態動詞。
encouragement n.鼓勵
　encourage vt.鼓勵
despite＝in spite of 盡管
for a moment 一會兒
frank adj.坦率的，坦誠的，直言不諱的
comment n.評論
　　Finally， we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others
from bad news.If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents about
it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the
latter ， don’t you think your parents would want to listen to you and
understand your feelings？ Wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern
for you and ask for their advice ？
　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines， we may find even white
lies have results we cannot know in advance .[12]Perhaps the meal you
said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. Would your
friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his
“wonderful” singing？ How would you expect others to truly
understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？
Moreover ， how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest
to you had been hiding the truth from you？
　　[11]Going back to Walter Scott’s lines為動詞-ing短語作狀語，go
與句子的主語we是邏輯上的主謂關系。
　　[12]you said was “delicious”為省略了關系代詞that或which的定
語從句，修飾先行詞meal； every time 引導時間狀語從句，意為“每
次……”。
tear n.眼淚，淚水
latter n.后者
ask for one’s advice 征求某人的意見
in advance 提前
serve v.提供，接待，服務
emotion n.情感
moreover adv.此外，而且
【參考譯文】
善意的小小謊言
　　200多年前，沃爾特·司各特寫下的這幾行文字，如今依然是蘇格
蘭詩歌中最廣為傳誦的詩句之一：
　　啊，謊言一旦開始，
　　我們須得織就一張錯綜復雜的網！
　　我們都知道誠實是一項重要品質，也知道說謊是不對的。但是誰
又能誠實地說自己從來沒有說過謊呢？或許我們可以安慰自己，我們
說過的大部分謊言都是“善意的謊言”，即為了保護他人不被真相傷
害而撒的小謊。
　　我們一定都有過這樣的經歷：別人為我們準備的菜肴不合我們的
口味。大多數人會理所當然地把真實想法隱藏起來——我們會撒謊說
這道菜“很好吃”。
　　或者有朋友問我們他的新發型怎么樣，即使我們覺得剪得非常糟
糕，也會說“棒極了！”但是這些善意的謊言到底有多正當呢？
　　說善意的謊言，主要原因之一是為了照顧別人的感受。但是，當
我們撒謊說某人的發型很好看，或者說不合我們口味的菜很好吃時，
我們真的是在為別人著想嗎？也許事實上，我們撒謊只是為了不讓別
人失望和生氣，以免殃及自身。
　　說善意的謊言的另一個原因是給予鼓勵。比如說，你的朋友問你
覺得他的歌唱得怎么樣。盡管你私下里認為他唱得還不如貓叫好聽，
但還是說他的歌聲很美妙。停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到
你的真實評價，從而改進和提高。又或者，應該讓他知道自己需要換
一個愛好了。
　　最后，想要向別人隱瞞壞消息的時候，我們可能也會說善意的謊
言。假如你今天過得很糟糕，你是對你的父母說實話呢，還是偷偷擦
掉眼淚騙他們說今天過得“不錯”？如果你選擇隱瞞，難道你不覺得
其實父母希望聽你傾訴從而理解你的真實感受嗎？尊重他們對你的關
心，向他們尋求建議不是更好嗎？
　　回到沃爾特·司各特的詩句，我們會發現，即使是善意的謊言，
也會帶來無法預知的后果。也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你
每次到訪時都出現在餐桌上。你的朋友發現你對歌聲“很美妙”的評
價是個謊言后，還會繼續信任你的看法嗎？如果你只分享好消息而隱
瞞壞消息，你還能期望他人真正理解你的情緒嗎？而且，當你發現身
邊最親近的人在對你隱瞞真相時，你又會有怎樣的感受呢？
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1. What is the function of the first paragraph？（　　）
A. To introduce the topic of the whole passage.
B. To deepen the understanding of white lies.
C. To remind the readers of the damage of white lies.
D. To analyse why people like telling white lies.
2. What can we learn from Paragraph 2？（　　）
A. Being honest means you are valuable.
B. We tell lies so as to protect others.
C. Honest men say they never tell lies.
D. White lies have a kind original intention.
3. Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？（　　）
A. Because white lies make ourselves feel better.
B. Because white lies are always encouraging.
C. Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions.
D. Because all the white lies are kind and understandable.
4. Which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？（　　）
A. Your haircut looks good.
B. You sing a wonderful song.
C. The meal you cooked is delicious.
D. My day is fine.Don’t worry.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph？（　　）
A. All the white lies are good for our lives.
B. All the white lies are bad for our lives.
C. Sometimes a white lie has a result we can’t know in advance.
D. If we tell a white lie， we will lose our best friends.
6. What is the author’s attitude towards “telling white lies”？
（　　）
A. Approving. B. Disapproving.
C. Cautious. D. Neutral.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence containing quotes.




Written more than two hundred years ago， these lines by Walter Scott
remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry：
Oh， what a tangled web we weave，
When first we practise to deceive！
第四步：拓思維品質提升
1. Whether should we tell white lies？


2. In your opinion， what is a white lie？


It depends on what thing we will tell.If it brings some bad results， I
think we’d better tell the truth.
A white lie refers to a lie that is told in order to be polite or to stop
someone from being upset by the truth or to encourage someone.
3. Can you give an example of a white lie？



For example， whenever my mother cooks meat， she often says that
she doesn’t like eating meat.In fact， she says so to save the meat
and allow us to eat more.
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is
wrong， but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie？
句式分析 本句為but連接的并列復合句。第一個分句是復合句，that
honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong為由連詞and連接
的并列的 從句。第二個分句也是復合句，that they’ve
never told a lie為that引導的 從句。
自主翻譯

賓語　
賓語　
我們都知道誠實是一項重要品質，也知道說謊是不對
的。但是誰又能誠實地說自己從來沒有說過謊呢？　
2. However， when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good，
or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate， are we
really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？
句式分析 本句為主從復合句。when we lie and say that someone’s
haircut looks good和when we say that we love a meal that we secretly
hate均為when引導的 從句；that someone’s haircut
looks good和that we love a meal都是that引導的 從句；that
we secretly hate為that引導的 從句，修飾先行詞 。
自主翻譯

時間狀語　
賓語　
定語　
meal　
但是，當我們撒謊說某人的發型很好看，或者說不合
我們口味的菜很好吃時，我們真的是在為別人著想嗎？　
3. Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time
you visit.
句式分析 本句為復合句。you said was “delicious”為
從句；every time you visit為every time引
導的 從句。
自主翻譯

省略了關
系代詞that/which的定語　
時間狀語　
也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時
都出現在餐桌上。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
frank adj.坦率的，坦誠的，直言不諱的
【教材原句】　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和
提高。
（1）to be frank　　　坦白說；坦率地說
to be frank with sb　　對某人坦白
（2）frankly adv.　　坦誠地，坦白說
frankly speaking　　坦白說；坦率地說
（3）to be honest＝honestly speaking　　老實說
to tell the truth　　說實話
【用法】
【佳句】　To be frank/Frankly speaking， I’d like to be your friend
and invite you to come to my house on weekends.
坦白說，我想做你的朋友，并邀請你周末來我家。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①To be frank you， I don’t really think you’ve got a
chance.
② （frank）， my father and I are extremely similar in
personality.
with　
Frankly　
【寫美】　同義句轉換
③To be honest， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
→ ， it was one of the best books I’ve ever read.
Honestly speaking　
To tell the truth　
tear n.眼淚，淚水 vt.（tore， torn）撕碎，扯破；扯掉
【教材原句】　If you’ve had a bad day， do you tell your parents
about it， or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？
假如你今天過得很糟糕，你是對你的父母說實話呢，還是偷偷擦掉眼
淚騙他們說今天過得“不錯”？
【用法】
（1）burst into tears＝burst out crying　突然大哭起來
hold back the tears　　忍住眼淚
move sb to tears　　使某人感動得流淚
in tears　　哭著；流淚
（2）tear up＝tear ...into pieces　撕毀；撕碎
tear down　　拆除；拆掉
tear ...in two＝tear ...into halves　　把……撕成兩半
【佳句】　Tears of happiness flowed down her cheeks.
幸福的淚水順著她的臉頰流下來。（情感描寫）
【練透】　單句語法填空
①During the time when he told the story， we were all listening
tears.
②The city will tear the old building and create a park here.
③She （tear） up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
in　
down　
tore　
【寫美】　補全句子
④When the teacher woke up in the hospital， she found herself
surrounded by her students and .當老師在醫院醒
來時，發現自己被學生們圍著，感動得哭了。（情感描寫）
was moved to tears　
apart adv.分離，分開adj.分開的，分離的
【教材原句】　As soon as they started to get closer， they hurt each
other with their quills， so they had to move apart.它們一開始靠近就互
相用棘刺傷了對方，所以它們不得不分開。
【用法】
apart from　　　除……之外；除了……外（還有）
take ...apart　　將……拆卸開/拆分
tell ...apart　　分辨出，辨別
tear ...apart　　使某人不快；撕毀某物
fall apart　　崩潰；土崩瓦解
set sb apart　　使某人與眾不同
【佳句】　The twins are so alike that it’s difficult to tell them apart.
這對雙胞胎長得太像了，很難把他們區分開來。
【點津】　apart from表示“除……之外”時，相當于except， except
for；表示“除了……外（還有）”時，相當于besides， in addition
to。
【練透】　選用上面短語并用其適當形式填空
①It me to think I might have made her sad.
②He drives around in an old car that’s .
③Her unusual lifestyle her as a child.
④It is easy to the machine but it is difficult to put it
together.
【寫美】　補全句子
⑤ ， it is also a
good opportunity for me to do some voluntary work.
除了以上原因，這也是一次我做一些志愿工作的好機會。（申請信）
tears　
apart　
falling apart　
set　
apart　
take　
apart　
Apart from/Besides/In addition to the reasons above　
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：so that引導目的狀語從句
【教材原句】　Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend
wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.Or
perhaps， they need to know that they should look for a different hobby.
停下來想一想，也許你的朋友就是想聽到你的真實評價，從而改進和
提高。又或者，應該讓他知道自己需要換一個愛好了。
【用法】
（1）so that引導目的狀語從句時，從句常和情態動詞may/might，
can/could， should， would等連用。
（2）so that還可以引導結果狀語從句，意為“因此，所以”，主從
句之間可用逗號隔開。
【品悟】　We should read more books so that we can get more
knowledge.
我們應當多讀書，以便可以獲得更多知識。
【點津】　in order that也可以引導目的狀語從句，相當于so that，如
果更正式，可以用“in order to＋動詞原形”替換。
【寫美】　微寫作/一句多譯
①我們很早就去了電影院，結果我們坐到了好位置。
We went to the cinema very early， .
②他每天努力學習以便能考試及格。
→He studies hard every day
.
→He studies hard every day .
→ ， he studies hard every day.
so that we got good seats　
in order that/so that he can pass the
exam　
in order to/so as to pass the exam　
In order to pass the exam　
句型公式：every time引導時間狀語從句
【教材原句】　Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be
served every time you visit.
也許被你評價為“很好吃”的菜肴會在你每次到訪時都出現在餐
桌上。
【用法】
句中every time you visit為名詞詞組every time引導的時間狀語從句，
every time相當于whenever，表示“每次……”。
名詞詞組作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句的還有：
（1）由time構成的名詞詞組：each time， the first/last time， next
time， any time等；
（2）the＋瞬間名詞： the minute/instant/moment等；
（3）the＋時間名詞：the day/week/year/spring/summer/autumn/winter
等。
【品悟】　I think of the happy time we spent together every time I see
these photos.
＝I think of the happy time we spent together each time I see these
photos.
每次看到這些照片，我都會想起我們一起度過的美好時光。
【寫美】　微寫作/句型轉換
①第一次和簡見面，我們就談了很多關于學習的事，就好像是老朋友
一樣。
， we talked a lot about study as if we had
been old friends.
The first time I met Jane　
②每次我有麻煩的時候，他都會來幫我一把。
， he would come to help me out.
③上次我去拜訪他時，他碰巧外出了。
He happened to be out .
④I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice as soon as I picked
up the phone.
→I was so familiar with him that I recognised his voice
I picked up the phone.
Every time I was in trouble　
last time I called on him　
the
moment/instant/minute　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. （編） and knitting are traditional cottage industries.
2. She was unable to （為……辯護） her action of leaving
the important document in her car.
3. Would you like to help me take （分開） the machine？
4. When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the
earthquake， the couple burst into （眼淚）.
Weaving　
justify　
apart　
tears　
5. The location of the apartment is perfect. （而且），
the rent is quite reasonable.
6. Tom is （獨立的） — he never asks his parents’
opinion unless he wants their support.
7. The salesgirl was rude to the customer，so the l complained to
the manager about it.
8. I was invited to lots of delicious meals. But， to be f ， the
fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.
Moreover　
independent　
atter　
rank　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication， I
didn’t know how to deal with them
（independent）.
2. After reading the letter， she （tear） it to pieces and threw
them into the fire.
3. （frank） speaking， I am not sure whether I will pass
the coming examination.
independently　
tore　
Frankly　
4. He described it as an extraordinarily （tangle） and
complicated tale.
5. As the goods were damaged， she felt fully
（justify） in asking for her money back.
tangled　
justified/justifiable　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. （每次他到家時） at the end of the
day， we’d greet him at the door.
2. We’ll support you forever
（即使你不成功）.
3. It occurred to me that I should tell you the exact time of my arrival
（提前）.
4. （你英語說得越多），the better
your English will become.
Every time he arrived home　
even if/even though you don’t
succeed　
in
advance　
The more you speak English　
5. I have to study hard （以便） I can keep up with my
classmates.
6. They set up a wildlife reserve to
（保護動物免遭獵殺）.
so that　
protect animals from being hunted　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1.
（lie） is wrong， but who can 2. （honest） say that
they’ve never told a lie？Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the
knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that
we tell 3. （protect） others from the truth.There are some
reasons for telling white lies.One reason for telling a white lie is to make
others feel 4.
lying　
honestly　
to protect　
（good）.When we lie and say someone’s haircut looks good，
we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5.
（disappoint） and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie
is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what
you think of his singing.You of course say that it’s wonderful，
6. secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact，
perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7.
（comment）.Finally， we may also tell 8. white lie 9.
better　
disappointment　
despite　
comments　
a　
we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10.
（have） a bad day， you may hide your tears and lie that your day was
“fine” so that your parents won’t worry about you.However，
wouldn’t it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their
advice？One day， we may find even white lies have results we cannot
know in advance.
when　
have had　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　I have quite a bit of experience with Toastmasters， an organization
aiming to help people overcome speech anxiety. I joined many years ago
with the hope of improving my public speaking. After one of my
speeches， the comments I received were harsh. Constructive or not， the
critique was hard to take. I felt my feelings were hurt.
　　I learned many things from my time with Toastmasters， and one was
the value of good feedback. Welcoming the critique of others is hard for
adults， even when it’s well-intentioned. So naturally， we can expect
that children will also struggle with it. But the feedback our children
receive from teachers and parents is important to their growth and
development. So as parents， we must learn how to deliver our feedback
effectively， and we’ll need to train our children on how to accept it with
openness and wisdom.
　　The way parents deliver their feedback is as important as the specific
words used. It’s possible to have good intentions， but when feedback is
poorly given， it can be harmful and not helpful.
　　It’s important to create a welcoming， safe environment in the
home for intaking and processing feedback. Especially between a child
and parent， the feedback needs to be healthy， constructive and regular.
　　The words used are also important. In a New York Times article
written by Dr Adam Grant， an organizational psychologist at the Wharton
School， he shares that it is “22 to 29 per cent more effective” to
encourage children with nouns than verbs， but when it comes to giving
negative feedback， it’s generally better to use verbs.
　　A parent’s feedback provides the scaffolding （腳手架） for how a
child will manage their inner monologue. Consider， as an example， a
discussion you may have with your child about their goals. Your feedback
can encourage them not just to focus on where they are now but to reflect
on how far they’ve come. This kind of feedback can spur them on to
reach the finish line.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了父母應該如何對孩
子進行有效的反饋。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了父母應該如何對孩
子進行有效的反饋。
1. Why does the author mention his experience with Toastmasters？
（　　）
A. To tell us what is good feedback.
B. To tell us to join Toastmasters.
C. To show the main function of feedback.
D. To show the necessity of proper feedback.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第二段第一句可以推斷出，作者提到
他參加Toastmasters的經歷是為了說明適當反饋的必要性。
2. Which of the following feedback is effective according to Dr Adam
Grant？（　　）
①You’re a big helper.
②You’re a poor math learner.
③You’ve been helpful this afternoon.
④You didn’t do well on this math test.
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第五段內容可知，①和④是有效
的反饋。
3. What does the underlined word “spur” in the last paragraph mean？
（　　）
A. Limit. B. Monitor.
C. Persuade. D. Inspire.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上句和畫線詞后的them on to
reach the finish line可知，畫線詞和上文的encourage意義一致。所
以，畫線詞和D項Inspire意義一致。
4. What is the best title for the passage？（　　）
A. The Way to Respond to Feedback
B. The Value of Accepting Feedback
C. How to Give Effective Feedback
D. How to Become a Better Speaker
解析： 　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了父母應該
如何對孩子進行有效的反饋。
B
　　“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey
whispers to Tori.
　　With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me
two days ago.”
　　Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happened to be yours
truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is （a）
not nice and （b） not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren’t very
different from most students here at Linton High School， including
me.Many of our conversations are gossip （閑話）.I have noticed three
effects of gossip：It can hurt people， it can give gossipers a strange kind
of satisfaction， and it can cause social pressures in a group.
　　An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person
being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic —
breakups， trouble at home， even dropping out — that a person would
rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the
juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the
absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless， but cruel lies
can cause pain.
　　If we know that gossip can be harmful， then why do so many of us
do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives
us.Sharing the latest rumor （傳言） can make a person feel important
because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly，hearing
the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.In
other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of
belonging or even superiority （優越感）.
　　Gossip can also have a third effect： It strengthens unwritten，
unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a
group.Translated into high school terms， this means that if everybody
you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，
then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the
same kind of negative attention.The dos and don’ts conveyed through
gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
　　The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time
you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to
gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了說閑話的影響，分析了
人們為什么喜歡傳閑話。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了說閑話的影響，分析了
人們為什么喜歡傳閑話。
5. Why is a conversation given at the beginning of the passage？（　　）
A. To introduce a topic.
B. To present an argument.
C. To tell a story.
D. To clarify the writing purpose.
解析： 　推理判斷題。第一、二段描述了兩個人說別人閑話的場
景。第三段敘述了說閑話這種事幾乎人人都會做。下文接著敘述說
閑話的三個影響。由此推知，文章開頭引用兩人的交談是為了引出
“說閑話”這個話題。
6. What important negative effect does gossip have？（　　）
A. Breaking up relationships.
B. Embarrassing the listeners.
C. Spreading information around.
D. Causing unpleasant experiences.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據第四段的第一句可知，流言會傷害被
談論的人。由此可推知，流言會給被談論的人帶來不愉快的經歷。
7. Why do many people like to gossip？（　　）
A. It gives them a feeling of pleasure.
B. It helps them make more friends.
C. It makes them better at telling stories.
D. It enables them to meet important people.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第五段中的The answer lies in another
effect of gossip： the satisfaction it gives us.可知，散播流言能給人
帶來滿足感，即快樂的感覺。
8. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can 　　　　.（　　）
A. provide students with written rules
B. make people watch their own behaviour
C. force school to improve student handbooks
D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviour
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第六段中的Professor David Wilson
explains that gossip is important in policing behaviour in a group.可
知，流言在管理群體行為方面很重要。
C
　　So many things can keep you from seeing your loved ones in
person， from busy schedules to long distances. Fortunately， thanks to
modern technology， the people you miss are often only a phone call or a
text message away. According to science， if you want to feel more
connected to the people you’re talking to， you should call them instead
of texting.
　　In a study， researchers did various experiments. In one， they
asked 200 people to imagine what it would be like to reconnect with an old
friend by email or by phone， and they asked people to do one or the other
at random. Although people thought that a phone call would be more
mortifying， it actually made the experience better. “People reported
they did form a stronger bond with their old friends on the phone versus
email， and they did not feel uncomfortable，” co-author Amit Kumar
said.
　　In another experiment， researchers had strangers connect by
texting， talking over video chat， or talking using only audio （音頻）.
They found that both forms of voice communication — whether video or
audio only — made the strangers feel more connected than when they
communicated via text.
　　Sabrina Romanoff， a psychologist， says people tend to text instead
of calling because of convenience， as they can organize information
exactly in the way they intend without unexpected additions by the other
person.
　　Romanoff says that in reality， texting can make it hard to determine
the true meaning behind a conversation. “A phone call is actually more
convenient considering the effects of the message，” she explains.
“Each part is more present， and therefore， it is able to figure out the
meaning behind the conversation quickly without thinking of the endless
possible meanings behind words.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，如果想和交談的人感覺
更親近，應該給他們打電話而不是發短信。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，如果想和交談的人感覺
更親近，應該給他們打電話而不是發短信。
9. What does the underlined word “mortifying” in Paragraph 2 mean？
（　　）
A. Puzzling. B. Exciting.
C. Embarrassing. D. Satisfying.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。根據Although可知，主從句之間為讓步關
系，結合下文it actually made the experience better以及they did not
feel uncomfortable可知，盡管人們認為打電話會讓人更難堪，但實
際上這讓體驗變得更好。所以畫線詞的意思是“令人尷尬的”。
10. What advantage does a phone call have over an email according to the
study？（　　）
A. It takes more patience.
B. It brings people closer.
C. It proves more relaxing.
D. It makes people more friendly.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段中的They found that both
forms ...they communicated via text.可知，根據這項研究，打電
話比發電子郵件有優勢是因為它拉近了人們的距離。
11. Why do people consider texting convenient？（　　）
A. They can make themselves clear without being disturbed.
B. They would easily keep the messages for future use.
C. They can freely express their good or bad feelings.
D. They would avoid some unpleasant topics.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第四段中的as they can organize
information ...by the other person可知，人們認為發短信很方便是
因為他們可以在不被打擾的情況下把自己的意思表達清楚。
12. What can we infer from Romanoff’s words in the last paragraph？
（　　）
A. It is easy to express one’s meaning through texting.
B. It is necessary to guess the meaning behind words.
C. People can understand each other more easily by phone calls.
D. People should use simple words to express themselves in emails.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的it is able to figure
out ...possible meanings behind words可知，人們可以通過電話更
容易地相互理解。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Talking to Teens About Friendships
　　Parents can’t choose their teenagers’ friends or control their
friendships.13.（　　） Here are some of the most important things
about friendships that parents should share with their teens.
　　Authentic （真實的） Connection
　　The best teen friendships allow teenagers to speak honestly and
openly about how they are feeling.14.（　　） This kind of authentic
connection will support them during adolescence （青春期） and beyond.
　　The Power of Listening
　　Friendships depend on listening as well as sharing.Strong teen
friendships depend on listening closely and responding with
encouragement and positive feedback.
　　 Friendships Change
15. （　　） People change as they grow up， and then they may
grow apart.Parents can encourage teens to think about the qualities that are
important to them in a relationship.Friendships are more likely to last
when teens have similar values， and want the same things out of the
relationship.
　　
　　Conflict （矛盾） Is Natural
It’s normal for teens to have fights and disagreements.16.（　　）
Teen friendships help adolescents learn how to deal with conflict and how
to recognize what they could do differently.Moreover， they learn how
important it is to say “I’m sorry.” and also how important it is to
pardon the other person.
　　In conclusion， teen friendships matter — a lot.17.（　　） By
sharing， parents can not only help their teens win true friends， but also
improve their parent-child relationships.
A. It can help friends stay calm.
B. Not all teen friendships last forever.
C. Parents should listen to what they say patiently.
D. They’re a huge part of growing into adulthood.
E. But that doesn’t mean the friendship has to end.
F. Moreover， they can do so without fear of being judged.
G. But they can talk to their teens about what friendship should feel like.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了父母應該告訴青少年關
于友情的一些事情。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了父母應該告訴青少年關
于友情的一些事情。
13. G　上文指出家長不能操控青少年的友情，下文介紹了父母應該
告訴青少年關于友情的一些事情。由此可知，設空處與上文內容形成
轉折關系，且與家長和孩子就交友方面進行溝通有關，故G項符合語
境。G項中的they指代上文中的Parents， their teens呼應上文中的their
teenagers， friendship呼應上文中的friends和friendships。
14. F　本部分指出友情是一種真實的聯系。F項與空前一句對這種真
實的聯系作出了解釋：讓青少年開誠布公地說出自己的感受，且不用
擔心被評價。F項中的they指代上文中的teenagers， do so指代上文中
的speak honestly and openly about how they are feeling。
15. B　B項（并不是所有的青少年友情都能天長地久）呼應本部分小
標題Friendships Change，符合語境。B項中的teen， friendships， last
與下文中的teens， Friendships， last是原詞復現關系。
16. E　本部分指出青少年之間有矛盾很正常，青少年的友情可以幫
助他們學會如何化解矛盾、諒解對方。由此可知，即使青少年之間有
了爭執，也并不意味著友情會結束，故E項符合語境。E項中的that指
代上文中的have fights and disagreements。
17. D　本段是全文總結段，指出友情在青少年生活中很重要。根據
空前一句可知，設空處應該與青少年友情的重要性有關，D項（它們
是邁向成年的重要部分）符合語境。D項中的They指代上文中的teen
friendships。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你校正在組織英語作文比賽。請以My Best Friend為題，寫一
篇短文參賽，內容包括：
　　1. 簡要介紹你最喜歡的朋友；
　　2. 說明你喜歡他/她的原因；
　　3. 朋友在我們生活中的重要性。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為 80 左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
My Best Friend
參考范文：
My Best Friend
　　It’s true that everyone has his or her best friend.My best friend is Li
Ping， who is a lively and easy-going girl in my class.Not only does she
do well in her academic subjects， but she is also ready to help others.
　　Undoubtedly， what brings us together are common interests and
hobbies.There are two things that we enjoy doing together： reading
literary works and listening to classical music.More importantly， we
share similar views on life and the world around us.
　　As emotional creatures， we human beings need family affection as
well as friendship.Without friends， our lives would be like a wild desert.
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