資源簡介

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
維度一：品句填詞
1.As is known to all，water 　　　　　　（傳導） heat faster than air.
2.Made of 　　　　　　（金屬）， the statue weighs up to 225 tons and measures 46 meters high.
3.There was a sudden 　　　　　　（閃光） of lightning， which lit everything up for a second.
4.We should 　　　　　　（起草） a proposal and discuss it at the meeting before any decision is made.
5.To test the effect on eating habits， the researchers conducted two 　　　　　　（實驗）.
6.The police insisted that Michael didn’t follow the correct p　　　　　　in applying for a visa.
7.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called g　　　　　　.
8.Some f　　　　　　 appeared without the names of the authors， often with something like “by a lady”.
維度二：詞形轉換
1.After three weeks’ discussion， they will sign the 　　　　　　（declare） tomorrow.
2.The scientist devoted himself 　　　　　　（entire） to his research， which turned out to be a success.
3.There is no 　　　　　　（prove） that the disappearance of bees has a close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
4.There is 　　　　　　（science） evidence to support our belief that being surrounded by plants is good for health.
5.After graduation， he has been working in a middle school，which is 　　　　　　（attach） to Nanjing Normal University.
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1.The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch 　　　　　　　　　　　　（擊中妻子的頭）.
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他的父母和杰克都沒有被認出來） when they entered the room.
3.The teacher told me the fact 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（決心和努力工作使她成功了）.
4.　　　　　　　　 （除……以外） cleaning the yard and making the bed for the old， we also read newspapers to them and chatted with them.
5.It’s believed that the manager is able to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（想出） new ways to solve the difficult problem.
6.The guqin， 　　　　　　　　（與……一起） the game of Go， calligraphy and painting， was expected to be mastered by noblemen and scholars in Ancient China.
7.　　　　　　　　　　 （不止一個） person has a good command of English in the research unit.
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.Apart 1.　　　　　 being a successful statesman，he was also a 2.　　　　　　 （create） scientist and inventor.
　　Benjamin Franklin 3.　　　　　　 （fly） a kite during a storm in 1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4.　　　　　　 （tie） to it.A metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key and got 5.　　　　　　 electric shock.
　　Generations of children have been amazed by his 6.　　　　　　 （brave）and his scientific approach to 7.　　　　　　 （look） for the truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8.　　　　　　 really happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9.　　　　　　 （actual） touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　In science，facts should 10.　　　　　　　　 （prove）by experiments and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　NAO， the first robot able to show feelings， has been created by a European research team.When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
　　“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero， a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal expressions.”
　　“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop online.” In these situations， the display of emotions， will be important in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
　　NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorize faces， and knows the basic rules of good and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides for itself when to display them.
　　NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room， while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
　　Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety，” she says.
1.According to the text， what do we know about NAO？（　　）
A.It displays different feelings in different situations. B.It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C.It can remember people’s feelings. D.It learns emotions from facial expressions.
2.What can we learn from the text？（　　）
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s emotions.
B.The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
3.What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（　　）
A.Courage.　　　　　 B.Anxiety.
C.Anger.　 D.Satisfaction.
4.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.The relationship between humans and robots.
B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show feelings.
D.The long history of robots.
B
　　Charles Darwin was a very famous scientist who lived in the 1800s.His ideas about evolution （進化） completely changed the way scientists understand the natural world.He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with letters of the alphabet （字母表）， which have been considered extremely important for showing how he developed the evolution.
　　The Cambridge University Library had several of Mr Darwin’s notebooks.The two that were missing were kept in a small box， and were last seen in 2000.In 2001， someone noticed that the box was missing.Luckily， the library had taken pictures of the notebooks’ pages， so the information wasn’t completely lost.
　　In 2020， the library made a huge effort to find the notebooks.Workers searched through the 10 million books and other things in the library， but they didn’t find the notebooks.Finally， the library asked people around the world to help look for the notebooks.They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.
　　Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently： in a pink gift bag with a note that said “Librarian， Happy Easter， X”.People at the library quickly recognised the blue box that the notebooks had been stored in.Inside a brown envelope they found the two missing notebooks， tightly wrapped in plastic.After the police had examined the package， library workers were able to open and carefully study the notebooks.They were pleased to learn that the notebooks were in good shape.They hadn’t been damaged and they weren’t missing any pages.
　　The timing of the return is perfect.The library was planning a show called “Darwin in Conversation”， which is set to open in July.Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.
5.What did Darwin write in his notebooks？（　　）
A.Scientists’ ideas about society.
B.The stories of his family.
C.His thoughts of evolution.
D.The development of the alphabet.
6.Why were the missing notebooks reported to have been stolen？（　　）
A.Because the library wanted to turn to the police for help.
B.Because the library didn’t want to take on responsibility for the loss.
C.Because the library discovered a librarian stole the notebooks.
D.Because the library realized the notebooks couldn’t be found.
7.How did the librarians feel about the notebooks’ return？（　　）
A.Proud.　 B.Nervous.
C.Unconcerned.　 D.Surprised.
8.What will happen to the notebooks？（　　）
A.They will be on exhibition.
B.They will be hidden forever.
C.They will be sold on a show.
D.They will be returned to the owner.
C
　　“In 2003， the Human Genome （基因組） Project made history when it sequenced （測定序列） 92% of the human genome. But for nearly twenty years since， scientists have made efforts to translate the remaining 8%. Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists from the Telomere-to-Telomere （T2T） Consortium has uncovered the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety，” the researchers said.
　　“Having this complete information will allow us to better understand how we form as an individual organism and how we vary not just between other humans but other species，” Evan Eichler， a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator at the University of Washington and the research leader， said Thursday.
　　The new research introduces 400 million letters to the previously sequenced DNA — an entire chromosome’s worth. The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.
　　The research， published in the journal Science on Thursday， was previously in preprint， allowing other teams to use the sequence in their own studies.
　　Until now， it was unclear what these unknown genes coded.
　　“It turns out that these genes are incredibly important for adaptation，” Eichler said.“They contain immune response genes that help us to adapt and survive infections and plagues and viruses.They contain genes that are very important in terms of predicting drug response.”
　　“For now， it’s still too expensive and time-consuming for everyone to sequence their own genome. But research is underway that uses this genome to judge whether certain genetic differences are connected with specific cancers. Knowing the genetic variations could also allow doctors to better tailor treatments，” said Michael Schatz， another researcher on the team and a professor of computer science and biology at Johns Hopkins University.
　　Charles Rotimi， scientific director of the National Human Genome Research Institute， said in a statement that this scientific achievement is “moving us closer to individualized medicine for all humanity”. Rotimi was not involved in the research.
9.What can we say about the human genome？（　　）
A.It made history in 2003.
B.It is similar between humans.
C.It has been sequenced completely.
D.It will make us know each other well.
10.What does the full genome mean to scientists according to the third paragraph？（　　）
A.They may write it in the journal Science.
B.They may use it to survive infections.
C.They can analyze if it functions in illness.
D.They can relate it to a certain disease.
11.How could people benefit from sequencing their own genome？（　　）
A.They could succeed in the field of medicine.
B.They might get personalized treatment.
C.They might be closer to great achievement.
D.They could connect gene with cancers.
12.What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A.Why Scientists Research the Complete Human Genome
B.The Full Human Genome Benefits Human Beings
C.How Scientists Sequenced the Full Human Genome
D.The Complete Human Genome Was First Uncovered
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists
through Natural Disasters
　　Red Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster. 13.（　　）
　　Emergency App
　　For an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe， the Emergency App is the answer.14.（　　） Users can also customize their alerts according to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor activity in multiple places.
　　Earthquake App
　　15.（　　） And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly doubled last year. With the Earthquake App， you’ll receive real-time alerts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.
　　Hurricane App
　　This is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 16.（　　） Much like the Earthquake App， it will supply you with details for staying safe in this circumstance.
　　Shelter Finder App
　　In case your emergency shelter wasn’t built to withstand whatever disaster came your way， the Shelter Finder App uses data from the National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the country. Other than the address， the app also supplies you with details such as the agency running the shelter， capacity and current population of the shelter， among others.17.（　　）
A.The global earthquake rate is rising.
B.Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.
C.It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency situations.
D.These details are updated within every thirty minutes， so you’ll always stay posted.
E.Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the proper precautions.
F.The modern survivalist knows your smartphone is the best tool to keep you on your feet.
G.For other apps specific to a natural disaster， the Red Cross also has apps for floods， tornadoes， and wildfires.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，英語課上，老師要求就應用人工智能（artificial intelligence）的利弊進行討論，請你代表小組寫一篇發言稿，說明討論的結果。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2.請按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
基礎知識自測
維度一
1.conducts　2.metal　3.flash　4.draft　5.experiments
6.procedure 　7.gravity　8.fictions
維度二
1.declaration　2.entirely　3.proof　4.scientific　5.attached
維度三
1.hit the wife on the head
2.Neither his parents nor Jack was recognised
3.that determination and hard work made her successful
4.Apart from
5.come up with
6.along with
7.More than one
維度四
1.from　2.creative　3.flew　4.tied　5.an　6.bravery
7.looking　8.what　9.actually　10.be proved
素養能力提升
Ⅰ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由歐洲研究團隊發明的第一個能夠通過動作表達感情的機器人NAO，該團隊希望能將它的情感程序應用到醫學領域。
1.A　細節理解題。根據第一段中的When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.可知，當NAO傷心時，它會低下頭；當它開心時，它會伸出手臂要求擁抱，這說明NAO能在不同情況下表達不同的情緒。
2.D　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的Children might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子們有一個小的、友好的又能夠理解他們情感狀態的機器人陪著的話，他們可能就不會那么焦慮了，也就是說具有情感技能的機器人可以幫助孩子們感覺更舒服。
3.B　詞義猜測題。前面提到一個更獨立的機器人在探索房間時很少尋求幫助，是獨立完成任務的。句中的while表示對比，由此可以判斷，后面是說一個膽怯的機器人如果在房間里發現可能有害的東西時會表現出“焦慮”（的情緒）。
4.C　主旨大意題。通讀全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了一個由歐洲研究團隊發明的第一個能夠表達感情的機器人NAO。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是19世紀著名科學家達爾文的兩本標有關于進化論觀點的筆記本丟失以及回歸的故事。
5.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He recorded his ideas in notebooks marked with ...for showing how he developed the evolution.可知，該筆記本中標注的是他關于進化論的思想。
6.A　細節理解題。根據第三段中的They officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would search for them.可知，將遺失的筆記本報告為被盜可以得到全世界警察的幫助。
7.D　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently可知，對于筆記本的回歸，圖書管理員感到很驚訝。
8.A　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的Now the missing notebooks can be part of that show.可知，兩個筆記本有可能會成為接下來展覽的一部分。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家團隊首次成功測定了最完整的人類基因組，為遺傳變異、疾病研究以及個性化醫療提供了重要的見解。
9.C　細節理解題。根據第一段中的Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists ... the complete human genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety可知，人類基因組測序已經全部完成。
10.C　細節理解題。根據第三段中的The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.可知，對于科學家們來說，測定完整的人類基因組可以讓他們分析人與人之間的DNA有何區別以及基因變異在疾病方面是否起作用。
11.B　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的moving us closer to individualized medicine可知，對自己的基因組進行測序讓我們離個性化治療更近一步。B項中的personalized意為“個性化的”。
12.D　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文首段提出研究結論，科學家團隊首次成功測定了最完整的人類基因組，下文具體說明這一發現的意義。因此，D項（完整的人類基因組首次被揭露）最適合作為本文標題。
Ⅱ.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個可以指導幸存者度過自然災害的應用程序。
13.B　根據空前一句可知，紅十字會有很多應用程序，它們能在自然災害中幫助你。B項（每個應用程序都可以在iOS和Android設備上使用）符合語境，說明在哪里可以獲得這些應用程序。
14.C　空前一句提到了應用程序可以給予人們參考。C項（它載有關于35種以上不同類型緊急情況的資料）符合語境。
15.A　根據Earthquake App可知，本段主要介紹地震應用程序，且空后一句提到去年高震級地震的數量幾乎翻了一番。A項（全球地震頻率正在上升）符合語境。
16.E　根據Hurricane App可知，本段主要介紹颶風應用程序，故空處應說明此應用程序有何用處。E項（跟蹤風暴和你所在地區的情況，這樣你就可以采取適當的預防措施）符合語境。
17.D　上文提到此應用程序還為你提供詳細信息，D項（這些詳細信息每30分鐘更新一次，所以你會隨時了解最新情況）符合語境，D項中的details與空前一句中的details相呼應。
Ⅲ.
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　Hi everybody.Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
　　On the one hand， it goes without saying that AI has brought much convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring accuracy and calculation.Plus， AI has such fantastic speed in collecting data.On the other hand， AI is becoming too smart nowadays， concerns arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one day.However， AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the right way.
　　That’s our opinion.Thank you.
6 / 6Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True？
　　Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However， new research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
　　[1]本句是主從復合句。其中that引導賓語從句；suggests在此處意為“表明”，其后的賓語從句不需要用虛擬語氣。
　　[2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time， there was much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite， and electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock .This， he said， proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
　　For many years， schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.[4]Franklin， along with many other scientists， has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
　　[2]本句是主從復合句。其中that引導表語從句。
　　[3]if引導賓語從句，意為“是否”。
　　[4]本句是主從復合句。句中that引導賓語從句；in order to establish the truth and to contribute ...在從句中作目的狀語。
　　However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity .[6]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
　　[5]本句是主從復合句。句中Although引導讓步狀語從句，其中that引導主語從句，it作形式主語；what引導賓語從句。
　　[6]本句是主從復合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that 引導的賓語從句；其中while引導讓步狀語從句，that it hit him on the head是that 引導的同位語從句。
　　[7]本句是并列復合句。第二個and連接兩個并列分句；在第二個分句中，not和always連用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了關系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything；even if引導讓步狀語從句。
【讀文清障】
①experiment n.（科學）實驗
②generation n.一代人；同輩人
③fiction n.虛構的事，想象的事
④instead of 而不是；代替
⑤fly a kite 放風箏
⑥electricity n.電；電能
electrical adj.電的；用電的；發電的
⑦lightning n.閃電
⑧string n.線；細繩；一串；一系列
v.懸掛；系；扎
⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上
⑩metal n.金屬
attach v.系，綁；貼
be attached to
被固定到/附在……上
flash n.閃光
hit v.（hit， hit）打；擊；碰撞
conduct v.傳導（熱、電）
electric shock 電擊，觸電
bravery n.勇氣
brave adj.勇敢的
approach n.方式；方法；接近
v.靠近；接近
along with 與……一起
scientific adj.科學（上）的
scientific experiment 科學實驗
establish v.確定，證實；建立，創立
establishment n.創立；建立；建設
contribute v.貢獻；捐贈；捐助
contribute towards 有助于，為……做貢獻/捐助
detail n.細節；瑣事；消息
entirely adv.完全地，徹底地
entire adj.完全的；整個的
take place 發生
die from 死于
come up with 提出；想出
theory n.學說，理論
gravity n.重力，引力
account n.記述，描述
v.認為是；視為
　account for 解釋；說明
proof n.證明，證據
prove v.證明，證實
admittedly adv.誠然，確實
spirit n.精神，心靈；情緒，心境
exploration n.探索；探究；探測
explore v.探索；探究；探測
【參考譯文】
富蘭克林的實驗：有多少是真的？
　　本杰明·富蘭克林關于閃電的著名實驗已引領一代又一代的兒童邁入科學世界。然而，新的研究顯示，這個故事可能是虛構的，而并非事實。
　　這一廣為人知的故事講述了這位美國的開國元勛和科學家在1752年的一場暴風雨中放風箏的經歷。那時，不少人對電感興趣。人們想知道閃電是否真的由電產生，還是另有源頭。富蘭克林就是其中之一。他在風箏上系了一根細繩，把風箏放上天，細繩上綁著一把金屬鑰匙。閃電擊中風箏，電流通過繩子傳導到鑰匙上，富蘭克林隨即用手指觸碰鑰匙，感受到了電擊。他說，這一實驗證明了閃電是電的一種形式。
　　許多年來，富蘭克林閃電實驗的故事一直是學校的教學內容之一。數代學生都嘆服于富蘭克林的勇氣與追尋真理時采用的科學手段。富蘭克林與許多其他科學家激勵并教導我們科學實驗對于推定真理與推動科學發現及發明而言都至關重要。
　　然而，不管是故事本身還是實驗細節都并非完全屬實。雖然已證實富蘭克林的這一實驗確有其事，不少科學家還是對事實真相提出了質疑。使用細繩和鑰匙這一細節是真實的，但科學家們一致認為，如果富蘭克林真的碰到了鑰匙，他必定會被電死。
　　科學家們常常對已被人們接受的觀點提出質疑，以求證事實。一些科學家甚至也懷疑過牛頓的故事：一個蘋果掉下來砸中了牛頓的腦袋，促使他提出了萬有引力定律。事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
　　誠然，虛構常常比事實更為有趣。人們更多是為富蘭克林的科學探索精神所激勵，而非事實本身。但在科學領域，能被實驗與研究所證明的東西才算作事實，我們不應全盤相信我們讀到或聽到的事——即使它是一個精彩的故事。
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1.What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A.Whether the story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B.The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C.The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D.The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
2.From the first two paragraphs， what do we know about the experiment？（　　）
A.Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and lightning.
B.Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C.People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s experiment.
D.As a scientist， Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3.What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story？（　　）
A.His bravery and scientific approach.
B.The kite with a key tied to the string.
C.The stormy weather with lightning.
D.His touching on the metal key.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s experiment？（　　）
A.Doubtful.　
B.Curious.
C.Supportive.
D.Not mentioned.
5.What is TRUE about Newton’s story？（　　）
A.The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B.Scientists like to question everything around them.
C.Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D.The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
第四步：拓思維品質提升
1.In your opinion， what qualities should a great scientist have？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
2.In what ways do scientists contribute to society？
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
第五步：析難句表達升級
1.Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place， more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
句式分析 本句為主從復合句。Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place為Although引導的　　　　　　從句，該從句中it為　　　　　　，that Franklin’s experiment took place為　　　　　　；what really happened為what引導的　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
2.But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research， and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
句式分析 本句為并列復合句。and前的分句為簡單句；and后的分句為復合句，we read or hear為省略關系代詞　　　　的　　　　從句，修飾先行詞　　　　　　；even if it is a great story為even if引導的　　　　　　從句。
自主翻譯 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
declaration n.聲明，宣告
【教材原句】　Benjamin Franklin （1706－1790） was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富蘭克林（1706－1790年）是美國開國元勛之一，并幫助起草了《獨立宣言》和《美國憲法》。
【用法】　
declare v.　　　　　 　宣布，宣稱；聲明 declare war on ...　　對……宣戰 declare against/for　　聲明反對/支持…… declare sb/sth （to be） ＋名詞/形容詞　 　　宣布某人/事為…… declare ...open/closed　　宣布……開始/結束
【佳句】　The museum has a copy of the country’s Declaration of Independence.
這家博物館珍藏著該國的一份《獨立宣言》。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly 　　　　　　the policy，which made them unhappy.
②In 1939， Hitler declared war 　　　　　　Poland， which started the Second World War.
【寫美】　補全句子
③The instant the ceremony 　　　　　　　， all the students in our school burst into cheers.
儀式一宣布開始，我校全體學生就歡呼起來。
attach v.系，綁；貼；使依戀；重視
【教材原句】　A metal key was attached to the string.細繩上綁著一把金屬鑰匙。
【用法】　
（1）attach sth to ... 把某物連接到/附在……上 attach oneself to ... 依附……；纏著…… attach importance/significance/value to ... 重視；認為……重要/有意義/有價值 （2）attached adj.　　喜愛的；依戀的；附屬的 be attached to　　被連接到……；愛慕；附屬于 （3）attachment n.　　附件，附屬物
【佳句】　Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order at formal dinners.
中國人非常重視在正式宴會上的座次排序。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You can send an email with a sound as an 　　　　　　（attach）.
②After graduation，he has been working in a hospital， which is attached 　　　　　　the medical college nearby.
【寫美】　補全句子
③She found a box lying on the table 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it， saying “Happy birthday”.
她發現桌子上放著一個盒子，盒子上貼著一張卡片，寫著“生日快樂”。
along with 與……一起
【教材原句】　Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries and inventions.
富蘭克林與許多其他科學家激勵并教導我們科學實驗對于推定真理與推動科學發現及發明而言都至關重要。
【用法】　
當with，along with，together with，as well as，in addition to，rather than，including等連接兩個并列的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數與前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。
【佳句】　She lost her job when the factory closed， along with hundreds of others.
工廠倒閉時，她和其他數以百計的人一起失去了工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Now the teacher together with the students 　　　　　　（be） discussing reading skills.
②The students， rather than their teacher， 　　　　　　（be） going to have a picnic this weekend.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Sanya on the first day.
第一天，我和我的父母將一起坐飛機去三亞。
account n.記述，描述；報道；賬戶 v.說明；解釋
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
【用法】　
（1）account for　　　是……的原因；導致；占……（比例） （2）on account of　　由于，因為 on no account　　決不（置于句首，句子用部分倒裝） （3） take account of＝take ...into account/consideration　　考慮……
【佳句】　I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我真誠地希望您能考慮我的建議。我期待著盡快得到您的回復。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The majority of people were drowned 　　　　　　account of lack of enough lifeboats.
②The minority nationalities account 　　　　　six per cent of the whole population.
③His exam results were not very good， but we must take 　　　　　　　account his long illness.
【寫美】　句式升級
④You should on no account leave the door unlocked.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the door unlocked.（倒裝句）
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：neither ...nor ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身還是實驗細節都并非完全屬實。
【用法】　
neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。 （1）neither ...nor ...連接兩個主語時，應遵循“就近一致”原則。 （2）若將neither ...nor ...句型變為肯定句，只需把neither ...nor ...改為both ...and ...即可，同時謂語動詞必須用復數形式。 （3）neither可以單獨使用，作主語，表示“兩者中沒有一個”。 （4）當表示“一個人沒有做某事，另一個人也沒做同一類事”時，可用neither或nor進行簡略回答。其結構為：Neither/Nor＋助動詞/情態動詞/be動詞＋主語。
【寫美】　微寫作
①昨天我和我的同學們都沒有受到老師的懲罰。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 by our teacher yesterday.
②昆明是一個美麗的城市，那里一年四季都不太熱也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　all the year around.
③如果喬的妻子不去參加聚會，他也不去。
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
句型公式：虛擬語氣
【教材原句】　But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
但科學家們一致認為，如果富蘭克林真的碰到了鑰匙，他必定會被電死。
【用法】
虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法： （1）與現在事實相反時，從句謂語用一般過去時（be動詞用were），主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。 （2）與過去事實相反時，從句謂語用過去完成時，主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞。 （3）與將來事實相反時，從句謂語用一般過去時（be用were）/should＋動詞原形/were to＋動詞原形，主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。
【品悟】　If you had followed my advice， you wouldn’t have run into trouble.如果你聽從了我的建議，你就不會陷入困境了。
【寫美】　微寫作
①要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。
If my brother were here，everything 　　　　　　　　all right.
②如果明天下雨的話，我們就得推遲運動會。
If it 　　　　　　　　　　　　tomorrow，we 　　　　　　　　　the sports meeting.
③要是沒有你的幫助，我上周考試可能就通不過。
If it 　　　　　　　for your help， I 　　　　　　　　the exam last week.
④瑪麗是盲人。如果她能夠看到這個光明的世界，她會滿心歡喜。
Mary is blind.If she 　　　　　　　　　　the bright world， she would be full of joy.
句型公式：while引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on the head.
事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
【用法】　
while的用法如下： （1）while 引導讓步狀語從句，多位于句首，意為“盡管”，相當于though/although。 （2）while引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”。 （3）while連接并列句，表示對比或轉折，意為“而；然而”。此時，while一般位于句中。
【品悟】　While the students came from different countries， they got along quite well in the summer camp.
雖然學生們來自不同的國家，但他們在夏令營里相處得很好。
【寫美】　微寫作/句型轉換
①他對錢很吝嗇而他的哥哥卻很大方。
He is mean with money 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
②盡管大衛在幾公里內被絆倒了，但他仍堅持跑步。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，he insisted on running.
③While you are taking exercise， you must be cautious.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， you must be cautious.（狀語從句的省略）
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
【文本透析·剖語篇】
第一步
1.fiction　2.electricity　3.kite　4.metal　5.lightning
6.has　7.entirely　8.inspired　9.spirit　10.facts
第二步
1－5　ADAAD
第三步
More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
第四步
1.Persistence， devotion and interest.
2.Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools that fundamentally improve our living standards.
第五步
1.讓步狀語　形式主語　真正的主語　賓語
雖然已證實富蘭克林的這一實驗確有其事，不少科學家還是對事實真相提出了質疑。
2.that　定語　everything　讓步狀語
但在科學領域，能被實驗與研究所證明的東西才算作事實，我們不應全盤相信我們讀到或聽到的事——即使它是一個精彩的故事。
【核心知識·巧突破】
核心詞匯集釋
1.①against　②on　③was declared open
2.①attachment　②to　③with a card attached to
3.①is　②are　③along with my parents am taking a flight to
4.①on　②for　③into　④On no account should you leave
重點句型解構
1.①Neither my classmates nor I was punished
②neither too hot nor too cold　③neither/nor will he
2.①would be
②rained/should rain/were to rain； would have to put off
③hadn’t been； would have failed　④were able to see
3.①while his brother is generous
②While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few kilometers　③While taking exercise
9 / 9(共104張PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas
1
篇章助解·釋疑難
目 錄
4
課時檢測·提能力
3
核心知識·巧突破
2
文本透析·剖語篇
篇章助解·釋疑難
力推課前預習
1
FRANKLIN’S EXPERIMENT①： How Much Is True？
　　Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with lightning has
introduced generations② of children to science.[1]However， new
research suggests that the story may be fiction③ instead of④ fact.
　　[1]本句是主從復合句。其中that引導賓語從句；suggests在此處
意為“表明”，其后的賓語從句不需要用虛擬語氣。
【讀文清障】
①experiment n.（科學）實驗
②generation n.一代人；同輩人
③fiction n.虛構的事，想象的事
④instead of 而不是；代替
　　[2]The well-known story is that the American Founding Father and
scientist flew a kite⑤ during a storm in 1752.At that time， there was
much interest in electricity⑥.[3]People wanted to know if lightning⑦ was
really produced by electricity or something else.Franklin was one of
them.He raised the kite with a piece of string⑧ tied to⑨ it.A metal⑩ key
was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite， and
electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then
touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock .This， he
said， proved that lightning was a form of electricity.
　　For many years， schools have taught the story of Franklin’s
lightning experiment.More than one generation of schoolchildren has been
amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the
truth.[4]Franklin， along with many other scientists，has inspired us
and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order to
establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries
and inventions.
　　[2]本句是主從復合句。其中that引導表語從句。
　　[3]if引導賓語從句，意為“是否”。
　　[4]本句是主從復合句。句中that引導賓語從句；in order to
establish the truth and to contribute ...在從句中作目的狀語。
⑤fly a kite 放風箏
⑥electricity n.電；電能
electrical adj.電的；用電的；發電的
⑦lightning n.閃電
⑧string n.線；細繩；一串；一系列
v.懸掛；系；扎
⑨tie ...to ...把……系在……上
⑩metal n.金屬
attach v.系，綁；貼
be attached to
被固定到/附在……上
flash n.閃光
hit v.（hit， hit）打；擊；碰撞
conduct v.傳導（熱、電）
electric shock 電擊，觸電
bravery n.勇氣
brave adj.勇敢的
approach n.方式；方法；接近
v.靠近；接近
along with 與……一起
scientific adj.科學（上）的
scientific experiment 科學實驗
establish v.確定，證實；建立，創立
establishment n.創立；建立；建設
contribute v.貢獻；捐贈；捐助
contribute towards 有助于，為……做貢獻/捐助
　　However， neither the story nor the details of the experiment are
entirely true.[5]Although it has been proved that Franklin’s
experiment took place ， more than one scientist has questioned what
really happened.The detail about the string and the key is true.But
scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually touched the key， he would
certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　Scientists often question accepted ideas because they want to establish
the facts.Some have even questioned the story about the apple that fell on
Newton’s head and led him to come up with his theory of gravity
.[6]In fact， more than one account suggests that while Newton was
certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it hit him on
the head.
　　Admittedly ， fiction is often more interesting than the truth.People
have been more inspired by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration
than by the facts themselves.[7]But in science， facts should be proved
by experiments and research， and we should not always believe
everything we read or hear — even if it is a great story.
　　[5]本句是主從復合句。句中Although引導讓步狀語從句，其中
that引導主語從句，it作形式主語；what引導賓語從句。
　　[6]本句是主從復合句。that while Newton ...on the head是that
引導的賓語從句；其中while引導讓步狀語從句，that it hit him on the
head是that 引導的同位語從句。
　　[7]本句是并列復合句。第二個and連接兩個并列分句；在第二
個分句中，not和always連用表示部分否定，we read or hear是省略了
關系代詞that的定語從句，修飾先行詞everything；even if引導讓步狀
語從句。
detail n.細節；瑣事；消息
entirely adv.完全地，徹底地
entire adj.完全的；整個的
take place 發生
die from 死于
come up with 提出；想出
theory n.學說，理論
gravity n.重力，引力
account n.記述，描述
v.認為是；視為
　account for 解釋；說明
proof n.證明，證據
prove v.證明，證實
admittedly adv.誠然，確實
spirit n.精神，心靈；情緒，心境
exploration n.探索；探究；探測
explore v.探索；探究；探測
【參考譯文】
富蘭克林的實驗：有多少是真的？
　　本杰明·富蘭克林關于閃電的著名實驗已引領一代又一代的兒童
邁入科學世界。然而，新的研究顯示，這個故事可能是虛構的，而并
非事實。
　　這一廣為人知的故事講述了這位美國的開國元勛和科學家在1752
年的一場暴風雨中放風箏的經歷。那時，不少人對電感興趣。人們想
知道閃電是否真的由電產生，還是另有源頭。富蘭克林就是其中之
一。他在風箏上系了一根細繩，把風箏放上天，細繩上綁著一把金屬
鑰匙。閃電擊中風箏，電流通過繩子傳導到鑰匙上，富蘭克林隨即用
手指觸碰鑰匙，感受到了電擊。他說，這一實驗證明了閃電是電的一
種形式。
　　許多年來，富蘭克林閃電實驗的故事一直是學校的教學內容之
一。數代學生都嘆服于富蘭克林的勇氣與追尋真理時采用的科學手
段。富蘭克林與許多其他科學家激勵并教導我們科學實驗對于推定真
理與推動科學發現及發明而言都至關重要。
　　然而，不管是故事本身還是實驗細節都并非完全屬實。雖然已證
實富蘭克林的這一實驗確有其事，不少科學家還是對事實真相提出了
質疑。使用細繩和鑰匙這一細節是真實的，但科學家們一致認為，如
果富蘭克林真的碰到了鑰匙，他必定會被電死。
　　科學家們常常對已被人們接受的觀點提出質疑，以求證事實。一
些科學家甚至也懷疑過牛頓的故事：一個蘋果掉下來砸中了牛頓的腦
袋，促使他提出了萬有引力定律。事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然
牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰
巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
　　誠然，虛構常常比事實更為有趣。人們更多是為富蘭克林的科學
探索精神所激勵，而非事實本身。但在科學領域，能被實驗與研究所
證明的東西才算作事實，我們不應全盤相信我們讀到或聽到的事——
即使它是一個精彩的故事。
文本透析·剖語篇
助力語篇理解
2
第一步：析架構理清脈絡
第二步：知細節明察秋毫
1. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. Whether the story of Franklin’s experiment is true or not.
B. The aim of Franklin’s experiment.
C. The procedure of Franklin’s experiment.
D. The effect of Franklin’s experiment.
2. From the first two paragraphs， what do we know about the
experiment？（　　）
A. Only Franklin wanted to know the relation between electricity and
lightning.
B. Franklin taught many children about his findings in different schools.
C. People had already known the cause of lightning before Franklin’s
experiment.
D. As a scientist， Franklin was admired for his attitude to science.
3. What are people inspired by in Franklin’s story？（　　）
A. His bravery and scientific approach.
B. The kite with a key tied to the string.
C. The stormy weather with lightning.
D. His touching on the metal key.
4. What’s the author’s attitude towards the story of Franklin’s
experiment？（　　）
A. Doubtful. B. Curious.
C. Supportive. D. Not mentioned.
5. What is TRUE about Newton’s story？（　　）
A. The scientists saw the apple falling on Newton’s head.
B. Scientists like to question everything around them.
C. Everyone can prove the apple really hit Newton on the head.
D. The falling apple inspired Newton to think deeply about the reason.
第三步：品語言妙筆生輝
Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the mood.


More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his
bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.
第四步：拓思維品質提升
1. In your opinion， what qualities should a great scientist have？

2. In what ways do scientists contribute to society？




Persistence， devotion and interest.
Firstly， scientific discoveries promote the development of our
society.Secondly， the contributions of scientists in medicine extend
our lifespan.Thirdly， scientists have invented a lot of surprising tools
that fundamentally improve our living standards.
第五步：析難句表達升級
1. Although it has been proved that Franklin’s experiment took place，
more than one scientist has questioned what really happened.
句式分析 本句為主從復合句。Although it has been proved that
Franklin’s experiment took place為Although引導的 從
句，該從句中it為 ，that Franklin’s experiment took
place為 ；what really happened為what引導的
從句。
自主翻譯

讓步狀語　
形式主語　
真正的主語　
賓
語　
雖然已證實富蘭克林的這一實驗確有其事，不少科學
家還是對事實真相提出了質疑。　
2. But in science， facts should be proved by experiments and research，
and we should not always believe everything we read or hear — even if
it is a great story.
句式分析 本句為并列復合句。and前的分句為簡單句；and后的分
句為復合句，we read or hear為省略關系代詞 的 從
句，修飾先行詞 ；even if it is a great story為even if引
導的 從句。
自主翻譯


that　
定語　
everything　
讓步狀語　
但在科學領域，能被實驗與研究所證明的東西才算作
事實，我們不應全盤相信我們讀到或聽到的事——即使它是一個精
彩的故事。　
核心知識·巧突破
探究課堂重點
3
Part Ⅰ　核心詞匯集釋
declaration n.聲明，宣告
【教材原句】　Benjamin Franklin （1706－1790） was one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States and helped draft the Declaration of
Independence and the US Constitution.
本杰明·富蘭克林（1706－1790年）是美國開國元勛之一，并幫助起
草了《獨立宣言》和《美國憲法》。
declare v.　 宣布，宣稱；聲明
declare war on ...　　對……宣戰
declare against/for　　聲明反對/支持……
declare sb/sth （to be） ＋名詞/形容詞宣布某人/事為……
declare ...open/closed　　宣布……開始/結束
【用法】
【佳句】　The museum has a copy of the country’s Declaration of
Independence.
這家博物館珍藏著該國的一份《獨立宣言》。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly
the policy，which made them unhappy.
②In 1939， Hitler declared war Poland， which started the
Second World War.
against　
on　
【寫美】　補全句子
③The instant the ceremony ， all the students in
our school burst into cheers.
儀式一宣布開始，我校全體學生就歡呼起來。
was declared open　
attach v.系，綁；貼；使依戀；重視
【教材原句】　A metal key was attached to the string.細繩上綁著一把
金屬鑰匙。
【用法】
（1）attach sth to ...　把某物連接到/附在……上
attach oneself to ...　　依附……；纏著……
attach importance/significance/value to ...
重視；認為……重要/有意義/有價值
（2）attached adj.　　喜愛的；依戀的；附屬的
be attached to　　被連接到……；愛慕；附屬于
（3）attachment n.　　附件，附屬物
【佳句】　Chinese people attach great importance to the seating order
at formal dinners.
中國人非常重視在正式宴會上的座次排序。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①You can send an email with a sound as an （attach）.
②After graduation，he has been working in a hospital， which is
attached the medical college nearby.
attachment　
to　
【寫美】　補全句子
③She found a box lying on the table it，
saying “Happy birthday”.
她發現桌子上放著一個盒子，盒子上貼著一張卡片，寫著“生日快
樂”。
with a card attached to　
along with 與……一起
【教材原句】　Franklin， along with many other scientists，has
inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are important in order
to establish the truth and to contribute towards later scientific discoveries
and inventions.
富蘭克林與許多其他科學家激勵并教導我們科學實驗對于推定真理與
推動科學發現及發明而言都至關重要。
【用法】
當with，along with，together with，as well as，in addition to，rather
than，including等連接兩個并列的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的
人稱和數與前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。
【佳句】　She lost her job when the factory closed， along with
hundreds of others.
工廠倒閉時，她和其他數以百計的人一起失去了工作。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①Now the teacher together with the students （be） discussing
reading skills.
②The students， rather than their teacher， （be） going to have
a picnic this weekend.
【寫美】　補全句子
③I Sanya on the first
day.
第一天，我和我的父母將一起坐飛機去三亞。
is　
are　
along with my parents am taking a flight to　
account n.記述，描述；報道；賬戶 v.說明；解釋
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while
Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that it
hit him on the head.
事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的
蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
【用法】
（1）account for　　　　　是……的原因；導致；占……（比例）
（2）on account of　　由于，因為
on no account　　決不（置于句首，句子用部分倒裝）
（3） take account of＝take ...into account/consideration　　考
慮……
【佳句】　I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into
account.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.我
真誠地希望您能考慮我的建議。我期待著盡快得到您的回復。
【練透】　單句語法填空
①The majority of people were drowned account of lack of enough
lifeboats.
②The minority nationalities account six per cent of the whole
population.
③His exam results were not very good， but we must take
account his long illness.
on　
for　
into　
【寫美】　句式升級
④You should on no account leave the door unlocked.
→ the door unlocked.（倒裝句）
On no account should you leave
Part Ⅱ　重點句型解構
句型公式：neither ...nor ...連接并列成分
【教材原句】　However， neither the story nor the details of the
experiment are entirely true.
然而，不管是故事本身還是實驗細節都并非完全屬實。
【用法】
neither ...nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。
（1）neither ...nor ...連接兩個主語時，應遵循“就近一致”原
則。
（2）若將neither ...nor ...句型變為肯定句，只需把
neither ...nor ...改為both ...and ...即可，同時謂語動詞必須用復
數形式。
（3）neither可以單獨使用，作主語，表示“兩者中沒有一個”。
（4）當表示“一個人沒有做某事，另一個人也沒做同一類事”時，
可用neither或nor進行簡略回答。其結構為：Neither/Nor＋助動詞/情
態動詞/be動詞＋主語。
【寫美】　微寫作
①昨天我和我的同學們都沒有受到老師的懲罰。
by our teacher yesterday.
②昆明是一個美麗的城市，那里一年四季都不太熱也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city， where it’s
all the year around.
③如果喬的妻子不去參加聚會，他也不去。
If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party， .
Neither my classmates nor I was punished　
neither too hot nor too cold　
neither/nor will he　
句型公式：虛擬語氣
【教材原句】　But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually
touched the key， he would certainly have died from the electric
shock.但科學家們一致認為，如果富蘭克林真的碰到了鑰匙，他必定
會被電死。
【用法】
虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法：
（1）與現在事實相反時，從句謂語用一般過去時（be動詞用
were），主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。
（2）與過去事實相反時，從句謂語用過去完成時，主句謂語用
would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞。
（3）與將來事實相反時，從句謂語用一般過去時（be用were）
/should＋動詞原形/were to＋動詞原形，主句謂語用
would/should/could/might＋動詞原形。
【品悟】　If you had followed my advice， you wouldn’t have run
into trouble.
如果你聽從了我的建議，你就不會陷入困境了。
【寫美】　微寫作
①要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。
If my brother were here，everything all right.
②如果明天下雨的話，我們就得推遲運動會。
If it tomorrow，we
the sports meeting.
would be
rained/should rain/were to rain　
would have to
put off　
③要是沒有你的幫助，我上周考試可能就通不過。
If it for your help， I the exam
last week.
④瑪麗是盲人。如果她能夠看到這個光明的世界，她會滿心歡喜。
Mary is blind.If she the bright world， she would be
full of joy.
hadn’t been　
would have failed　
were able to see　
句型公式：while引導讓步狀語從句
【教材原句】　In fact， more than one account suggests that while
Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple， there is no proof that
it hit him on the head.
事實上，不止一處資料顯示，雖然牛頓的靈感確實來源于一個掉落的
蘋果，但沒有證據表明這個蘋果恰巧砸在了他的腦袋上。
【用法】
while的用法如下：
（1）while 引導讓步狀語從句，多位于句首，意為“盡管”，相當
于though/although。
（2）while引導時間狀語從句，意為“當……的時候”。
（3）while連接并列句，表示對比或轉折，意為“而；然而”。此
時，while一般位于句中。
【品悟】　While the students came from different countries， they
got along quite well in the summer camp.
雖然學生們來自不同的國家，但他們在夏令營里相處得很好。
【寫美】　微寫作/句型轉換
①他對錢很吝嗇而他的哥哥卻很大方。
He is mean with money .
②盡管大衛在幾公里內被絆倒了，但他仍堅持跑步。

，he insisted on running.
while his brother is generous　
While/Although/Though David was tripped over within a few
kilometers　
③While you are taking exercise， you must be cautious.
→ ， you must be cautious.（狀語從句
的省略）
While taking exercise　
課時檢測·提能力
培育學科素養
4
維度一：品句填詞
1. As is known to all，water （傳導） heat faster than air.
2. Made of （金屬）， the statue weighs up to 225 tons and
measures 46 meters high.
3. There was a sudden （閃光） of lightning， which lit
everything up for a second.
conducts　
metal　
flash　
4. We should （起草） a proposal and discuss it at the meeting
before any decision is made.
5. To test the effect on eating habits， the researchers conducted
two （實驗）.
6. The police insisted that Michael didn’t follow the correct p in
applying for a visa.
7. The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called
g .
8. Some f appeared without the names of the authors， often
with something like “by a lady”.
draft　
experiments　
rocedure
ravity　
ictions　
維度二：詞形轉換
1. After three weeks’ discussion， they will sign the
（declare） tomorrow.
2. The scientist devoted himself （entire） to his research，
which turned out to be a success.
3. There is no （prove） that the disappearance of bees has a
close connection with the radiation of the mobile phones.
4. There is （science） evidence to support our belief that
being surrounded by plants is good for health.
5. After graduation， he has been working in a middle school，which
is （attach） to Nanjing Normal University.
declaration　
entirely　
proof　
scientific　
attached　
維度三：固定搭配和句式
1. The couple were walking in the woods when suddenly a branch
（擊中妻子的頭）.
2. （他的父母和杰克都
沒有被認出來） when they entered the room.
3. The teacher told me the fact
（決心和努力工作使她成功了）.
4. （除……以外） cleaning the yard and making the bed
for the old， we also read newspapers to them and chatted with them.
hit
the wife on the head　
Neither his parents nor Jack was recognised　
that determination and hard work made
her successful　
Apart from　
5. It’s believed that the manager is able to （想出）
new ways to solve the difficult problem.
6. The guqin， （與……一起） the game of Go，
calligraphy and painting， was expected to be mastered by noblemen
and scholars in Ancient China.
7. （不止一個） person has a good command of
English in the research unit.
come up with　
along with　
More than one　
維度四：課文語法填空
　　Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United
States.Apart 1. being a successful statesman，he was also a
2. （create） scientist and inventor.
　　Benjamin Franklin 3. （fly） a kite during a storm in
1752.He raised the kite with a piece of string 4. （tie） to it.A
metal key was attached to the string.A flash of lightning hit the kite，and
electricity was conducted through the string to the key.Franklin then
touched the key and got 5. electric shock.
from　
creative　
flew　
tied　
an　
　　Generations of children have been amazed by his 6.
（brave）and his scientific approach to 7. （look） for the
truth.However，new research suggests that the story may be fiction
instead of fact.More than one scientist has questioned 8. really
happened.They all agree that if Franklin had 9. （actual）
touched the key，he would certainly have died from the electric shock.
　　In science，facts should 10. （prove）by experiments
and research，and we should not always believe everything we read or
hear — even if it is a great story.
bravery　
looking　
what　
actually　
be proved　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
　　NAO， the first robot able to show feelings， has been created by a
European research team.When NAO is sad， he lowers his head and looks
down.When he’s happy， he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of
the ordinary， except that NAO is a robot.
　　“We’re modelling the first year of life，” says Lola Canamero，
a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The feelings are
shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or
verbal expressions.”
　　“In the future，” says the scientist， “robots are likely to act as
companions， provide support for old people，and help people shop
online.” In these situations， the display of emotions， will be important
in making the interaction more natural and comfortable.
　　NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-
year-old child.It can memorize faces， and knows the basic rules of good
and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The
actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed， but NAO decides
for itself when to display them.
　　NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more
independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room，
while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the
room that may be harmful.
　　Canamero’s team will take its emotional programming forward into
medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in
hospitals to support the roles of doctors，nurses and parents.Children
might find that a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their
emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different
roles — the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and
explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their
anxiety，” she says.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由歐洲研究團隊發
明的第一個能夠通過動作表達感情的機器人NAO，該團隊希望能將
它的情感程序應用到醫學領域。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一個由歐洲研究團隊發
明的第一個能夠通過動作表達感情的機器人NAO，該團隊希望能將
它的情感程序應用到醫學領域。
1. According to the text， what do we know about NAO？（　　）
A. It displays different feelings in different situations.
B. It is able to imitate adults’ emotional displays.
C. It can remember people’s feelings.
D. It learns emotions from facial expressions.
解析： 細節理解題。根據第一段中的When NAO is sad， he
lowers his head and looks down.When he’s happy， he raises his
arms for a hug.可知，當NAO傷心時，它會低下頭；當它開心時，
它會伸出手臂要求擁抱，這說明NAO能在不同情況下表達不同的
情緒。
2. What can we learn from the text？（　　）
A. Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO’s
emotions.
B. The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C. Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D. Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的Children might find that
a small， friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional
states makes them less anxious.可知，如果孩子們有一個小的、友好
的又能夠理解他們情感狀態的機器人陪著的話，他們可能就不會那
么焦慮了，也就是說具有情感技能的機器人可以幫助孩子們感覺更
舒服。
3. What does the underlined word“distress” in Paragraph 5 probably
mean？（　　）
A. Courage. B. Anxiety.
C. Anger. D. Satisfaction.
解析： 　詞義猜測題。前面提到一個更獨立的機器人在探索房間
時很少尋求幫助，是獨立完成任務的。句中的while表示對比，由
此可以判斷，后面是說一個膽怯的機器人如果在房間里發現可能有
害的東西時會表現出“焦慮”（的情緒）。
4. What is the text mainly about？（　　）
A. The relationship between humans and robots.
B. The roles that robots play in different fields.
C. The first robot able to show feelings.
D. The long history of robots.
解析： 　主旨大意題。通讀全文內容可知，本文主要介紹了一個
由歐洲研究團隊發明的第一個能夠表達感情的機器人NAO。
B
　　Charles Darwin was a very famous scientist who lived in the
1800s.His ideas about evolution （進化） completely changed the way
scientists understand the natural world.He recorded his ideas in notebooks
marked with letters of the alphabet （字母表）， which have been
considered extremely important for showing how he developed the
evolution.
　　The Cambridge University Library had several of Mr Darwin’s
notebooks.The two that were missing were kept in a small box， and were
last seen in 2000.In 2001， someone noticed that the box was
missing.Luckily， the library had taken pictures of the notebooks’
pages， so the information wasn’t completely lost.
　　In 2020， the library made a huge effort to find the
notebooks.Workers searched through the 10 million books and other things
in the library， but they didn’t find the notebooks.Finally， the library
asked people around the world to help look for the notebooks.They
officially reported the missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around
the world would search for them.
　　Nobody could ever have expected the way in which the notebooks
were returned recently： in a pink gift bag with a note that said
“Librarian， Happy Easter， X”.People at the library quickly
recognised the blue box that the notebooks had been stored in.Inside a
brown envelope they found the two missing notebooks， tightly wrapped
in plastic.After the police had examined the package， library workers
were able to open and carefully study the notebooks.They were pleased to
learn that the notebooks were in good shape.They hadn’t been damaged
and they weren’t missing any pages.
　　The timing of the return is perfect.The library was planning a show
called “Darwin in Conversation”， which is set to open in July.Now
the missing notebooks can be part of that show.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是19世紀著名科學家達
爾文的兩本標有關于進化論觀點的筆記本丟失以及回歸的故事。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是19世紀著名科學家達
爾文的兩本標有關于進化論觀點的筆記本丟失以及回歸的故事。
5. What did Darwin write in his notebooks？（　　）
A. Scientists’ ideas about society.
B. The stories of his family.
C. His thoughts of evolution.
D. The development of the alphabet.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的He recorded his ideas in
notebooks marked with ...for showing how he developed the
evolution.可知，該筆記本中標注的是他關于進化論的思想。
6. Why were the missing notebooks reported to have been stolen？
（　　）
A. Because the library wanted to turn to the police for help.
B. Because the library didn’t want to take on responsibility for the loss.
C. Because the library discovered a librarian stole the notebooks.
D. Because the library realized the notebooks couldn’t be found.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段中的They officially reported the
missing notebooks as stolen so that the police around the world would
search for them.可知，將遺失的筆記本報告為被盜可以得到全世界
警察的幫助。
7. How did the librarians feel about the notebooks’ return？（　　）
A. Proud. B. Nervous.
C. Unconcerned. D. Surprised.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段中的Nobody could ever
have expected the way in which the notebooks were returned recently可
知，對于筆記本的回歸，圖書管理員感到很驚訝。
8. What will happen to the notebooks？（　　）
A. They will be on exhibition.
B. They will be hidden forever.
C. They will be sold on a show.
D. They will be returned to the owner.
解析： 　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的Now the missing
notebooks can be part of that show.可知，兩個筆記本有可能會成為
接下來展覽的一部分。
C
　　“In 2003， the Human Genome （基因組） Project made history
when it sequenced （測定序列） 92％ of the human genome. But for
nearly twenty years since， scientists have made efforts to translate the
remaining 8％. Now， a team of nearly 100 scientists from the Telomere-
to-Telomere （T2T） Consortium has uncovered the complete human
genome — the first time it’s been sequenced in its entirety，” the
researchers said.
　　“Having this complete information will allow us to better understand
how we form as an individual organism and how we vary not just between
other humans but other species，” Evan Eichler， a Howard Hughes
Medical Institute investigator at the University of Washington and the
research leader， said Thursday.
　　The new research introduces 400 million letters to the previously
sequenced DNA — an entire chromosome’s worth. The full genome will
allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether
these genetic variations play a role in disease.
　　The research， published in the journal Science on Thursday， was
previously in preprint， allowing other teams to use the sequence in their
own studies.
　　Until now， it was unclear what these unknown genes coded.
　　“It turns out that these genes are incredibly important for
adaptation，” Eichler said.“They contain immune response genes that
help us to adapt and survive infections and plagues and viruses.They
contain genes that are very important in terms of predicting drug
response.”
　　“For now， it’s still too expensive and time-consuming for
everyone to sequence their own genome. But research is underway that
uses this genome to judge whether certain genetic differences are
connected with specific cancers. Knowing the genetic variations could
also allow doctors to better tailor treatments，” said Michael Schatz，
another researcher on the team and a professor of computer science and
biology at Johns Hopkins University.
　　Charles Rotimi， scientific director of the National Human Genome
Research Institute， said in a statement that this scientific achievement is
“moving us closer to individualized medicine for all humanity”. Rotimi
was not involved in the research.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家團隊首次成功測定了最完整
的人類基因組，為遺傳變異、疾病研究以及個性化醫療提供了重要
的見解。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。科學家團隊首次成功測定了最完整
的人類基因組，為遺傳變異、疾病研究以及個性化醫療提供了重要
的見解。
9. What can we say about the human genome？（　　）
A. It made history in 2003.
B. It is similar between humans.
C. It has been sequenced completely.
D. It will make us know each other well.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第一段中的Now， a team of nearly
100 scientists ... the complete human genome — the first time it’s
been sequenced in its entirety可知，人類基因組測序已經全部完成。
10. What does the full genome mean to scientists according to the third
paragraph？（　　）
A. They may write it in the journal Science.
B. They may use it to survive infections.
C. They can analyze if it functions in illness.
D. They can relate it to a certain disease.
解析： 　細節理解題。根據第三段中的The full genome will
allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and
whether these genetic variations play a role in disease.可知，對于科
學家們來說，測定完整的人類基因組可以讓他們分析人與人之間
的DNA有何區別以及基因變異在疾病方面是否起作用。
11. How could people benefit from sequencing their own genome？（　　）
A. They could succeed in the field of medicine.
B. They might get personalized treatment.
C. They might be closer to great achievement.
D. They could connect gene with cancers.
解析：B　細節理解題。根據最后一段中的moving us closer to
individualized medicine可知，對自己的基因組進行測序讓我們離
個性化治療更近一步。B項中的personalized意為“個性化的”。
12. What is the best title for the text？（　　）
A. Why Scientists Research the Complete Human Genome
B. The Full Human Genome Benefits Human Beings
C. How Scientists Sequenced the Full Human Genome
D. The Complete Human Genome Was First Uncovered
解析： 　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文首段提出研究結
論，科學家團隊首次成功測定了最完整的人類基因組，下文具體
說明這一發現的意義。因此，D項（完整的人類基因組首次被揭
露）最適合作為本文標題。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　Red Cross Apps Guide Survivalists through Natural Disasters
　　Red Cross has several apps that will help you in a natural disaster.
13.（　　）
　　Emergency App
　　For an all-in-one reference for any catastrophe， the Emergency App
is the answer.14.（　　） Users can also customize their alerts according
to their areas and locations of their loved ones so that they can monitor
activity in multiple places.
　　Earthquake App
　　15. （　　） And the number of high magnitude earthquakes nearly
doubled last year. With the Earthquake App， you’ll receive real-time
alerts and notifications and learn how to respond in this natural disaster
while keeping your family and home safe from any further threats.
　　Hurricane App
　　This is a must-have for people in hurricane areas. 16.（　　）
Much like the Earthquake App， it will supply you with details for staying
safe in this circumstance.
　　Shelter Finder App
　　In case your emergency shelter wasn’t built to withstand whatever
disaster came your way， the Shelter Finder App uses data from the
National Shelter System and maps out the secured shelters across the
country. Other than the address， the app also supplies you with details
such as the agency running the shelter， capacity and current population of
the shelter， among others.17.（　　）
A. The global earthquake rate is rising.
B. Each app is available on iOS and Android devices.
C. It contains information on over 35 different types of emergency
situations.
D. These details are updated within every thirty minutes， so you’ll
always stay posted.
E. Track storms and the condition in your area so that you can take the
proper precautions.
F. The modern survivalist knows your smartphone is the best tool to keep
you on your feet.
G. For other apps specific to a natural disaster， the Red Cross also has
apps for floods， tornadoes， and wildfires.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個可以指導幸存
者度過自然災害的應用程序。
13. B　根據空前一句可知，紅十字會有很多應用程序，它們能在自
然災害中幫助你。B項（每個應用程序都可以在iOS和Android設備上
使用）符合語境，說明在哪里可以獲得這些應用程序。
14. C　空前一句提到了應用程序可以給予人們參考。C項（它載有關
于35種以上不同類型緊急情況的資料）符合語境。
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四個可以指導幸存
者度過自然災害的應用程序。
15. A　根據Earthquake App可知，本段主要介紹地震應用程序，且
空后一句提到去年高震級地震的數量幾乎翻了一番。A項（全球地震
頻率正在上升）符合語境。
16. E　根據Hurricane App可知，本段主要介紹颶風應用程序，故空
處應說明此應用程序有何用處。E項（跟蹤風暴和你所在地區的情
況，這樣你就可以采取適當的預防措施）符合語境。
17. D　上文提到此應用程序還為你提供詳細信息，D項（這些詳細信
息每30分鐘更新一次，所以你會隨時了解最新情況）符合語境，D項
中的details與空前一句中的details相呼應。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
　　假定你是李華，英語課上，老師要求就應用人工智能（artificial
intelligence）的利弊進行討論，請你代表小組寫一篇發言稿，說明討
論的結果。
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2. 請按如下格式作答。
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
參考范文：
On the Use of Artificial Intelligence
　　Hi everybody.Our group discussed the use of AI and finally agreed
that its advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
　　On the one hand， it goes without saying that AI has brought much
convenience and has been doing us a great favour in jobs requiring
accuracy and calculation.Plus， AI has such fantastic speed in collecting
data.On the other hand， AI is becoming too smart nowadays， concerns
arising.Some of us think that AI will be a threat to humans one
day.However， AI can be our best assistant as long as we develop it in the
right way.
　　That’s our opinion.Thank you.
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