資源簡(jiǎn)介

Section Ⅱ　Using language
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
品句填詞
1.It is a non-profit organization whose 　　　　　　（使命） is to provide medical care to those affected by disasters.
2.The couple walked along the only path which 　　　　　　（延伸） as far as the riverside.
3.To build the famous 　　　　　　（皇家的） garden， the Qing government invested lots of manpower and physical resources in it.
4.People who do not smoke have less potential to suffer from lung 　　　　　　（癌癥） than those who do so.
5.Some 　　　　　　（疾病） broke out during that time， sometimes even leading to death.
6.As we know， the marriage without 　　　　　　（登記） is not recognised by the law.
7.The girl is very 　　　　　　（敏感的） to what others think of her and easily annoyed by their comments.
8.To be frank， without my English teacher’s encouragement and 　　　　　　　（幫助）， I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English.
9.There has still been no official c　　　　　　 of the report， so we don’t know if it is true.
10.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school， Wilson never h　　　　　　 to buy them a meal.
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1.　　　　　　　　　　　　on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上激動(dòng)的表情表明他通過(guò)了考試。
2.Hearing 　　　　　　　　　　　　， we all felt proud of our country.
聽到這個(gè)令人鼓舞的消息，我們都為我們的國(guó)家感到驕傲。
3.The majority of the visitors liked the new picture 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
大多數(shù)參觀者都很喜歡這位年輕人畫的那幅新畫。
4.Teenagers 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　tend to have bad academic performance.
沉迷于智能手機(jī)的青少年往往學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不佳。
5.His book 　　　　　　　　　　　next month is based on a true story.
他下個(gè)月出版的書是根據(jù)一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事寫成的。
6.He sat there， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
他坐在那里，仰望著升起的太陽(yáng)。
7.The club’s annual conference 　　　　　　　　turned out to be successful.
上周舉行的俱樂(lè)部年會(huì)很成功。
8.We planned to have our picnic in the forest 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我們計(jì)劃在森林里一棵倒下的樹旁邊進(jìn)行野餐。
9.With the help of the firemen，they were able 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
在消防員的幫助下，他們得以從燃燒的房子中逃出。
10.I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
我寫信請(qǐng)求您就我們的英語(yǔ)短劇給予我們幫助，該短劇改編自我們的英語(yǔ)課文。
維度三：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
　　In the modern workplace， the 1.　　　　　　 （adopt） principles of games are now playing an important role in successfully building teams of problem solvers.
　　HackerRank is a company 2.　　　　　　 （hire） to set a series of programming challenges and competitions for promising employees.
　　“What we do is give people the opportunity to connect with any company on the planet by offering a set of challenges that apply the skills 3.　　　　　　　 （require） for a job there，” says Vivek Ravisankar， HackerRank’s co-founder.“Some companies have introduced computer games into the hiring process in order to test interviewees’ skills.It’s only a matter of time before this becomes a widely 4.　　　　　　 （accept） way of thinking.”
　　These principles are now being introduced to schools， too.While there has been much criticism of the time 5.　　　　　　 （spend） in front of screens， many experts believe that some games of 6.　　　　　　 （advance） technology can help young people unlock their creative characters， and give them more practicable life lessons for the future than traditional subjects.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When you buy something for yourself， you probably spend hours shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product.Some of you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a company.However， when we donate money to one of the countless charities out there， most of us don’t conduct such research.We have absolutely no idea about where that money goes to， what it buys or who it helps.At least that is the case for the majority of charities.Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your charitable donations take， because many of them may lead to dead ends.
　　You really should ask the question： Will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause？ Sometimes it makes matters worse.For example， many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities.Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60，000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa.However， today 40% of those have failed to work at some point.They have been left there， like expensive but useless decorations.
　　One of the least effective means of giving is when charity sends endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped nations.For instance， Kenya imports more than 100，000 tons of clothes from global charities each year.The issue is that these mountains of regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile industries， which have previously supported local economies.
　　Ultimately， to whom and how much you give is your choice.It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods.As a general rule of thumb， the more your donation matches the need of the receivers， the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.
1.What do most people do when they donate？（　　）
A.They keep track of their donations. B.They neglect the process of charities.
C.They select products of highest quality. D.They do research on application of funds.
2.Why is the example of water pumps mentioned in Paragraph 2？（　　）
A.To stress effective giving.
B.To illustrate a fault investment.
C.To confirm a charitable failure.
D.To complain the pumps’ quality.
3.Which view will the author most probably agree with？（　　）
A.Donations should meet local demands.
B.Ineffective charities must be abandoned.
C.Material goods can boost textile industries.
D.Specialized services turn out satisfactory.
4.Which is the best title for the passage？（　　）
A.Has Your Donation Hit a Dead End？
B.Why Should You Make a Donation？
C.Where Does My Donation Take Its Way？
D.Will My Donation to Charity Really Help？
B
　　Erin Alexander， who was suffering from the loss of her relative， was having a hard day. However， her day took an unexpected turn when she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup： “Madam，” the waitress had written next to a heart， “your heart is golden.” The small and unexpected act moved her deeply， brightening the rest of her day.
　　New research confirms the great influence of experiences like Ms Alexander’s. Researchers found people who perform an unplanned act of kindness tend to undervalue how much the receiver will appreciate it. This could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
　　In a recent experiment， 84 participants （參與者） were given a hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the receiver on a scale （等級(jí)） from 0 to 10， and how the receiver would rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to report how they actually felt using the same scale.
　　It turned out that the people doing the kind thing always undervalued the importance of their actions. While they thought they were offering something small， the receivers considered it more meaningful because someone had done something nice for them.
　　Despite longing for kindness， many people feel awkward at the thought of being kind. The “l(fā)ittle inner voice” often leads them to question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back.
　　But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results； it can lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of performing unplanned kind acts， start by thinking about what you are interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others.
5.How did Erin Alexander feel after reading the message？（　　）
A.Calm.　　　　 B.Puzzled.
C.Warmed.　 D.Anxious.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A.The rule of the experiment.
B.The process of the experiment.
C.The purpose of the experiment.
D.The result of the experiment.
7.What may prevent people performing kindness according to the text？（　　）
A.A mix of fears.
B.Coldness from others.
C.High expectations of others.
D.Voices from the public.
8.What does the author suggest readers do？（　　）
A.Think twice before helping.
B.Value kindness from others.
C.Find ways to change habits.
D.Take action to offer kindness.
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her interested in books.A librarian， she 　9　 to her three children every day.When Williams， now 54， became an elementary school teacher in Danville， Virginia， she wanted her students to 　10　 with reading just as she had.
　　But early on， she realized that some kids had limited 　11　 to books.To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give kids books.In 2017， as part of a civic event called Engage Danville， she 　13　 900 used children’s books over three days， and people were 　14　 with that.“I was like， ‘Anybody could do that’，” she told ， a local news site.“I wanted to do something that’s going to 　15　 my faith， my work ethic， my everything.” So she raised the number considerably by setting a new goal for herself： Give away one million books.It sounds like an 　16　 number.　17　， she got to work， first by persuading friends to give away books or money to buy books.Before long， as 　18　 of Williams’s project spread， strangers started leaving bundles of books on her front porch （門廊）.As quickly as the books come in， Williams gives them to local schools — free of 　19　 — and also 　20　 books to little free libraries around the city of 41，000 just over the North Carolina border.She also 　21　 a book club for those in the local prison.In the four years she’s been doing all this， the Book Lady， as Williams has come to be known， has given away more than 78，000 books — only 922，000 more to reach her 　22　！
　　And she’s not slowing down.Giving books away is too 　23　 for kids with few options.“Reading can take you anywhere，” she told CNN.“You can travel in time and space.If you can read， you can learn almost anything.”
9.（　）A.showed　　 B.responded
C.performed　 D.read
10.（　）A.fall in love　 B.come up
C.catch up　 D.get along
11.（　）A.ability　 B.accuracy
C.access　 D.account
12.（　）A.key　 B.deal
C.promise　 D.solution
13.（　）A.covered　 B.bought
C.donated　 D.delivered
14.（　）A.strict　 B.satisfied
C.familiar　 D.honest
15.（　）A.ensure　 B.continue
C.balance　 D.challenge
16.（　）A.unreachable　 B.unbearable
C.unlucky　 D.undefined
17.（　）A.Moreover　 B.Thus
C.However　 D.Otherwise
18.（　）A.information　 B.disease
C.rumor　 D.news
19.（　）A.tax　 B.charge
C.damage　 D.interest
20.（　）A.attaches　 B.accompanies
C.supplies　 D.introduces
21.（　）A.sets up　 B.puts away
C.takes up　 D.gives away
22.（　）A.judgement　 B.conclusion
C.level　 D.target
23.（　）A.usual　 B.important
C.interesting　 D.amazing
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Deeply 24.　　　　　　　 （affect） by her mother’s death， Lin Qiaozhi chose to study medicine instead of following the path of 25.　　　　　　 （marry） like the majority of girls.Her brother complained 26.　　　　　　 the high tuition fees.She responded， “I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
　　After graduating with the Wenhai Scholarship， Lin became 27.　　　　　　 first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician.When studying abroad， she 28.　　　　　　 （reject） the offer from her American colleagues.She wanted 29.　　　　　 （serve） the women and children at home.
　　When the department 30.　　　　　　 she worked was closed because of the war， she opened a private clinic and charged very low fees.
　　She held many important 31.　　　　　　 （position）.However， she was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research， and training new doctors.
Having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime， she 32.　　　　　 （know） as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.Dr Lin did not retire until the day when she died， 33.　　　　　　 （leave） her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)
維度一
1.mission　2.extended　3.royal　4.cancer 　5.diseases
6.registration　7.sensitive　8.assistance　9.confirmation
10.hesitates
維度二
1.The excited look
2.the encouraging news
3.drawn by the young man
4.addicted to their smartphones
5.to be published
6.looking up at the risen sun
7.held last week
8.next to a fallen tree
9.to escape from the burning house
10.adapted from our English text
維度三
1.adopted　2.hired　3.required　4.accepted　5.spent　6.advanced
素養(yǎng)能力提升
Ⅰ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)該切實(shí)符合被捐贈(zèng)者的需要，這才算是真正有幫助的捐助。
1.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的We have absolutely no idea about ...or who it helps.可知，許多人捐款的時(shí)候并沒(méi)有研究捐的錢去了哪里，買了什么，幫了誰(shuí)，即忽視了慈善的過(guò)程。
2.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Sometimes it makes matters worse.及后面慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助非洲人安裝水泵的例子可知，作者是用這個(gè)例子來(lái)證實(shí)有些慈善捐款的失敗結(jié)果。
3.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a general rule of thumb ... the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.可知，在作者看來(lái)，捐款應(yīng)該滿足接受者的需求。
4.D　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)該切實(shí)符合被捐贈(zèng)者的需要才算是真正有幫助的捐助。因此D項(xiàng)（我的捐款真的有用嗎？）為本文最佳標(biāo)題。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)做善事的人往往會(huì)低估受助者的感激程度，這種誤判可能會(huì)阻礙許多人做好事，研究人員希望研究結(jié)果可以鼓舞更多人做好事。
5.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，Erin Alexander看完這條留言后感到很溫暖。
6.B　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要描述整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程。
7.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，多種擔(dān)憂和害怕可能會(huì)阻止人們行善。
8.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者建議讀者采取行動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)善意。
Ⅱ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Jennifer Williams捐贈(zèng)圖書的故事。
9.D　根據(jù)上文It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her interested in books.可知，此處表示她每天給她的三個(gè)孩子讀書。
10.A　根據(jù)空后just as she had可知，此處指她想讓她的學(xué)生像她一樣愛(ài)上讀書。
11.C　根據(jù)下文To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give kids books.可知，此處指一些學(xué)生的閱讀機(jī)會(huì)很有限，即接觸書籍的機(jī)會(huì)有限。
12.D　上文指出她意識(shí)到了學(xué)生沒(méi)有書讀的問(wèn)題，因而想到了給孩子們書這個(gè)方法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。
13.C　根據(jù)下文So she raised the number considerably by setting a new goal for herself： Give away one million books.可知，此處表示捐贈(zèng)。
14.B　她在三天內(nèi)捐贈(zèng)了900本書，故大部分人都會(huì)對(duì)此感到滿意。
15.B　根據(jù)上文可知，她喜歡讀書，并想要學(xué)生們也愛(ài)上讀書，所以捐贈(zèng)了大量圖書，故此處指她想要做一些能延伸信仰的事情。
16.A　根據(jù)上文one million可知，這個(gè)數(shù)字太龐大，聽起來(lái)遙不可及，像是無(wú)法達(dá)到的。
17.C　根據(jù)上下文可知，雖然數(shù)目很大，但是她還是開始行動(dòng)起來(lái)，因此此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
18.D　根據(jù)本句中的spread可知，此處表示消息傳播開了。
19.B　根據(jù)上文give away可知，她要無(wú)償捐贈(zèng)圖書，故此處指免費(fèi)送給當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校。短語(yǔ)free of charge表示“免費(fèi)”。
20.C　根據(jù)空后books to little free libraries可知，此處指給那些小型圖書館提供書籍。
21.A　根據(jù)本句中的a book club可知，Williams給當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)獄的犯人建立了圖書俱樂(lè)部。
22.D　她已捐贈(zèng)78，000多本書，她的捐書量還差922，000才能達(dá)到她定的100萬(wàn)本的目標(biāo)。
23.B　根據(jù)下一句可知，閱讀有很多好處，對(duì)于沒(méi)有太多選擇的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)非常重要。
Ⅲ.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名兒童醫(yī)生林巧稚的生平經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)作出的貢獻(xiàn)。
24.affected　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中chose為謂語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。affect與Lin Qiaozhi之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故使用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填affected。
25.marriage　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用名詞。此處泛指抽象意義的婚姻，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填marriage。
26.about　考查介詞。complain about sth抱怨某事。故填about。
27.the　考查冠詞。表示特指“歷史上第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)生的女性”，應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。
28.rejected　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，此處表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填rejected。
29.to serve　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。want to do sth想要做某事。故填to serve。
30.where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞department，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where。
31.positions　考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ)。position意為“職務(wù)”，由many可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填positions。
32.was known　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)， know與she之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)句子表述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)為she，故填was known。
33.leaving　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中retire為謂語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞leave和邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填leaving。
5 / 6Section Ⅱ　Using language
過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)
①In Uganda，Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.
②As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
③The lost time can never be found again.
④We were told we would meet at given time and place.
⑤The student dressed in white is my daughter.
⑥The movie called Ad Astra was famous for its special techniques.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1.例句①③④中黑體部分為　　　　的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常常放在被修飾名詞的　　　　；例句②⑤⑥中黑體部分為　　　　　　　　作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的　　　　。
2.黑體部分表示被動(dòng)意義的有句　　　　；表示完成意義的有句　　　　；表示被動(dòng)完成的有句　　　　；表示狀態(tài)的有句　　　　。
一、過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置
1.前置定語(yǔ)
一般情況下，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之前。
Many used computers will be sold in this market.
很多二手電腦將在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)出售。
名師點(diǎn)津
有些過(guò)去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)也可放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left （剩余的），given （所給的），concerned （有關(guān)的）等。
There’s little time left.Let’s hurry up.
剩余的時(shí)間不多了，我們快點(diǎn)吧。
2.后置定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是一位受學(xué)生愛(ài)戴的老師。
The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
十年前出版的這本書現(xiàn)在仍然是一本暢銷書。
二、過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義
1.及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成，即被修飾詞通常是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照顧。
Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.
大多數(shù)大學(xué)現(xiàn)在給大一學(xué)生提供一門專門設(shè)計(jì)的課程來(lái)幫助他們?cè)趯W(xué)術(shù)和個(gè)人發(fā)展上獲得成功。
2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀著。
Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.
許多小孩子喜歡在庭院里收集落葉。
名師點(diǎn)津
過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)法功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句
Tsinghua University， founded（＝which was founded） in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding people.
清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是許多名人的母校。
As we all know， America is a developed country （＝a country which/that is developed）.
眾所周知，美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
【即時(shí)演練1】　根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子
①You can put the books in the 　　　　　　　　　　（指定的地方）， so others can have free access to them.
②In the 　　　　　　　　　（受損的房子）， the firefighters saved a lot of injured people.
③Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a 　　　　　　　　　　　　（滿意的微笑） at last.
④They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem 　　　　　　　　　　　（每人熟知的）.
⑤To solve the problem， we should meet the demands 　　　　　　　　　　　　（顧客提出的）.
⑥The players 　　　　　　　　　 （選自全國(guó)的） are expected to bring us honour in this coming Olympic Games.
三、不同非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
類別 形式 意義
動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ) doing 表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)
being done 表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) done 表示被動(dòng)、完成或者被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ) to do 表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生
to be done 表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生
The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）
The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示動(dòng)作已完成）
The problem to be discussed at the meeting is important.（表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生）
名師點(diǎn)津
表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，常見的這類過(guò)去分詞有：disappointed（失望的），frightened（害怕的），puzzled（困惑的），shocked（震驚的）等。
【即時(shí)演練2】　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Ian has a brother 　　　　　　（work） in a bank in London and a sister 　　　　　　（study） economics at university in Manchester.
②The matter 　　　　　　（discuss） at the meeting yesterday was of great significance.
③The problem 　　　　　　　　（talk） about now has something to do with our work.
④The airport 　　　　　　　　　（complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area.
⑤The scientific advances 　　　　　　　（mention） in your article are interesting.
take up 開始從事/擔(dān)當(dāng)；拿起；接受；繼續(xù)；占用（時(shí)間）；占據(jù)（空間）；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣
【教材原句】　Since 1953， UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world， including those living with diseases or disabilities， and those affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems.
自1953年以來(lái)，聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)開始了一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)來(lái)幫助發(fā)展中國(guó)家的兒童，包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童，以及那些受快速現(xiàn)代化和環(huán)境問(wèn)題影響的兒童。
【用法】　
take away　　　　拿走；消除（感情、痛苦等） take in　　領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解；收留；欺騙；吸收 take off　　休假；脫去（衣服）；起飛；突然大受歡迎 take on　　雇用；呈現(xiàn) take over　　接管
【佳句】　Roger took painting up for a while， but soon lost interest.
羅杰有段時(shí)間喜歡上了繪畫，但很快就又沒(méi)了興趣。
【練透】　語(yǔ)境辨義
①The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. 　　　　　
②The headteacher takes up her duties in August. 　　　　　
③I’ll try not to take up much of your time. 　　　　　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④There is still two hours before our plane 　　　　　　　　， so take your time.
離我們的飛機(jī)起飛還有兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因此不用著急。
sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生氣的
【教材原句】　He’s sensitive and rather serious， which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish.他很敏感，也很嚴(yán)肅，有時(shí)會(huì)顯得有點(diǎn)書呆子氣。
【用法】　
（1）be sensitive to　　對(duì)……過(guò)敏/體貼 be sensitive about　　對(duì)……敏感的（感情上）/容易生氣的 （2）sense n.　　感官；感覺(jué)；意識(shí)；意義 vt.　　感覺(jué)到；覺(jué)察到 make sense　　講得通；有意義；合乎情理 make sense of　　弄明白，理解 There is no sense （in） doing sth 　　做某事沒(méi)有意義 （3）sensible adj.　　明智的；合理的；察覺(jué)到的
【佳句】　The headteacher must be sensitive to a child’s needs.
班主任必須對(duì)孩子的需求體察入微。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He was very sensitive 　　　　　　his scar and thought everyone was staring at him.
②There is no sense in 　　 　　　（complain）.We should take action now.
③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense 　　　　　　them at all.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Participating in activities of “Showing Loving Hearts for the Disabled” made me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
參加“愛(ài)心助殘”活動(dòng)，讓我更能理解他們的現(xiàn)狀。
generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never hesitates to help.
她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且總是毫不猶豫地幫助別人。
【用法】　
（1）be generous to sb　　對(duì)某人慷慨 be generous with sth　　在某方面大方 It’s generous of sb to do sth 　　某人做某事很慷慨 （2）generosity n.　　慷慨，大方；寬宏大量
【佳句】　Although he was not rich at that time，he was quite generous to his relatives and friends.
他那時(shí)雖然不富裕，但對(duì)他的親朋好友很慷慨。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Teachers in our school are generous 　　　　　　their time， often staying after class to help students.
②The young man is always so helpful that he treats others with 　　　　　　（generous）.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 us a helping hand when we are in trouble.
你真慷慨，在我們有困難的時(shí)候伸出了援助之手。
hesitate v.遲疑，猶豫
【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never hesitates to help.
她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且總是毫不猶豫地幫助別人。
【用法】　
（1）hesitate about/over （doing） ...　　對(duì)（做）……感到猶豫 hesitate to do sth　　遲疑做某事，不愿做某事 （2）hesitation n.　　　　猶豫，遲疑 without hesitation　　毫不猶豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth　　毫不猶豫地做某事 （3）hesitant adj.　　猶豫的，躊躇的
【佳句】　I hesitated for a moment， wondering how to hide my inner embarrassment.
我猶豫了一會(huì)兒，揣摩如何掩飾內(nèi)心的尷尬。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Without 　　　　　　（hesitate），she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child.
②People often hesitate 　　　　　　　　trying new things.
③I have no hesitation in 　　　　　　　　（recommend） Ms Li for the job.
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④If you have any questions related to our course to ask， don’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　me.
如果你有任何與我們的課程有關(guān)的問(wèn)題要問(wèn)，盡管聯(lián)系我。　（告知信）
assistance n.幫助，援助
【教材原句】　In China， volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection， disability assistance and many other fields.
在中國(guó)，志愿者們?cè)诃h(huán)境保護(hù)、殘疾人救助和很多其他領(lǐng)域也起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。
【用法】　
（1）with the assistance of ...　　 在……的幫助下 come/go to one’s assistance　　來(lái)/去幫助某人 offer/provide assistance　　提供幫助 technical assistance　　技術(shù)援助 （2）assist v.　　幫助，協(xié)助，援助 assist sb with sth　　在某方面幫助某人 assist sb to do/in doing sth　　幫助某人做某事 （3）assistant n.　　助手，助理 adj.　　有幫助的
【佳句】　 With the assistance of their father， the twins managed to make tasty breakfast.
在父親的幫助下，這對(duì)雙胞胎設(shè)法做了美味的早餐。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical 　　　　　　（assist）.
②When in Grade 1， I was elected as 　　　　　（assist） to my English teacher.
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我樂(lè)意在業(yè)余時(shí)間幫助你學(xué)習(xí)普通話。
→I am willing to 　　　　　　　　　 　　your Mandarin in my spare time.
→I am willing to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　Mandarin in my spare time.
Section Ⅱ　Using language
【重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克】
我的發(fā)現(xiàn)
1.單個(gè)　前面　過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)　后面
2.②⑥　③④　①　⑤
即時(shí)演練1
①appointed place　②damaged house　③satisfied smile　④known to everybody　⑤made by the customers
⑥selected from the whole country
即時(shí)演練2
①working； studying　②discussed　③being talked
④to be completed　⑤mentioned
【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺】
1.①繼續(xù)　②開始擔(dān)當(dāng)　③占用（時(shí)間）　④takes off
2.①about　②complaining　③of
④much more sensitive to their present situation
3.①with　②generosity　③It’s generous of you to lend
4.①hesitation　②about/over　③recommending
④hesitate to contact
5.①assistance　②assistant
③assist you with； assist you to learn/in learning
6 / 6(共84張PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Using language
1
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
目 錄
3
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
2
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
重難語(yǔ)法·要攻克
掌握核心語(yǔ)法
1
過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)
①In Uganda，Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes.
②As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the
words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African
countries couldn’t get enough clean water.
③The lost time can never be found again.
④We were told we would meet at given time and place.
⑤The student dressed in white is my daughter.
⑥The movie called Ad Astra was famous for its special techniques.
【我的發(fā)現(xiàn)】
1. 例句①③④中藍(lán)體部分為 的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，常常放在被
修飾名詞的 ；例句②⑤⑥中藍(lán)體部分為
作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)放在被修飾名詞的 。
2. 藍(lán)體部分表示被動(dòng)意義的有句 ；表示完成意義的有句
；表示被動(dòng)完成的有句 ；表示狀態(tài)的有句 。
單個(gè)　
前面　
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)　
后面　
②⑥　
③
④　
①　
⑤　
一、過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置
1. 前置定語(yǔ)
一般情況下，單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之前。
Many used computers will be sold in this market.
很多二手電腦將在這個(gè)市場(chǎng)出售。
名師點(diǎn)津
有些過(guò)去分詞表示特定含義時(shí)，單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)也可放在所修飾的名
詞之后，如left （剩余的），given （所給的），concerned （有
關(guān)的）等。
There’s little time left.Let’s hurry up.
剩余的時(shí)間不多了，我們快點(diǎn)吧。
2. 后置定語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)往往作后置定語(yǔ)，即放在所修飾詞之后，它
的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是一位受學(xué)生愛(ài)戴的老師。
The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
十年前出版的這本書現(xiàn)在仍然是一本暢銷書。
二、過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義
1. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成，即被修飾詞通常
是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受傷的工人現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院受到良好的照顧。
Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed
to help them succeed academically and personally.
大多數(shù)大學(xué)現(xiàn)在給大一學(xué)生提供一門專門設(shè)計(jì)的課程來(lái)幫助他們?cè)?br/>學(xué)術(shù)和個(gè)人發(fā)展上獲得成功。
2. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上升起的太陽(yáng)正明亮地閃耀著。
Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.
許多小孩子喜歡在庭院里收集落葉。
名師點(diǎn)津
過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，其語(yǔ)法功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句
Tsinghua University， founded（＝which was founded） in 1911， is
home to a great number of outstanding people.
清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是許多名人的母校。
As we all know， America is a developed country （＝a country
which/that is developed）.
眾所周知，美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。
【即時(shí)演練1】　根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全句子
①You can put the books in the （指定的地方），
so others can have free access to them.
②In the （受損的房子）， the firefighters saved a
lot of injured people.
③Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a
（滿意的微笑） at last.
④They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem
（每人熟知的）.
appointed place　
damaged house　
satisfied
smile　
known to
everybody　
⑤To solve the problem， we should meet the demands
（顧客提出的）.
⑥The players （選自全國(guó)的） are
expected to bring us honour in this coming Olympic Games.
made by the
customers　
selected from the whole country　
三、不同非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
類別 形式 意義
動(dòng)詞-ing形式
作定語(yǔ) doing 表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)
作或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)
being
done 表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行
過(guò)去分詞作
定語(yǔ) done 表示被動(dòng)、完成或者被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成
動(dòng)詞不定式
作定語(yǔ) to do 表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生
to be
done 表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生
The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示動(dòng)
作正在進(jìn)行）
The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示動(dòng)
作已完成）
The problem to be discussed at the meeting is important.（表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)
作將要發(fā)生）
名師點(diǎn)津
表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，常見的這類過(guò)去分詞
有：disappointed（失望的），frightened（害怕的），puzzled（困惑
的），shocked（震驚的）等。
【即時(shí)演練2】　用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
①Ian has a brother （work） in a bank in London and a
sister （study） economics at university in Manchester.
②The matter （discuss） at the meeting yesterday was of
great significance.
③The problem （talk） about now has something to do
with our work.
④The airport （complete） next year will help
promote tourism in this area.
⑤The scientific advances （mention） in your article are
interesting.
working　
studying　
discussed　
being talked　
to be completed　
mentioned　
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)·須拾遺
關(guān)注高頻詞匯
2
take up 開始從事/擔(dān)當(dāng)；拿起；接受；繼續(xù)；占用（時(shí)間）；占據(jù)
（空間）；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣
【教材原句】　Since 1953， UNICEF has taken up an extended
mission to help children in the developing world， including those living
with diseases or disabilities， and those affected by rapid modernisation
and environmental problems.
自1953年以來(lái)，聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)開始了一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)來(lái)幫助發(fā)展中
國(guó)家的兒童，包括那些患有疾病或殘疾的兒童，以及那些受快速現(xiàn)代
化和環(huán)境問(wèn)題影響的兒童。
【用法】
take away　　　　拿走；消除（感情、痛苦等）
take in　　領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解；收留；欺騙；吸收
take off　　休假；脫去（衣服）；起飛；突然大受歡迎
take on　　雇用；呈現(xiàn)
take over　　接管
【佳句】　Roger took painting up for a while， but soon lost interest.
羅杰有段時(shí)間喜歡上了繪畫，但很快就又沒(méi)了興趣。
【練透】　語(yǔ)境辨義
①The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.

②The headteacher takes up her duties in August.
③I’ll try not to take up much of your time.
繼續(xù)　
開始擔(dān)當(dāng)　
占用（時(shí)間）　
【寫美】 補(bǔ)全句子
④There is still two hours before our plane ， so take your time.
離我們的飛機(jī)起飛還有兩個(gè)小時(shí)，因此不用著急。
takes off　
sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生氣的
【教材原句】　He’s sensitive and rather serious， which sometimes
makes him appear to be a little bookish.
他很敏感，也很嚴(yán)肅，有時(shí)會(huì)顯得有點(diǎn)書呆子氣。
（1）be sensitive to　 　　　對(duì)……過(guò)敏/體貼
be sensitive about　　對(duì)……敏感的（感情上）/容易生氣的
（2）sense n.　　感官；感覺(jué)；意識(shí)；意義
vt.　　感覺(jué)到；覺(jué)察到
make sense　　講得通；有意義；合乎情理
make sense of　　弄明白，理解
There is no sense （in） doing sth 　　做某事沒(méi)有意義
（3）sensible adj.　　明智的；合理的；察覺(jué)到的
【用法】
【佳句】　The headteacher must be sensitive to a child’s needs.
班主任必須對(duì)孩子的需求體察入微。
【練透】　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①He was very sensitive his scar and thought everyone was
staring at him.
②There is no sense in （complain）.We should take
action now.
③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make
sense them at all.
about　
complaining　
of
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④Participating in activities of “Showing Loving Hearts for the
Disabled” made me .
參加“愛(ài)心助殘”活動(dòng)，讓我更能理解他們的現(xiàn)狀。
much more sensitive to their present situation　
generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and
never hesitates to help.
她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且總是毫不猶豫地幫助別人。
【用法】
（1）be generous to sb　　　對(duì)某人慷慨
be generous with sth　　在某方面大方
It’s generous of sb to do sth　　某人做某事很慷慨
（2）generosity n.　　慷慨，大方；寬宏大量
【佳句】　Although he was not rich at that time，he was quite generous
to his relatives and friends.
他那時(shí)雖然不富裕，但對(duì)他的親朋好友很慷慨。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Teachers in our school are generous their time， often staying
after class to help students.
②The young man is always so helpful that he treats others
with （generous）.
with　
generosity　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
③ us a helping hand when we are in
trouble.
你真慷慨，在我們有困難的時(shí)候伸出了援助之手。
It’s generous of you to lend　
hesitate v.遲疑，猶豫
【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never
hesitates to help.
她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且總是毫不猶豫地幫助別人。
（1）hesitate about/over （doing） ...　對(duì)（做）……感到猶豫
hesitate to do sth　　遲疑做某事，不愿做某事
（2）hesitation n.　　猶豫，遲疑
without hesitation　　毫不猶豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth　　毫不猶豫地做某事
（3）hesitant adj.　　猶豫的，躊躇的
【用法】
【佳句】　I hesitated for a moment， wondering how to hide my inner
embarrassment.
我猶豫了一會(huì)兒，揣摩如何掩飾內(nèi)心的尷尬。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Without （hesitate），she leapt into the water and saved
the drowning child.
②People often hesitate trying new things.
③I have no hesitation in （recommend） Ms Li for
the job.
hesitation　
about/over　
recommending　
【寫美】　補(bǔ)全句子
④If you have any questions related to our course to ask，
don’t me.
如果你有任何與我們的課程有關(guān)的問(wèn)題要問(wèn)，盡管聯(lián)系我。　
（告知信）
hesitate to contact　
assistance n.幫助，援助
【教材原句】　In China， volunteers are also playing an increasingly
important role in environmental protection， disability assistance and
many other fields.
在中國(guó)，志愿者們?cè)诃h(huán)境保護(hù)、殘疾人救助和很多其他領(lǐng)域也起著越
來(lái)越重要的作用。
（1）with the assistance of ...　　　在……的幫助下
come/go to one’s assistance　　來(lái)/去幫助某人
offer/provide assistance　　提供幫助
technical assistance　　技術(shù)援助
（2）assist v.　　幫助，協(xié)助，援助
assist sb with sth　　在某方面幫助某人
assist sb to do/in doing sth　　幫助某人做某事
（3）assistant n.　　助手，助理
adj.　　有幫助的
【用法】
【佳句】　 With the assistance of their father， the twins managed to
make tasty breakfast.
在父親的幫助下，這對(duì)雙胞胎設(shè)法做了美味的早餐。
【練透】　 單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need
medical （assist）.
②When in Grade 1， I was elected as （assist） to my
English teacher.
assistance　
assistant　
【寫美】　一句多譯
③我樂(lè)意在業(yè)余時(shí)間幫助你學(xué)習(xí)普通話。
→I am willing to your Mandarin in my spare time.
→I am willing to Mandarin in my spare
time.
assist you with　
assist you to learn/in learning　
課時(shí)檢測(cè)·提能力
培育學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
3
維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練
品句填詞
1. It is a non-profit organization whose （使命） is to
provide medical care to those affected by disasters.
2. The couple walked along the only path which （延伸）
as far as the riverside.
mission　
extended　
3. To build the famous （皇家的） garden， the Qing
government invested lots of manpower and physical resources in it.
4. People who do not smoke have less potential to suffer from
lung （癌癥） than those who do so.
5. Some （疾病） broke out during that time， sometimes
even leading to death.
6. As we know， the marriage without （登記） is not
recognised by the law.
royal　
cancer　
diseases　
registration　
7. The girl is very （敏感的） to what others think of her
and easily annoyed by their comments.
8. To be frank， without my English teacher’s encouragement
and （幫助）， I wouldn’t have made such great
progress in English.
9. There has still been no official c of the report， so we
don’t know if it is true.
10. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school，
Wilson never h to buy them a meal.
sensitive　
assistance　
onfirmation　
esitates　
維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫作
補(bǔ)全句子
1. on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.
他臉上激動(dòng)的表情表明他通過(guò)了考試。
2. Hearing ， we all felt proud of our country.
聽到這個(gè)令人鼓舞的消息，我們都為我們的國(guó)家感到驕傲。
3. The majority of the visitors liked the new picture
.
大多數(shù)參觀者都很喜歡這位年輕人畫的那幅新畫。
The excited look
the encouraging news　
drawn by the young
man　
4. Teenagers tend to have bad academic
performance.
沉迷于智能手機(jī)的青少年往往學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)不佳。
5. His book next month is based on a true story.
他下個(gè)月出版的書是根據(jù)一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事寫成的。
6. He sat there， .
他坐在那里，仰望著升起的太陽(yáng)。
7. The club’s annual conference turned out to be
successful.
上周舉行的俱樂(lè)部年會(huì)很成功。
addicted to their smartphones　
to be published　
looking up at the risen sun　
held last week　
8. We planned to have our picnic in the forest .
我們計(jì)劃在森林里一棵倒下的樹旁邊進(jìn)行野餐。
9. With the help of the firemen，they were able
.
在消防員的幫助下，他們得以從燃燒的房子中逃出。
10. I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short
play .
我寫信請(qǐng)求您就我們的英語(yǔ)短劇給予我們幫助，該短劇改編自我
們的英語(yǔ)課文。
next to a fallen tree　
to escape from the
burning house　
adapted from our English text　
維度三：語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)篇
用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面短文。
　　In the modern workplace， the 1. （adopt） principles
of games are now playing an important role in successfully building teams
of problem solvers.
　　HackerRank is a company 2. （hire） to set a series of
programming challenges and competitions for promising employees.
adopted　
hired　
　　“What we do is give people the opportunity to connect with any
company on the planet by offering a set of challenges that apply the skills
3. （require） for a job there，” says Vivek Ravisankar，
HackerRank’s co-founder.“Some companies have introduced computer
games into the hiring process in order to test interviewees’ skills.It’s
only a matter of time before this becomes a widely 4.
（accept） way of thinking.”
required　
accepted　
　　These principles are now being introduced to schools， too.While
there has been much criticism of the time 5. （spend） in front
of screens， many experts believe that some games of 6.
（advance） technology can help young people unlock their creative
characters， and give them more practicable life lessons for the future than
traditional subjects.
spent　
advanced　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　When you buy something for yourself， you probably spend hours
shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product.Some of
you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a
company.However， when we donate money to one of the countless
charities out there， most of us don’t conduct such research.We have
absolutely no idea about where that money goes to， what it buys or who it
helps.At least that is the case for the majority of charities.Perhaps you
should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your
charitable donations take， because many of them may lead to dead ends.
　　You really should ask the question： Will my donation to this charity
actually help the people or cause？ Sometimes it makes matters worse.For
example， many charities help African people install water pumps to
deliver clean water to their communities.Money has been invested over
the past 20 years to install a total of 60，000 pumps across sub-Saharan
Africa.However， today 40％ of those have failed to work at some
point.They have been left there， like expensive but useless decorations.
　　One of the least effective means of giving is when charity sends
endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped
nations.For instance， Kenya imports more than 100，000 tons of clothes
from global charities each year.The issue is that these mountains of
regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile
industries， which have previously supported local economies.
　　Ultimately， to whom and how much you give is your choice.It is
important to provide highly specialized services instead of material
goods.As a general rule of thumb， the more your donation matches the
need of the receivers， the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of
those you want to help.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)該切
實(shí)符合被捐贈(zèng)者的需要，這才算是真正有幫助的捐助。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)該切
實(shí)符合被捐贈(zèng)者的需要，這才算是真正有幫助的捐助。
1. What do most people do when they donate？（　　）
A. They keep track of their donations.
B. They neglect the process of charities.
C. They select products of highest quality.
D. They do research on application of funds.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的We have absolutely no idea
about ...or who it helps.可知，許多人捐款的時(shí)候并沒(méi)有研究捐的
錢去了哪里，買了什么，幫了誰(shuí)，即忽視了慈善的過(guò)程。
2. Why is the example of water pumps mentioned in Paragraph 2？
（　　）
A. To stress effective giving.
B. To illustrate a fault investment.
C. To confirm a charitable failure.
D. To complain the pumps’ quality.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Sometimes it makes matters
worse.及后面慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助非洲人安裝水泵的例子可知，作者是用
這個(gè)例子來(lái)證實(shí)有些慈善捐款的失敗結(jié)果。
3. Which view will the author most probably agree with？（　　）
A. Donations should meet local demands.
B. Ineffective charities must be abandoned.
C. Material goods can boost textile industries.
D. Specialized services turn out satisfactory.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的As a general rule of
thumb ... the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.可知，
在作者看來(lái)，捐款應(yīng)該滿足接受者的需求。
4. Which is the best title for the passage？（　　）
A. Has Your Donation Hit a Dead End？
B. Why Should You Make a Donation？
C. Where Does My Donation Take Its Way？
D. Will My Donation to Charity Really Help？
解析： 　標(biāo)題歸納題。文章主要討論的是慈善捐助應(yīng)該切實(shí)符合
被捐贈(zèng)者的需要才算是真正有幫助的捐助。因此D項(xiàng)（我的捐款真
的有用嗎？）為本文最佳標(biāo)題。
B
　　Erin Alexander， who was suffering from the loss of her relative，
was having a hard day. However， her day took an unexpected turn when
she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup：
“Madam，” the waitress had written next to a heart， “your heart is
golden.” The small and unexpected act moved her deeply， brightening
the rest of her day.
　　New research confirms the great influence of experiences like Ms
Alexander’s. Researchers found people who perform an unplanned act of
kindness tend to undervalue how much the receiver will appreciate it. This
could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
　　In a recent experiment， 84 participants （參與者） were given a
hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could
keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their
drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the
receiver on a scale （等級(jí)） from 0 to 10， and how the receiver would
rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to
report how they actually felt using the same scale.
　　It turned out that the people doing the kind thing always undervalued
the importance of their actions. While they thought they were offering
something small， the receivers considered it more meaningful because
someone had done something nice for them.
　　Despite longing for kindness， many people feel awkward at the
thought of being kind. The “l(fā)ittle inner voice” often leads them to
question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will
make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back.
　　But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results； it can
lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of
performing unplanned kind acts， start by thinking about what you are
interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)做善事的人往
往會(huì)低估受助者的感激程度，這種誤判可能會(huì)阻礙許多人做好事，
研究人員希望研究結(jié)果可以鼓舞更多人做好事。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨機(jī)做善事的人往
往會(huì)低估受助者的感激程度，這種誤判可能會(huì)阻礙許多人做好事，
研究人員希望研究結(jié)果可以鼓舞更多人做好事。
5. How did Erin Alexander feel after reading the message？（　　）
A. Calm. B. Puzzled.
C. Warmed. D. Anxious.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，Erin Alexander
看完這條留言后感到很溫暖。
6. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　）
A. The rule of the experiment.
B. The process of the experiment.
C. The purpose of the experiment.
D. The result of the experiment.
解析： 　段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要描述整個(gè)
實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程。
7. What may prevent people performing kindness according to the text？
（　　）
A. A mix of fears.
B. Coldness from others.
C. High expectations of others.
D. Voices from the public.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，多種擔(dān)憂和害怕
可能會(huì)阻止人們行善。
8. What does the author suggest readers do？（　　）
A. Think twice before helping.
B. Value kindness from others.
C. Find ways to change habits.
D. Take action to offer kindness.
解析： 　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，作者建議讀者采
取行動(dòng)來(lái)表達(dá)善意。
Ⅱ.完形填空
　　It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her interested in books.A
librarian， she 　9　 to her three children every day.When Williams，
now 54， became an elementary school teacher in Danville， Virginia，
she wanted her students to 　10　 with reading just as she had.
　　But early on， she realized that some kids had limited 　11　 to
books.To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give kids books.In
2017， as part of a civic event called Engage Danville， she 　13　 900
used children’s books over three days， and people were 　14　 with
that.“I was like， ‘Anybody could do that’，” she told
， a local news site.“I wanted to do something that’s
going to 　15　 my faith， my work ethic， my everything.” So she
raised the number considerably by setting a new goal for herself： Give
away one million books.It sounds like an 　16　 number. 　
17　， she got to work， first by persuading friends to give away books
or money to buy books.Before long， as 　18　 of Williams’s project
spread， strangers started leaving bundles of books on her front porch
（門廊）.As quickly as the books come in， Williams gives them to local
schools — free of 　19　 — and also 　20　 books to little free libraries
around the city of 41，000 just over the North Carolina border.She
also 　21　 a book club for those in the local prison.In the four years
she’s been doing all this， the Book Lady， as Williams has come to be
known， has given away more than 78，000 books — only 922，000
more to reach her 　22　！
　　And she’s not slowing down.Giving books away is too 　23　 for
kids with few options.“Reading can take you anywhere，” she told
CNN. “You can travel in time and space.If you can read， you can learn
almost anything.”
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Jennifer Williams捐贈(zèng)圖
書的故事。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Jennifer Williams捐贈(zèng)圖
書的故事。
9. A. showed B. responded
C. performed D. read
解析： 　根據(jù)上文It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her
interested in books.可知，此處表示她每天給她的三個(gè)孩子讀書。
10. A. fall in love B. come up
C. catch up D. get along
解析： 　根據(jù)空后just as she had可知，此處指她想讓她的學(xué)生像
她一樣愛(ài)上讀書。
11. A. ability B. accuracy
C. access D. account
解析： 　根據(jù)下文To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give
kids books.可知，此處指一些學(xué)生的閱讀機(jī)會(huì)很有限，即接觸書
籍的機(jī)會(huì)有限。
12. A. key B. deal C. promise D. solution
解析： 　上文指出她意識(shí)到了學(xué)生沒(méi)有書讀的問(wèn)題，因而想到
了給孩子們書這個(gè)方法來(lái)解決問(wèn)題。
13. A. covered B. bought
C. donated D. delivered
解析： 　根據(jù)下文So she raised the number considerably by setting
a new goal for herself： Give away one million books.可知，此處表
示捐贈(zèng)。
14. A. strict B. satisfied
C. familiar D. honest
解析： 　她在三天內(nèi)捐贈(zèng)了900本書，故大部分人都會(huì)對(duì)此感到
滿意。
15. A. ensure B. continue
C. balance D. challenge
解析： 　根據(jù)上文可知，她喜歡讀書，并想要學(xué)生們也愛(ài)上讀
書，所以捐贈(zèng)了大量圖書，故此處指她想要做一些能延伸信仰的
事情。
16. A. unreachable B. unbearable
C. unlucky D. undefined
解析： 　根據(jù)上文one million可知，這個(gè)數(shù)字太龐大，聽起來(lái)遙
不可及，像是無(wú)法達(dá)到的。
17. A. Moreover B. Thus
C. However D. Otherwise
解析： 　根據(jù)上下文可知，雖然數(shù)目很大，但是她還是開始行
動(dòng)起來(lái)，因此此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
18. A. information B. disease
C. rumor D. news
解析： 　根據(jù)本句中的spread可知，此處表示消息傳播開了。
19. A. tax B. charge
C. damage D. interest
解析： 　根據(jù)上文give away可知，她要無(wú)償捐贈(zèng)圖書，故此處
指免費(fèi)送給當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校。短語(yǔ)free of charge表示“免費(fèi)”。
20. A. attaches B. accompanies
C. supplies D. introduces
解析： 　根據(jù)空后books to little free libraries可知，此處指給那些
小型圖書館提供書籍。
21. A. sets up B. puts away
C. takes up D. gives away
解析： 　根據(jù)本句中的a book club可知，Williams給當(dāng)?shù)乇O(jiān)獄的
犯人建立了圖書俱樂(lè)部。
22. A. judgement B. conclusion
C. level D. target
解析： 她已捐贈(zèng)78，000多本書，她的捐書量還差922，000才
能達(dá)到她定的100萬(wàn)本的目標(biāo)。
23. A. usual B. important
C. interesting D. amazing
解析： 　根據(jù)下一句可知，閱讀有很多好處，對(duì)于沒(méi)有太多選
擇的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)非常重要。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
　　Deeply 24. 　　　　　　 （affect） by her mother’s death， Lin
Qiaozhi chose to study medicine instead of following the path of
25. 　　　　　　 （marry） like the majority of girls.Her brother
complained 26. 　　　　　　 the high tuition fees.She responded，
“I’d rather stay single to study all my life！”
　　After graduating with the Wenhai Scholarship， Lin became
27. 　　　　　　 first woman ever to be hired as a resident
physician.When studying abroad， she 28. 　　　　　　 （reject） the
offer from her American colleagues.She wanted 29. 　　　　　　
（serve） the women and children at home.
　　When the department 30. 　　　　　　 she worked was closed
because of the war， she opened a private clinic and charged very low
fees.
　　She held many important 31. 　　　　　　
（position）.However， she was more interested in tending patients，
publishing medical research， and training new doctors.
　　Having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime， she
32. 　　　　　　 （know） as the “mother of ten thousand
babies”.Dr Lin did not retire until the day when she died，
33. 　　　　　　 （leave） her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for
new doctors.
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名兒童醫(yī)生林巧稚的
生平經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)作出的貢獻(xiàn)。
24. affected　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中chose為謂
語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。affect與Lin Qiaozhi之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)
賓關(guān)系，故使用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填affected。
25. marriage　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)使用名詞。此處泛
指抽象意義的婚姻，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填marriage。
26. about　考查介詞。complain about sth抱怨某事。故填about。
語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名兒童醫(yī)生林巧稚的
生平經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)作出的貢獻(xiàn)。
27. the　考查冠詞。表示特指“歷史上第一位被聘為住院醫(yī)生的女
性”，應(yīng)用定冠詞。故填the。
28. rejected　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，此處表示過(guò)去的事
實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填rejected。
29. to serve　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。want to do sth想要做某事。故填to
serve。
30. where　考查定語(yǔ)從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞
department，且從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where。
31. positions　考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ)。position意為“職
務(wù)”，由many可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填positions。
32. was known　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處作謂語(yǔ)，
know與she之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)句子表述過(guò)去的事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般
過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)為she，故填was known。
33. leaving　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中retire為謂語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)使用非謂
語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞leave和邏輯主語(yǔ)she之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞-ing形
式作狀語(yǔ)。故填leaving。
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